CN110434507B - 一种用于海洋工程的水下增材修复金属丝材 - Google Patents
一种用于海洋工程的水下增材修复金属丝材 Download PDFInfo
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- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
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- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
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- B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于海洋工程的水下增材修复金属丝材，该丝材的化学成分按质量百分比表示为：C 0.08～0.15％,Si 0.4～0.5％,Mn 1.6～2.0％,S≤0.03％,P≤0.03％,Cu 0.35～0.50％,Mo 0.22～0.30％,V 0.1～0.14％,Ni1.75～2.0％,Cr 0.4～0.45％，Ti 0.001～0.0013％，N 0.01～0.013％，B 0.01～0.02％，余量为Fe和微量其它杂质(如氧O、锡Sn等)。本发明可用于水下0～60米水深下钢结构的水下局部干法增材修复激光熔敷或电弧焊接，熔敷金属成形好，力学性能优良。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及增材修复用材料技术领域，尤其涉及一种可用于690MPa级海洋工程钢水下增材修复激光熔敷或电弧焊接用的金属丝材及其激光熔敷或焊接工艺。
背景技术
随着海洋资源的大规模开发利用，各种海洋工程结构(如码头、船舶、采油平台、管道等)大量建造和使用。由于海水腐蚀、海洋应力作用、外力撞击等造成海洋结构物意外损坏的情况也不时发生。因此，海洋工程结构受损后原位快速水下增材修复技术的应用也日益广泛。
海洋结构物承受的应力较大，特别是深海资源开发的推进，需要的海洋工程用钢向高强度、高低温韧性、易焊接(可大线能量焊接)的方向发展。如钻井平台的桩腿结构，齿条板、半圆板和无缝支撑管等部位要求钢材的屈服强度达到690MPa，且对低温冲击韧性也要求极为苛刻。而这些高强度钢结构一旦损坏，需要相应级别的金属丝材来进行水下增材修复。因此，亟待开发出一种690MPa级海洋工程水下增材修复激光熔敷或电弧焊接用的金属丝材。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题，本发明的目的是提供一种用于海洋工程的水下增材修复金属丝材，该金属丝材能在0～60米深的水下用作690MPa级别钢结构的增材修复激光熔敷或电弧焊接的填充材料，其熔敷金属的力学性能达到690MPa级钢结构修复的要求。
本发明的目的通过以下的技术方案来实现：
一种用于海洋工程的水下增材修复金属丝材，包括：所述金属丝材适用于屈服强度为小于或等于690Mpa级海洋工程钢水下局部干法增材修复激光熔敷或电弧焊接；所述金属丝材材质包括：碳C、硅Si、锰Mn、硫S、磷P、铬Cr、钼Mo、铜Cu、钒V、镍Ni、钛Ti、氮N、硼B和铁Fe；所述丝材的化学成分按质量百分比表示为：C 0.08～0.15％,Si 0.4～0.5％,Mn 1.6～2.0％,S≤0.03％,P≤0.03％,Cu 0.35～0.50％,Mo 0.22～0.30％,V 0.1～0.14％,Ni1.75～2.0％,Cr 0.4～0.45％，Ti 0.001～0.0013％，N 0.01～0.013％，B 0.01～0.02％，余量为Fe、氧O、锡Sn。
与现有技术相比，本发明的一个或多个实施例可以具有如下优点：
本发明可用于水下0～60米深的结构物的局部干法激光熔敷或电弧焊接，熔敷金属成形好，气孔率低，力学性能好。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细的描述。
所述金属丝材适用于屈服强度为小于或等于690Mpa级海洋工程钢水下局部干法增材修复激光熔敷或电弧焊接；所述金属丝材材质包括：碳C、硅Si、锰Mn、硫S、磷P、铬Cr、钼Mo、铜Cu、钒V、镍Ni、钛Ti、氮N、硼B和铁Fe；所述丝材的化学成分按质量百分比表示为：C0.08～0.15％,Si 0.4～0.5％,Mn 1.6～2.0％,S≤0.03％,P≤0.03％,Cu 0.35～0.50％,Mo 0.22～0.30％,V 0.1～0.14％,Ni 1.75～2.0％,Cr 0.4～0.45％，Ti 0.001～0.0013％，N 0.01～0.013％，B 0.01～0.02％，余量为Fe和微量其它杂质(如氧O、锡Sn等)。
上述丝材的化学成分按质量百分比表示进一步优选为：C 0.12％,Si 0.4～0.5％,Mn 1.8％,S≤0.03％,P≤0.03％,Cu 0.42％,Mo 0.26％,V 0.12％,Ni 1.85％,Cr0.42％，Ti 0.0012％，N 0.012％，B 0.01～0.02％，余量为Fe和微量其它杂质(如氧O、锡Sn等)。
本实施例提供的金属实心丝材通过冶炼、轧制、热处理和拉拔工艺制备。
采用本发明金属实心丝材激光熔敷或电弧焊接的熔敷金属性能如下：抗拉强度Rm为750～920MPa；屈服强度Rp0.2为690～735MPa；断面收缩率Z为45～66％；-40℃的冲击吸收功Akv为42～74J。
所述金属实心丝材中各元素的作用如下：
C可提高熔敷金属抗拉强度，但也增加了熔敷金属的淬硬性，易产生裂纹，降低韧性，如果丝材中的碳含量超过0.2％，熔敷金属的抗拉强度就会过高，韧性就会很低，也有可能导致产生热裂纹。故本金属实心丝材碳含量范围选择为0.08～0.15％。
Si是一种脱氧剂，使熔敷金属脱氧。硅增加了熔敷金属的粘度，对调整熔敷焊道成形也有帮助。硅对B向熔敷金属过渡有促进作用。如果金属实心丝材中硅的含量低于0.4％，硅的脱氧作用不够，熔敷金属中容易产生气孔，熔敷金属成形不佳。如果硅的含量超过1.10％，熔敷金属韧性会下降。故本金属实心丝材Si含量范围选择为0.4～0.5％。
Mn也是一种脱氧剂，增加了熔敷金属的硬化能力，提高熔敷金属的抗拉强度和韧性。锰也同硅一样，对B向熔敷金属的过渡有促进作用。如果金属实心丝材中锰的含量低于0.55％，熔敷强度不够，同时脱氧效果不好，熔敷金属中容易生成气孔，熔敷金属成形不佳，无法形成足够的TiN来细化铁素体，同时B向熔敷金属中过渡不足，晶粒粗大，熔敷金属韧性降低。另一方面，如果Mn含量超过2.0％，则熔敷金属成形不好，熔敷金属强度过高，韧性降低。故本金属实心丝材Mn含量范围选择为1.6～2.0％。
Cr是一种重要成分，可提高熔敷金属的抗拉强度。Cr含量可根据熔敷金属的要求作适当调整。另一方面,如果Cr含量超过2.4％，则熔敷金属的抗拉强度过高和韧性过低。故本金属实心丝材Cr含量范围选择为0.4～0.45％。
Mo的作用类似Cr，可提高熔敷金属的抗拉强度。钼的作用是抵抗熔敷金属的回火软化和防止焊后热处理中熔敷金属抗拉强度的降低。如果Mo含量低于0.20％，熔敷金属的抗拉强度不够。另一方面,如果Mo含量超过1.30％，熔敷金属的抗拉强度过高和韧性降低。故本金属实心丝材Mo含量范围选择为0.22～0.30％。
Cu能提高熔敷金属在低pH值环境下的耐腐蚀性，如H2SO4或硫化氢腐蚀，必要时可与其他元素(如V)一起加入焊接材料中。当Cu含量大于2.0％时，会降低熔敷金属的韧性。故本金属实心丝材Cu含量范围选择为0.35～0.50％,
Ni可提高熔敷金属的低温冲击韧性，降低韧脆转变温度。为了保证熔敷金属具有一定的塑韧性，故本金属实心丝材Ni含量范围选择为1.75～2.0％。
V与铌相似，能与C结合在熔敷金属中沉淀，并在焊后热处理过程中限制碳原子的迁移，防止形成条状铁素体。但如果钒含量超过0.15％时会大大降低熔敷金属韧性。钒的氧化物可换算为相应的钒含量。故本金属实心丝材V含量范围选择为0.1～0.14％。
金属实心丝材中S和P的含量将降低熔敷金属的低温冲击韧性，故本金属实心丝材的S、P含量较低，选择为S≤0.03％,P≤0.03％。
N能与Ti结合生成TiN，TiN可抑制熔敷金属中的条状铁素体。氮的作用是以氮化物的形式使Ti固化,从而提高熔敷金属的韧性。如果氮含量低于0.005％，抑制条状铁素体的作用不大，因为没有形成氮化物以及不能降低固溶的Ti,导致熔敷金属的韧性很低。另一方面,如果金属丝材氮的含量超过0.035％，熔敷金属的韧性降低，这是由于固溶的N增加，容易形成气孔，并造成熔渣流动性恶化。故本金属实心丝材N含量范围选择为0.01～0.013％。
B的作用是细化熔敷金属的微观组织，提高熔敷金属韧性。如果B含量低于0.001％，不能有效提高熔敷金属韧性。另一方面,如果B含量超过0.020％，熔敷金属容易产生热裂纹。
本发明还提供使用上述金属实心丝材的激光熔敷或电弧焊接工艺。激光熔敷功率为2-8kW，采用氩气保护，具体熔敷工艺如表1所示：
表1 690MPa级金属实心丝材水下局部干法激光熔敷参数
电弧焊接工艺，具体步骤如下：设置热输入为5～9kJ/cm，采用气体保护焊方法在待修复工件上进行堆焊，保护气体为90％Ar+10％CO2的混合气体，第一道焊接的预热温度为100℃，层间温度为100℃，具体焊接参数如表2所示：
表2 690MPa级金属实心丝材水下局部干法焊接参数
实施例
实施例1、实施例2根据表3的金属实心丝材的化学成分进行冶炼，对熔炼好的钢锭轧制成盘条，再进行热处理、拉拔，最终获得直径1.2mm的金属实心丝材。
表3 金属丝材的化学成分(质量百分数)
分别采用上述2中金属实心丝材(实施例1、实施例2)，进行了60米水深局部干法激光熔敷和电弧焊接。激光熔敷工艺参数如下表所示：
表4 实施例1和2的水下局部干法激光熔敷参数
实施例1、实施例2的电弧焊接热输入为6kJ/cm，层间温度100℃。
本发明实施例1、实施例2的激光熔敷和电弧焊接的熔敷金属力学性能如下表5所示：
表5 实施例1的熔敷金属硬度及力学性能
表6 实施例2的熔敷金属硬度及力学性能
虽然本发明所揭露的实施方式如上，但所述的内容只是为了便于理解本发明而采用的实施方式，并非用以限定本发明。任何本发明所属技术领域内的技术人员，在不脱离本发明所揭露的精神和范围的前提下，可以在实施的形式上及细节上作任何的修改与变化，但本发明的专利保护范围，仍须以所附的权利要求书所界定的范围为准。
Claims (3)
1.一种用于海洋工程的水下增材修复金属丝材，其特征在于，所述金属丝材适用于屈服强度为小于或等于690Mpa级海洋工程钢水下局部干法增材修复激光熔敷或电弧焊接；所述金属丝材材质包括：碳C、硅Si、锰Mn、硫S、磷P、铬Cr、钼Mo、铜Cu、钒V、镍Ni、钛Ti、氮N、硼B和铁Fe；所述丝材的化学成分按质量百分比表示为：C 0.08~0.15%, Si 0.4~0.5%, Mn 1.6~2.0%, S ≤0.03%, P ≤0.03%, Cu 0.35~0.50%, Mo 0.22~0.30%, V 0.1~0.14%, Ni1.75~2.0%, Cr 0.4~0.45%，Ti 0.001~0.0013%，N 0.01~0.013%，B 0.01~0.02%，余量为Fe和微量其它杂质氧O、锡Sn。
2.如权利要求1所述的用于海洋工程的水下增材修复金属丝材，其特征在于，所述丝材的化学成分按质量百分比表示为：C 0.12%, Si 0.4~0.5%, Mn 1.8%, S ≤0.03%, P ≤0.03%, Cu 0.42%, Mo 0.26%, V 0.12%, Ni 1.85 %, Cr 0.42%，Ti 0.0012%，N 0.012%，B0.01~0.02%，余量为Fe和微量其它杂质氧O、锡Sn。
3.如权利要求1所述的用于海洋工程的水下增材修复金属丝材，其特征在于，所述金属丝材通过熔炼、轧制、热处理和拉拔工艺制备。
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