CN110429611B - Static var compensator sequence impedance modeling and control parameter adjusting method - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
- H02J3/1821—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators
- H02J3/1835—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators with stepless control
- H02J3/1842—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators with stepless control wherein at least one reactive element is actively controlled by a bridge converter, e.g. active filters
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Abstract
The invention discloses a static var compensator sequence impedance modeling and control parameter adjustment method, which belongs to the field of power system modeling and analysis, wherein under a three-phase static phase coordinate system, a phase-locked loop PLL and a reactive power outer loop are considered, so that impedance modeling of an output positive sequence impedance model of SVG under a constant reactive power control mode, impedance sensitivity analysis of SVG control parameters and SVG control parameters are established, and for the SVG control parameters, the SVG control parameters are ordered according to the influence on the system SSO stability, and the proposed SVG control parameter adjustment is beneficial to improving the grid-connected SSO stability of a wind power plant. And the risk of subsynchronous oscillation of the reactive power compensation device connected to the wind power plant is effectively prevented from being deteriorated. The SVG control mode and parameter adjustment scheme with the function of improving the SSO stability of the system can be formulated; and the correctness and the effectiveness of the impedance sensitivity analysis and parameter adjustment scheme are verified through the time domain simulation result.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of modeling and analysis of power systems, and particularly relates to a static var compensator sequence impedance modeling and control parameter adjustment method, in particular to a static var compensator sequence impedance calculation and parameter adjustment scheme considering a reactive outer ring so as to prevent the subsynchronous oscillation risk of a reactive compensation device connected into a wind power plant from being deteriorated.
Background
Actual engineering shows that the voltage fluctuation or instability of the system caused by the insufficient dynamic reactive compensation capability of the wind power plant is a main reason for large-scale off-grid of the wind power plant, and in order to prevent the occurrence of the accident, the wind power plant is often provided with a reactive compensation device. The SVG (static var generator, SVG) has the advantages of flexible control and wide application range, and is widely applied to large-scale wind power grid-connected systems at present. SVG is a dynamic reactive power compensation device based on a high-power inverter, and the dynamic reactive power compensation and harmonic wave treatment device takes the high-power three-phase voltage inverter as a core, and the output voltage of the high-power three-phase voltage inverter is connected into a system through a connecting reactance. Therefore, a method for adjusting parameters of SVG to inhibit SSO needs to be studied.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for modeling the sequence impedance of a static var compensator and adjusting control parameters, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: under a three-phase static coordinate system, deducing and establishing an impedance transfer function of a phase-locked loop (PLL) based on a small signal disturbance method;
s2: establishing a reactive power outer loop impedance transfer function;
s3: establishing an analytic expression of SVG positive sequence impedance to obtain an impedance-frequency curve of SVG under a constant reactive power control mode;
s4: based on sensitivity analysis, an adjustment scheme of SVG control parameters is given, the influence of SVG positive sequence impedance on SVG control parameters is calculated and obtained in a 60-80Hz interval by analyzing the impedance sensitivity of SVG positive sequence impedance to SVG control parameters, and the adjustment scheme of SVG control parameters is given so as to inhibit subsynchronous oscillation SSO. Phase-locked loop PLL impedance transfer function modeling
The impedance transfer function of the PLL is established by injecting positive sequence voltage disturbance at SVG grid-connected points, and the transfer function of the PLL is as follows:
wherein ,
in the formula ,Kspp Proportional gain for PLL; k (K) spi The gain is integrated for the PLL.
The reactive power outer loop impedance transfer function adopts a mode of directly calculating and outputting a current reference value, namely a d-axis current reference value i, when SVG is under constant reactive power control d_ref Calculated from the following formula:
in the formula ,Qs_ref Is a reactive power reference value; q (Q) s Outputting a reactive power instantaneous value for the SVG; u is the PCC point voltage amplitude;
d-axis current reference i d_ref The impedance frequency domain analysis expression of the disturbance quantity is as follows:
in the formula ,
G i (s) is a first order inertial link transfer function; u (U) 1 Is the amplitude of the fundamental voltage; />
Is the primary phase of the fundamental voltage; f (f) 1 Is the frequency of the fundamental voltage. U (U) p Is the amplitude of the positive sequence voltage disturbance applied; />
Is the primary phase of the positive sequence voltage disturbance.
Step S4 is to intuitively reflect the influence of wind power plants and SVG control parameter changes on SSO characteristics of system subsynchronous oscillation by solving the impedance sensitivity of SVG control parameters, determine the dominant factors influencing the SSO characteristics of the grid-connected system of the direct-driven wind power plant, and directly reflect the influence of the SVG impedance on the SSO characteristics of the grid-connected system by the parameter changes; the SSO oscillation frequency of the direct-driven wind farm grid-connected system is mostly between 60 and 80 Hz; the result of frequency division analysis on the impedance sensitivity corresponding to each SVG control parameter shows that the current inner loop proportional gain K in the SVG control parameters sip The corresponding real part sensitivity and imaginary part sensitivity of the impedance are larger than other parameters in value, which indicates that K in the SVG control parameters sip The change has the greatest effect on the SSO characteristics of the grid-connected system.
The SVG output positive sequence impedance model is established, dominant factors affecting the grid-connected SSO stability of the wind power plant in SVG control parameters are determined by adopting an impedance sensitivity analysis mode, and on the basis, the influence of the SVG control mode and the control parameters on the SSO stability of the system is specifically analyzed by combining impedance stability criteria, so that an SVG control mode and a parameter adjustment scheme with the effect of improving the SSO stability of the system can be formulated; and the correctness and the effectiveness of the impedance sensitivity analysis and parameter adjustment scheme are verified through the time domain simulation result.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a grid-connected system of a direct-drive wind farm;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of SVG circuit topology and control strategy;
FIG. 3 (a) (b) is a plot of real impedance sensitivity versus frequency versus imaginary impedance sensitivity versus frequency for a wind farm control parameter;
FIG. 4 (a) (b) is a plot of real sensitivity versus frequency versus imaginary sensitivity versus frequency versus the impedance of SVG control parameters;
FIG. 5 (a) (b) is a plot of the impedance sensitivity versus frequency for each of the parameters of SVG in the 60-80Hz interval.
FIG. 6 is a waveform of active power output from a wind farm
FIG. 7 is K sip Wind farm output active power waveform after change
FIG. 8 is K sdcp Wind farm output active power waveform after change
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for modeling the sequence impedance of a static var compensator and adjusting control parameters,
the method for calculating the sequence impedance and adjusting the parameters of the static var compensator is carried out under the condition of considering a reactive outer ring and comprises the following steps:
s1: under a three-phase static coordinate system, based on a small signal disturbance method, deducing and establishing an impedance transfer function of a phase-locked loop (PLL);
s2: establishing a reactive power outer loop impedance transfer function;
s3: and establishing an analytic expression of the SVG positive sequence impedance to obtain an impedance-frequency curve of the SVG under a constant reactive power control mode.
S4: an adjustment scheme for SVG control parameters is given based on sensitivity analysis. The influence of SVG control parameter variation in the 60-80Hz interval is obtained by calculating and analyzing the impedance sensitivity of SVG positive sequence impedance to SVG control parameters, and an adjustment scheme of SVG control parameters is provided to inhibit subsynchronous oscillation SSO.
The invention is further illustrated in the following figures and examples.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a grid-connected system of a direct-drive wind farm with a reactive compensation device. And after the step-up transformer is used for step-up from 0.69kV to 35kV, each direct-drive wind turbine generator is led into a 35kV bus, and SVG is directly connected into the 35kV bus. The direct-drive wind power plant and the static var compensator SVG are boosted from 35kV to 500kV through a 35kV power transmission line and a booster transformer and are integrated into a 500kV alternating-current main power grid.
The SVG circuit structure and control strategy as shown in FIG. 2; SVG is controlled by PWM inverter circuit, wherein u is as follows ia 、u ib 、u ic Is the inverter outlet voltage; u (u) a 、u b 、u c and ia 、i b 、i c SVG grid-connected point voltage and current; u (U) dc Is the direct current side input voltage; c (C) dc Is a direct current side capacitor; inductance L s And capacitor C s Forming an LC filter circuit; x is X T Is the equivalent reactance of the step-up transformer connected with the SVG.
In order to obtain a sequence impedance model of the SVG under a three-phase static coordinate system, injecting harmonic voltages at a PCC (point of common coupling, PCC) point of a grid-connected point of the SVG, and generating harmonic current response in an output current of the SVG after the disturbance passes through a control loop and a main circuit; and the output positive and negative sequence impedance model under the SVG three-phase static coordinate system can be obtained by analyzing the amplitude and the phase of the harmonic voltage and the current.
And adding a positive sequence small signal voltage disturbance into a PCC point of the wind power grid-connected system, wherein the PCC point three-phase voltage analysis formula is shown in a formula (1-1).
in the formula ,U1 Is the amplitude of the fundamental voltage;
is the primary phase of the fundamental voltage; f (f) 1 Is the frequency of the fundamental voltage. U (U) p Is the amplitude of the positive sequence voltage disturbance applied; />
Is the primary phase of positive sequence voltage disturbance; f (f) p Is the frequency of the positive sequence harmonic voltage.
(1) Phase-locked loop PLL impedance transfer function modeling
Injecting positive sequence voltage disturbance at SVG grid-connected point, and the transfer function of the phase-locked loop PLL is as follows:
wherein ,
in the formula ,Kspp Proportional gain for PLL；K spi The gain is integrated for the PLL.
After positive sequence voltage disturbance is injected into the grid-connected point, a current response is generated in the system, and the PCC point current is subjected to abc-dq conversion to obtain a PLL impedance transfer function analysis expression of a frequency domain, wherein the PLL impedance transfer function analysis expression is shown in the formula (1-3).
(2) Reactive power outer loop impedance transfer function modeling
The control mode of the SVG in the constant reactive mode is shown in fig. 2. When SVG is under constant reactive power control, the invention adopts a mode of directly calculating and outputting current reference value, namely d-axis current reference value i d_ref Calculated from the following formula:
in the formula ,Qs_ref Is a reactive power reference value; q (Q) s Outputting a reactive power instantaneous value for the SVG; u is the PCC point voltage magnitude.
The SVG reactive power instantaneous value can be obtained by a power calculation module, and the relationship between reactive power and voltage and current in the dq coordinate system is as follows:
in the formula ,ud 、u q 、i d 、i q The d and q axis components of the PCC point voltage and current, respectively.
Since the SVG output active power is close to 0 in steady state, the PCC point current q-axis steady state component i q0 Approximately 0, the three-phase voltage vector is fixed on the-q axis, and therefore, the d-axis component u of the PCC point voltage d0 =0, so the reactive power disturbance quantity:
in the formula ,Δuq The disturbance quantity of the voltage q axis of the PCC point; Δi d The disturbance quantity of the current d-axis of the PCC point; i.e d0 Is the d-axis steady-state component of the PCC point current; u (u) q0 Is the q-axis steady-state component of the PCC point voltage.
Will Deltau q 、Δi d Substitution into equation (4-12) can obtain a frequency domain analytical expression:
according to the formulas (1-7), the d-axis current reference value i can be obtained d_ref The impedance frequency domain analysis expression of the disturbance quantity is as follows:
in the formula ,
G i and(s) is a first-order inertial member transfer function.
(3) Establishing SVG positive and negative sequence impedance analysis expression
Under SVG constant reactive power control mode, dq axis current decoupling control link outputs signal U ds 、U qs The disturbance quantity frequency domain analysis expression is shown in the following formula (1-9):
PWM modulation signal m a 、m b 、m c The relation (1-10) between the PCC point voltage and the current is shown as follows:
in the formula ,Km To be an inverterAnd outputting the gain.
The combined type (1-9) (1-10) can obtain the positive sequence impedance analysis expression under the SVG constant reactive power control mode, and the positive sequence impedance analysis expression is shown as the formula (1-11).
(4) Sensitivity analysis based adjustment scheme of SVG control parameters to suppress subsynchronous oscillation
The influence of the wind power plant and SVG control parameter change on the system subsynchronous oscillation (subsynchronous oscillation, SSO) characteristic is intuitively reflected by solving the impedance sensitivity of the SVG control parameter, and the dominant factor influencing the SSO characteristic of the grid-connected system of the direct-drive wind power plant is determined.
Impedance Z of each SVG positive sequence sp (s) the impedance sensitivity function to the control parameter K is denoted as Z K (s) the calculation formula is shown as (1-12)
in the formula ,Zsp (s) is the SVG positive sequence impedance.
SVG impedance versus SVG control parameter K can be obtained according to formulas (1-12) sip 、K sii 、K sdcp 、K sdci 、K spp 、K spi Impedance sensitivity function Z of (2) ksip (j2πf)、Z ksii (j2πf)、Z ksdcp (j2πf)、Z ksdci (j2πf)、Z kspp (j2πf)、Z kspi (j2πf)。
Taking a wind power plant in Hami area of Xinjiang as an example, carrying out equivalent treatment on 500 wind power motor sets in a nearby area, and forming one SVG equivalent connected to a wind power collecting bus. When the output level of each fan is 6.7%, the SVG compensation reactive power is 14MVar, the system impedance is shown in a graph of impedance real part sensitivity-frequency and a graph of impedance imaginary part sensitivity-frequency of the wind power plant control parameters in FIG. 3 (a) (b); the real-impedance sensitivity-frequency curve of the system impedance versus the SVG control parameter and the imaginary-impedance sensitivity-frequency curve are shown in fig. 4 (a) (b).
The magnitude of the SVG impedance to control parameter impedance sensitivity value directly reflects the magnitude of the influence of parameter change on the SSO characteristic of the grid-connected system. In addition, as can be seen from fig. 4 (a) and (b), the values of the impedance sensitivities corresponding to the SVG control parameters at different frequencies are different, so that the impedance sensitivities corresponding to the SVG control parameters are analyzed in a frequency division manner. FIG. 5 (a) (b) shows the impedance sensitivity versus frequency curves for each parameter of SVG in the (60, 80) Hz interval. The result shows that in SVG control parameters, the current inner loop proportion gain K sip The corresponding real part sensitivity and imaginary part sensitivity of the impedance are larger than other parameters in value, which indicates that K in the SVG control parameters sip The change has the greatest effect on the SSO characteristics of the grid-connected system.
Fig. 5 (a) (b) shows that the SVG control parameters are generally ordered by magnitude of impact on the SSO characteristics of the system as follows: current inner loop proportional gain K sip Direct voltage outer loop proportional gain K sdcp Current inner loop integral gain K sii Phase-locked loop proportional gain K spp Direct voltage outer loop integral gain K sdci Phase-locked loop integral gain K spi 。
In summary, the SVG output positive sequence impedance model is established by taking the SVG widely applied in the wind power plant as an example, the dominant factors influencing the grid-connected SSO stability of the wind power plant in the SVG control parameters are determined by adopting an impedance sensitivity analysis mode, and on the basis, the influence of different SVG control modes and control parameters on the SSO stability of the system is specifically analyzed by combining the impedance stability criterion, so that the SVG control modes and parameter adjustment schemes with the effect of improving the SSO stability of the system can be formulated. The time domain simulation results verify the correctness and effectiveness of the impedance sensitivity analysis and parameter adjustment scheme.
The invention sets the equivalent impedance R of the power grid in the time domain simulation model of the grid-connected system of the direct-driven wind power plant g ＝0、L g =5.7 mu H, the output level of each fan is 6.7%, SVG is operated in a grid-connected mode when the SVG compensation reactive power is 14Mvar and 2s,the wind farm output active power time domain simulation waveform is shown in fig. 6. Keeping other parameters in the model unchanged, and independently adding K to the model sip Increasing to 2, and outputting an active power waveform of the wind farm as shown in fig. 7; keeping other parameters in the model unchanged, and independently adding K to the model sdcp Increasing to 30, the wind farm output active power waveform is shown in FIG. 8.
By comparing FIG. 6 with FIG. 7, the gain K is proportional to the loop in SVG current sip Is a transition from SSO unstable state to stable state, and the risk of the system developing unstable SSO is reduced. The comparison of FIGS. 6 and 8 shows that the DC voltage outer loop proportional gain K follows SVG sdcp Is a transition from SSO unstable state to stable state, and the risk of the system developing unstable SSO is reduced. The comparison of FIGS. 7 and 8 shows that when K sip 、K sdcp When the equal proportion is increased, K sip The impact on system SSO stability is greater than K sdcp This conclusion is consistent with the results of impedance sensitivity analysis. The time domain simulation results verify the correctness and effectiveness of the impedance sensitivity analysis and parameter adjustment scheme.
Claims (1)
1. A method for modeling the sequence impedance of a static var compensator and adjusting control parameters is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: under a three-phase static coordinate system, deducing and establishing an impedance transfer function of a phase-locked loop (PLL) based on a small signal disturbance method; the impedance transfer function of the PLL is established by injecting positive sequence voltage disturbance at SVG grid-connected points, and the transfer function of the PLL is as follows:
wherein ,
in the formula ,Kspp Proportional gain for PLL; k (K) spi Integrating the gain for the PLL; u (U) 1 Is the amplitude of the fundamental voltage;
s2: establishing a reactive power outer loop impedance transfer function; the reactive power outer loop impedance transfer function adopts a mode of directly calculating and outputting a current reference value, namely a d-axis current reference value i, when SVG is under constant reactive power control d_ref Calculated from the following formula:
in the formula ,Qs_ref Is a reactive power reference value; q (Q) s Outputting a reactive power instantaneous value for the SVG; u is the PCC point voltage amplitude;
d-axis current reference i d_ref The impedance frequency domain analysis expression of the disturbance quantity is as follows:
in the formula ,
G i (s) is a first order inertial link transfer function; />
Is the primary phase of the fundamental voltage; />
Is the primary phase of positive sequence voltage disturbance; f (f) 1 Is the frequency of the fundamental voltage; u (U) p Is the amplitude of the positive sequence voltage disturbance applied;
s3: establishing SVG positive and negative sequence impedance analysis expression
Under SVG constant reactive power control mode, dq axis current decoupling control link outputs signal U ds 、U qs The disturbance quantity frequency domain analysis expression is:
wherein ,Udc Is the direct current side input voltage; c (C) dc Is a direct current side capacitor;
PWM modulation signal m a 、m b 、m c The relation with PCC point voltage and current is:
wherein ,Km For the inverter output gain, L s Is an inductance, C s Is a capacitor;
the simultaneous formulas (1-9) (1-10) obtain the positive sequence impedance analysis expression under the SVG constant reactive power control mode:
establishing an analytic expression of SVG positive sequence impedance to obtain an impedance-frequency curve of SVG under a constant reactive power control mode;
s4: based on sensitivity analysis, an adjustment scheme of SVG control parameters is given, and the impedance sensitivity of SVG positive sequence impedance to SVG control parameters is analyzed to enable each SVG positive sequence impedance Z sp (s) the impedance sensitivity function to the control parameter K is denoted as Z K (s) the calculation formula is
Obtaining SVG impedance versus SVG control parameter K according to formulas (1-12) sip 、K sii 、K sdcp 、K sdci 、K spp 、K spi Is Z ksip (j2πf)、Z ksii (j2πf)、Z ksdcp (j2πf)、Z ksdci (j2πf)、Z kspp (j2πf)、Z kspi (j 2 pi f); wherein K is sip Is an inner current loopProportional gain, K sii K is the integral gain of the inner loop of the current sdcp Is the direct-current voltage outer ring proportional gain, K sdci For the integral gain of the DC voltage outer ring, K spp For phase-locked loop proportional gain, K spi Integrating the gain for the phase-locked loop;
calculating to obtain the influence of the SVG control parameter change in the 60-80Hz interval, arranging the SVG control parameter, and providing an adjustment scheme of the SVG control parameter to inhibit subsynchronous oscillation SSO;
the SSO for restraining the subsynchronous oscillation is characterized in that the impedance sensitivity of SVG control parameters is obtained to intuitively reflect the wind power plant, and the influence of SVG control parameter changes on SSO characteristics of the subsynchronous oscillation system is used for determining dominant factors influencing SSO characteristics of a grid-connected system of the direct-drive wind power plant; the magnitude of SVG impedance to control parameter impedance sensitivity value directly reflects the magnitude of influence of parameter change to SSO characteristic of the grid-connected system; the SSO oscillation frequency of the direct-driven wind farm grid-connected system is mostly between 60 and 80 Hz; the result of frequency division analysis on the impedance sensitivity corresponding to each SVG control parameter shows that the current inner loop proportional gain K in the SVG control parameters sip The corresponding real part sensitivity and imaginary part sensitivity of the impedance are larger than other parameters in value, which indicates that K in the SVG control parameters sip The change has the greatest effect on the SSO characteristics of the grid-connected system.
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| CN111103524B (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2022-07-29 | 华帝股份有限公司 | Disturbance signal injection method based on linear circuit |
| CN112217203B (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2022-11-25 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Direct-drive wind power plant subsynchronous oscillation equivalence method capable of keeping model structure |
| CN112881822B (en) * | 2021-01-07 | 2023-06-02 | 国网河北省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Detection method and equipment for voltage control function of wind farm |
| CN116093942B (en) * | 2023-04-06 | 2023-07-04 | 广东电网有限责任公司珠海供电局 | Construction method, device, terminal and medium for frequency division impedance model of frequency division frequency converter |
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