CN110436862B - Heat-insulating sound-insulating lime slurry building decoration material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Heat-insulating sound-insulating lime slurry building decoration material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110436862B CN110436862B CN201910624257.7A CN201910624257A CN110436862B CN 110436862 B CN110436862 B CN 110436862B CN 201910624257 A CN201910624257 A CN 201910624257A CN 110436862 B CN110436862 B CN 110436862B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/10—Lime cements or magnesium oxide cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/34—Non-shrinking or non-cracking materials
- C04B2111/343—Crack resistant materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/40—Porous or lightweight materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/52—Sound-insulating materials
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of building materials, and discloses a heat-insulating and sound-insulating lime slurry building decoration material and a preparation method thereof. The invention takes hydrated lime, heavy calcium carbonate, hollow fiber and hollow glass microsphere as main raw materials, the hollow fiber is pretreated and added into lime slurry premix, and then the heat-insulating and sound-insulating lime slurry building decoration material with various excellent performances of different materials is obtained under the double-screw extrusion process; by controlling a quicklime curing process, reasonably selecting the proportion of the heavy calcium carbonate and the calcium bicarbonate and carrying out extrusion molding by virtue of a double-screw extruder, the composition among materials is effectively increased, and the problem that the traditional lime building material is easy to crack is solved; the hollow fiber and the hollow glass microsphere are added to reduce heat conduction and increase the heat insulation performance of the building decoration material; meanwhile, the viscosity is improved and the internal friction is increased by means of plasma treatment or chemical treatment of a coupling agent, so that the sound insulation function is provided for the building decoration material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of building materials, and particularly relates to a heat-insulating and sound-insulating lime slurry building decoration material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The building heat-insulating material is used for reducing heat loss from indoor to outdoor environment of a building, can effectively reduce air conditioning load and air conditioning energy consumption of the building, and is an important component for constructing an energy-saving building and implementing energy-saving reconstruction.
The heat conduction refers to a heat transfer phenomenon occurring due to direct contact of an object with heat, and is performed by thermal movement of microscopic particles of a substance itself. The heat conduction between solid and liquid is performed by the movement of free electrons or the vibration of molecules and atoms near the equilibrium position, and the heat conduction between gas and liquid is performed by the mutual collision when the molecules move thermally. Thermal convection is the heat exchange of a fluid in contact with a solid wall, including natural convection and forced convection. The former is caused by uneven heat density caused by uneven cooling and heating of fluid, and the latter is caused by fluid movement caused by external factors such as a water pump, a fan and the like. Thermal radiation refers to the conversion of absorbed thermal energy into radiant energy by an object. Any object has the property of absorbing or emitting radiation energy. Insulation refers to materials that have significant resistance to heat flow, and materials that control the transfer of heat from the outside to the inside are often referred to as insulation. The heat insulating material is generally a light material containing many closed pores inside, and since the thermal conductivity of the closed air is very low, the thermal conductivity of the material itself naturally containing many pores is also very low, and a material having a thermal conductivity of less than 0.14W/(m · K) is generally called a heat insulating material.
When the sound wave encounters a uniform barrier (such as a wooden board, a metal plate, a wall, etc.) in the propagation path, due to the change of dielectric impedance, a part of the sound energy is reflected back by the barrier, and another part of the sound energy is absorbed by the barrier, so that only a part of the sound energy can be radiated to another space through the barrier. The phenomenon of acoustic energy reduction caused by barriers is called sound insulation, and barriers with sound insulation capability are called sound insulation structures or sound insulation members. The absorption of sound energy is the result of the viscosity and internal friction of the sound-absorbing material under the vibration of sound waves. Because the vibration speeds of the particles are different when the sound wave is transmitted, the viscous force or the internal friction force of the interaction is generated between the adjacent particles, thereby converting the sound energy into the heat energy. This condition works most strongly at the media interface, where viscous effects are dominant; when sound is transmitted to the surface of the material, a part of sound energy is reflected, and the magnitude of the reflected energy reflects the sound insulation performance. At present, noise is serious environmental pollution in building construction, and therefore a proper sound insulation material needs to be selected during construction engineering so as to ensure that the house has good noise prevention effect. The material sound insulation aims at the size of transmitted sound energy on the other side of an incident sound source, and aims at reducing the transmitted sound energy and blocking the transmission of sound.
The traditional lime building material has the problems of easy cracking, single performance, short service life and the like, meanwhile, the heat insulation performance of the material is poor, the heat loss from the indoor environment to the outdoor environment of a building is large, and the sound insulation performance is uneven, so that the building noise problem caused by the material is generally paid attention and paid attention by people in all fields.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention aims at providing a preparation method of a heat-insulating and sound-insulating lime slurry building decoration material, which aims to solve the problems of easy cracking, single performance, short service life and the like of the traditional lime building material, and simultaneously solves the problems of poor heat-insulating performance of the material, large heat loss from the interior of a building to the exterior environment, uneven sound-insulating performance and the like.
The invention also aims to provide a heat-insulating and sound-insulating lime slurry building decoration material prepared by the method.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a heat-insulating and sound-insulating lime slurry building decoration material comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) curing: crushing and sieving quicklime, removing coarse particles and impurities, placing the crushed quicklime and the impurities in a reaction tank, adding 3-6 times of water by weight, uniformly stirring, and curing for 36-48 hours to obtain slaked lime slurry; carrying out stable reaction separation operation on the slaked lime slurry, controlling the stable reaction temperature to be 50-75 ℃, and separating upper saturated lime water and precipitated lime paste for later use;
(2) hollow fiber pretreatment: carrying out plasma treatment or chemical treatment by using a coupling agent on the hollow fiber to obtain a pretreated hollow fiber, adding part of the saturated lime water obtained in the step (1), heating, stirring, homogenizing and then carrying out heat preservation treatment to obtain a hollow fiber cured material;
(3) blending heavy calcium carbonate and calcium bicarbonate: weighing 5-30 wt% of heavy calcium carbonate and 2-10 wt% of calcium bicarbonate in the quicklime, mixing in a dry state, adding into the residual saturated limewater in the step (1), and stirring to obtain a lime slurry premix;
(4) high-speed vacuum mixing: putting the hollow fiber slaked material obtained in the step (2) and the lime slurry premix obtained in the step (3) into a high-speed mixer, adding hollow glass microspheres, uniformly mixing, vacuumizing, preserving heat and maintaining pressure for 6-18 hours to obtain mixed slurry;
(5) aging: and (4) extruding the mixed slurry obtained in the step (4) through a double-screw extruder, and preserving heat for 20-40 days at the temperature of 20-50 ℃ to obtain the heat and sound insulation lime slurry building decoration material.
Compared with the prior art, the heat-insulating and sound-insulating lime slurry building decoration material has the advantages that the heat-insulating property of the material is improved by pretreating the hollow fibers, the heat-insulating and sound-insulating function is provided by means of plasma treatment or coupling agent chemical treatment, and the heat-insulating and sound-insulating lime slurry building decoration material with excellent performances of various materials is obtained under a double-screw extrusion process.
Preferably, the hollow fiber material in step (2) is modified polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol, low-melting point nylon, low-melting point polyester, a blend of modified polypropylene and polyolefin elastomer, or a blend of modified polypropylene and EVA elastomer. According to different plasma treatment methods or coupling agent chemical treatment methods, a proper hollow fiber material is selected, so that the pretreatment efficiency is effectively improved, and the sound insulation performance is improved.
Preferably, the melting point of the hollow fiber in the step (2) is 60-215 ℃, and the hollow rate is 5-40%; the hollow fiber is in a short fiber or crimped fiber state, and when the short fiber is selected, the fiber length is 3-50 mm; when crimped fibers are selected, the fibers are in the shape of Z-fibers, S-fibers, or helical fibers. According to the quicklime curing condition and the lime slurry premix ratio, the hollow fiber with proper physical parameters is selected to improve the heat insulation performance of the material.
Preferably, the atmosphere of the plasma treatment in the step (2) uses at least one of oxygen-containing element gas, nitrogen-containing element gas, halogen-containing gas and inert gas; the processing vacuum degree of the plasma processing is 5-30 Pa, and the processing time is 10 s-10 min; the kind of the coupling agent is at least one of silane, titanate, aluminate and macromolecular surfactant. The viscosity is improved and the internal friction is increased through plasma treatment or chemical treatment of a coupling agent, so that a good sound insulation function is provided for the material.
Preferably, the heating and stirring temperature in the step (2) is 40-60 ℃, and the heat preservation treatment refers to heat preservation at 40 ℃ for 6-10 hours.
Preferably, the diameter of the hollow glass microspheres in the step (4) is 0.5-10 μm, and the addition amount of the hollow glass microspheres is 2-30% of the mass of the mixed slurry. The hollow glass microspheres can provide closed air holes with low thermal coefficient for the material, and further reduce the heat conduction.
A heat-insulating and sound-insulating lime slurry building decoration material is prepared by the method.
Furthermore, the heat and sound insulation lime slurry building decoration material has the sound insulation amount of 20-30 dB, can reduce the temperature by 1.5-4.5 ℃ under a heat insulation box test method, and is not easy to crack when in use.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) by controlling the quicklime slaking process, reasonably selecting the proportion of the heavy calcium carbonate and the calcium bicarbonate and extruding and molding by virtue of a double-screw extruder, the composition between materials is effectively increased, and the problem that the traditional lime building material is easy to crack is solved.
(2) The hollow fibers and the hollow glass microspheres are added to provide a large number of closed air holes with low thermal conductivity, so that the heat conduction is reduced, and the heat insulation performance of the building decoration material is improved; meanwhile, the viscosity is improved and the internal friction is increased by means of plasma treatment or chemical treatment of a coupling agent, so that the sound insulation function is provided for the building decoration material.
(3) The double-screw extrusion can complete multi-layer composite molding of materials in one process, and most of multi-layer co-extruded composite materials do not need adhesives, so that the composite material has the characteristics of simple production process, high production efficiency and low cost, and has excellent properties of various different materials.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Example 1
(1) Curing: crushing quicklime, sieving, removing coarse particles and impurities to obtain particles with calcium oxide content of 90% and fineness of 200 meshes, adding 3.0 times of deionized water by weight into a reaction tank, stirring by using an anchor stirrer at a stirring speed of 40r/min, accurately controlling the whole reaction temperature to be 75 ℃, aging for more than 36 hours, standing for layering to obtain upper saturated lime water and lower slaked lime slurry.
(2) Hollow fiber pretreatment: under the conditions that the vacuum degree is 5Pa and the processing time is 10min, carrying out plasma pretreatment on the modified polypropylene and EVA elastomer blend hollow short fiber (melting point: 215 ℃, hollow rate: 40% and fiber length: 3mm) by using inert gas to obtain pretreated hollow fiber, adding part of the saturated lime water described in the step (1), heating to 40 ℃, stirring for homogenization, and preserving heat at 40 ℃ for 10 hours to obtain the hollow fiber cured material.
(3) Blending heavy calcium carbonate and calcium bicarbonate: weighing 5% of heavy calcium carbonate (1000 meshes, purity 85%) and 2% of calcium bicarbonate (1000 meshes, purity 90%) in parts by weight of quicklime, mixing in a dry state, uniformly adding the mixture into the rest saturated limewater in 5 batches, and stirring strongly to obtain a lime slurry premix.
(4) High-speed vacuum mixing: and (3) placing the hollow fiber slaking material in the step (2) and the lime slurry premix in the step (3) into a high-speed mixer, adding 2% of hollow glass microspheres (the diameter: 0.5um), mixing at a high speed, vacuumizing, and preserving heat and pressure for 18 hours to obtain mixed slurry.
(5) Aging: and (4) slightly stirring the slurry obtained in the step (4) at the temperature of 30 ℃ at the interval of 2 hours, stirring at the speed of 5r/min, and preserving heat for 20 days to obtain the heat and sound insulation lime slurry building decoration material.
The heat-insulating and sound-insulating lime slurry building decoration material obtained by the embodiment has the sound insulating amount of 30dB, can reduce the temperature by 4.5 ℃ under a heat-insulating box test method, is not easy to crack in use, and has good service performance.
Example 2
(1) Curing: crushing quicklime, sieving, removing coarse particles and impurities to obtain particles with calcium oxide content of 90% and fineness of 200 meshes, adding 6.0 times of deionized water by weight into a reaction tank, stirring by using an anchor stirrer at a stirring speed of 40r/min, accurately controlling the whole reaction temperature to 50 ℃, aging for more than 48 hours, standing for layering to obtain upper saturated lime water and lower slaked lime slurry.
(2) Hollow fiber pretreatment: under the conditions of vacuum degree of 30Pa and treatment time of 10s, carrying out plasma pretreatment on polyvinyl alcohol hollow spiral fibers (melting point: 60 ℃ and hollow rate: 5%) by using oxygen-containing element gas to obtain pretreated hollow fibers, adding part of the saturated limewater in the step (1), heating to 60 ℃, stirring and homogenizing, and then preserving heat at 40 ℃ for 6 hours to obtain a hollow fiber cured material.
(3) Blending heavy calcium carbonate and calcium bicarbonate: weighing 30 percent of heavy calcium carbonate (1000 meshes, purity 85 percent) and 10 percent of calcium bicarbonate (1000 meshes, purity 90 percent) by weight of quicklime, mixing in a dry state, uniformly adding into the rest saturated limewater by 4 batches, and stirring strongly to obtain lime slurry premix.
(4) High-speed vacuum mixing: and (3) placing the hollow fiber slaking material in the step (2) and the lime slurry premix in the step (3) into a high-speed mixer, adding 30% of hollow glass microspheres (the diameter is 10 microns), mixing at a high speed, vacuumizing, and keeping the temperature and pressure for 6 hours to obtain mixed slurry.
(5) Aging: and (4) slightly stirring the slurry obtained in the step (4) at 20 ℃ at intervals of 2 hours at a stirring speed of 5r/min, and preserving heat for 40 days to obtain the heat and sound insulation lime slurry building decoration material.
The heat-insulating and sound-insulating lime slurry building decoration material obtained by the embodiment has the sound insulating amount reaching 20dB, can reduce the temperature by 1.5 ℃ under a heat-insulating box test method, is not easy to crack in use, and has good service performance.
Example 3
(1) Curing: crushing quicklime, sieving, removing coarse particles and impurities to obtain particles with calcium oxide content of 90% and fineness of 200 meshes, adding 5.0 times of deionized water by weight into a reaction tank, stirring by using an anchor stirrer at a stirring speed of 40r/min, accurately controlling the whole reaction temperature to be less than 50 ℃, aging for more than 40 hours, standing and layering to obtain upper saturated lime water and lower slaked lime slurry.
(2) Hollow fiber pretreatment: under the conditions that the vacuum degree is 15Pa and the processing time is 5min, silane coupling agent is used for carrying out coupling agent chemical pretreatment on hollow Z-shaped fibers (melting point: 100 ℃ and hollow rate: 20%) of the modified polypropylene and polyolefin elastomer blend to obtain pretreated hollow fibers, part of upper layer saturated limewater in the step (1) is added, the temperature is raised to 50 ℃, the mixture is stirred and homogenized, and the temperature is kept at 40 ℃ for 6 hours to obtain a hollow fiber cured material.
(3) Blending heavy calcium carbonate and calcium bicarbonate: weighing 10% of heavy calcium carbonate (1000 meshes, purity 85%) and 5% of calcium bicarbonate (1000 meshes, purity 90%) in parts by weight of quicklime, mixing in a dry state, uniformly adding into the rest saturated limewater in 4 batches, and stirring strongly to obtain a lime slurry premix.
(4) High-speed vacuum mixing: and (3) placing the hollow fiber slaking material in the step (2) and the lime slurry premix in the step (3) into a high-speed mixer, adding 30% of hollow glass microspheres (the diameter is 10 mu m), mixing at a high speed, vacuumizing, and keeping the temperature and pressure for 10 hours to obtain mixed slurry.
(5) Aging: and (4) slightly stirring the slurry obtained in the step (4) at 50 ℃ at intervals of 2 hours, stirring at the speed of 5r/min, and preserving heat for 25 days to obtain the heat and sound insulation lime slurry building decoration material.
The heat-insulating and sound-insulating lime slurry building decoration material obtained by the embodiment has the sound insulating amount of 25dB, can reduce the temperature by 3.5 ℃ under a heat-insulating box test method, is not easy to crack in use, and has good service performance.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of a heat-insulating and sound-insulating lime slurry building decoration material is characterized by comprising the following preparation steps:
(1) curing: crushing and sieving quicklime, removing coarse particles and impurities, placing the crushed quicklime and the impurities in a reaction tank, adding 3-6 times of water by weight, uniformly stirring, and curing for 36-48 hours to obtain slaked lime slurry; carrying out stable reaction separation operation on the slaked lime slurry, controlling the stable reaction temperature to be 50-75 ℃, and separating upper saturated lime water and precipitated lime paste for later use;
(2) hollow fiber pretreatment: carrying out plasma treatment or chemical treatment by using a coupling agent on the hollow fiber to obtain a pretreated hollow fiber, adding part of the saturated lime water obtained in the step (1), heating, stirring, homogenizing and then carrying out heat preservation treatment to obtain a hollow fiber cured material;
(3) blending heavy calcium carbonate and calcium bicarbonate: weighing 5-30 wt% of heavy calcium carbonate and 2-10 wt% of calcium bicarbonate in quick lime, mixing in a dry state, adding into the residual saturated lime water in the step (1), and stirring to obtain a lime slurry premix;
(4) high-speed vacuum mixing: putting the hollow fiber slaked material obtained in the step (2) and the lime slurry premix obtained in the step (3) into a high-speed mixer, adding hollow glass microspheres, uniformly mixing, vacuumizing, preserving heat and maintaining pressure for 6-18 hours to obtain mixed slurry;
(5) aging: extruding the mixed slurry obtained in the step (4) through a double-screw extruder, and preserving heat for 20-40 days at 20-50 ℃ to obtain a heat-insulating and sound-insulating lime slurry building decoration material;
the hollow fiber material in the step (2) is modified polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol, low-melting point nylon, low-melting point polyester, a blend of modified polypropylene and polyolefin elastomer or a blend of modified polypropylene and EVA elastomer.
2. The method for preparing a heat and sound insulation lime mud building decoration material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), the melting point of the hollow fiber is 60-215 ℃, and the hollow rate is 5-40%; the hollow fiber is in a short fiber or crimped fiber state, and the fiber length of the short fiber is 3-50 mm;
the fiber shape of the crimped fiber is Z-shaped fiber, S-shaped fiber or spiral fiber.
3. The method for preparing a heat and sound insulation lime mud building decoration material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the atmosphere of the plasma treatment in the step (2) is at least one of oxygen-containing element gas, nitrogen-containing element gas, halogen-containing gas and inert gas; the processing vacuum degree of the plasma processing is 5-30 Pa, and the processing time is 10 s-10 min; the kind of the coupling agent is at least one of silane, titanate and aluminate.
4. The method for preparing a heat and sound insulation lime mud building decoration material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the heating and stirring temperature in the step (2) is 40-60 ℃, and the heat preservation treatment refers to heat preservation at 40 ℃ for 6-10 hours.
5. The method for preparing a heat and sound insulation lime mud building decoration material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the diameter of the hollow glass microspheres in the step (4) is 0.5-10 mu m, and the addition amount of the hollow glass microspheres is 2% -30% of the mass of the mixed slurry.
6. The heat-insulating and sound-insulating lime slurry building and decoration material is characterized in that: prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 5.
7. The heat and sound insulation lime mud building decoration material of claim 6, wherein: the heat and sound insulation lime slurry building decoration material has the sound insulation amount of 20-30 dB, and the temperature can be reduced by 1.5-4.5 ℃ under a heat insulation box test method.
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