CN108173292A - Photovoltaic virtual synchronous control method based on powerinjected method - Google Patents
Photovoltaic virtual synchronous control method based on powerinjected method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
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- H02J3/383—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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Abstract
The invention discloses the photovoltaic virtual synchronous control methods based on powerinjected method.This method obtains power instruction using power superposition equation, and obtains DC side reference voltage according to based on fitting of a polynomial powerinjected method method, after Voltage loop obtains photovoltaic panel reference power, obtains d axis active power by power outer shroud and instructs；Reactive power is obtained by a pressure regulation equation to instruct, and then obtains the instruction of electric current dq axis, carries out closed-loop current control.By the flexible control for controlling the size and Orientation of DC side reference voltage to reach to active power, and pass through a pressure regulation equation and reactive power is adjusted.The size of DC side reference voltage steps is obtained by polynomial fitting method, and direction is obtained by power tracking method.The present invention need not increase energy storage device to inverter, and mains frequency and voltage can be adjusted, and the stabilization that can guarantee system and the preferable regulating effect to voltage to frequency.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to photovoltaic inverter grid-connected frequency modulation and voltage modulation control fields, and in particular to a kind of light based on powerinjected method
Lie prostrate virtual synchronous control method.
Background technology
With environmental degradation, the exacerbation of energy crisis, the new energy such as photovoltaic, wind-powered electricity generation play increasingly heavier in social development
The effect wanted, while distributed generation technology rapidly develops, and becomes domestic and international research hotspot.
At present, as the new energy such as photovoltaic, wind-powered electricity generation constantly access power grid, under the installation ratio of conventional synchronization generator is continuous
Drop.Therefore the permeability of new energy gradually increases, and makes the rotator inertia of power grid and the opposite reduction of damping, this can to the safety of power grid
Serious threat is generated by operation.Usually, photovoltaic generating system uses maximal power tracing mode more, with current source mode simultaneously
Net is compared with conventional synchronization generator, photovoltaic generating system fast response time, controls simple and flexible, while can be utmostly
Utilize luminous energy.But photovoltaic generating system is due to being practically free of inertia and damping, it is difficult to participate in the tune of mains frequency and voltage
During section, meanwhile, a large amount of accesses also cause power grid energy superfluous.
For this purpose, virtual synchronous generation technology (virtual synchrinous generator, VSG) comes into being.Because
Traditional synchronous generator is naturally friendly to electric system, its operation characteristic of virtual synchronous technological borrowing and control mode, mould
Intend the rotator inertia of conventional synchronization generator and the external characteristics of damping, realize friendly grid-connected.The power of high permeability power grid now
Relation between supply and demand is no longer required for the photovoltaic generating system moment and is in maximal power tracing state, and also highly desirable its can participate in electricity
Come during net frequency modulation and voltage modulation, virtual synchronous technology is applied to photovoltaic generating system by photovoltaic virtual synchronous generator, is realized
To the frequency modulation and voltage modulation of power grid, there is good engineering value and realistic meaning.
At present, for photovoltaic virtual synchronous generator techniques, have more domestic and international scientific papers and analyzed and proposed
Solution, such as：
1st, entitled " a kind of virtual synchronous electric generator structure and its Dynamic Performance Analysis that are applied to photovoltaic microgrid ", Wang Zhen
Hero, Yi Hao, Zhuo Fang,《Proceedings of the CSEE》, the 2nd 444-453 pages of the phase of volume 34 in 2017) in article by virtual synchronous control
System strategy is applied to photovoltaic microgrid system, photovoltaic fluctuation is inhibited, and in the fluctuation of load, is effectively improved the frequency of busbar
Change rate, but the deficiency of this scheme is：The additional cost for increasing energy storage device and increasing power station, it is not easy to inverse to existing photovoltaic
Become device to be transformed；Energy can only be conveyed to power grid, it is impossible to be effectively improved photovoltaic system and flexibly go out in a manner of maximal power tracing
The problem of power.
2nd, entitled " ANovel Control Strategy for Stand-alone Photovoltaic System
Based on Virtual Synchronous Generator ", Guo Y, Chen L《Power and Energy Society
General Meeting》2016:1-5. (" a kind of isolated island photovoltaic system based on virtual synchronous generator ", Guo Yan, Chen Laijun,
《Electric power and the conference of energy association》, 2016 the 1-5 pages) virtual synchronous technology is applied to photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter by article, photovoltaic is inverse
Becoming utensil has frequency modulation and voltage modulation function, when photovoltaic panel voltage is less than maximum power point voltage, then increases on power and voltage negative
Increment ensure photovoltaic generating system stabilization.But article has the following disadvantages：This article does not describe how to determine maximum work
The power and voltage value of rate point；Increase negative increment size by amplitude limit PI controllers to be not easy to determine, since PI parameters and P-U are bent
Line is related, and the excessive too small system that is all easy to cause shakes unstability.
3rd, entitled " the photovoltaic virtual synchronous machine multi-mode operation control for considering source dynamic characteristic ", Zheng Tianwen, Chen Laijun,
Liu Wei,《Proceedings of the CSEE》, the 2nd the 454-463 pages of the phase of volume 37 in 2017) and virtual synchronous power generation is increased in article
The electromagnet portion and electromechanical properties of machine, in operation characteristic and conventional synchronization generator is closer.But the method there are it is following not
Foot：The stability control method of photovoltaic virtual synchronous generator is not made deeper into research, for additional on power and voltage
Increase a PI controller, the parameter of controller is not easy to adjust, and when photovoltaic power deficiency, and net state reduces voltage magnitude
It is easy to cause inverter off-grid.
Invention content
The present invention seeks to be directed to centralized photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter not carrying out frequency modulation and voltage modulation problem to power grid, a kind of base is provided
In the photovoltaic virtual synchronous control method of powerinjected method, this method need not increase additional energy storage device, make conventional photovoltaic inversion
Utensil has frequency modulation and voltage modulation function.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a kind of photovoltaic virtual synchronous control method based on powerinjected method, packets
Include the acquisition of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter output phase voltage, which is characterized in that step is as follows：
Step 1 sets photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter number of units as n, and n represents inverter number for integer and n >=1, #i, and i is integer and i ∈
[1,n]；
Step 2, the power P that photovoltaic battery panel maximum power point is obtained by off-line measurement methodMPP, maximum power point
Voltage UMPPWith open-circuit voltage Uoc；Sample photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i output phase voltages Uoai,Uobi,Uoci, and through the output phase voltage coordinate
Transformation equation obtains output voltage dq axis components Uodi,Uoqi, sampling photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i bridge arm inductive currents ILai,ILbi,ILci,
And obtain bridge arm inductive current dq axis components I through inductive current coordinate transformation equationLdi,ILqi, wherein d axis is active axis, and q axis is
Idle axis；Mains frequency ω is obtained by phaselocked loopg, sampling photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i is in the DC side photovoltaic output current at k moment
Ipvi(k) and photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i the k moment DC side photovoltaic output voltage Upvi(k)；
Step 3, setting electrical network angular frequency a reference valueωrefP is instructed with photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i upper stratas active powerref0i, and root
The mains frequency ω obtained according to step 2g, equation is superimposed by power and obtains power instruction
Step 4, according to the output voltage d obtained in step 2qAxis component Uodi,UoqiWith bridge arm inductive current dq axis components
ILdi,ILqiAverage active power P is obtained by power calculation equationoi；
Step 5, according to the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i obtained in step 2 the k moment DC side photovoltaic output current Ipvi(k)
With photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i the k moment DC side photovoltaic output voltage Upvi(k), the power instruction obtained in step 3And step
The average active power P obtained in rapid 4oi, DC side reference voltage is obtained by the power tracking method based on fitting of a polynomial
Urefi；
Step 6, according to the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i obtained in step 2 the k moment DC side photovoltaic output voltage Upvi(k)
With the DC side reference voltage U obtained in step 5refi, photovoltaic panel reference power P is obtained by Voltage looprefi；
Step 7, according to the photovoltaic panel reference power P obtained in step 6refiWith the average active power obtained in step 4
Poi, d axis active power instruction P is obtained through overpower outer shrouddrefi；Command voltage E is setdrefIt is idle with photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i upper stratas
Power instruction Qref0i, and according to the output voltage d axis components U obtained in step 2odi, idle work(is obtained by a pressure regulation equation
Rate instructs Qdrefi；
Step 8, according to the output voltage d axis components U obtained in step 2odiRefer to the d axis active power obtained in step 7
Enable Pdrefi, reactive power instruction Qdrefi, electric current d axis instruction I is obtained by current calculation methodcdrefiIt is instructed with electric current q axis
Icqrefi；
The electric current d axis obtained in step 8 is instructed I by step 9cdrefiWith the bridge arm inductive current d axis point obtained in step 2
Measure ILdi, by d shaft current closed-loop control equations, obtain d axis output signal Usidi；The electric current q axis obtained in step 8 is instructed
IcqrefiWith the bridge arm inductive current q axis components I obtained in step 2Lqi, by q shaft current closed-loop control equations, it is defeated to obtain q axis
Go out signal Uiqi；
Step 10, the output voltage d axis components U that will be obtained in step 2odiWith output voltage q axis components UoqiIt adds respectively
The d axis output signal Us obtained in step 9idiWith q axis output signal Usiqi, obtain the modulating wave U under dq coordinate systemsmdiAnd Umqi,
Expression formula is respectively：
Umdi=Uodi+Uidi
Umqi=Uoqi+Uiqi
Step 11, by the modulating wave U under the dq coordinate systems obtained in step 10mdiAnd UmqiIt is obtained through coordinate inverse transformation equation
The three-phase modulations wave U of inverter leg voltagemai,Umbi,Umci, the drive signal after PWM modulation as IGBT circuits.
Preferably, mains frequency ω described in step 2gCalculation formula be：
Wherein, ω0For the specified angular frequency of point of common coupling voltage, Kp_pllProportion adjustment system for phaselocked loop pi regulator
Number, Ki_pllFor the integral adjustment coefficient of phaselocked loop pi regulator, s is Laplace operator.
Preferably, equation is superimposed by power described in step 3 and obtains power instructionCalculation formula be：
Wherein, JiFor the virtual rotation inertia of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i, s is Laplace operator, miFor photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i's
Active sagging coefficient.
Preferably, average active power P is obtained by power calculation equation described in step 4oiCalculation formula be：
Wherein TfFor the time constant of low-pass first order filter, s is Laplace operator.
Preferably, the power tracking method based on fitting of a polynomial includes the following steps described in step 5：
(1) voltage step size U is soughtstep, calculation formula is：
WhenWhen, take Ustep=0；
WhenWhen, take Ustep=Uthreshold_high；
WhenWhen, it takes
Wherein,For non-limiting voltage step-length, UstepFor voltage step size, Uthreshold_lowFor low-voltage step-length threshold value,
Uthreshold_highFor high voltage steps threshold value；
(2) power Ps of the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i in k moment photovoltaic battery panels is calculatedpvi(k), calculation formula is：
Ppvi(k)=Upvi(k)·Ipvi(k)
Wherein, k indicates for the moment；
(3) the symbol flag of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i is calculatedi, calculation formula is：
flagi=sign (Ppvi(k)-Ppvi(k-1))×sign(Upvi(k)-Upvi(k-1))
Wherein, flagiFor the symbol of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i, Ppvi(k) for photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i in k moment photovoltaic electrics
The power of pond plate, Ppvi(k-1) for photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i in the power of k-1 moment photovoltaic battery panels, Upvi(k) it is photovoltaic inversion
Device #i is in k moment DC side photovoltaic output voltages, Upvi(k-1) for photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i electricity is exported in k-1 moment DC sides photovoltaic
Pressure, sign are sign function mathematical operator, and meaning is as follows：
Wherein, x is independent variable；
(4) DC side reference voltage U is soughtrefi；
Work as power instructionMore than average active power PoiWhen, perform Urefi=Upvi(k)+Ustep×flagi；
Work as power instructionLess than or equal to average active power PoiWhen, if flagiMore than or equal to zero, U is performedrefi=
Upvi(k)+UstepIf flagiLess than zero, U is performedrefi=Upvi(k)-Ustep×flagi。
Preferably, described in step 6 photovoltaic panel reference power P is obtained by Voltage looprefiExpression formula be：
Prefi=(Upvi(k)-Urefi)Gdc(s)
Wherein, Gdc(s) it is DC voltage closed-loop proportional-integral adjuster, expression formula is：
Gdc(s)=kdcki+kdcpi/s
Wherein, kdckiFor photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i DC voltage closed loop proportional adjuster coefficients, kdcpiFor photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i
DC voltage closed loop integral adjuster coefficient, s is Laplace operator.
Preferably, the expression formula of power outer shroud and a pressure regulation equation described in step 7 is respectively：
Pdrefi=(Prefi-Poi)Gp(s)
Wherein, niFor the sagging coefficient of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i reactive powers, Gp(s) it is power closed-loop proportional-integral adjuster,
Expression formula is：
Gp(s)=kpki+kppi/s
Wherein, kpkiFor photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i power closed loop proportional adjuster coefficients, kppiIt is closed for photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i power
Ring integral controller coefficient, s are Laplace operator.
Preferably, current calculation method described in step 8 obtains electric current d axis instruction IcdrefiI is instructed with electric current q axiscqrefi's
Expression formula is respectively：
Preferably, the expression formula of d shaft currents closed-loop control equation described in step 9 and q shaft current closed-loop control equations is distinguished
For：
Uidi=(Icdrefi-ILdi)GI(s)
Uiqi=(Icqrefi-ILqi)GI(s)
Wherein, UidiFor d axis output signals, UiqiFor q axis output signals, GI(s) it is current closed-loop proportional controller, table
It is up to formula：
GI(s)=kIi
Wherein, kIiFor photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i current closed-loop proportional controller coefficients.
Photovoltaic virtual synchronous control method disclosed by the invention based on powerinjected method, with existing photovoltaic combining inverter
It compares, advantage is embodied in：
1st, this control method is only improved the control strategy of existing photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, is set without increasing additional energy storage
It is standby, it is cost-effective；
2nd, this control method makes photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter have the function of frequency modulation and voltage modulation, and realizes that system stablizes safe and reliable fortune
Row is realized friendly grid-connected；
3rd, powerinjected method of this control method based on fitting of a polynomial realizes the quick accurate tracking to power, carries
The high rapidity and stable state accuracy of photovoltaic generating system, the rotary inertia and damping simulation to synchronous generator are more accurate；
4th, this control method easily carries out realization transformation to photovoltaic plant, and a part of inverter is reserved in photovoltaic plant, right
Control strategy is improved, and entire power station is made to have frequency modulation and voltage modulation ability.
5th, it is flexibly controllable to realize photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter power output for this control method, and photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter is made to take into account PQ and network optimization
Gesture.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is photovoltaic virtual synchronous machine grid connected structure figure of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is photovoltaic virtual synchronous machine control structure block diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is photovoltaic virtual synchronous machine fitting of a polynomial schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is that the embodiment of the present invention adds in increasing and decreasing load power grid before and after the photovoltaic virtual synchronous generator using powerinjected method
Frequency changes waveform.
Fig. 5 is there is increasing and decreasing load output after the embodiment of the present invention adds in the photovoltaic virtual synchronous generator using powerinjected method
Work(power waveform.
Fig. 6 is added in for the embodiment of the present invention using increasing and decreasing load DC side electricity after powerinjected method photovoltaic virtual synchronous generator
Corrugating.
Fig. 7 is PCC point phase voltage d axis amplitude waveforms before and after addition photovoltaic virtual synchronous generator of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is reactive power output waveform before and after addition photovoltaic virtual synchronous generator of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present embodiment is specifically described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is photovoltaic virtual synchronous machine grid connected structure figure of the embodiment of the present invention.Design parameter is as follows：Inverter number is #i
=1.Inverter #i rated outputs line voltage is 380V/50Hz, DC side filter capacitor Cin=15mF, bridge arm side filter inductance Lf
Filter capacitor C is surveyed in=0.06mH, exchangef=300uF, net side filter inductance value are Lg=0.02mH, inverter rated capacity are
500KVA.The impedance of inverter #1 on lines is ZL=0.001+j0.001 Ω.
Fig. 2 is photovoltaic virtual synchronous generator control structure diagram of the embodiment of the present invention, it may be seen that present invention control
The step of method, is as follows：
Step 1 sets photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter number of units as n, and n represents inverter number for integer and n >=1, #i, and i is integer and i ∈
[1,n].In the present embodiment, n=1, inverter number #i are #1.
Step 2, the power P that photovoltaic battery panel maximum power point is obtained by off-line measurement methodMPP, maximum power point
Voltage UMPPWith open-circuit voltage Uoc；Sample photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i output phase voltages Uoai,Uobi,Uoci, and through the output phase voltage coordinate
Transformation equation obtains output voltage dq axis components Uodi,Uoqi, sampling photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i bridge arm inductive currents ILai,ILbi,ILci,
And obtain bridge arm inductive current dq axis components I through inductive current coordinate transformation equationLdi,ILqi, wherein d axis is active axis, and q axis is
Idle axis；Mains frequency ω is obtained by phaselocked loopg, sampling photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i is in the DC side photovoltaic output current at k moment
Ipvi(k) and photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i the k moment DC side photovoltaic output voltage Upvi(k)。
The off-line measurement method is as follows：Daily in Beijing time 5：00-21：During 00, in photovoltaic battery panel, institute is in place
It puts, integral point starts to measure temperature T and intensity of illumination Wd, and the power for measuring photovoltaic battery panel maximum power point is PMPP, maximum work
The voltage of rate point is UMPPIt is U with open-circuit voltageoc, time of measuring is 1 year.
The expression formula of the output phase voltage coordinate transformation equation is：
The expression formula of the inductive current coordinate transformation equation is：
More than in four formula, θ is the phase difference of d axis and q axis.
The mains frequency ωgCalculation formula be：
Wherein, ω0For the specified angular frequency of point of common coupling voltage, Kp_pllProportion adjustment system for phaselocked loop pi regulator
Number, Ki_pllFor the integral adjustment coefficient of phaselocked loop pi regulator, s is Laplace operator.In the present embodiment, T=25 DEG C of temperature
With intensity of illumination Wd=1000W/m2Under, PMPP=500KW, UMPP=645.4V, Uoc=839.2V, ω in phaselocked loop0=100 π
Rad/s, Kp_pll=0.5, Ki_pll=1.
Step 3, setting electrical network angular frequency a reference value ωrefP is instructed with photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i upper stratas active powerref0i, and root
The mains frequency ω obtained according to step 2g, equation is superimposed by power and obtains power instruction
The power instructionCalculation formula be：
Wherein, JiFor the virtual rotation inertia of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i, miActive sagging coefficient for photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i.This
P in embodimentref0i=0W, to prevent system overshoot excessive and making full use of inverter capacity, Ji=20kgm2, it is active sagging
Coefficient mi=6.2832e-06.
Step 4, according to the output voltage dq axis components U obtained in step 2odi,UoqiWith bridge arm inductive current dq axis components
ILdi,ILqiAverage active power P is obtained by power calculation equationoi。
The average active power PoiCalculation formula be：
Wherein TfFor the time constant of low-pass first order filter, T in this examplef=1e-4s.
Step 5, according to the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i obtained in step 2 the k moment DC side photovoltaic output current Ipvi(k)
With photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i the k moment DC side photovoltaic output voltage Upvi(k), the power instruction obtained in step 3And step
The average active power P obtained in rapid 4oi, DC side reference voltage is obtained by the power tracking method based on fitting of a polynomial
Urefi。
The power tracking method based on fitting of a polynomial includes two parts, and first part is passes through polynomial fitting method
Seek DC side reference voltage UrefiThe size of step-length, second part are to seek DC side reference voltage U by power tracking methodrefi's
Direction is specifically divided into following 5 steps, wherein, (1) belongs to first part, and (2)-(4) belong to second part.
(1) voltage step size U is soughtstep, calculation formula is：
WhenWhen, take Ustep=0；
WhenWhen, take Ustep=Uthreshold_high；
WhenWhen, it takes
Wherein,For non-limiting voltage step-length, Uthreshold_lowFor low-voltage step-length threshold value, Uthreshold_highFor high electricity
Press step-length threshold value.
(2) power Ps of the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i in k moment photovoltaic battery panels is calculatedpvi(k), calculation formula is：
Ppvi(k)=Upvi(k)·Ipvi(k)
Wherein, k indicates for the moment.
(3) the symbol flag of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i is calculatedi, calculation formula is：
flagi=sign (Ppvi(k)-Ppvi(k-1))×sign(Upvi(k)-Upvi(k-1))
Wherein, flagiFor the symbol of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i, Ppvi(k) for photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i in k moment photovoltaic electrics
The power of pond plate, Ppvi(k-1) for photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i in the power of k-1 moment photovoltaic battery panels, Upvi(k) it is photovoltaic inversion
Device #i is in k moment DC side photovoltaic output voltages, Upvi(k-1) for photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i electricity is exported in k-1 moment DC sides photovoltaic
Pressure, sign are sign function mathematical operator, and meaning is as follows：
Wherein, x is independent variable.
(4) DC side reference voltage U is soughtrefi。
Work as power instructionMore than average active power PoiWhen, perform Urefi=Upvi(k)+Ustep×flagi；
Work as power instructionLess than or equal to average active power PoiWhen, if flagiMore than or equal to zero, U is performedrefi=
Upvi(k)+UstepIf flagiLess than zero, U is performedrefi=Upvi(k)-Ustep×flagi。
Voltage step size UstepSize determine that polynomial fitting curve is as shown in figure 3, multinomial is bent according to polynomial curve
Line is a part for conic section, and vertex of a conic is the maximum power point (U of photovoltaic curveMPP, PMPP), and conic section
By (the U of photovoltaic curveoc, 0) and point, in the present embodiment, Uthreshold_low=0.3V, Uthreshold_high=100V, PMPP=
500KW, UMPP=645.4V, Uoc=839.2V.
Step 6, according to the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i obtained in step 2 the k moment DC side photovoltaic output voltage Upvi(k)
With the DC side reference voltage U obtained in step 5refi, photovoltaic panel reference power P is obtained by Voltage looprefi。
It is described to obtain photovoltaic panel reference power P by Voltage looprefiExpression formula be：
Prefi=(Upvi(k)-Urefi)Gdc(s)
Wherein, Gdc(s) it is DC voltage closed-loop proportional-integral adjuster, expression formula is：
Gdc(s)=kdcki+kdcpi/s
Wherein, kdckiFor photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i DC voltage closed loop proportional adjuster coefficients, kdcpiFor photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i
DC voltage closed loop integral adjuster coefficient, k in this exampledcki=6.5, kdcpi=1500.
Step 7, according to the photovoltaic panel reference power P obtained in step 6refiWith the average active power obtained in step 4
Poi, d axis active power instruction P is obtained through overpower outer shrouddrefi；Command voltage E is setdrefIt is idle with photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i upper stratas
Power instruction Qref0i, and according to the output voltage d axis components U obtained in step 2odi, idle work(is obtained by a pressure regulation equation
Rate instructs Qdrefi。
The expression formula of the power outer shroud and a pressure regulation equation is respectively：
Pdrefi=(Prefi-Poi)Gp(s)
Wherein, niFor the sagging coefficient of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i reactive powers, Gp(s) it is power closed-loop proportional-integral adjuster,
Expression formula is：
Gp(s)=kpki+kppi/s
Wherein, kpkiFor photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i power closed loop proportional adjuster coefficients, kppiIt is closed for photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i power
Ring integral controller coefficient.N is taken in this examplei=1/4000, kpki=0.7, kppi=1200,Qref0i=
0var。
Step 8, according to the output voltage d axis components U obtained in step 2odiRefer to the d axis active power obtained in step 7
Enable Pdrefi, reactive power instruction Qdrefi, electric current d axis instruction I is obtained by current calculation methodcdrefiIt is instructed with electric current q axis
Icqrefi。
The current calculation method obtains electric current d axis instruction IcdrefiI is instructed with electric current q axiscqrefiExpression formula be respectively：
The electric current d axis obtained in step 8 is instructed I by step 9cdrefiWith the bridge arm inductive current d axis point obtained in step 2
Measure ILdi, by d shaft current closed-loop control equations, obtain d axis output signal Usidi；The electric current q axis obtained in step 8 is instructed
IcqrefiWith the bridge arm inductive current q axis components I obtained in step 2Lqi, by q shaft current closed-loop control equations, it is defeated to obtain q axis
Go out signal Uiqi。
The expression formula of the d shaft currents closed-loop control equation and q shaft current closed-loop control equations is respectively：
Wherein, UidiFor d axis output signals, UiqiFor q axis output signals, GI(s) it is current closed-loop proportional controller, table
It is up to formula：
GI(s)=kIi
Wherein, kIiFor photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i current closed-loop proportional controller coefficients, k is taken in this exampleIi=40.
Step 10, the output voltage d axis components U that will be obtained in step 2odiWith output voltage q axis components UoqiIt adds respectively
The d axis output signal Us obtained in step 9idiWith q axis output signal Usiqi, obtain the modulating wave U under dq coordinate systemsmdiAnd Umqi,
Expression formula is respectively：
Step 11, by the modulating wave U under dq coordinate systems in step 10mdiAnd UmqiInverter is obtained through coordinate inverse transformation equation
The three-phase modulations wave U of bridge arm voltagemai,Umbi,Umci, the drive signal after PWM modulation as IGBT circuits.
The expression formula of the coordinate inverse transformation equation is：
Umai=Umdicosθ+Umqisinθ
Wherein, θ is the phase difference of d axis and q axis.
Invention is suitable for the centralized three-phase photovoltaic inverter of tradition in the present embodiment.It is the contraries of 500KW tri- shown in Fig. 1 below
Become the simulation waveform that device system adds in powerinjected method algorithm.
Photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter uses photovoltaic virtual synchronous motor algorithm, and when 0s is incorporated into the power networks, and impact 400KW is public during 0.25s
Resistive load, in 1.00s bust 200KW resistive loads.
Fig. 4 is increasing and decreasing load mains frequency variation waveform before and after the photovoltaic virtual synchronous machine for increasing powerinjected method, adds in light
Before lying prostrate virtual synchronous machine, load mains frequency of uprushing falls comparatively fast and deviation a reference value is larger, adds in frequency after virtual synchronous machine
Fall and slow down, and deviate benchmark extent value and reduce, bust load, which is compared, does not add in photovoltaic virtual synchronous machine, and it is virtually same to add in photovoltaic
After step machine, deviate benchmark extent value and reduce and inertia and damping bigger, therefore power grid is increased after adding in photovoltaic virtual synchronous machine
Inertia and damping.
Fig. 5 is to add in increasing and decreasing load active power of output waveform after the photovoltaic virtual synchronous generator using powerinjected method,
After adding in the photovoltaic virtual synchronous generator using fitting of a polynomial, average active power follows preferably to power instruction.
Fig. 6 is to add in increasing and decreasing load DC voltage waveform after the photovoltaic virtual synchronous generator using powerinjected method.Directly
It is stepped to flow sidelight volt output voltage, and in the dynamic process of power output, DC side photovoltaic output voltage ladder is larger, i.e.,
Step-length is larger, ensures trace performance, and in steady-state process, ladder is smaller, ensures smaller steady-state error, direct current in whole process
Sidelight volt output voltage can quickly track DC side reference voltage.
Photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter uses photovoltaic virtual synchronous motor algorithm, and when 0s is incorporated into the power networks, and 0.30s uprushes 100Kvar perception
Load, 0.70s add in photovoltaic virtual synchronous algorithm.
Fig. 7 is PCC point phase voltage d axis amplitude waveforms before and after addition photovoltaic virtual synchronous generator.It is virtually same to add in photovoltaic
Before step, inductive load of uprushing, PCC Voltage Drops are larger, add in virtual synchronous algorithm after, fall gone up when rise amplitude compared with
It is small, this is because need to ensure the higher power factor of inverter, reactive power output is limited, is also limited under reactive power
Hang down coefficient.
Fig. 8 is reactive power output waveform before and after addition photovoltaic virtual synchronous generator.Before adding in photovoltaic virtual synchronous, nothing
Work(power output is 0, and inverter does not have power grid pressure regulation effect, and after adding in virtual synchronous algorithm, reactive power starts to export, right
Network voltage plays certain supporting role.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of photovoltaic virtual synchronous control method based on powerinjected method includes the acquisition of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter output phase voltage,
It is characterized in that, step is as follows：
Step 1 sets photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter number of units as n, and n represents inverter number for integer and n >=1, #i, i for integer and i ∈ [1,
n]；
Step 2, the power P that photovoltaic battery panel maximum power point is obtained by off-line measurement methodMPP, maximum power point voltage
UMPPWith open-circuit voltage Uoc；Sample photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i output phase voltages Uoai,Uobi,Uoci, and converted through the output phase voltage coordinate
Equation obtains output voltage dq axis components Uodi,Uoqi, sampling photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i bridge arm inductive currents ILai,ILbi,ILci, and pass through
Inductive current coordinate transformation equation obtains bridge arm inductive current dq axis components ILdi,ILqi, wherein d axis is active axis, and q axis is idle
Axis；Mains frequency ω is obtained by phaselocked loopg, sampling photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i is in the DC side photovoltaic output current I at k momentpvi
(k) and photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i the k moment DC side photovoltaic output voltage Upvi(k)；
Step 3, setting electrical network angular frequency a reference value ωrefP is instructed with photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i upper stratas active powerref0i, and according to step
Rapid 2 obtained mains frequency ωg, equation is superimposed by power and obtains power instruction
Step 4, according to the output voltage dq axis components U obtained in step 2odi,UoqiWith bridge arm inductive current dq axis components ILdi,
ILqi, average active power P is obtained by power calculation equationoi；
Step 5, according to the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i obtained in step 2 the k moment DC side photovoltaic output current Ipvi(k) and light
Lie prostrate DC side photovoltaic output voltage Us of the inverter #i at the k momentpvi(k), the power instruction obtained in step 3With in step 4
Obtained average active power Poi, DC side reference voltage U is obtained by the power tracking method based on fitting of a polynomialrefi；
Step 6, according to the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i obtained in step 2 the k moment DC side photovoltaic output voltage Upvi(k) it and walks
The DC side reference voltage U obtained in rapid 5refi, photovoltaic panel reference power P is obtained by Voltage looprefi；
Step 7, according to the photovoltaic panel reference power P obtained in step 6refiWith the average active power P obtained in step 4oi, warp
Overpower outer shroud obtains d axis active power instruction Pdrefi；Command voltage E is setdrefWith photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i upper stratas reactive power
Instruct Qref0i, and according to the output voltage d axis components U obtained in step 2odi, reactive power is obtained by a pressure regulation equation and is referred to
Enable Qdrefi；
Step 8, according to the output voltage d axis components U obtained in step 2odiWith the d axis active power instruction obtained in step 7
Pdrefi, reactive power instruction Qdrefi, electric current d axis instruction I is obtained by current calculation methodcdrefiIt is instructed with electric current q axis
Icqrefi；
The electric current d axis obtained in step 8 is instructed I by step 9cdrefiWith the bridge arm inductive current d axis components obtained in step 2
ILdi, by d shaft current closed-loop control equations, obtain d axis output signal Usidi；The electric current q axis obtained in step 8 is instructed
IcqrefiWith the bridge arm inductive current q axis components I obtained in step 2Lqi, by q shaft current closed-loop control equations, it is defeated to obtain q axis
Go out signal Uiqi；
Step 10, the output voltage d axis components U that will be obtained in step 2odiWith output voltage q axis components UoqiStep 9 is added respectively
In obtained d axis output signal UsidiWith q axis output signal Usiqi, obtain the modulating wave U under dq coordinate systemsmdiAnd Umqi, expression
Formula is respectively：
Step 11, by the modulating wave U under the dq coordinate systems obtained in step 10mdiAnd UmqiInversion is obtained through coordinate inverse transformation equation
The three-phase modulations wave U of device bridge arm voltagemai,Umbi,Umci, the drive signal after PWM modulation as IGBT circuits.
2. the photovoltaic virtual synchronous control method according to claim 1 based on powerinjected method, it is characterised in that：Step 2
The mains frequency ωgCalculation formula be：
Wherein, ω0For the specified angular frequency of point of common coupling voltage, Kp_pllFor the proportional control factor of phaselocked loop pi regulator,
Ki_pllFor the integral adjustment coefficient of phaselocked loop pi regulator, s is Laplace operator.
3. the photovoltaic virtual synchronous control method according to claim 1 based on powerinjected method, it is characterised in that：Step 3
It is described that equation acquisition power instruction is superimposed by powerCalculation formula be：
Wherein, JiFor the virtual rotation inertia of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i, s is Laplace operator, miFor the active of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i
Sagging coefficient.
4. the photovoltaic virtual synchronous control method according to claim 1 based on powerinjected method, it is characterised in that：Step 4
It is described that average active power P is obtained by power calculation equationoiCalculation formula be：
Wherein TfFor the time constant of low-pass first order filter, s is Laplace operator.
5. the photovoltaic virtual synchronous control method according to claim 1 based on powerinjected method, it is characterised in that：Step 5
The power tracking method based on fitting of a polynomial includes the following steps：
(1) voltage step size U is soughtstep, calculation formula is：
WhenWhen, take Ustep=0；
WhenWhen, take Ustep=Uthreshold_high；
WhenWhen, it takes
Wherein,For non-limiting voltage step-length, UstepFor voltage step size, Uthreshold_lowFor low-voltage step-length threshold value,
Uthreshold_highFor high voltage steps threshold value；
(2) power Ps of the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i in k moment photovoltaic battery panels is calculatedpvi(k), calculation formula is：
Ppvi(k)=Upvi(k)·Ipvi(k)
Wherein, k indicates for the moment；
(3) the symbol flag of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i is calculatedi, calculation formula is：
flagi=sign (Ppvi(k)-Ppvi(k-1))×sign(Upvi(k)-Upvi(k-1))
Wherein, flagiFor the symbol of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i, Ppvi(k) for photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i in k moment photovoltaic battery panels
Power, Ppvi(k-1) for photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i in the power of k-1 moment photovoltaic battery panels, Upvi(k) for photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i in k
Moment DC side photovoltaic output voltage, Upvi(k-1) for photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i in k-1 moment DC side photovoltaic output voltages, sign
For sign function mathematical operator, meaning is as follows：
Wherein, x is independent variable；
(4) DC side reference voltage U is soughtrefi；
Work as power instructionMore than average active power PoiWhen, perform Urefi=Upvi(k)+Ustep×flagi；
Work as power instructionLess than or equal to average active power PoiWhen, if flagiMore than or equal to zero, U is performedrefi=Upvi(k)
+UstepIf flagiLess than zero, U is performedrefi=Upvi(k)-Ustep×flagi。
6. the photovoltaic virtual synchronous control method according to claim 1 based on powerinjected method, it is characterised in that：Step 6
It is described to obtain photovoltaic panel reference power P by Voltage looprefiExpression formula be：
Prefi=(Upvi(k)-Urefi)Gdc(s)
Wherein, Gdc(s) it is DC voltage closed-loop proportional-integral adjuster, expression formula is：
Gdc(s)=kdcki+kdcpi/s
Wherein, kdckiFor photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i DC voltage closed loop proportional adjuster coefficients, kdcpiFor photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i direct currents
Side voltage close loop integral controller coefficient, s is Laplace operator.
7. the photovoltaic virtual synchronous control method according to claim 1 based on powerinjected method, it is characterised in that：Step 7
The expression formula of the power outer shroud and a pressure regulation equation is respectively：
Pdrefi=(Prefi-Poi)Gp(s)
Wherein, niFor the sagging coefficient of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i reactive powers, Gp(s) it is power closed-loop proportional-integral adjuster, expression
Formula is：
Gp(s)=kpki+kppi/s
Wherein, kpkiFor photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i power closed loop proportional adjuster coefficients, kppiIt is accumulated for photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i power closed loop
Divide adjuster coefficient, s is Laplace operator.
8. the photovoltaic virtual synchronous control method according to claim 1 based on powerinjected method, it is characterised in that：Step 8
The current calculation method obtains electric current d axis instruction IcdrefiI is instructed with electric current q axiscqrefiExpression formula be respectively：
9. the photovoltaic virtual synchronous control method according to claim 1 based on powerinjected method, it is characterised in that：Step 9
The expression formula of the d shaft currents closed-loop control equation and q shaft current closed-loop control equations is respectively：
Uidi=(Icdrefi-ILdi)GI(s)
Uiqi=(Icqrefi-ILqi)GI(s)
Wherein, UidiFor d axis output signals, UiqiFor q axis output signals, GI(s) it is current closed-loop proportional controller, expression formula
For：
GI(s)=kIi
Wherein, kIiFor photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter #i current closed-loop proportional controller coefficients.
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