CN110439042B - Marine foundation multidirectional loading test system and method for simulating wind-wave action - Google Patents
Marine foundation multidirectional loading test system and method for simulating wind-wave action Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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Abstract
The invention provides a marine foundation multidirectional loading test system and method for simulating wind-wave action, comprising a control system, a servo electric controller, a loading reaction frame, a model test box and a load simulation mechanism; outputting a simulation load by a basic model in a load simulation mechanism model test box; the load simulation mechanism comprises a vertical actuator for simulating vertical load and a horizontal actuator for simulating ocean wind load and ocean wave load; the horizontal actuators comprise first horizontal actuators fixed at the turntables simulating the wave loads in different loading directions and second horizontal actuators fixed at the turntables simulating the wind loads in different loading directions; the rotary discs simulating wave loads in different loading directions and the rotary discs simulating wind loads in different loading directions can simulate different loading modes; the invention can simulate the long-term loading of the ocean engineering structure foundation under the condition of different model scales and the continuous change of wind and wave loads with different load frequencies and amplitudes at any loading angle.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of test equipment, in particular to a marine foundation multidirectional loading test system and method for simulating wind-wave action.
Background
The load condition that ocean engineering structure basis received in the in-service process is very complicated, receives self and superstructure dead weight effect in addition, still receives the long-term cyclic loading effect of horizontal wind and wave for hundreds of millions of times, and each load amplitude, frequency and direction of action are all different, and often change. The foundation will undergo cumulative deformation and stiffness change under long-term cyclic loading. When the accumulated deformation exceeds the allowable value of the basic normal use limit state, the fan must stop working and cannot be used continuously. The change of the basic rigidity under the long-term load action can cause the natural frequency of the wind power structure to change, and when the changed natural frequency is consistent with the wind or wave load frequency, the structure will resonate, so that the structure is seriously damaged. In addition, a large amount of marine environment monitoring data are analyzed to find that a certain included angle is formed between the marine wind direction and the wave direction, and the included angle changes obviously along with time and seasons, so that the wind load and the wave load acting on the wind power structure are not oriented to each other. This phenomenon is more pronounced especially at low wind speeds and low wave heights. However, at present, no model test equipment capable of simultaneously realizing long-term basic loading of wind and wave loads with different load frequencies and load amplitudes at different loading angles and under the condition of continuously changing loading angles exists. In addition, the application of the load of the model test loading equipment should also take the influence of the scale effect into consideration, and the actual load value of the model test loading equipment needs to be converted according to a certain scale rule.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a multidirectional loading test system and method for a marine foundation for simulating wind-wave action, which can simulate the long-term loading of wind and wave loads with different load frequencies and amplitudes at any loading angle and under the condition of continuously changing loading angles under different model scales.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme.
The marine foundation multidirectional loading test system for simulating the wind-wave action can simulate the wind-wave combined action and comprises a control system (3), a servo electric controller, a loading reaction frame (18), a model test box (1) and a load simulation mechanism; the load simulation mechanism is arranged at the loading reaction frame and is connected with the control system and the servo electric controller, and the load simulation mechanism outputs simulation load to a basic model in the model test box through the load transmission mechanism so as to carry out a test; the load simulation mechanism comprises a vertical actuator (20) for simulating vertical load and a horizontal actuator for simulating ocean wind load and ocean wave load; the horizontal actuators comprise a first horizontal actuator (5) fixed at a rotary table (9) simulating wave loads in different loading directions and a second horizontal actuator (6) fixed at a rotary table (10) simulating wind loads in different loading directions; the rotary tables simulating wave loads in different loading directions and the rotary tables simulating wind loads in different loading directions can rotate in a horizontal plane, so that the horizontal actuator can simulate a loading mode in which wind loads and wave loads are not in the same direction and are not in the same plane and a loading mode in which the wind and wave loading directions are continuously changed.
The first horizontal actuator, the second horizontal actuator and the vertical actuator are all electro-hydraulic servo actuators; the rotary tables simulating wave loads in different loading directions and the rotary tables simulating wind loads in different loading directions are gear rotary tables; the rotary discs simulating wave loads in different loading directions rotate under the driving of a first motor (11); the rotary discs simulating wind loads in different loading directions rotate under the driving of a second motor (12); the force output of the first horizontal actuator is used for simulating wave load; the force output of the second horizontal actuator is used for simulating wind load; the force output of the vertical actuator is used to simulate vertical loads including self-weight.
The output ends of the first horizontal actuator and the second horizontal actuator are respectively provided with a tension and compression sensor; the load transmission mechanism comprises a loading rod (21); and magnetostrictive displacement sensors are arranged in the first horizontal actuator and the second horizontal actuator and are used for measuring the displacement of the actuators.
The first horizontal actuator is connected with the loading rod through a first connecting valve block (7); the second horizontal actuator is connected with the loading rod through a second connecting valve block (8); and ball bearings are arranged at the contact parts of the first connecting valve block, the second connecting valve block and the loading rod so that the loading rod can freely slide up and down.
The rotary tables simulating wave loads in different loading directions and the rotary tables simulating wind loads in different loading directions are arranged at the fixed valve block (15) of the loading reaction frame from bottom to top; the fixed valve block (15) is arranged at the vertical sliding guide rail (17) and slides vertically under the control of the control system; the sliding guide rail is fixed at the loading reaction frame;
one end of the tension and compression sensor is connected with the horizontal sliding guide rail.
The control system realizes the simultaneous loading of the wind load and the wave load at any included angle and at any height by setting the heights and the rotating angles of the rotary discs simulating the wave load in different loading directions and the rotary discs simulating the wind load in different loading directions; the first horizontal actuator (5) simulates ocean wave load; the second horizontal actuator (6) simulates ocean wind load; the first horizontal actuator and the second horizontal actuator can work cooperatively or independently;
a universal spherical hinge (13) is arranged at the output end of the vertical actuator; the universal ball hinge is contacted with the loading rod (21) through the loading flat plate (14); the vertical actuator is arranged on the fixed vertical servo actuator lifting valve block (16) to adjust the height of the vertical actuator.
The horizontal actuator can realize displacement control type and load control type monotonic loading and cyclic loading, and the cyclic loading form can be a triangular waveform, a square waveform or a sine loading form;
the control system stores ocean wind load and wave load functions which can be used for the model test box;
the function calculation formula of the test system for simulating the ocean wind load system is
In the formula: rhoaIs the air density, /)PActual engineering offshore wind turbine blade length, UR-is the actual rated wind speed,
is the actual average wind speed, u-is the actual gusty wind speed, the circumferential ratio pi, lambda-is the ratio of the test model size to the prototype size, nPFundamental natural frequency of the prototype, nm-a model fundamental natural frequency;
the function calculation formula of the test system for simulating the wave load system is
In the formula: gamma-sea water gravity, CDDrag coefficient, CMCoefficient of inertia force, DPDiameter of oceanographic engineering structure, dPWater depth, HPWave height, T-wave period, k-wave number, T-time, λ -ratio of experimental model size to prototype size.
The model test box is vertically divided into 1 bottom ring model box and 2 standard ring model boxes, the bottom ring model box can be used independently, and the standard ring model boxes can be superposed to the bottom ring model box for use so as to meet the test requirements of foundation models with different scales and different heights; and the end part of each ring model box is welded with a flange plate for connecting each ring model box.
A ladder (19) is arranged at the rear side of the loading reaction frame.
The test system described above, the test method thereof comprises the following steps;
step A1, determining the diameter and the number of rings of a model test box according to the size of a test model, wherein the diameter of the model test box is at least larger than 5 times of the diameter or the side length of the test model, and the height of the model test box is at least larger than 2 times of the length of the test model;
and A2, moving the model test box to the middle position of the loading reaction frame, self-locking the universal wheels (2) at the bottom of the model test box, and fixing the model test box.
A3, paving a layer of gravel at the bottom of the model test box, wherein the paving height of the gravel layer is higher than a water outlet at the bottom of the model test box; a layer of geotextile is laid on the upper part of the gravel layer to serve as a reverse filter layer;
step A4, injecting water into the model test box to enable the final water level in the model test box to be lower than the top of the model test box and the distance to reach a preset value; then uniformly spreading sandy soil in the model test box, wherein the distance between the spreading height and the top surface of the model test box reaches a preset value; the distance between the height of the sand surface scattered into the model test box and the top surface of the model test box reaches a preset value;
step A5, starting a multidirectional complex combined loading system in the control system, and setting the loading heights, loading angles and loading positions of two horizontal servo actuators through operating software to ensure that the centers of the loading ends of the output ends of the two horizontal servo actuators are positioned on the same vertical line;
step A6, enabling a loading rod to penetrate through loading end heads of two horizontal servo actuators, and then connecting and fixing the loading rod with a basic model;
step A7, installing the basic model into sandy soil of the model test box by adopting a suction penetration or pressure penetration method;
and step A8, operating the control system to lower the vertical actuator to a certain height to ensure that the loading flat plate of the vertical servo actuator is contacted with the top surface of the loading rod. Then setting a vertical load value, and simulating the dead weight and the additional load value of the upper structure borne by the engineering foundation;
step A9, setting a test loading mode in the control system, wherein the loading mode can be wind load loading, wave load loading, and monotonic loading and cyclic loading under force control and displacement control; in addition, the horizontal servo actuators can be respectively arranged to rotate at a certain speed, so that a model test under the condition that the loading angle continuously changes is realized;
and step A10, setting model test loading parameters in the software of the control system according to the selected loading mode. The displacement control type monotonic loading needs to set parameters of loading speed and final displacement of an actuator;
the load control type monotonous loading needs to set parameters of loading rate and final output load;
the displacement control type cyclic loading needs to set parameters of loading initial displacement, loading amplitude, loading frequency and cyclic loading times;
the load control type cyclic loading needs to set parameters of a load initial value, a loading amplitude, a loading frequency and cyclic loading times;
the parameters required to be set for loading the wind load comprise a model test scale, air density, blade length of an offshore wind turbine and rated wind speed UPAverage wind speed, gusty wind speed uA prototype base natural frequency, a model base to prototype base size ratio;
parameters required to be set for wave load loading are the size ratio of a model foundation to a prototype foundation, the sea water gravity, the dragging force coefficient, the inertia force coefficient, the diameter of a marine structure, the water depth, the wave height, the wave period, the wave number and the t-time;
step A10, after the model test parameters are set, starting two horizontal actuators through software to carry out a model loading test; in the test process, the test system automatically records the displacement, the load, the loading angle and the cycle number of the two horizontal actuators, and stores data in the control system in real time, and in the step, the vertical actuators are started according to the requirement of the test to simulate the vertical load;
and step A12, after the test is finished, controlling the two horizontal actuators to return to the initial positions through the control system, and finishing the model test.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the instrument can truly simulate the long-term complex loading condition of the ocean engineering structure foundation under the conditions of any loading angle and continuous change of the loading angle of ocean wind and wave load. The loading system covers various complex load combinations in the field of current ocean engineering, and can be used for developing model test researches of foundation forms such as ocean platforms, deep sea net cages, offshore wind power generation suction foundations, pile foundation gravity foundations, power injection foundations and the like under the long-term multidirectional and direction-changing complex wind loads and wave loads.
In the invention, the calculation formulas of the model test simulation ocean wind load and the wave load are firstly proposed by the applicant, and the reliability of the calculation formulas is verified. And the cycle times of the simulated ocean wind load and the wave load are set in a computer control system.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and detailed description:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the rotation of the gear turntable under multidirectional loading of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-a model test chamber; 2-universal wheels; 3-a control system; 4-servo electric controller; 5-a first horizontal actuator; 6-a second horizontal actuator; 7-a first connecting valve block; 8-a second connecting valve block; 9-simulating rotary tables with wave loads in different loading directions; 10-simulating rotating discs with wind loads in different loading directions; 11-a first electric machine; 12-a second electric machine; 13-universal ball joint; 14-loading the plate; 15-fixing the valve block; 16-fixing a vertical servo actuator lift valve block; 17-a vertical sliding guide; 18-load reaction frame; 19-a ladder; 20-a vertical actuator; 21-load lever.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1-3, the marine foundation multidirectional loading test system for simulating wind-wave action can simulate wind-wave combined action, and comprises a control system 3, a servo electric controller 4, a loading reaction frame 18, a model test box 1 and a load simulation mechanism; the load simulation mechanism is arranged at the loading reaction frame and is connected with the control system and the servo electric controller, and the load simulation mechanism outputs simulation load to a basic model in the model test box through the load transmission mechanism so as to carry out a test; the load simulation mechanism comprises a vertical actuator 20 for simulating vertical load and a horizontal actuator for simulating ocean wind load and ocean wave load; the horizontal actuators comprise a first horizontal actuator 5 fixed at a rotary table 9 simulating wave load in different loading directions and a second horizontal actuator 6 fixed at a rotary table 10 simulating wind load in different loading directions; the rotary tables simulating wave loads in different loading directions and the rotary tables simulating wind loads in different loading directions can rotate in a horizontal plane, so that the horizontal actuator can simulate a loading mode in which wind loads and wave loads are not in the same direction and are not in the same plane and a loading mode in which the wind and wave loading directions are continuously changed.
The first horizontal actuator, the second horizontal actuator and the vertical actuator are all electro-hydraulic servo actuators; the rotary tables simulating wave loads in different loading directions and the rotary tables simulating wind loads in different loading directions are gear rotary tables; the rotary discs simulating wave loads in different loading directions rotate under the driving of a first motor (11); the rotary discs simulating wind loads in different loading directions rotate under the driving of a second motor (12); the force output of the first horizontal actuator is used for simulating wave load; the force output of the second horizontal actuator is used for simulating wind load; the force output of the vertical actuator is used to simulate vertical loads including self-weight.
The output ends of the first horizontal actuator and the second horizontal actuator are respectively provided with a tension and compression sensor; the load transmission mechanism comprises a loading rod 21; and magnetostrictive displacement sensors are arranged in the first horizontal actuator and the second horizontal actuator and are used for measuring the displacement of the actuators.
The first horizontal actuator is connected with the loading rod through a first connecting valve block 7; the second horizontal actuator is connected with the loading rod through a second connecting valve block 8; and ball bearings are arranged at the contact parts of the first connecting valve block, the second connecting valve block and the loading rod so that the loading rod can freely slide up and down.
The rotary tables simulating wave loads in different loading directions and the rotary tables simulating wind loads in different loading directions are arranged at the fixed valve block 15 of the loading reaction frame from bottom to top; the fixed valve block 15 is arranged at the vertical sliding guide rail 17 and slides vertically under the control of a control system; the sliding guide rail is fixed at the loading reaction frame;
one end of the tension and compression sensor is connected with the horizontal sliding guide rail.
The control system realizes the simultaneous loading of the wind load and the wave load at any included angle and at any height by setting the heights and the rotating angles of the rotary discs simulating the wave load in different loading directions and the rotary discs simulating the wind load in different loading directions; the first horizontal actuator 5 simulates ocean wave load; the second horizontal actuator 6 simulates ocean wind load; the first horizontal actuator and the second horizontal actuator can work cooperatively or independently;
a universal spherical hinge 13 is arranged at the output end of the vertical actuator; the universal ball hinge is contacted with the loading rod 21 through the loading flat plate 14; the vertical actuator is arranged at the lifting valve block 16 of the fixed vertical servo actuator to adjust the height of the vertical actuator.
The horizontal actuator can realize displacement control type and load control type monotonic loading and cyclic loading, and the cyclic loading form can be a triangular waveform, a square waveform or a sine loading form;
the control system stores ocean wind load and wave load functions which can be used for the model test box;
the function calculation formula of the test system for simulating the ocean wind load system is
In the formula: rhoaIs the air density, /)PActual engineering offshore wind turbine blade length, UR-is the actual rated wind speed,
is the actual average wind speed, u-is the actual gusty wind speed, the circumferential ratio pi, lambda-is the ratio of the test model size to the prototype size, nPFundamental natural frequency of the prototype, nm-a model fundamental natural frequency;
the function calculation formula of the test system for simulating the wave load system is
In the formula: gamma-sea water gravity, CDDrag coefficient, CMCoefficient of inertia force, DPDiameter of oceanographic engineering structure, dPWater depth, HP-wave height, T-wave period, k-wave number, T-interval, λ -ratio of test model size to prototype size.
The model test box is vertically divided into 1 bottom ring model box and 2 standard ring model boxes, the bottom ring model box can be used independently, and the standard ring model boxes can be superposed to the bottom ring model box for use so as to meet the test requirements of foundation models with different scales and different heights; and the end part of each ring model box is welded with a flange plate for connecting each ring model box.
A ladder 19 is arranged at the rear side of the loading reaction frame.
The test system described above, the test method thereof comprises the following steps;
step A1, determining the diameter and the number of rings of a model test box according to the size of a test model, wherein the diameter of the model test box is at least larger than 5 times of the diameter or the side length of the test model, and the height of the model test box is at least larger than 2 times of the length of the test model;
and A2, moving the model test box to the middle position of the loading reaction frame, self-locking the universal wheels 2 at the bottom of the model test box, and fixing the model test box.
A3, paving a layer of gravel at the bottom of the model test box, wherein the paving height of the gravel layer is higher than a water outlet at the bottom of the model test box; a layer of geotextile is laid on the upper part of the gravel layer to serve as a reverse filter layer;
step A4, injecting water into the model test box to enable the final water level in the model test box to be lower than the top of the model test box and the distance to reach a preset value; then uniformly spreading sandy soil in the model test box, wherein the distance between the spreading height and the top surface of the model test box reaches a preset value; the distance between the height of the sand surface scattered into the model test box and the top surface of the model test box reaches a preset value;
step A5, starting a multidirectional complex combined loading system in the control system, and setting the loading heights, loading angles and loading positions of two horizontal servo actuators through operating software to ensure that the centers of the loading ends of the output ends of the two horizontal servo actuators are positioned on the same vertical line;
step A6, enabling a loading rod to penetrate through loading end heads of two horizontal servo actuators, and then connecting and fixing the loading rod with a basic model;
step A7, installing the basic model into sandy soil of the model test box by adopting a suction penetration or pressure penetration method;
and step A8, operating the control system to lower the vertical actuator to a certain height to ensure that the loading flat plate of the vertical servo actuator is contacted with the top surface of the loading rod. Then setting a vertical load value, and simulating the dead weight and the additional load value of the upper structure borne by the engineering foundation;
step A9, setting a test loading mode in the control system, wherein the loading mode can be wind load loading, wave load loading, and monotonic loading and cyclic loading under force control and displacement control; in addition, the horizontal servo actuators can be respectively arranged to rotate at a certain speed, so that a model test under the condition that the loading angle continuously changes is realized;
and step A10, setting model test loading parameters in the software of the control system according to the selected loading mode. The displacement control type monotonic loading needs to set parameters of loading speed and final displacement of an actuator;
the load control type monotonous loading needs to set parameters of loading rate and final output load;
the displacement control type cyclic loading needs to set parameters of loading initial displacement, loading amplitude, loading frequency and cyclic loading times;
the load control type cyclic loading needs to set parameters of a load initial value, a loading amplitude, a loading frequency and cyclic loading times;
the parameters required to be set for loading the wind load comprise a model test scale, air density, blade length of an offshore wind turbine and rated wind speed UPAverage wind speed, gust wind speed u, prototype foundation natural frequency, model foundation natural frequency, and a size ratio of the model foundation to the prototype foundation;
parameters required to be set for wave load loading are the size ratio of a model foundation to a prototype foundation, the sea water gravity, the dragging force coefficient, the inertia force coefficient, the diameter of a marine structure, the water depth, the wave height, the wave period, the wave number and the t-time;
step A10, after the model test parameters are set, starting two horizontal actuators through software to carry out a model loading test; in the test process, the test system automatically records the displacement, the load, the loading angle and the cycle number of the two horizontal actuators, and stores data in the control system in real time, and in the step, the vertical actuators are started according to the requirement of the test to simulate the vertical load;
and step A12, after the test is finished, controlling the two horizontal actuators to return to the initial positions through the control system, and finishing the model test.
Example (b):
in this example, the test system includes two sets of stainless steel circular model test boxes 1, the diameters of which are 1.0m and 1.5m, respectively.
The model test box is divided into 3 rings, 1 bottom ring and 2 standard rings, and the heights of the bottom ring and the standard rings are both 0.5 m. The bottom ring model box can be used independently, and the standard ring can be superposed on the bottom ring for use so as to meet the test requirements of basic models with different scales and different heights. And a flange plate is welded at the end part of each ring model box and is used for connecting the ring model boxes. And the flange plate is grooved and provided with an O-shaped ring, so that the water tightness of the model box is ensured.
In this example; the reaction frame 18 has a height of 4 m. The loading reaction frame 18 is provided with two steel gear rotating discs (the rotating discs 9 simulating wave loads in different loading directions and the rotating discs 10 simulating wind loads in different loading directions) along the height direction, the diameters of the gear rotating discs (the rotating discs 9 simulating wave loads in different loading directions and the rotating discs 10 simulating wind loads in different loading directions) are 2m, the gear rotating discs (the rotating discs 9 simulating wave loads in different loading directions and the rotating discs 10 simulating wind loads in different loading directions) are connected with the reaction frame 18 through fixed valve blocks 15 and sliding guide rails 17, the gear rotating discs can move up and down in the vertical direction, and the maximum moving distance in the vertical direction is 2.5 m.
In the embodiment, the output ends of the first horizontal actuator and the second horizontal actuator are respectively provided with a tension and compression sensor, the tension and compression sensors can change the measuring ranges according to the model test requirements, and the measuring ranges comprise 0-100N, 0-500N, 0-2000N, 0-5000N and 0-10000N.
In this example, two upper and lower gear rotating discs (a rotating disc 9 simulating wave load in different loading directions and a rotating disc 10 simulating wind load in different loading directions) of the loading reaction frame are respectively provided with a horizontal electro-hydraulic servo actuator, namely a first horizontal actuator 5 and a second horizontal actuator 6. The horizontal electro-hydraulic servo actuators (a first horizontal actuator 5 and a second horizontal actuator 6) are connected with a servo electric controller 4 in the servo control cabinet; and the servo electric controller 4 is connected with the computer control system 3 to realize the transmission of loading instructions and test data. The lower horizontal electro-hydraulic servo actuator 5 is used for simulating ocean wave load, and the upper horizontal electro-hydraulic servo actuator 6 is used for simulating ocean wind load.
In this example, the two gear rotating discs (the rotating disc 9 simulating different loading directions of wave load and the rotating disc 10 simulating different loading directions of wind load) are controlled to rotate by driving motors (a first motor 11 and a second motor 12). The gear disc (the rotary disc 9 simulating wave load in different loading directions and the rotary disc 10 simulating wind load in different loading directions) can independently rotate to any angle in a clockwise or anticlockwise 360 degrees in a horizontal plane to stop, the rotating speed can be adjusted within the range of 1 degree/h-1440 degrees/h, and the rotating angle, the rotating speed and the rotating direction can be changed at any time in the test. The gear rotating discs (the rotating discs 9 simulating wave loads in different loading directions and the rotating discs 10 simulating wind loads in different loading directions) can also stop when rotating to a certain angle, and continue to rotate automatically after standing for a certain time, and the rotating angle and the standing time are set through the computer control system 3. By setting different rotation angles and different heights of the two gear turntables (the turntables 9 simulating wave loads in different loading directions and the turntables 10 simulating wind loads in different loading directions), the simultaneous loading of wind loads and wave loads at any included angle and at any height can be realized.
In this example, in step a4, the final water level in the model test chamber 1 is 15cm below the top of the model test chamber 1; when the sandy soil is uniformly spread into the model test box 1, the spreading height is 50cm from the top surface of the model test box 1, and the final sandy soil surface height in the model test box 1 is 10cm from the top surface of the model test box 1.
In this example, the calculation formulas of the model test simulation ocean wind load and the wave load are both provided by the applicant for the first time, and the reliability of the calculation formulas is verified. And the cycle times of the simulated ocean wind load and the wave load are set in a computer control system.
Claims (5)
1. A marine foundation multidirectional loading test system for simulating wind-wave action is used for simulating wind-wave combined action and is characterized in that: the test system comprises a control system (3), a servo electric controller, a loading reaction frame (18), a model test box (1) and a load simulation mechanism; the load simulation mechanism is arranged at the loading reaction frame and is connected with the control system and the servo electric controller, and the load simulation mechanism outputs simulation load to a basic model in the model test box through the load transmission mechanism so as to carry out a test; the load simulation mechanism comprises a vertical actuator (20) for simulating vertical load and a horizontal actuator for simulating ocean wind load and ocean wave load; the horizontal actuators comprise a first horizontal actuator (5) fixed at a rotary table (9) simulating wave loads in different loading directions and a second horizontal actuator (6) fixed at a rotary table (10) simulating wind loads in different loading directions; the rotary tables simulating wave loads in different loading directions and the rotary tables simulating wind loads in different loading directions rotate in a horizontal plane, so that the horizontal actuator simulates a loading mode that wind loads and wave loads are not in the same direction and are not in the same plane and a loading mode that the wind and wave loading directions continuously change;
the first horizontal actuator, the second horizontal actuator and the vertical actuator are all electro-hydraulic servo actuators; the rotary tables simulating wave loads in different loading directions and the rotary tables simulating wind loads in different loading directions are gear rotary tables; the rotary discs simulating wave loads in different loading directions rotate under the driving of a first motor (11); the rotary discs simulating wind loads in different loading directions rotate under the driving of a second motor (12); the force output of the first horizontal actuator is used for simulating wave load; the force output of the second horizontal actuator is used for simulating wind load; the force output of the vertical actuator is used for simulating vertical load including self weight;
the output ends of the first horizontal actuator and the second horizontal actuator are respectively provided with a tension and compression sensor; the load transmission mechanism comprises a loading rod (21); the first horizontal actuator and the second horizontal actuator are internally provided with magnetostrictive displacement sensors for measuring the displacement of the actuators;
the first horizontal actuator is connected with the loading rod through a first connecting valve block (7); the second horizontal actuator is connected with the loading rod through a second connecting valve block (8); ball bearings are arranged at the contact parts of the first connecting valve block, the second connecting valve block and the loading rod so that the loading rod can freely slide up and down;
the rotary tables simulating wave loads in different loading directions and the rotary tables simulating wind loads in different loading directions are arranged at the fixed valve block (15) of the loading reaction frame from bottom to top; the fixed valve block (15) is arranged at the vertical sliding guide rail (17) and slides vertically under the control of the control system; the sliding guide rail is fixed at the loading reaction frame; one end of the tension and compression sensor is connected with the horizontal sliding guide rail;
the control system realizes the simultaneous loading of the wind load and the wave load at any included angle and at any height by setting the heights and the rotating angles of the rotary discs simulating the wave load in different loading directions and the rotary discs simulating the wind load in different loading directions; the first horizontal actuator (5) simulates ocean wave load; the second horizontal actuator (6) simulates ocean wind load; the first horizontal actuator and the second horizontal actuator work in a cooperative operation mode or an independent operation mode;
a universal spherical hinge (13) is arranged at the output end of the vertical actuator; the universal ball hinge is contacted with the loading rod (21) through the loading flat plate (14); the vertical actuator is arranged on the fixed vertical servo actuator lifting valve block (16) to adjust the height of the vertical actuator.
2. The marine foundation multidirectional loading test system for simulating wind-wave action of claim 1, wherein: the horizontal actuator is used for realizing displacement control type and load control type monotonic loading and cyclic loading, and the cyclic loading form is a triangular waveform, a square waveform or a sine loading form;
the control system stores ocean wind load and wave load functions for the model test box;
the function calculation formula of the test system for simulating the ocean wind load system is
In the formula: rhoaIs the air density, /)PActual engineering offshore wind turbine blade length, UR-is the actual rated wind speed,
-actual average wind speed, u-actual gust wind speed, circumferential ratio pi, lambda-ratio of test model size to prototype size, nPFundamental natural frequency of the prototype, nm-a model fundamental natural frequency;
the function calculation formula of the test system for simulating the wave load system is
In the formula: gamma-sea water gravity, CDDrag coefficient, CMCoefficient of inertia force, DPDiameter of oceanographic engineering structure, dPWater depth, HPWave height, T-wave period, k-wave number, T-time, λ -ratio of experimental model size to prototype size.
3. The marine foundation multidirectional loading test system for simulating wind-wave action of claim 2, wherein: the model test box is divided into 1 bottom ring model box and 2 standard ring model boxes in the vertical direction, the use method of the bottom ring model boxes comprises single use, and the use method of the standard ring model boxes comprises overlapping the standard ring model boxes to the bottom ring model boxes for use so as to meet the test requirements of basic models with different scales and different heights; and the end part of each ring model box is welded with a flange plate for connecting each ring model box.
4. The marine foundation multidirectional loading test system for simulating wind-wave action of claim 1, wherein: a ladder (19) is arranged at the rear side of the loading reaction frame.
5. The test method of the marine foundation multidirectional loading test system for simulating the wind-wave action is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the testing system of claim 3, wherein the testing method comprises the steps of;
step A1, determining the diameter and the number of rings of a model test box according to the size of a test model, wherein the diameter of the model test box is at least larger than 5 times of the diameter or the side length of the test model, and the height of the model test box is at least larger than 2 times of the length of the test model;
a2, moving the model test box to the middle position of a loading reaction frame, self-locking a universal wheel (2) at the bottom of the model test box, and fixing the model test box;
a3, paving a layer of gravel layer at the bottom of the model test box, wherein the paving height of the gravel layer is higher than that of a water outlet at the bottom of the model test box; a layer of geotextile is laid on the upper part of the gravel layer to serve as a reverse filter layer;
step A4, injecting water into the model test box to enable the final water level in the model test box to be lower than the top of the model test box and the distance to reach a preset value; then uniformly spreading sandy soil in the model test box, wherein the distance between the spreading height and the top surface of the model test box reaches a preset value; the distance between the height of the sand surface scattered into the model test box and the top surface of the model test box reaches a preset value;
step A5, starting a multidirectional complex combined loading system in the control system, and setting the loading heights, loading angles and loading positions of two horizontal servo actuators through operating software to ensure that the centers of the loading ends of the output ends of the two horizontal servo actuators are positioned on the same vertical line;
step A6, enabling a loading rod to penetrate through loading end heads of two horizontal servo actuators, and then connecting and fixing the loading rod with a basic model;
step A7, installing the basic model into sandy soil of the model test box by adopting a suction penetration or pressure penetration method;
step A8, operating a control system, and lowering the vertical actuator to a certain height to ensure that the loading flat plate of the vertical servo actuator is contacted with the top surface of the loading rod; then setting a vertical load value, and simulating the dead weight and the additional load value of the upper structure borne by the engineering foundation;
step A9, setting a test loading mode in the control system, wherein the setting of the loading mode comprises wind load loading or wave load loading, and monotonic loading and cyclic loading under force control and displacement control; in addition, the horizontal servo actuators can also be respectively arranged to rotate at a certain speed, so that a model test under the condition of continuous change of the loading angle is realized;
step A10, setting model test loading parameters in software of a control system according to a selected loading mode; the displacement control type monotonic loading needs to set parameters of loading speed and final displacement of an actuator;
the load control type monotonous loading needs to set parameters of loading rate and final output load;
the displacement control type cyclic loading needs to set parameters of loading initial displacement, loading amplitude, loading frequency and cyclic loading times;
the load control type cyclic loading needs to set parameters of a load initial value, a loading amplitude, a loading frequency and cyclic loading times;
the parameters required to be set for loading the wind load comprise a model test scale, air density, blade length of an offshore wind turbine and rated wind speed UPAverage wind speed, gust wind speed u, prototype foundation natural frequency, model foundation natural frequency, and a size ratio of the model foundation to the prototype foundation;
parameters required to be set for wave load loading are the size ratio of a model foundation to a prototype foundation, the sea water gravity, the dragging force coefficient, the inertia force coefficient, the diameter of a marine structure, the water depth, the wave height, the wave period, the wave number and the t-time;
step A10, after the model test parameters are set, starting two horizontal actuators through software to carry out a model loading test; in the test process, the test system automatically records the displacement, the load, the loading angle and the cycle number of the two horizontal actuators, and stores data in the control system in real time, and in the step, the vertical actuators are started according to the test requirement to simulate the vertical load;
and step A12, after the test is finished, controlling the two horizontal actuators to return to the initial positions through the control system, and finishing the model test.
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