CN110429617A - DC bus capacitor inertia design of Compensator method based on frequency performance index - Google Patents

DC bus capacitor inertia design of Compensator method based on frequency performance index Download PDF

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CN110429617A
CN110429617A CN201910698043.4A CN201910698043A CN110429617A CN 110429617 A CN110429617 A CN 110429617A CN 201910698043 A CN201910698043 A CN 201910698043A CN 110429617 A CN110429617 A CN 110429617A
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frequency
inertia
bus capacitor
performance index
bus
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CN110429617B (en
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杨帆
刘非文
李东东
赵耀
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Shanghai Electric Power University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/24Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Abstract

The DC bus capacitor inertia design of Compensator method based on frequency performance index that the present invention relates to a kind of, the compensator uses IDA-PBC control strategy, the following steps are included: 1) establish VSG small-signal model, the quantitative relationship between inertia and the frequency performance index of power grid is obtained;2) according to synchronous generator frequency response curve, desired frequency performance index is acquired;3) quantitative relationship and desired frequency performance index obtained based on step 1) is obtained system and it is expected inertia;4) DC bus-bar voltage and frequency model are established, the quantitative relationship of DC bus capacitor and inertia is obtained;5) quantitative relationship and system expectation inertia acquisition DC bus capacitor design value obtained based on step 4);6) control parameter that IDA-PBC control strategy is obtained according to DC bus capacitor design value realizes that DC side busbar voltage tracks the variation of its reference value.Compared with prior art, the present invention can effectively improve system inertia level and frequency stability.

Description

DC bus capacitor inertia design of Compensator method based on frequency performance index
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of power system controller design methods, more particularly, to a kind of direct current based on frequency performance index Lateral capacitance inertia design of Compensator method.
Background technique
Ever-increasing energy demand and environmental crisis are to drive the principal element of power grid reform, in current economy and ring Under the conditions of border, Renewable Energy Development (Renewable Energy Source, RES) such as solar energy and wind energy, becomes power grid The important link of reform.As renewable energy level of interpenetration is gradually increased, gird-connected inverter interface is widely applied in electric system, Since gird-connected inverter does not have rotation function, does not have the inertia and fm capacity of synchronous generator, thus reduce The frequency stability of system.
In order to solve this problem, a kind of virtual synchronous generator (Virtual Synchronous for inverter Generator, VSG) control strategy comes into being.This control strategy is the primary frequency modulation control by simulating synchronous generator System makes virtual synchronous generator have certain inertia, realizes that frequency is adjusted.But virtual synchronous generator control needs to solve used Quantitative relationship problem between amount and expected frequency performance indicator, and in renewable energy system, in order to realize VSG The certain energy storage of optional equipment is needed, is difficult with versatility.
Summary of the invention
It is provided a kind of based on frequency performance index it is an object of the invention to overcome the problems of the above-mentioned prior art DC bus capacitor inertia design of Compensator method.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of DC bus capacitor inertia design of Compensator method based on frequency performance index, the compensator use IDA- PBC control strategy, comprising the following steps:
1) VSG small-signal model is established, the quantitative relationship between inertia and the frequency performance index of power grid is obtained;
2) according to synchronous generator frequency response curve, desired frequency performance index is acquired;
3) quantitative relationship and desired frequency performance index obtained based on step 1) is obtained system and it is expected inertia;
4) DC bus-bar voltage and frequency model are established, the quantitative relationship of DC bus capacitor and inertia is obtained;
5) quantitative relationship and system expectation inertia acquisition DC bus capacitor design value obtained based on step 4);
6) control parameter that IDA-PBC control strategy is obtained according to DC bus capacitor design value realizes direct current side bus electricity Pressure tracks the variation of its reference value.
Further, the frequency performance index includes frequency change rate and frequency minimum point.
Further, the step 1) specifically:
101) according to the transmission function G of VSG small-signal model building VSG output power to mains frequencypf(s);
102) under load step variation, it is based on the transmission function Gpf(s) the frequency response curve expression in the domain s is obtained Formula;
103) inverse Laplace transformation is carried out to the frequency response curve expression formula in the domain s, obtains frequency time-domain expression;
104) quantitative relationship and inertia and frequency of inertia and frequency change rate are obtained based on the frequency time-domain expression The quantitative relationship of rate minimum point.
Further, the quantitative relationship of the inertia and frequency change rate indicates are as follows:
Wherein, f*It (t) is frequency time domain response, H is inertia, ωnIt is respectively that undamped vibrates angular frequency and resistance naturally with ζ Buddhist nun's ratio,To there is damped oscillation angular frequency, TGFor the governor coefficient of synchronous generator governor.
Further, the quantitative relationship of the inertia and frequency minimum point indicates are as follows:
Wherein, f* peakFor frequency minimum point, tpeakThe time of minimum point is reached for frequency.
Further, the quantitative relationship of the DC bus capacitor and inertia indicates are as follows:
Wherein, CdcFor DC bus capacitor, H is inertia, vdc-refFor DC bus-bar voltage reference value, VAbaseFor system nominal Capacity, Δ vdc-maxWith Δ fmaxRespectively acceptable maximum voltage variation and frequency variation, frefFor frequency reference.
Further, in the step 5), the capacitance obtained based on the quantitative relationship of DC bus capacitor and inertia is made It is selected for first capacitor using the DC side electric capacity of voltage regulation of inverter as the second capacitor, the first capacitor and the second capacitor It selects wherein biggish as DC bus capacitor design value.
Further, the DC side electric capacity of voltage regulation C of the inverterminIt indicates are as follows:
Wherein, P is inverter direct-flow side active power, and ρ is inverter efficiency, fswFor switching frequency, vdcFor DC bus Voltage, Δ v are DC bus ripple voltage.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) design method meter of the present invention and frequency performance index calculate inertia compensation, and design DC bus capacitor improves system Inertia levels and frequency stability;
2) the inertia compensator that design method of the present invention obtains is not necessarily to additional energy storage device, simplifies system structure, to can Renewable energy generating system has versatility;
3) present invention when obtaining DC bus capacitor design value and meanwhile consider DC bus capacitor and inertia quantitative relationship and Requirement is stabilized the output voltage, DC bus capacitor design accuracy is improved.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structure chart of the DC bus capacitor inertia compensator based on frequency performance index;
Fig. 2 is the typical frequencies adjustment block-diagram of electric system;
Fig. 3 is DC bus capacitor design flow diagram;
Fig. 4 is the IDA-PBC control structure figure of DC bus capacitor inertia compensator;
Fig. 5 is the IDA-PBC control strategy figure of DC bus capacitor inertia compensator;
Fig. 6 is with/without inertia compensator system frequency waveform diagram;
Fig. 7 is with/without inertia compensator system DC bus-bar voltage waveform diagram.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.The present embodiment is with technical solution of the present invention Premised on implemented, the detailed implementation method and specific operation process are given, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to Following embodiments.
The present invention provides a kind of DC bus capacitor inertia design of Compensator method based on frequency performance index, the compensator Using IDA-PBC (Interconnection and Damping Assignment Passivity-based Control, mutually Join the Passive Shape Control of assignment of damping) control strategy, initially set up virtual synchronous generator (Virtual Synchronous Generator, VSG) small-signal model, obtain VSG output power to mains frequency transmission function Gpf(s), it calculates and obtains The quantitative relationship of inertia H and frequency performance index, frequency performance index include frequency change rate df/dt and frequency minimum point fpeak;According to the frequency response curve under the variation of synchronous generator load step, desired frequency performance index, and foundation are obtained Inertia H and df/dt and fpeakQuantitative relationship determine system it is expected inertia H;DC bus-bar voltage and frequency model are established, is acquired System frequency variable quantity exports DC bus-bar voltage variation delta vdc-ref, calculate and obtain DC bus capacitor CdcWith determining for inertia H Magnitude relation determines the DC bus capacitor value of DC bus capacitor inertia compensator;The control of DC bus capacitor inertia compensator is IDA- PBC strategy, DC bus-bar voltage variable quantity is input in IDA-PBC control strategy, output inverter switching signal makes direct current Side bus voltage tracks the variation of its reference value, and DC bus capacitor, which is absorbed or released energy, realizes that system inertia compensates.
It is as shown in Figure 1 the DC bus capacitor inertia design of Compensator structure chart based on frequency performance index, main circuit is Inverter topology, including DC bus capacitor, DC/AC converter and RL filter circuit, wherein CdcFor DC bus capacitor, vdcFor DC bus-bar voltage;S1~6For DC/AC converter switch signal;L, R is the inductance of output filter, resistance respectively;iabc, vabc Respectively grid-connected current and voltage;Δvdc-refFor DC bus-bar voltage reference value variable quantity.
1, VSG small-signal model
Fig. 2 gives the typical frequency adjustment block-diagram of conventional electric power system, and wherein subscript * indicates per unit value.ΔPref *Table Show VSG active power of output reference value variable quantity, Δ Pin *Indicate the variation of synchronous generator input active power, Δ P*It represents The variation of non-frequency quick property load and photovoltaic output power, Δ Pd *Represent the changed power of the quick property load of frequency;Gs(s) governor is indicated Transmission function;Δf*Represent frequency variation;H and D respectively indicate inertia and damped coefficient.
The equation of rotor motion of VSG can be obtained by Fig. 2:
Arrangement formula (1), obtains Δ P*To Δ f*Transmission function:
The governor coefficient of synchronous generator governor is TG, by governor transmission functionBring formula (2) into :
In above formula,
Wherein, ωnIt is respectively that undamped vibrates angular frequency and damping ratio naturally with ζ.
2, inertia H and frequency change rate df/dt and frequency minimum point fpeakQuantitative relationship
Under load step variation, frequency response curve expression formula is derived in the domain s are as follows:
Wherein,To there is damped oscillation angular frequency.
Inverse Laplace transformation is carried out to formula (4), obtains the time-domain expression of frequency response curve are as follows:
Wherein,
By the G of formula (5)0Replace with the expression formula of H, and to formula (5) derivation, available frequency change rate:
Enabling formula (6) is zero, and the time that frequency reaches minimum point can be obtained:
Formula (7) is brought into formula (5), available frequency minimum point:
3, DC bus capacitor CdcWith the quantitative relationship of inertia H
The rotor of synchronous generator can store kinetic energy for power grid provide certain inertia, DC bus capacitor also can store energy Amount provides certain inertia compensation for system.It, can be by the inertia H of DC bus capacitor according to the definition of HcapIs defined as:
Wherein CdcAnd vdc_refRespectively indicate DC bus capacitor and DC bus-bar voltage reference value.
The control of DC bus capacitor inertia compensator is by transmission function Gfv(s) DC bus-bar voltage deviation delta is established vdc_refWith the model of mains frequency deviation delta f, the output voltage variation of DC bus-bar voltage tracking inertia compensator is controlled, is made DC bus capacitor is absorbed or is released energy with compensation system inertia.
Specific derivation is as follows: when DC bus-bar voltage has disturbance Δ vdc, DC capacitor will discharge a certain amount of energy Δ Ec:
ΔEc(t)=Cdcvdc-ref 2/2-Cdc[vdc-ref+Δvdc(t)]2/2≈-Cdcvdc-refΔvdc(t) (10)
Ignore and Δ vdcAbove formula both sides are differentiated to obtain by square related higher order term:
After being standardized to above formula:
Formula (12) are rearranged into the domain s form are as follows:
Electric system swing equation shown in Fig. 2 can be expressed as down as a result:
ΔP* in(s)-ΔP*(s)=2HcapG* fv(s)sΔf*+DΔf* (14)
The wherein inertia compensation of DC bus capacitor are as follows:
H (s)=HcapG* fv(s) (15)
In order to obtain constant inertia coeffeicent H, G* fvIt (s) is K with a gain* fvProportional controller realize:
Wherein Δ vdc-maxWith Δ fmaxRespectively indicate acceptable maximum voltage variation and frequency variation.
DC bus-bar voltage and frequency model are established, is obtained:
Δvdc-ref=KfvΔf (17)
Grid-connected dot frequency is acquired, according to frequency changes delta f, exports DC bus-bar voltage variation delta vdc-ref
It brings formula (9), (16) into formula (15), obtains the quantitative relationship of DC bus capacitor and inertia compensation:
VAbaseFor system nominal capacity.
In order to absorb ripple current, stabilize the output voltage, the DC side electric capacity of voltage regulation general satisfaction formula (19) of inverter:
Wherein, P is inverter direct-flow side active power, and ρ is inverter efficiency, fswFor switching frequency, Δ v is DC bus Ripple voltage.
Fig. 3 is that DC bus capacitor design flow diagram according to the frequency response curve of synchronous generator it is desired to obtain system Frequency performance index.With frequency performance index df/dt and fpeakIt inputs, determines that DC bus capacitor inertia compensates H, according to direct current Lateral capacitance and the quantitative relationship of inertia design DC bus capacitor.To guarantee that DC bus capacitor meets based on electronic power inverter Pressure stabilizing requirement, determines DC bus capacitor minimum value Cmin, comprehensively consider selection CdcAnd Cmin, select in the two biggish capacitor as C hereindcDesign.
4, the IDA-PBC control strategy of DC bus capacitor inertia compensator is designed
The control of DC bus capacitor inertia compensator uses IDA-PBC control strategy, DC bus-bar voltage and frequency model Input of the DC bus-bar voltage variable quantity of output as IDA-PBC control strategy makes DC bus-bar voltage track its voltage ginseng Value variation is examined, realizes that DC bus capacitor is absorbed or released energy with compensation system inertia, control strategy structure is as shown in Figure 4.
In order to use the Passive Control Algorithm (IDA-PBC) of interconnection assignment of damping to design inverter, first have to be indicated For the form of port Hamilton (pH):
Wherein, x is state vector (energy variable), and u is control vector, and H (x) is system capacity function, and g (x, u) is end Mouth matrix, e is extrinsic vectors.J (x, u) is antisymmetry interconnection matrix, meets J (x, u)=- JT(x, u), R (x) are positive semidefinite resistances Buddhist nun's matrix meets R (x)=RT(x)≥0.Interconnection matrix represents internal energy flowing, and damping matrix indicates that system capacity dissipates.
The energy that H (x) is system storage is defined, is indicated by the sum of inductance and capacitor storage energy:
Wherein, id、iqFor iabcIn the current component of dq reference axis.
The pH model of inverter can indicate as a result, are as follows:
Wherein, sd、sqFor inverter switching device control law;vd、vqFor vabcIn the component of voltage of dq reference axis.
Based on the design principle of IDA-PBC control strategy, inverter switching device control law is sought:
Joint type (23) and formula (24), and enable id *=id, iq *=iqAnd vq=0 acquires
Wherein, Δ=4vdcR3Δvdc
Wherein, id *、iq *Respectively id、iqReference value in IDA-PBC control strategy;R1、R2、R3For IDA-PBC control Parameter.
Fig. 5 is the IDA-PBC control strategy figure of DC bus capacitor inertia compensator.Outer voltage controls DC bus-bar voltage The output voltage variation for tracking inertia compensator, absorbs DC bus capacitor or release energy with compensation system inertia, in electric current Ring tracks its reference current, is achieved in the control of inertia compensation device.
5, it emulates
Fig. 6,7 are system frequency f and DC bus-bar voltage v in the case where sudden loading operation occurs for renewable energy systemdc Waveform diagram.As shown in fig. 6, t=5s moment load increases, system frequency is reduced.Do not compensated using DC bus capacitor inertia System frequency minimum point fpeakFor 49.84Hz, maximum frequency deviation amplitude is 0.16Hz.Introduce the compensation of DC bus capacitor inertia When device, 49.86Hz and 0.14Hz, the width of frequency variation is respectively increased in the minimum point and maximum frequency deviation amplitude of system frequency Degree reduces 12.5%.In addition, in the initial time that frequency reduces, without the frequency change rate df/ of inertia compensator system hair Dt is 0.150Hz/s, and using in DC bus capacitor inertia compensation system, frequency change rate is reduced to 0.07Hz/s, df/ Dt improves nearly 50%.It follows that inverter DC capacitor inertia compensator can reduce maximum frequency deviation and reduce frequency Rate change rate.When as shown in Figure 7, using DC capacitor inertia compensator, DC bus-bar voltage vdcVariation proportional to frequency f, When reaching quasi-steady state, voltage stabilization is in 678V.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail above.It should be appreciated that those skilled in the art without It needs creative work according to the present invention can conceive and makes many modifications and variations.Therefore, all technologies in the art Personnel are available by logical analysis, reasoning, or a limited experiment on the basis of existing technology under this invention's idea Technical solution, all should be within the scope of protection determined by the claims.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of DC bus capacitor inertia design of Compensator method based on frequency performance index, which is characterized in that the compensator Using IDA-PBC control strategy, comprising the following steps:
1) VSG small-signal model is established, the quantitative relationship between inertia and the frequency performance index of power grid is obtained;
2) according to synchronous generator frequency response curve, desired frequency performance index is acquired;
3) quantitative relationship and desired frequency performance index obtained based on step 1) is obtained system and it is expected inertia;
4) DC bus-bar voltage and frequency model are established, the quantitative relationship of DC bus capacitor and inertia is obtained;
5) quantitative relationship and system expectation inertia acquisition DC bus capacitor design value obtained based on step 4);
6) according to DC bus capacitor design value obtain IDA-PBC control strategy control parameter, realize DC side busbar voltage with The variation of its reference value of track.
2. the DC bus capacitor inertia design of Compensator method according to claim 1 based on frequency performance index, special Sign is that the frequency performance index includes frequency change rate and frequency minimum point.
3. the DC bus capacitor inertia design of Compensator method according to claim 2 based on frequency performance index, special Sign is, the step 1) specifically:
101) according to the transmission function G of VSG small-signal model building VSG output power to mains frequencypf(s);
102) under load step variation, it is based on the transmission function Gpf(s) the frequency response curve expression formula in the domain s is obtained;
103) inverse Laplace transformation is carried out to the frequency response curve expression formula in the domain s, obtains frequency time-domain expression;
104) quantitative relationship and inertia and frequency based on frequency time-domain expression acquisition inertia and frequency change rate are most The quantitative relationship of low spot.
4. the DC bus capacitor inertia design of Compensator method according to claim 3 based on frequency performance index, special Sign is that the quantitative relationship of the inertia and frequency change rate indicates are as follows:
Wherein, f*It (t) is frequency time domain response, H is inertia, ωnIt is respectively that undamped vibrates angular frequency and damping ratio naturally with ζ,To there is damped oscillation angular frequency, TGFor the governor coefficient of synchronous generator governor.
5. the DC bus capacitor inertia design of Compensator method according to claim 3 based on frequency performance index, special Sign is that the quantitative relationship of the inertia and frequency minimum point indicates are as follows:
Wherein, f* peakFor frequency minimum point, tpeakThe time of minimum point is reached for frequency.
6. the DC bus capacitor inertia design of Compensator method according to claim 1 based on frequency performance index, special Sign is that the quantitative relationship of the DC bus capacitor and inertia indicates are as follows:
Wherein, CdcFor DC bus capacitor, H is inertia, vdc-refFor DC bus-bar voltage reference value, VAbaseFor system nominal appearance Amount, Δ vdc-maxWith Δ fmaxRespectively acceptable maximum voltage variation and frequency variation, frefFor frequency reference.
7. the DC bus capacitor inertia design of Compensator method according to claim 1 based on frequency performance index, special Sign is, in the step 5), using the capacitance obtained based on the quantitative relationship of DC bus capacitor and inertia as first capacitor, Using the DC side electric capacity of voltage regulation of inverter as the second capacitor, the first capacitor and the second capacitor, select wherein larger Be used as DC bus capacitor design value.
8. the DC bus capacitor inertia design of Compensator method according to claim 7 based on frequency performance index, special Sign is, the DC side electric capacity of voltage regulation C of the inverterminIt indicates are as follows:
Wherein, P is inverter direct-flow side active power, and ρ is inverter efficiency, fswFor switching frequency, vdcFor DC bus-bar voltage, Δ v is DC bus ripple voltage.
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CN111313401B (en) * 2019-12-06 2023-08-15 国网天津市电力公司电力科学研究院 Off-vehicle charge and discharge control system and method based on Hamiltonian control principle
CN113346546A (en) * 2021-06-15 2021-09-03 江南大学 Virtual inertia control method of new energy grid-connected inverter

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