CN110432046A - A kind of indoor Intelligent irrigation system of temperature - Google Patents
A kind of indoor Intelligent irrigation system of temperature Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of indoor Intelligent irrigation systems of temperature, by establishing water requirement appraising model to the global radiation R and steam pressure difference VPD in the unit time and the transpiration rate ET in the unit time, and transpiration rate ET is predicted using water requirement appraising model, ET in unit time is added up to obtain total transpiration rate sum(ET), work as sum(ET)<20mm, data are uploaded to controller by water requirement appraising model, and continue to monitor by controller control environment monitoring module, as sum(ET)>=20mm when, water requirement appraising model via controller is sounded an alarm to early warning irrigation system, and notify user's irrigation time and irrigation volume；The existing irrigation monitoring system structure of effective solution is complicated, poor for applicability, using trouble, the problem of dyscalculia and precision of prediction difference, improve the efficiency of irrigation, irrigation water is saved, reduce the investment of man power and material, only need the i.e. predictable transpiration rate of monitoring temperature, humidity and radiation, it is easy to operate, it is easy to use.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to chamber crop planting technology fields, and in particular to a kind of indoor Intelligent irrigation system of temperature.
Background technique:
Since greenhouse has closing and semiclosed property, there are larger differences, such as Forgaz for water requirements of crops inside and outside greenhouse
Et al to greenhouse production water requirements of crops studies have shown that in crop growing season, it is low outside the water demand ratio room of indoor crops
30%~40%, and chamber crop, due to there is supporting role, height often reaches 1.5~2.0m, and this characteristic to have
The high crop of supporting role intercepts more solar radiations, and its biggish leaf area index compared with the short crop of no supporting role
LAI and wide canopy structure, can preferably absorb solar radiation, to improve the heat and water flow of plant, thus need water
It measures also bigger.
Therefore, when calculating the plastic greenhouse water demand of crop, grinding for existing field crop water requirement cannot directly be applied
Study carefully achievement, but need systematically to study the diurnal variation law of chamber crop water requirement, the changing rule in the time of infertility and
Annual variations rule, finds out major influence factors and Influencing Mechanism.The size of the water demand of crop and meteorological condition (radiation, temperature,
Sunshine, humidity, wind speed), soil water regime, crop species and its growth and development stage, agrotechnical measure, irrigation and drainage arrange
Apply etc. related, influence of these factors to water requirement is not only intricate but also connects each other.It is only fixed for chamber crop water requirement
Property research and analyse be it is far from being enough, how quantitatively to calculate chamber crop water requirement and be only key, thus establish greenhouse work
The appraising model of object water requirement is necessary.
Currently, evapotranspiration appraising model mainly includes empirical model, the crop coefficient method mould based on FAO in greenhouse
Type and mechanism model.Empirical model is usually used in the evapotranspiration simulation of chamber crop, mainly passes through crop since required parameter is few
Relationship in evapotranspiration and greenhouse or between warm outdoor weather element, crop physiology and ecology index is fitted, and can be answered extensively
For the more difficult acquisition of parameter or simulation precision greenhouse of less demanding, but since it has stronger empirical and regional, need
Further applicability of the research for other areas, other greenhouses or other crops；FAO crop coefficient method is a kind of simple side
Just the method for estimation Crop evapotranspiration hair, is used widely in field crop and trees, including single crop coefficient and double
Two kinds of crop coefficient method；Mechanism model is mainly based upon rising blade (or canopy) and blade energy balance model or crop and sky
Substance and energy exchange between gas.But these models, since structure is complicated, parameter is difficult to measure, in practical applications often by
To limitation.
Summary of the invention:
For defect existing for existing equipment and problem, the present invention provides a kind of indoor Intelligent irrigation system of temperature, effectively
Solve it is existing irrigate monitoring system structure be complicated, poor for applicability, using trouble, dyscalculia and precision of prediction is poor asks
Topic.
The present invention solves scheme used by its technical problem: a kind of indoor intelligent irrigation monitoring system of temperature, including
Following steps:
S1, water requirement appraising model is established；
A is monitored the indoor solar radiation of temperature using Radiation monitoring module, obtains the global radiation R in the unit time；
It is monitored to obtain being averaged in the unit time to temperature and humidity in greenhouse using temperature monitoring module and humidity monitoring module
Relative humidity RH and mean temperature T, and the transpiration rate ET in the unit time is obtained using transpiration rate monitoring modular；
B obtains average water steam pressure difference VPD using average relative humidity RH and mean temperature T；
Corresponding multiple groups global radiation R and multiple groups average water steam pressure difference VPD and multiple groups transpiration rate ET is carried out linear regression by c
Obtain water requirement appraising model.
S2, intellectual monitoring irrigation system is established using water requirement appraising model；
The intellectual monitoring irrigation system includes environment monitoring module, water requirement appraising model and early warning irrigation system, ring
Border monitoring modular includes Radiation monitoring module, temperature monitoring module and humidity monitoring module；And it is obtained using Radiation monitoring module
Global radiation R in unit time obtains the mean temperature T in the unit time using temperature monitoring module, utilizes humidity detection mould
Block obtains the average relative humidity RH in the unit time, obtains average vapour pressure according to mean temperature T and average relative humidity RH
Average water steam pressure difference VPD and global radiation R input water requirement appraising model is obtained the transpiration rate ET in the unit time by poor VPD, will
Transpiration rate ET in unit time, which adds up, obtains total transpiration rate sum (ET), and as sum (ET) < 20mm, water requirement appraising model will be counted
According to being uploaded to controller, and continued by controller control environment monitoring module to global radiation R, temperature T and relative humidity in greenhouse
RH is monitored, and as sum (ET) >=20mm, water requirement appraising model via controller is sounded an alarm to early warning irrigation system, and
It notifies user's irrigation time and irrigation volume, after user determines, there is irrigation system to implement predetermined irrigation volume in the irrigation time.
Further, the early warning irrigation system further includes being manually set to irrigate, and can have artificial sets itself to irrigate
Time and duty.
Further, the transpiration rate monitoring modular is lysimeter, and lysimeter is embedded in the soil in the middle part of greenhouse, is moved
The seedling of the uniform no disease and pests harm of multiple growing ways is planted, and is colonized in lysimeter, its spacing and line-spacing are identical as crop field, long to plant
Built processing is done when to 40cm high, and utilizes the transpiration rate ET in the water balance method unit of account time；
Specific formula are as follows: ET=TcA=(Wt-1-Wt)/ρ+Ir；
T in formulacFor farmland water consumption, mm in the period；A is lysimeter surface area, mm2； Wt-1And WtWhen respectively t-1
It carves and t moment steams and seeps interior soil body quality, g；ρ is the density of water, 1.0g/cm3；IrFor the water entered in the period in lysimeter,
mm3。
Further, the Radiation monitoring module is light quantum sensor, and temperature monitoring module is moisture recorder survey
Amount；Humidity monitoring module is hygrograph measurement.
Further, the unit time is d, and the unit of d is day.
Further, the water requirement appraising model with global radiation R, the mean temperature T in multiple periods and is averaged
Relative humidity RH establishes the water requirement appraising model in multiple corresponding periods, needs water using in the multiple corresponding period
Amount appraising model assesses the transpiration rate ET in next corresponding multiple periods.
Further, the unit of multiple periods is the moon or season.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: the invention proposes one kind for the indoor Intelligent irrigation system of temperature, utilizes global radiation R
Linear regression is carried out with the measured data and transpiration rate ET of steam pressure difference VPD, obtains objective function transpiration rate ET and the total spoke of variable
The equation of linear regression for penetrating R and steam pressure difference VPD, by measuring global radiation R and steam pressure difference VPD, and according to linear regression side
Journey obtains transpiration rate ET, calculates transpiration rate ET using the parameter R and VPD being easier to, and is greater than 20mm when transpiration rate ET is accumulative,
System will issue early warning automatically, and send short massage notice to user automatically, and user can finally confirm irrigation time and irrigation volume
It voluntarily irrigates afterwards, i.e., voluntarily irrigating is exactly when system issues irrigation early warning, and after user need to only determine, system is automatically according to pouring water
It is irrigated automatically according to the irrigation quantity calculated, and sends short messages after irrigation and informed to user；It can also be manually set simultaneously
It irrigates, i.e. manual mode, user is needed according to agronomy or special circumstances sets itself duty, and such as pour water before transplanting guarantor
Moisture in the soil, the irrigation quantity needed are bigger；The picking fruit phase, to avoid dehiscent fruit and reducing irrigation volume etc..User only need to be in pair of formulation
This water for needing to irrigate is inputted in words frame, the irrigation quantity that system just executes setting is irrigated, and is irrigated to setting water
It voluntarily closes water valve, and sends short message to user and inform, easy to operate, existing the irrigations monitoring system structure of effective solution
The problem of complicated, poor for applicability, using trouble, dyscalculia and precision of prediction difference, improves the efficiency of irrigation, has saved irrigation
With water, reduce the investment of man power and material, only needs the i.e. predictable transpiration rate of monitoring temperature, humidity and global radiation, it is easy to operate,
It is easy to use.
Different water requirement appraising models is established according to different geographical, different time sections, to corresponding area, corresponding time
The transpiration rate of section carries out specific aim assessment, with strong points, and precisely, usage range is wide, easy to operate for prediction, at low cost, by
The experiment of the area such as south China, North China, achieves good effect, water-saving 8~10m averagely can be achieved3/ mu reduces water rate and the electricity charge
Spending；Improve the degree of automation of chamber planting, give crop irrigation in time, improve the yield of crop, great popularization and
Practical value has huge economic and social benefit.
Detailed description of the invention:
Fig. 1 is actual measurement ET in 2017 and simulates the discrete distribution map of ET.
Fig. 2 is actual measurement ET in 2018 and simulates the discrete distribution map of ET.
Specific embodiment:
To a specific embodiment of the invention further instruction.
Embodiment 1: the present embodiment is intended to provide Intelligent irrigation system in a kind of greenhouse, estimates for heliogreenhouse water consumption
Region limitation existing for model, it is difficult to commonly used；The more difficult acquisition of parameter, simulation precision be not high；Model structure and parameter are multiple
It is miscellaneous, a series of problems, such as some parameter measurements are difficult, and device therefor is expensive.By being seen to the indoor environmental factor of temperature
It surveys, such as radiation, temperature, humidity, vapour pressure, wind speed, by the relationship between the analysis varying environment factor and transpiration rate ET, most
It has been determined that two factors of global radiation R and steam pressure difference VPD are to influence the key factor of transpiration rate ET variation, the global radiation R eventually
For the total solar radiation amount in the unit time, unit MJm-2d-1, the steam pressure difference VPD is the average water in the unit time
Steam pressure difference, unit kPa, the transpiration rate ET are the water surface elevation of the evaporation of unit time, and unit mm utilizes global radiation R
Linear regression, which is carried out, with the measured data and ET of average vapour pressure difference VPD obtains water requirement appraising model.
The present embodiment proposes a kind of Intelligent irrigation system of multizone heliogreenhouse, only need to measure greenhouse middle position far from ground
Global radiation R, temperature and humidity at 2 meters of positions of table, the water requirement of chamber crop can be calculated by 3 parameters, according to need
Water can carry out Precision Irrigation, and structure is complicated, poor for applicability and dyscalculia for the existing irrigation method of effective solution
Problem；The mode for how obtaining water requirement appraising model is carried out as described below below:
The factor of consideration is the dynamic plane of reference of steam diffusion ease, that is to say, that the air quantity of ventilation opening generally collects in 2 meters or so
Highly, then steam is spread relatively freely in this height, can be spread to the different location in greenhouse；
300mm installs temperature monitoring module and humidity detection to away from earth's surface 2000mm height above greenhouse implants canopy
Module, and respectively by above-mentioned temperature monitoring module and humidity monitoring module to temperature in the indoor unit interval of temperature and relatively
Humidity RH is monitored, and is monitored using Radiation monitoring module to the global radiation R in the indoor unit interval of temperature, this implementation
Example is as unit of day, and record obtains intraday total radiation intensity, mean temperature and average relative humidity, and by mean temperature T
Average water steam pressure difference VPD, calculation method is calculated with average relative humidity RH are as follows:
esIt is saturation vapour pressure (kPa), T is temperature (DEG C)；
eaIt is actual water vapor pressure (kPa), RH is relative humidity (%), and es is saturation vapour pressure (kPa)
Steam pressure difference VPD=es-ea。
The transpiration rate ET in unit interval in greenhouse is monitored using transpiration rate monitoring modular, specific practice are as follows:
Dress lysimeter is buried in the soil in portion in the greenhouse, the depth that lysimeter is placed into the soil is 1 meter, chooses 6 plants of growing ways uniformly without disease pest
Harmful seedling, and be colonized in lysimeter, its spacing and line-spacing are identical as crop field for simulating the growing environment of seedling in greenhouse,
When plant it is long to 40cm high when do built processing, utilize the transpiration rate ET in the water balance method unit of account time；
Specific formula are as follows: ET=TcA=(Wt-1-Wt)/ρ+Ir；
T in formulacFor farmland water consumption, mm in the period；A is lysimeter surface area, mm2； Wt-1And WtWhen respectively t-1
It carves and t moment steams and seeps interior soil body quality, g；ρ is the density of water, 1.0g/cm3；IrFor the water entered in the period in lysimeter,
mm3。
Thus the transpiration rate ET in the unit time is obtained, by the global radiation R and steam pressure difference VPD in corresponding unit interval
Linear regression, which is carried out, with transpiration rate ET obtains water requirement appraising model.
The following are the applications about water requirement appraising model.
300mm installs temperature monitoring module and humidity detection to away from earth's surface 2000mm height above greenhouse implants canopy
Module, and respectively by temperature monitoring module and humidity monitoring module to temperature and relative humidity in the indoor unit interval of temperature
RH is monitored, and is monitored using Radiation monitoring module to the global radiation R in the indoor unit interval of temperature, is single with day
Position, record obtain intraday global radiation, mean temperature and average relative humidity, and by mean temperature T and average relative humidity
Average water steam pressure difference VPD is calculated in RH.
Transpiration rate ET will can be obtained in obtained global radiation R and average vapour pressure difference VPD input water requirement appraising model；
Transpiration rate ET in unit time is added up and obtains total transpiration rate sum (ET).
As sum (ET) < 20mm, data are uploaded to controller by water requirement appraising model, and by controller control environment prison
Module is surveyed to continue to be monitored global radiation R, temperature T in greenhouse and interior RH relatively.
As sum (ET) >=20mm, water requirement appraising model via controller is sounded an alarm to early warning irrigation system, and is utilized
The communication modes such as short message, app notify user's irrigation time and irrigation volume, after user determines, by irrigation system in the irrigation
Implement predetermined irrigation volume in time.
After upper primary irrigation, when accumulation water surface evaporation reaches 20mm, system will issue early warning automatically, and certainly
Move and send short massage notice to user, user can finally confirm irrigation time and irrigation volume, and so on realize that automatic warm is indoor
Automatic irrigation.
Further the present embodiment is illustrated below with reference to example；In spring by being tested in North China, such as
Shown in Fig. 1, daily transpiration rate ET, global radiation R, mean temperature T and the average relative humidity RH in 4-6 month in 2017 are obtained,
Average water steam pressure difference VPD is obtained by mean temperature T and average relative humidity RH, and by global radiation R and average vapour pressure difference VPD
Linear regression is carried out with transpiration rate ET, obtains water requirement appraising model.
Model equation are as follows: ET=0.237R+0.322VPD-0.649；
It is analyzed simulation equation and measured data to obtain below table:
Model summarizes
| Model | R | The side R | Adjust the side R | The error of standard estimation |
| 1 | .937a | .877 | .875 | .50198 |
A. predictive variable: (constant), VPD, R.
Table 1
Anovaa
A. dependent variable: ET
B. predictive variable: (constant), VPD, R.
Table 2
Coefficienta
A. dependent variable: ET
Table 3
By table 1, table 2 and table 3 it is found that passing through the water requirement appraising model established in 2017, and pass through 2017 estimation mould
The simulation ET that type obtains has preferable correlation with actual measurement ET.
It is monitored to 4-6 month global radiation R, mean temperature T in 2018 and average relative humidity RH, by mean temperature T
Average water steam pressure difference VPD is obtained with average relative humidity RH, global radiation R and average vapour pressure difference VPD are inputted 2017 and established
Simulation equation ET=0.237R+0.322VPD-0.649 in, obtain simulation ET in 2018, referring to shown in Fig. 2,2018
Surveying ET and simulation ET has preferable correlation.
It follows that Intelligent irrigation system in greenhouse proposed by the present invention, the water requirement established using 2017 estimates mould
Type, and simulation ET is obtained using actual measurement global radiation R in 2017 and average vapour pressure difference VPD, simulate the ET not only reality with 2017
ET correlation with higher is surveyed, and also predicts transpiration rate ET in 2018 well, and 2018 simulate ET and 2018 year
Actual measurement ET equally has preferable correlation, high practicability, and says the water requirement appraising model established using upper 1 year very
Good predicts the transpiration rate of next year.
Embodiment 2: the present embodiment is on the basis of embodiment 1 further illustrated technical solution of the present invention, tool
In vivo hold it is as follows: the early warning irrigation system further include be manually set irrigate, can have artificial sets itself irrigation time with
Duty.
Automatic irrigation is exactly when system issues and irrigates early warning, and after user need to only determine, system is automatically according to foundation of pouring water
The irrigation quantity of calculating is irrigated automatically, and is sent short messages after irrigation and informed to user；Be manually set irrigate, i.e., user according to
Agronomy needs or special circumstances sets itself duty, soil moisture conservation of such as pouring water before transplanting, the irrigation quantity needed are bigger；Fruit
Collecting period, to avoid dehiscent fruit and reducing irrigation volume etc..User need to only input this water for needing to irrigate in the dialog box of formulation
Amount, the irrigation quantity that system just executes setting are irrigated, and water valve are voluntarily closed after irrigating to setting water, and short to user's transmission
Letter is informed.
Embodiment 3: the present embodiment is on the basis of embodiment 1 further illustrated technical solution of the present invention, tool
Hold in vivo as follows: the water requirement appraising model is relatively wet with the global radiation R in multiple periods, mean temperature T peace
Degree RH establishes the water requirement appraising model in multiple corresponding periods, is estimated using the water requirement in the multiple corresponding period
Model assesses the transpiration rate ET in next corresponding multiple periods.
The unit of multiple periods is season in the present embodiment, such as spring, summer, fall and winter；Such as: utilize last year
The water requirement appraising model in spring the spring water requirement of next year is assessed, will be divided within 1 year the four seasons and establish respectively needs
Instream flow estimate model, and the global radiation R of utilization next year corresponds to the transpiration rate ET in season with average vapour pressure difference VPD to next year
It is assessed.
And so on, the unit of multiple periods is the moon in the present embodiment, such as needs water using the foundation of on January, upper 1
Amount appraising model removes the transpiration rate of assessment next year January.
Different water requirement appraising models, time corresponding to corresponding area are established according to different geographical, different time sections
The transpiration rate of section is assessed, with strong points, and precisely, usage range is wide for prediction, easy to operate, at low cost, by south China, China
The experiment of the area such as north, achieves good effect, water-saving 8~10m averagely can be achieved3/ mu reduces the spending of water rate and the electricity charge,
Rational Irrigation not only reduces the situation of the extreme environment of the indoor high temperature of temperature and high humidity, while avoiding since environmental problem is led
The crop disease and insect of cause occurs, and then reduces the usage amount of pesticide, reduces the pollution of environment, has huge economy and society
Meeting benefit, great practical and popularizing value.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of indoor intelligent irrigation of temperature monitors system, characterized by the following steps:
S1, the water requirement appraising model for obtaining chamber crop；
A is monitored the indoor solar radiation of temperature using Radiation monitoring module, obtains the global radiation R in the unit time；It utilizes
Temperature monitoring module and humidity monitoring module are monitored to obtain average opposite in the unit time to temperature and humidity in greenhouse
Humidity RH and mean temperature T, and the transpiration rate ET in the unit time is obtained using transpiration rate monitoring modular；
B obtains average water steam pressure difference VPD using average relative humidity RH and mean temperature T；
C is linearly returned corresponding multiple groups daily global radiation R and the per day steam pressure difference VPD of multiple groups and multiple groups daily transpiration ET
Return to obtain the water requirement appraising model of chamber crop.
S2, intellectual monitoring irrigation system is established using the water requirement appraising model of chamber crop；
The intellectual monitoring irrigation system includes environment monitoring module, water requirement monitoring modular and early warning irrigation system, environment prison
Surveying module includes Radiation monitoring module, temperature monitoring module and humidity monitoring module；And unit is obtained using Radiation monitoring module
Global radiation R in time is obtained the mean temperature T in the unit time using temperature monitoring module, is obtained using humidity monitoring module
Average relative humidity RH in the unit time obtains average water steam pressure difference according to mean temperature T and average relative humidity RH
Average water steam pressure difference VPD and global radiation R input water requirement appraising model is obtained the transpiration rate ET in the unit time by VPD, will be single
Transpiration rate ET in the time of position is cumulative to obtain total transpiration rate sum (ET), and as sum (ET) < 20mm, water requirement appraising model is by data
It is uploaded to controller, and is continued by controller control environment monitoring module to global radiation R, temperature T in greenhouse and interior RH relatively
It is monitored, as sum (ET) >=20mm, water requirement appraising model via controller is sounded an alarm to early warning irrigation system, and is led to
Know user's irrigation time and irrigation volume, after user determines, there is irrigation system to implement predetermined irrigation volume in the irrigation time.
2. the indoor intelligent irrigation of temperature according to claim 1 monitors system, it is characterised in that: system is irrigated in the early warning
System further includes being manually set to irrigate, and can have artificial sets itself irrigation time and duty.
3. the indoor intelligent irrigation of temperature according to claim 1 monitors system, it is characterised in that: the transpiration rate monitoring
Module is lysimeter, and lysimeter is embedded in the soil in the middle part of greenhouse, transplants the seedling of the uniform no disease and pests harm of multiple growing ways, and fixed
Plant in lysimeter, its spacing and line-spacing are identical as crop field, when plant it is long to 40cm high when do built processing, and it is flat using water
Transpiration rate ET in the weighing apparatus method unit of account time；
Specific formula are as follows: ET=TcA=(Wt-1-Wt)/ρ+Ir；
T in formulacFor farmland water consumption, mm in the period；A is lysimeter surface area, mm2；Wt-1And WtRespectively t-1 moment and t
Moment, which steams, seeps interior soil body quality, g；ρ is the density of water, 1.0g/cm3；IrFor the water entered in the period in lysimeter, mm3。
4. the indoor intelligent irrigation of temperature according to claim 1 monitors system, it is characterised in that: the Radiation monitoring mould
Block is light quantum sensor, and temperature monitoring module is moisture recorder measurement；Humidity monitoring module is hygrograph measurement.
5. the indoor intelligent irrigation of temperature according to claim 1 monitors system, it is characterised in that: the unit time is
The unit of d, d are day.
6. the indoor intelligent irrigation of temperature according to claim 1 monitors system, it is characterised in that: the water requirement estimation
Model establishes the need in multiple corresponding periods with global radiation R, mean temperature T and the average relative humidity RH in multiple periods
Instream flow estimate model, using the water requirement appraising model in the multiple corresponding period to next corresponding multiple periods
Interior transpiration rate ET is assessed.
7. the indoor intelligent irrigation of temperature according to claim 6 monitors system, it is characterised in that: multiple periods
Unit be the moon or season.
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