CN110436967B - Silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer produced by using low-grade potassium feldspar and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer produced by using low-grade potassium feldspar and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a technology for producing a silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer by using potassium feldspar, in particular to a silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer produced by using low-grade potassium feldspar and a preparation method thereofThe method is carried out. The raw materials for preparing the silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer comprise low-grade potassium feldspar and limestone, wherein the low-grade potassium feldspar and the limestone are matched according to the condition that the molar ratio of the intermediate phase Ca to the Si of a sintering product is controlled to be 0.8-1.2. The preparation method of the silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer comprises the following steps: firstly, adding low-grade potassium feldspar and limestone according to a calculated mass ratio, uniformly mixing, and then sequentially crushing, grinding, calcining in a rotary kiln, cooling by a cooler, crushing and grinding the mixture to finally obtain the silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer; the invention can effectively utilize the low-grade potash feldspar ore widely distributed in China, controls the Ca/Si molar ratio of the intermediate phase of the sintering product through scientific proportioning, ensures higher potassium conversion rate, and controls Na2O content, and avoids the formation of hydraulic products such as dicalcium silicate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a technology for producing a silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer by using potassium feldspar, and particularly relates to a silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer produced by using low-grade potassium feldspar and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The water-soluble potassium resource in China is deficient, the consumption of the potassium fertilizer required by agricultural production cannot be met, and the potassium fertilizer needs to be imported from foreign countries. The potash feldspar serves as the most abundant water-insoluble potassium resource in China, and if the potash feldspar can be developed and utilized, the problem of shortage of potassium resources in China can be relieved to a great extent. Since potassium in potassium feldspar is not water-soluble and can hardly be directly absorbed by plants, how to convert the water-insoluble potassium into effective potassium which can be absorbed by plants is a key content of research in the field.
General K2The potassium feldspar with O content more than 9.0 percent can meet the industrial utilization requirement, and the potassium feldspar is called as high-grade potassium feldspar in the industrial field. At present, the main processes for producing the silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer by using the potassium feldspar comprise a calcination method, a hydrothermal method and the like, and the high-grade potassium feldspar is mainly used. Potash feldspar mineral resources in China are widely distributed, but due to geological structure and other reasons, potash feldspar in many areas in south ChinaLow level of mineral, K2The content of O is less than or equal to 9.0 percent, the industrial utilization value is low, and the serious waste of mineral resources is caused. The low-grade potassium feldspar has the characteristics of low potassium, high sodium and high silicon, and if a conventional high-grade potassium ore batching and production mode is simply adopted, the conversion efficiency of potassium is low, and the content of potassium capable of being used as crops is low; and easily generate high sodium (Na)2O content > 2.0%), which may aggravate soil salinization and may negatively affect crop growth; and hydraulic products such as dicalcium silicate and the like are easily generated due to improper ingredients, and the soil is hardened and hardened after fertilization.
Therefore, how to scientifically and efficiently utilize rich low-grade potassium feldspar resources has important practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer produced by using low-grade potassium feldspar and a preparation method thereof for solving the technical problems in the known technology, can effectively utilize the low-grade potassium feldspar ore widely distributed in China, controls the molar ratio of Ca/Si of a sintering product mesophase through scientific proportioning, ensures higher potassium conversion rate, and controls Na2O content, and avoids the formation of hydraulic products such as dicalcium silicate.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
the raw materials for preparing the silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer comprise low-grade potassium feldspar and limestone, wherein the low-grade potassium feldspar and the limestone are proportioned by controlling the molar ratio of mesophase Ca/Si of a sintering product to be 0.8-1.2;
the molar ratio of the sintered product mesophase Ca/Si is defined as: during the calcination process, the sintered product is nepheline KNa3(AlSiO4)4]Kaliophilite (KAlSiO)4) Calcium-aluminium-yellow feldspar (Ca)2Al2SiO7) Leucite (KAlSi)2O6) Jadeite (NaAlSi)2O6) After mineral calculation, the free CaO and SiO remain2The molar ratio of (a) to (b).
Further, K in the low-grade potassium feldspar2The content of O is 5.0 percent～9.0％，Na2The content of O is less than or equal to 3.5 percent.
Further, the mass ratio of the low-grade potassium feldspar to the limestone is (55-45) - (45-55).
Further, the effective potassium (K) in the finished product of the silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer2Calculated by O) is 3.5 to 5.2 percent, and the potassium conversion rate is more than 83 percent; available sodium (as Na)2Calculated by O) is less than 2 percent.
Furthermore, the preparation method of the silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer comprises the following steps: firstly, adding low-grade potassium feldspar and limestone according to a calculated mass ratio, uniformly mixing, and then sequentially crushing, grinding, calcining in a rotary kiln, cooling by a cooler, crushing and grinding the mixture to finally obtain the silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer; wherein the temperature of a burning zone in the rotary kiln calcining procedure is 1200-1350 ℃, and the retention time of materials in the kiln is 20-60 minutes; the cooler cools to the temperature below the ambient temperature of +65 ℃, and the raw materials and the finished fertilizer products are ground into powder with 80 mu m and the screen residue is less than 10 percent.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
1. according to the invention, the silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer is prepared by taking the low-grade potash feldspar ore as the raw material, so that the low-grade potash feldspar ore widely distributed in China can be effectively utilized, the raw material selection range is increased, and the range is enlarged for the site selection of the raw material ore area; the dependence on potassium resource import is reduced, and the cost is reduced;
2. the method for preparing the silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer by taking the low-grade potash feldspar ore as the raw material ensures higher potassium conversion rate through scientific and reasonable proportioning, and can control Na2The content of O, hydraulic products such as dicalcium silicate and the like are avoided, and the safety of the finished fertilizer is ensured.
Detailed Description
First, it should be noted that the preparation method, features, advantages and the like of the present invention will be specifically described below by way of examples, however, all the descriptions are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as forming any limitation on the present invention. Furthermore, any individual technical features described or implicit in the embodiments mentioned herein may still be continued in any combination or subtraction between these technical features (or their equivalents) to obtain still further embodiments of the invention that may not be mentioned directly herein.
The invention discloses a silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer produced by using low-grade potassium feldspar, which comprises the following raw materials of low-grade potassium feldspar and limestone; k in the low-grade potassium feldspar2The mass content of O is 5.0-9.0%; na (Na)2The mass content of O is less than or equal to 3.5 percent. The theoretical proportion calculation method of the low-grade potassium feldspar and the limestone comprises the following steps: the sintered product is calculated by nepheline, kaliophilite, calcium-aluminum yellow feldspar, white garnet, jadeite and other phases, and the residual free CaO and SiO2The molar ratio of (A) to (B), namely the molar ratio of the intermediate phase Ca to Si of the sintering product is 0.8-1.2; preferably, the molar ratio of the intermediate phase Ca/Si of the sintering product is 0.9-1.1.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, adding low-grade potassium feldspar and limestone according to a calculated mass ratio, uniformly mixing, and then sequentially crushing, grinding, calcining in a rotary kiln, cooling by a cooler, crushing and grinding the mixture to finally obtain the silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer; wherein the temperature of a burning zone in the rotary kiln calcining procedure is 1200-1350 ℃, and the retention time of materials in the kiln is 30-60 minutes; the cooler cools to the temperature below the ambient temperature of +65 ℃, and the raw materials and the finished fertilizer products are ground into powder with 80 mu m and the screen residue is less than 10 percent.
The invention explains the preparation method of the silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer by three examples:
example 1:
k in potassium feldspar2O content 8.96%, Na2The O content was 2.59%.
In the theoretical proportion calculation, after the sintered product is calculated by nepheline, kaliophilite, calcium-aluminum yellow feldspar, white garnet, jadeite and other phases, the residual free CaO and SiO2The molar ratio of the components (A) to (B), namely the molar ratio of Ca/Si of the intermediate phase of the sintering product is 0.8, and the mass percentage of the obtained potassium feldspar to the limestone is 55: 45.
550kg of low-grade potassium feldspar and 450kg of limestone are added in proportion and are uniformly mixed in a mixer, and the mass contents of the raw materials and the clinker are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 Mass% of each component in the mixture of potassium feldspar and limestone (%)
| L.O.I | SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | CaO | MgO | K2O | Na2O | Total | |
| Raw material | 19.62 | 40.31 | 8.09 | 0.24 | 23.91 | 0.79 | 5.00 | 1.43 | 99.39 |
| Clinker | / | 50.15 | 10.06 | 0.30 | 29.75 | 0.99 | 6.22 | 1.78 | 99.25 |
And sequentially crushing, grinding, calcining in a rotary kiln, cooling by a cooler, crushing and grinding the mixture to obtain the silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer. Wherein the temperature of a burning zone in the rotary kiln calcining procedure is 1250-1300 ℃, and the retention time of materials in the kiln is 40-60 minutes; the cooler cools to the temperature below the ambient temperature of +65 ℃, and the raw materials and the finished fertilizer products are ground into powder with 80 mu m and the screen residue is less than 10 percent. The crushing process equipment can be the crusher which is mature in application at present, and the grinding process equipment can be the ball mill or the roller press or the corresponding mature equipment at present, so that the detailed description is omitted.
Detecting effective components of the finished product of the silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer according to the Standard NY/T2273 of Ministry of agriculture, and collecting effective potassium (K)2Calculated as O) 5.2 percent, the potassium conversion rate is 83 percent, and simultaneously, the effective sodium (calculated as Na) can be absorbed by plants2Calculated by O), the mass content is 1.4 percent, and the use requirement of the fertilizer is met.
Carrying out XRD detection on the finished silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer, wherein the main phases are leucite, kaliophilite, nepheline, gehlenite and beta-wollastonite, and the finished silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer does not contain components harmful to soil.
Example 2:
k in potassium feldspar2O content 6.58% and Na2The O content was 3.5%.
Theoretical ratioIn the calculation, after the sintered product is calculated by nepheline, kaliophilite, calcium-aluminum yellow feldspar, leucite, jadeite and other phases, the residual free CaO and SiO2The molar ratio of the components (A) to (B), namely the molar ratio of Ca/Si of the intermediate phase of the sintering product is 1.2, and the mass percent of the obtained potassium feldspar to the limestone is 45.5: 54.5.
455kg of low-grade potassium feldspar and 545kg of limestone are added according to the proportion and are uniformly mixed in a mixer, and the mass contents of each component of the raw material and the clinker are shown in the following table 2:
TABLE 2 Mass% of each component in the mixture of potassium feldspar and limestone (%)
| L.O.I | SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | CaO | MgO | K2O | Na2O | Total | |
| Raw material | 24.05 | 32.45 | 7.98 | 0.34 | 28.92 | 0.91 | 3.08 | 1.60 | 99.34 |
| Clinker | / | 42.72 | 10.51 | 0.45 | 38.08 | 1.20 | 4.06 | 2.10 | 99.13 |
And sequentially crushing, grinding, calcining in a rotary kiln, cooling by a cooler, crushing and grinding the mixture to obtain the silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer. Wherein the burning zone temperature in the rotary kiln calcining procedure is 1230-1280 ℃, and the retention time of the materials in the kiln is 30-50 minutes; cooling to the temperature of +65 ℃ by a cooling machine, and grinding the raw materials and the finished fertilizer products to 80 mu m with the screen residue less than 10%;
detecting effective components of the finished product of the silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer according to the Standard NY/T2273 of Ministry of agriculture, and collecting effective potassium (K)2Calculated as O) content of 3.6 percent, potassium conversion rate of 88 percent and available sodium (calculated as Na) capable of being absorbed by plants2Calculated by O), the mass content is 1.7 percent, and the use requirement of the fertilizer is met.
The finished product of the silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer is subjected to XRD detection, and the main phases of the finished product are kaliophilite, nepheline, gehlenite and alpha-wollastonite, and the finished product does not contain components harmful to soil.
Example 3:
k in potassium feldspar2O content 6.58% and Na2The O content was 3.5%.
In the theoretical proportion calculation, after the sintered product is calculated by nepheline, kaliophilite, calcium-aluminum yellow feldspar, white garnet, jadeite and other phases, the residual free CaO and SiO2The molar ratio of the components (A) to (B), namely the molar ratio of Ca/Si of the intermediate phase of the sintering product is 1.0, and the mass percent of the obtained potassium feldspar to the limestone is 49.41: 50.59.
494.1kg of low-grade potassium feldspar and 505.9kg of limestone are added in proportion and are uniformly mixed in a mixer, and the mass contents of the raw materials and the clinker are shown in the following table 3:
TABLE 3 Mass content (%)
| L.O.I | SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | CaO | MgO | K2O | Na2O | Total | |
| Raw material | 22.42 | 35.15 | 8.61 | 0.35 | 26.86 | 0.86 | 3.33 | 1.73 | 99.32 |
| Clinker | / | 45.31 | 11.09 | 0.46 | 34.62 | 1.11 | 4.30 | 2.24 | 99.12 |
And sequentially crushing, grinding, calcining in a rotary kiln, cooling by a cooler, crushing and grinding the mixture to obtain the silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer. Wherein the burning zone temperature in the rotary kiln calcining procedure is 1230-1280 ℃, and the retention time of the materials in the kiln is 30-50 minutes; the cooler cools to the temperature below the ambient temperature of +65 ℃, and the raw materials and the finished fertilizer products are ground into powder with 80 mu m and the screen residue is less than 10 percent.
Detecting effective components of the finished product of the silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer according to the Standard NY/T2273 of Ministry of agriculture, and collecting effective potassium (K)2Calculated as O) content of 4.2 percent, the potassium conversion rate reaches 97 percent, and simultaneously, the effective sodium (calculated as Na) can be absorbed by plants2Calculated by O), the mass content is 1.9 percent, and the use requirement of the fertilizer is met.
The finished product of the silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer is subjected to XRD detection, and the main phases of the finished product are kaliophilite, nepheline, gehlenite and beta-wollastonite, and the finished product does not contain components harmful to soil.
By combining the above examples, aiming at the low-grade potassium feldspar with the characteristics of low potassium, high sodium, high silicon and the like, the scientific proportioning can ensure higher potassium conversion rate (more than 83 percent) and control Na2O content (< 2%); controlling the molar ratio of Ca/Si of the intermediate phase of the sintering product to be within the range of 0.8-1.2, and controlling free CaO and SiO in the reaction material2Ratio of (A) to (B), control of Na2The content of O can effectively avoid the generation of hydraulic products such as dicalcium silicate and the like, and the safety of the finished fertilizer product is ensured.
The invention is simultaneously suitable for proportioning low-grade potassium feldspar and limestone, low-grade potassium feldspar and dolomite, and low-grade potassium feldspar and limestone and dolomite, and preparing mineral fertilizers such as silicon fertilizer, silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer, potassium-calcium fertilizer, potassium-silicon fertilizer and the like and derivative products thereof.
The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above examples, but the description is only for the preferred examples of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer produced by using low-grade potassium feldspar is characterized in that: the raw materials for preparing the silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer comprise low-grade potassium feldspar and limestone, wherein the low-grade potassium feldspar and the limestone are matched according to the condition that the molar ratio of the intermediate phase Ca to the Si of a sintering product is controlled to be 0.8-1.2;
the molar ratio of the sintered product mesophase Ca/Si is defined as: during calcination, the sintered product was made up of the following minerals: after the calculation of nepheline, kaliophilite, gehlenite, leucite and jadeite, the residual free CaO and SiO2The molar ratio of (a) to (b).
2. The method of claim 1 using low-grade potassiumThe silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer produced by feldspar is characterized in that: k in the low-grade potassium feldspar2The content of O is 5.0 to 9.0 percent, and Na is2The content of O is less than or equal to 3.5 percent.
3. The silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer produced by using the low-grade potassium feldspar according to claim 1, wherein the silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the mass ratio of the low-grade potassium feldspar to the limestone is (55-45) to (45-55).
4. The silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer produced by using the low-grade potassium feldspar according to claim 3, wherein the silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: with K2The mass content of the effective potassium in the finished product of the silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer is 3.5-5.2% by weight calculated as O, and the potassium conversion rate is more than 83%; with Na2And (4) the mass content of the effective sodium in the finished product of the silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer is less than 2 percent by O.
5. A method for preparing a silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by comprising the following steps: firstly, adding low-grade potassium feldspar and limestone according to a calculated mass ratio, uniformly mixing, and then sequentially crushing, grinding, calcining in a rotary kiln, cooling by a cooler, crushing and grinding the mixture to finally obtain the silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer; wherein the temperature of a burning zone in the rotary kiln calcining procedure is 1200-1350 ℃, and the retention time of materials in the kiln is 20-60 minutes; the cooler cools to the temperature below the ambient temperature of +65 ℃, and the raw materials and the finished fertilizer products are ground into powder with 80 mu m and the screen residue is less than 10 percent.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1084842A (en) * | 1992-09-28 | 1994-04-06 | 贵州大学 | A kind of novel method of producing potash-lime fertilizer |
| CN101544518A (en) * | 2009-05-11 | 2009-09-30 | 贵州西洋肥业有限公司 | Method for producing potassium-calcium fertilizer by using potassium feldspar, limestone and phosphogypsum |
| CN102557050A (en) * | 2011-12-20 | 2012-07-11 | 昆明冶金研究院 | New process for comprehensively utilizing potassium feldspar |
| CN103739341A (en) * | 2014-01-14 | 2014-04-23 | 天津水泥工业设计研究院有限公司 | Production process and equipment of silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1084842A (en) * | 1992-09-28 | 1994-04-06 | 贵州大学 | A kind of novel method of producing potash-lime fertilizer |
| CN101544518A (en) * | 2009-05-11 | 2009-09-30 | 贵州西洋肥业有限公司 | Method for producing potassium-calcium fertilizer by using potassium feldspar, limestone and phosphogypsum |
| CN102557050A (en) * | 2011-12-20 | 2012-07-11 | 昆明冶金研究院 | New process for comprehensively utilizing potassium feldspar |
| CN103739341A (en) * | 2014-01-14 | 2014-04-23 | 天津水泥工业设计研究院有限公司 | Production process and equipment of silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer |
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