CN110432479B - 速冻肉馅类食品的稳定剂组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
速冻肉馅类食品的稳定剂组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A23L29/206—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents of vegetable origin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明涉及速冻食品领域,具体涉及一种用于速冻肉馅类食品的稳定剂组合物及其制备方法。本发明的稳定剂组合物通过将沙蒿胶和酪蛋白酸钠复配使用可以防止含肉馅食品在速冻过程中脱水、改善肉馅的保水性、粘结性、保持肉馅成分稳定,本发明还涉及包含该稳定剂组合物的含肉馅食品。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及速冻食品领域,具体涉及一种用于速冻肉馅类食品的稳定剂组合物。该稳定剂组合物可以防止含肉馅食品在速冻过程中脱水、改善肉馅的保水性、粘结性、保持肉馅成分稳定,本发明还涉及包含该稳定剂组合物的含肉馅食品。
背景技术
速冻肉馅类食品,如速冻水饺、速冻包子、速冻烧麦、速冻馅饼、速冻披萨等一直都是受到消费者喜爱的方便食品,有广阔的市场份额。然而,速冻食品的馅料,尤其是以猪肉、牛肉、鸡肉等肉类为馅料的速冻食品,经冷冻后经常出现失水、浸油、稳定性变差、皮馅分离、口感粗糙等问题,严重影响速冻肉馅类食品的口味。
另外,对于连锁类餐饮公司来说,一般以地区级市场为模块,通过直营中心一级配送半成品和原材料,辐射模块市场的特许加盟店和线上客户。为确保肉馅配料及其它半成品的新鲜度和食品卫生标准,同样需要通过速冻以及冷链配送,这样也不可避免的容易出现上述类似现象。
这种现象的发生主要原因是速冻引起的馅料中水油分离,以及长期储存导致的肉馅中脂肪自身分解。一般而言,这种现象常通过添加稳定剂和增稠剂来解决,常用的如食用胶体类稳定剂,明胶、琼脂、阿拉伯胶、果胶、藻胶等,但是,这些天然胶质通常粘度较高,会给馅料带来胶质的味道。其他的稳定剂,还可以选择一些表面活性剂,如单硬脂酸甘油酯、蔗糖脂肪酸酯、琥珀酸单甘油酯等,以及一些纤维素类增稠剂,如羧甲基纤维素,微晶纤维素等,但是,表面活性剂或纤维素类成分不能实现抑制脱水和改善保水性的作用。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种速冻肉馅类食品的稳定剂,可以有效防止速冻肉馅类食品脱水、浸油,具有改善保水性,增稠和保持速冻肉馅类食品的口感的效果。
沙蒿胶是一种亲水胶体,有很强的吸水溶胀能力,有很好的保水性、成膜性及乳化性,在食品工业中可用于稳定剂和增稠剂。本发明发现通过将沙蒿胶和酪蛋白酸钠复配使用,对速冻肉馅类食品有很好的保水性和稳定性,两者复配使用的保水效果产生了协同作用。在冷冻后仍能够保持肉馅的形态,防治脱水、浸油等现象的发生,保持速冻肉馅类食品良好的口感。进一步的,通过本发明特殊的低温酸性条件下溶胀,受控升温,缓慢水合的制备工艺,使本申请的稳定剂获得了更强的保水性和稳定性。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种用于速冻肉馅类食品的稳定剂组合物,其由沙蒿胶10-15份,酪蛋白酸钠2-4份,淀粉或其衍生物2-3份,动物或植物甾醇2-3份,水100份和适量的酸制成,所述酸作为pH调节剂使所述稳定剂的pH为约1.5-5.0。
其中所述沙蒿胶的量为12份,所述酪蛋白酸钠的量为3份。
其中所述淀粉或其衍生物选自玉米淀粉、改性淀粉、预交化淀粉、辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠,优选辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠。
其中所述动物或植物甾醇选自胆甾醇、谷甾醇或豆甾醇,优选胆甾醇。
所述pH调节剂选自冰醋酸、柠檬酸、乳酸、盐酸、硫酸、或磷酸的水溶液,优选乳酸水溶液。
一种用于速冻肉馅类食品的稳定剂组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)在5℃至15℃之间的温度下将100份水中加入足够量的酸,将水的pH值调至约1.5-3,然后依次加入处方量的沙蒿胶、酪蛋白酸钠、淀粉或其衍生物,形成酸性凝胶状含水浆液,在该温度下搅拌10-15分钟,使沙蒿胶、酪蛋白酸钠和淀粉或其衍生物充分溶胀;
(2)缓慢加热步骤(1)的浆液至30℃至50℃,并将浆液在该温度下搅拌15至30分钟,直到沙蒿胶、酪蛋白酸钠和淀粉或其衍生物完全水合,转变成澄清溶液;
(3)接下来将浆液加热至65℃至80℃之间,加入动物或植物甾醇搅拌均匀,并进一步调节pH值到4.0-5.0,得到稳定剂的混合溶液,使用常规方法干燥所述混合溶液,得到稳定剂组合物。
其中,步骤(1)中调节pH值至1.5,步骤(3)中调节pH值至4.5。
所述干燥方法采用喷雾干燥法,滚筒干燥法,托盘干燥法,烘箱干燥法和冷冻干燥法,所述干燥后的稳定剂组合物的含水量约5-10%。
所述方法还包括将步骤(3)获得的稳定剂组合物粉碎的步骤,将所述组合物粉碎至30-40目的颗粒,以便加入肉馅中使用。
一种速冻肉馅类食品,含前述的稳定剂组合物。所述速冻肉馅类食品可以是馄饨、饺子、包子、烧麦、馅饼、披萨饼等。
对于速冻肉馅类食品来说,所述稳定剂组合物可以和肉馅单独混合,也可以和其他调料配合使用,使用方式可不受限制。具体来说,当新鲜肉类经绞肉机制备成肉馅后,可以选择直接添加稳定剂组合物,或者和调味料组合物(例如,食用盐、味精、鸡精、酱油生抽和白砂糖等)一起添加;然后制备成速冻肉馅类食品或者作为半成品配送到制定区域。
有益效果
由于采用了上述技术方案,本发明具有以下的有益效果:
沙蒿胶与酪蛋白酸钠配合使用,能够显著增加肉馅类食品的抗冻性,冷冻的肉馅在融化后仍然可以保持好的保水性,并且与单独使用沙蒿胶或酪蛋白酸钠其中的一种相比,两者配合使用对保水性的保持产生了协同作用。由于馄饨、饺子、包子、烧麦、馅饼等含肉馅的食品,如果肉馅中水分过高,会导致包馅困难,进一步加入淀粉或淀粉衍生物后,增加了馅料的粘性,使馅料易于包入面皮中。此外,进一步加入动物或植物甾醇类成分,还可以增加馅料的稳定性,在储存过程中减少浸油现象的发生。
本申请特殊的制备工艺进一步保证了速冻肉馅类食品在反复冻融过程中的保水性和稳定性。本申请的制备方法通过在5℃至15℃低温和pH值1.5-2.5的酸性条件下使沙蒿胶和酪蛋白酸钠缓慢水合,实现沙蒿胶和酪蛋白酸钠的充分吸水膨胀。而后缓慢升高温度至30℃至50℃,使其完全水合,并形成澄清透明的溶液,从而增加沙蒿胶和酪蛋白酸钠稳定馅料中水、油、脂肪的能力。效果试验表明,相比于在30℃至50℃下直接加热水合,这种低温水合、缓慢加热的方法,所得到的稳定剂的保水性更强。优选在水合步骤中进一步使用淀粉或淀粉衍生物,淀粉或淀粉衍生物与沙蒿胶和酪蛋白酸钠一起水合,还可以增加稳定剂的粘性,最后加热水合后的澄清溶液至65℃至80℃,并加入动植物甾醇类乳化剂成分使稳定剂有更高的储存稳定性。
具体实施方式
在下文中更详细地描述了本发明以有助于对本发明的理解。
实施例1
一种速冻肉馅类食品稳定剂,由以下重量份的原料制成:沙蒿胶12份,酪蛋白酸钠3份,辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠2份,胆甾醇2份,水100份,乳酸适量,调节所述稳定剂的pH至1.5-5.0。
制备方法如下:首先将100份水与适量的乳酸混合在10℃下将pH调节至1.5,然后将12份沙蒿胶、3份酪蛋白酸钠、2份辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠加入溶液中搅拌15分钟,使沙蒿胶、酪蛋白酸钠和辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠充分吸水溶胀。再缓慢升温至45℃,并搅拌20分钟,使沙蒿胶、酪蛋白酸钠和辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠完全水合,转变成澄清透明溶液。然后进一步加热溶液至75℃,并加入2份胆甾醇,搅拌均匀,调节pH值至4.5。将溶液喷雾干燥至含水量5-10%,研磨粉碎至30-40目的颗粒,即得。
实施例2
一种速冻肉馅类食品稳定剂,由以下重量份的原料制成:沙蒿胶10份,酪蛋白酸钠2份,预交化淀粉2份,胆甾醇3份,水100份,乳酸适量,调节所述稳定剂的pH为1.5-5.0。
制备方法如下:首先将100份水与适量的乳酸混合在10℃下将pH调节至1.5,然后将10份沙蒿胶、2份酪蛋白酸钠、2份预交化淀粉加入溶液中搅拌15分钟,使沙蒿胶、酪蛋白酸钠和预交化淀粉充分吸水溶胀。再缓慢升温至40℃,并搅拌25分钟,使沙蒿胶、酪蛋白酸钠和预交化淀粉完全水合,转变成澄清透明溶液。然后进一步加热溶液至70℃,并加入2份胆甾醇,搅拌均匀,调节pH值至5.0。将溶液喷雾干燥至含水量5-10%,研磨粉碎至30-40目的颗粒,即得。
实施例3
一种速冻肉馅类食品稳定剂,由以下重量份的原料制成:沙蒿胶15份,酪蛋白酸钠4份,玉米淀粉3份,胆甾醇2份,水100份,乳酸适量,调节所述稳定剂的pH为1.5-5.0。
制备方法如下:首先将100份水与适量的乳酸混合在10℃下将pH调节至1.5,然后将15份沙蒿胶、4份酪蛋白酸钠、3份玉米淀粉加入溶液中搅拌15分钟,使沙蒿胶、酪蛋白酸钠和玉米淀粉充分吸水溶胀。再缓慢升温至50℃,并搅拌30分钟,使沙蒿胶、酪蛋白酸钠和玉米淀粉全完水合,转变成澄清透明溶液。然后进一步加热溶液至80℃,并加入2份胆甾醇,搅拌均匀,调节pH值至5.0。将溶液喷雾干燥至含水量5-10%,研磨粉碎至30-40目的颗粒,即得。
对比例1
首先将100份水与适量的乳酸混合在10℃下将pH调节至1.5,然后将12份沙蒿胶、3份酪蛋白酸钠加入溶液中搅拌15分钟,使沙蒿胶、酪蛋白酸钠充分吸水溶胀。再缓慢升温至45℃,并搅拌20分钟,使沙蒿胶、酪蛋白酸钠完全水合,转变成澄清透明溶液。然后进一步加热溶液至75℃,并调节pH值至4.5。将溶液喷雾干燥至含水量5-10%,研磨粉碎至30-40目的颗粒,即得。
对比例2
首先将100份水与适量的乳酸混合在10℃下将pH调节至1.5,然后将12份沙蒿胶加入溶液中搅拌15分钟,使沙蒿胶充分吸水溶胀。再缓慢升温至45℃,并搅拌20分钟,使沙蒿胶完全水合,转变成澄清透明溶液。然后进一步加热溶液至75℃,并调节pH值至4.5。将溶液喷雾干燥至含水量5-10%,研磨粉碎至30-40目的颗粒,即得。
对比例3
首先将100份水与适量的乳酸混合在10℃下将pH调节至1.5,然后将3份酪蛋白酸钠加入溶液中搅拌15分钟,使酪蛋白酸钠充分吸水溶胀。再缓慢升温至45℃,并搅拌20分钟,使酪蛋白酸钠完全水合,并转变成澄清透明溶液。然后进一步加热溶液至75℃,并调节pH值至4.5。将溶液喷雾干燥至含水量5-10%,研磨粉碎至30-40目的颗粒,即得。
对比例4-6
按照对比例1的制备方法,将沙蒿胶替换成明胶(对比例4)、海藻酸钠(对比例5)、壳聚糖(对比例6)。
对比例7-9
按照实施例1的组方和方法制备,将pH调节剂分别替换为磷酸(对比例7),柠檬酸(对比例8),冰醋酸(对比例9)。
对比例10
按照实施例1的处方,所述制备方法如下:将100份水与适量的乳酸混合在室温下将pH调节至1.5,然后将12份沙蒿胶、3份酪蛋白酸钠、2份辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠加入溶液中,并加热至45℃,搅拌20分钟,使沙蒿胶、酪蛋白酸钠和辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠充分吸水溶胀至完全水合,转变成澄清透明溶液。然后进一步加热溶液至75℃,并加入2份胆甾醇,搅拌均匀,调节pH值至4.5。将溶液喷雾干燥至含水量5-10%,研磨粉碎至30-40目的颗粒,即得。
效果例1
取新鲜的猪肉,除去可见的脂肪、筋键和结缔组织,切块,用绞肉机(模板孔径φ5mm)绞成肉馅,分成若干份,每份100g,备用。
取其中7份肉馅,分别加入占肉馅质量1%(1g)的对比例1-6的稳定剂搅拌均匀(样品1-6),第7份不加稳定剂(样品7),再补充蒸馏水使肉馅混合体系总质量达到115g,然后将肉馅分装于聚乙烯袋中,再放入冰箱冷冻室,-25℃冷冻24小时。取出后,室温下解冻,检测样品的保水性。
保水性的检测方法,保水性的检测参照Perez-Mateo方法,采用离心法测定肉馅的保水性。称取约0.5g肉馅,治愈离心管中,称重后,在离心机中于2000rmp条件下离心10min,再次称重,并按照下式计算保水性(WHC)值。每组重复3次。
结果表明见表1
表1
**与样品7相比,p<0.01,*与样品7相比,p<0.05,▲与样品7相比,p>0.05,★与样品2相比p<0.05,◆与样品4、样品5、样品6相比p<0.05。
从表1的结果可知,单独添加酪蛋白酸钠的稳定剂,对肉馅的保水性没有显著改变(p>0.05),单独添加沙蒿胶的稳定剂,使肉馅的保水性显著增加(p<0.05),当沙蒿胶和酪蛋白酸钠以4:1的比例复配使用时,能够进一步增加肉馅的保水性(p<0.01),并且与单独使用沙蒿胶的稳定剂相比,保水性的增加有显著性差异(p<0.05),使用等量明胶、海藻酸钠或壳聚糖代替沙蒿胶与酪蛋白酸钠复配同样能够增加肉馅的保水性(p<0.05),但是沙蒿胶与酪蛋白酸钠复配的保水效果显著优于明胶、海藻酸钠或壳聚糖与酪蛋白酸钠复配的保水效果(p<0.05)。从以上结果可知,当沙蒿胶和酪蛋白酸钠复配使用时,两者对肉馅保水性的增加产生了协同作用。
效果例2
取6份肉馅样品,分别加入占肉馅质量1%(1g)的实施例1、对比例7-9、对比例10的稳定剂搅拌均匀(样品8-12),再补充蒸馏水使肉馅混合体系总质量达到115g,然后将肉馅分装于聚乙烯袋中,再放入冰箱冷冻室,-25℃冷冻24小时。取出后,室温下解冻,检测样品的保水性。
实验结果见表2所示。
表2
△与样品9相比p<0.01,☆与样品10和样品11相比p<0.05,▽▽与样品12相比p<0.01。
从表2的结果可知,在选择pH调节剂时,乳酸能够保持最高的保水性,与其他酸相比有显著差异(p<0.05或p<0.01)。
本申请所采用的低温酸性条件下溶胀,受控升温,缓慢水合的制备工艺,使沙蒿胶和酪蛋白酸钠能够在受控的条件下充分水合膨胀,从而显著增加稳定剂的水/油稳定能力,与直接加热水合的制备工艺相比,显著地提高保水性(p<0.01)。
以上所述仅为本发明示意性的具体实施方式,并非用以限定本发明的范围。任何本领域的技术人员,在不脱离本发明的构思和原则的前提下所作出的等同变化与修改,均应属于本发明保护的范围。
Claims (3)
1.一种速冻肉馅类食品稳定剂,其特征在于:由以下重量份的原料制成:沙蒿胶12份,酪蛋白酸钠3份,辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠2份,胆甾醇2份,水100份,乳酸适量;所述速冻肉馅类食品稳定剂的制备方法如下:首先将100份水与适量的乳酸混合在10℃下将pH调节至1.5,然后将12份沙蒿胶、3份酪蛋白酸钠、2份辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠加入溶液中搅拌15分钟,使沙蒿胶、酪蛋白酸钠和辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠充分吸水溶胀,再缓慢升温至45℃,并搅拌20分钟,使沙蒿胶、酪蛋白酸钠和辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠完全水合,转变成澄清透明溶液,然后进一步加热溶液至75℃,并加入2份胆甾醇,搅拌均匀,调节pH值至4.5,将溶液喷雾干燥至含水量5-10%,研磨粉碎至30-40目的颗粒,即得;所述稳定剂组合物通过将沙蒿胶和酪蛋白酸钠复配使用防止含肉馅食品在速冻过程中脱水、改善肉馅的保水性、粘结性、保持肉馅成分稳定。
2.权利要求1所述的速冻肉馅类食品稳定剂的制备方法,其特征在于:制备方法如下:首先将100份水与适量的乳酸混合在10℃下将pH调节至1.5,然后将12份沙蒿胶、3份酪蛋白酸钠、2份辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠加入溶液中搅拌15分钟,使沙蒿胶、酪蛋白酸钠和辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠充分吸水溶胀,再缓慢升温至45℃,并搅拌20分钟,使沙蒿胶、酪蛋白酸钠和辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠完全水合,转变成澄清透明溶液,然后进一步加热溶液至75℃,并加入2份胆甾醇,搅拌均匀,调节pH值至4.5,将溶液喷雾干燥至含水量5-10%,研磨粉碎至30-40目的颗粒,即得。
3.一种速冻肉馅类食品,其特征在于:所述速冻肉馅类食品含有权利要求1所述的速冻肉馅类食品稳定剂。
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CN1353949A (zh) * | 2000-11-20 | 2002-06-19 | 吴玉凯 | 冷冻食品馅料改良剂 |
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CN1353949A (zh) * | 2000-11-20 | 2002-06-19 | 吴玉凯 | 冷冻食品馅料改良剂 |
CN101507475A (zh) * | 2009-03-25 | 2009-08-19 | 北京欧凯米特科技有限公司 | 一种复合食品添加剂及其制备方法 |
CN106260804A (zh) * | 2015-05-29 | 2017-01-04 | 南京大地冷冻食品有限公司 | 一种速冻水饺保鲜剂 |
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