CN110429563B - A kind of intelligent prevention and control method of electrical fire - Google Patents
A kind of intelligent prevention and control method of electrical fire Download PDFInfo
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- CN110429563B CN110429563B CN201910726326.5A CN201910726326A CN110429563B CN 110429563 B CN110429563 B CN 110429563B CN 201910726326 A CN201910726326 A CN 201910726326A CN 110429563 B CN110429563 B CN 110429563B
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- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000016507 interphase Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013528 artificial neural network Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009527 percussion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001012 protector Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005662 electromechanics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/26—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents
- H02H3/32—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors
- H02H3/325—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors involving voltage comparison
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种电气火灾智能防控方法，具体步骤为：1、通过实验采集数据，建立正常用电放电与故障放电特征数据库；2、使用组合式电流传感器实时获取所保护电路的电性能技术参数；3、对实时采集的数据进行计算处理，与数据库中的正常用电放电和故障放电特性数据进行比较，判断电路是否故障放电和进一步判断故障放电类型；4、判断故障放电的能量是否达到研究该类型故障设定的引发火灾的最小能量值，达到或超出则给脱钩机构脱扣发送信号及时脱扣切断故障放电；5、判断电压是否超出规定的阈值范围，低于或超过规定的电压值则给脱钩机构脱扣发送信号及时脱扣切断电路，同时将故障信号推送到相应的管理平台；本发明能有效控制和防止电气火灾。
The invention discloses an intelligent prevention and control method for electrical fire. The specific steps are: 1. Collecting data through experiments to establish a characteristic database of normal power consumption discharge and fault discharge; 2. Using a combined current sensor to obtain the electrical performance of a protected circuit in real time Technical parameters; 3. Calculate and process the data collected in real time, compare with the normal power discharge and fault discharge characteristic data in the database, judge whether the circuit is faulty discharge and further judge the type of fault discharge; 4. Determine whether the energy of fault discharge is not Reach the minimum energy value that can cause a fire set by researching this type of fault, and if it reaches or exceeds, it will send a signal to the tripping mechanism to trip and cut off the fault discharge in time; 5. Determine whether the voltage exceeds the specified threshold range, lower than or exceeds the specified threshold The voltage value sends a signal to the tripping mechanism to trip and cut off the circuit in time, and at the same time pushes the fault signal to the corresponding management platform; the invention can effectively control and prevent electrical fires.
Description
Technical Field
The invention can be widely applied to the technical fields of fire fighting, electric power, electromechanics and the like in activities such as life, production, management and the like of people, and particularly relates to an intelligent electric fire prevention and control method.
Background
The protector for protecting the overload, short circuit, electric leakage, residual current and the like of the whole loop used by the existing circuit is a technical protection measure aiming at protecting the circuit and personal safety, and the protection of the short circuit, the overcurrent, the electric leakage and the residual current can be triggered to trip out the protection circuit or the personal safety only when the protector occurs, namely the protector has a protection effect on the faults of the overload, the short circuit, the electric leakage and the residual current of the whole loop, and the protector is a target which is already determined by the research and development of electrical engineers. However, a large number of experiments prove that an ignition source capable of causing a fire disaster is generated when the protectors jump off, and if the fault point combustion conditions are met, the fire disaster is inevitable. Therefore, the ignition source generated by short circuit, overcurrent, electric leakage and residual current electrical fault is not controlled. A large number of experiments also prove that the protectors have no protective effect on interphase high-impedance discharge, single/double-phase carbonization conduction discharge, full-line overload, short circuit, poor contact discharge and under-overvoltage electrical faults which can generate a fire ignition source in a circuit.
In fact, the working principle of the existing short-circuit, overcurrent, electric leakage and residual current protectors can also explain the reason that the fire ignition source caused by the short-circuit, overcurrent, electric leakage and residual current faults cannot be eliminated. The short circuit, overcurrent, leakage current and residual current circuit breakers used in the existing circuit can convert the changed electromagnetic field, the heated hot metal sheet, the induced current difference and the three-phase current difference into energy for pulling an armature to move or the hot metal sheet to expand or pull a coil when the protected circuit generates current with extremely high change rate, long-time overcurrent, leakage current and three-phase unbalanced residual current, so as to drive the moving contact to separate to break the circuit, thereby avoiding the fault of the fault circuit from further influencing the main circuit. Because the faults of poor contact discharge, interphase high-impedance discharge, single/double-phase carbonization discharge and single/double-phase carbonization conduction discharge can not generate current with extremely high change rate, long-time overcurrent, leakage current and three-phase unbalanced residual current, the existing four circuit protection circuit breakers can not implement protection.
Therefore, no control measure aiming at generating an ignition source for electrical faults exists in China, the control measure is the important reason that electrical fires are frequent in China, and fire statistics data show that the electrical fires are the top of all kinds of fires for decades. Especially, the electrical fire in the last 20 years in China accounts for more than 30% of the majority of the years, and the situation of the electrical fire is very severe.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the method for effectively preventing and controlling the fire ignition source generated by interphase high-impedance discharge, single/double-phase carbonization path conduction, full-loop overload, short-circuit discharge, leakage discharge, poor-contact discharge and under-overvoltage discharge faults is provided.
Therefore, the invention provides the intelligent prevention and control method for the electrical fire, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: and acquiring current, voltage, resistance and power factor data through a large number of normal power consumption discharge and fault discharge experiments, and establishing a normal power consumption discharge and fault discharge characteristic database.
Step 2: and the combined current sensor and the like are used for acquiring the electric performance technical parameters such as current, voltage, resistance, power factor and the like of the protected circuit in real time.
And step 3: and (3) calculating and processing the data acquired in real time in the step (2) by using a single chip microcomputer, comparing the data with the normal power consumption discharge and fault discharge characteristic data in the database in the step (1), identifying and judging whether the circuit is in normal discharge or fault discharge, and further judging the fault discharge type and fault intensity if the circuit is in fault discharge.
And 4, step 4: judging whether the energy of the electrical fault discharge reaches the set minimum energy value of combustible materials caused by the type of fault verified by experiments according to the fault discharge type identified in the step 3, if the energy reaches or exceeds the set minimum energy value, sending a signal to a tripping mechanism by the singlechip to trip and cut off the fault discharge in time, and meanwhile pushing the fault signal to a corresponding management platform; if not, the step 5 is carried out.
And 5: judging whether the voltage exceeds a specified threshold range, if the voltage is lower than or exceeds a specified voltage value, sending a signal to a tripping mechanism to trip a cut-off circuit in time, and meanwhile pushing a fault signal to a corresponding management platform; and if the tripping signal is not sent to the tripping mechanism, the tripping signal is not sent to the tripping mechanism.
Further, the characteristic data of the normal power consumption discharge in the step 1 comprises discharge arc characteristic electrical performance data such as plug-in and plug-out plugs on the circuit, silicon controlled switches, electric welding operation, impact drilling operation and the like; the characteristic data of fault discharge comprises characteristic electrical property data of fault discharge such as short-circuit discharge, leakage discharge, interphase high-impedance discharge, poor contact discharge, ground discharge, single/double-phase carbonization path conduction discharge and the like on a circuit.
Further, the characteristic data in the step 2 is acquired, and the electrical property data is acquired by using a current detector and the like and is transmitted to the single chip microcomputer.
Further, the comparison algorithm for identifying the fault discharge in the step 3 is a combination of one or more of contrast, wavelet, fourier and neural networks.
Furthermore, the minimum energy value for researching the fire ignition source set by the type of fault starts from strengthening prevention and control and reducing electrical fire, and is verified by experiments that a large amount of fault discharge releases energy to ignite combustible materials, and the ignited combustible materials are confirmed to be absorbent cotton and filter paper sheets through the discussion of electrical and fire prevention and control experts and fire investigation experts.
Meanwhile, the provided intelligent electric fire prevention and control device (hereinafter referred to as prevention and control device) is connected between a load and a power supply, the single chip microcomputer can also directly give out a signal to control a release, and the prevention and control device controls a fire ignition source of a protected circuit by using the intelligent electric fire prevention and control method.
The invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
the invention can identify, judge and control fire ignition sources generated by faults such as full-loop overload, short-circuit discharge, leakage discharge, poor contact discharge, interphase high-impedance discharge, single/double-phase carbonization path conduction, undervoltage and the like. Can effectively control the ignition source of the electrical fire so as to prevent the electrical fire from happening.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the steps of the prevention and control method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the circuit of the prevention and control device of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the detailed description.
The invention judges the type of the electrical fault according to the change of electrical performance parameters such as current, voltage, resistance and the like in a current loop caused when the discharge type electrical fault occurs. And controlling the fire ignition source of the protected circuit by using the prevention and control device.
The circuit principle is shown in fig. 2: the prevention and control device is connected between a load and a power supply, and the fire ignition source of the protected circuit caused by electrical faults is controlled by using the prevention and control technical method. The combined current sensor is used for collecting electrical property data, the single chip microcomputer is used for carrying out data processing, analysis and fault type and fault intensity judgment, and when electrical fault conditions needing to be cut off are found, the single chip microcomputer gives a tripping signal to control the tripper to trip and cut off a circuit power supply.
As shown in fig. 1, the specific judgment and control includes:
step 1: and acquiring current, voltage, resistance and power factor data through a large number of normal power consumption discharge and fault discharge experiments, and establishing a normal power consumption discharge and fault discharge characteristic database.
The characteristic data of normal power consumption discharge comprises discharge arc characteristic electrical performance data, curves and the like of a plug, a silicon controlled switch, electric welding operation, impact drill operation and the like on a circuit; the characteristic data of fault discharge comprises characteristic electrical performance data and curves of faults such as short-circuit discharge, leakage discharge, interphase high-impedance discharge, poor contact discharge, earth discharge, single/double-phase carbonization path conduction discharge and the like on a circuit.
Step 2: and the combined current sensor and the like are used for acquiring the electric performance technical parameters such as current, voltage, resistance, power factor and the like of the protected circuit in real time.
And step 3: and (3) calculating and processing the data acquired in real time in the step (2) by using a single chip microcomputer, comparing the data with the normal power consumption discharge and fault discharge characteristic data in the database in the step (1), identifying and judging whether the circuit is in normal discharge or fault discharge, and further judging the fault discharge type if the circuit is in fault discharge. The specific comparison algorithm is one or more of contrast, wavelet, Fourier and neural network.
And 4, step 4: judging whether the energy of the electrical fault discharge reaches the set minimum energy value of combustible materials caused by the type of fault verified by experiments according to the fault discharge type identified in the step 3, if so, sending a signal to a tripping mechanism by the single chip microcomputer to trip and cut off the fault discharge in time, and meanwhile, pushing the fault signal to a corresponding management platform; if not, the step 5 is carried out.
And 5: judging whether the voltage exceeds a specified threshold range, if the voltage is lower than or exceeds a specified voltage value, sending a signal to a tripping mechanism to trip a cut-off circuit in time, and meanwhile pushing a fault signal to a corresponding management platform; and if the tripping signal is not sent to the tripping mechanism, the tripping signal is not sent to the tripping mechanism.
The set minimum energy value for triggering the fire is obtained from the starting of strengthening prevention and control and reducing electrical fire through experimental verification that a large amount of fault discharge releases energy to ignite combustible materials. And the ignited combustible materials are confirmed to be absorbent cotton and filter paper sheets through the discussion of electrical, fire prevention and control and fire investigation experts.
Experimental conditions and environment: the invention relates to a prevention and control device which is connected in a household 220V circuit, wherein one end of the circuit is connected with a power supply port, the other end of the circuit is connected with a fault module port and a common household electric load or load cabinet port, interphase high-impedance discharge, single-phase carbonization conduction discharge, double-phase carbonization conduction discharge, electric leakage, short circuit and poor contact discharge fault are carried out on the fault module, standard combustible substances are placed at fault points, whether the standard combustible substances are ignited or not is observed when the fault occurs, and if the prevention and control device acts to disconnect the circuit before ignition, the electric fire can be effectively prevented and controlled; otherwise, if the fire is not activated or the combustible is ignited, the electric fire cannot be effectively prevented and controlled. The results of the specific experiments are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Fault discharge prevention and control experiment results
Through experiments, the invention can effectively control and prevent electrical fire by more than 60 percent of electrical fire ignition sources with short circuit and double-phase carbonization conduction discharge faults, more than 90 percent of electrical fire ignition sources with poor contact discharge faults, more than 90 percent of electrical fire ignition sources with interphase high-impedance discharge faults, more than 90 percent of electrical fire ignition sources with single-phase carbonization conduction discharge faults and more than 99.9 percent of leakage discharge faults. If the prevention and control device is widely popularized and applied nationwide, 2-4 electric fire prevention and control switches can be used by each family, a large number of production places such as a generation workshop and the like can be used, the using amount is large, and great economic benefits can be generated while a large number of electric fires are reduced.
Claims (6)
1. An intelligent electric fire prevention and control method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: collecting current, voltage, resistance and power factor data through a large number of normal power consumption discharge and fault discharge experiments, and establishing a normal power consumption discharge and fault discharge characteristic database;
step 2: the combined current sensor is used for acquiring the electrical property technical parameters of the protected circuit in real time, wherein the electrical property technical parameters comprise current, voltage, resistance and power factor;
and step 3: the data collected in real time in the step 2 is calculated and processed by a single chip microcomputer, and is compared with the normal power consumption discharge and fault discharge characteristic data in the database in the step 1, whether the circuit is in normal discharge or fault discharge is identified and judged, and if the circuit is in fault discharge, the fault discharge type and the fault intensity are further judged;
and 4, step 4: judging whether the energy of the electrical fault discharge reaches the set minimum energy value of combustible materials caused by the type of fault verified by experiments according to the fault discharge type identified in the step 3, if the energy reaches or exceeds the set minimum energy value, sending a signal to a tripping mechanism by the singlechip to trip and cut off the fault discharge in time, and meanwhile pushing the fault signal to a corresponding management platform; if not, performing step 5;
and 5: judging whether the voltage exceeds a specified threshold range, if the voltage is lower than or exceeds a specified voltage value, sending a signal to a tripping mechanism to trip a cut-off circuit in time, and meanwhile pushing a fault signal to a corresponding management platform; and if the tripping signal is not sent to the tripping mechanism, the tripping signal is not sent to the tripping mechanism.
2. The intelligent electrical fire prevention and control method according to claim 1, wherein the characteristic data of the normal power consumption discharge comprises characteristic electrical performance data and curves of a discharge arc of an on-circuit plug, a thyristor switch, an electric welding operation and a percussion drilling operation; the characteristic data of the fault discharge comprises characteristic electrical performance data and curves of short-circuit discharge, leakage discharge, interphase high-impedance discharge, poor-contact discharge, earth discharge, single/double-phase carbonization path conduction discharge and under-overvoltage discharge on the circuit.
3. The intelligent electrical fire prevention and control method according to claim 1, wherein the comparison algorithm for identifying the fault discharge in step 3 is a combination of one or more of contrast, wavelet, Fourier and neural networks.
4. The intelligent prevention and control method for the electrical fire as claimed in claim 1, wherein the experimental verification is the experimental verification that a large amount of fault discharge releases energy to ignite combustible materials from the aspects of strengthening prevention and control and reducing the electrical fire.
5. The intelligent electric fire prevention and control method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the combustible materials in the experimental verification are absorbent cotton and filter paper sheets.
6. An intelligent prevention and control device for electrical fire is characterized in that the prevention and control device is connected between a load and a power supply, and a single chip microcomputer directly gives a signal to control a release; the prevention and control device controls a fire ignition source of a protected circuit using the intelligent electrical fire prevention and control method of claim 1.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105445611A (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2016-03-30 | 西门子公司 | Fault arc detection method and device |
| CN108963962A (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2018-12-07 | 中航建设集团成套装备股份有限公司 | A kind of multi-layer arc fault open-circuit system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| EP2862252B1 (en) * | 2012-07-05 | 2017-03-01 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | A power bay protection device and a method for protecting power bays |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105445611A (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2016-03-30 | 西门子公司 | Fault arc detection method and device |
| CN108963962A (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2018-12-07 | 中航建设集团成套装备股份有限公司 | A kind of multi-layer arc fault open-circuit system |
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