CN110427068A - A kind of MPPT method for thermoelectric energy acquisition self-power wireless sensor network nodes - Google Patents
A kind of MPPT method for thermoelectric energy acquisition self-power wireless sensor network nodes Download PDFInfo
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- CN110427068A CN110427068A CN201910597364.5A CN201910597364A CN110427068A CN 110427068 A CN110427068 A CN 110427068A CN 201910597364 A CN201910597364 A CN 201910597364A CN 110427068 A CN110427068 A CN 110427068A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
- G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N11/00—Generators or motors not provided for elsewhere; Alleged perpetua mobilia obtained by electric or magnetic means
- H02N11/002—Generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of directly adjusting based on linear extrapolation for being suitable for thermoelectric energy acquisition self-power wireless sensor network (WSNs) node and observe from optimizing MPPT method.The MPPT method includes two step of coarse adjustment and fine tuning, carries out coarse adjustment first with method is directly adjusted, then carries out fine tuning from optimizing method with observation.The direct adjusting method passes through the functional relation D (R) between emulation acquisition DC-DC booster circuit and WSNs node total resistance value R and the duty ratio D of DC-DC booster circuit switch controlled pwm signal first；Then, method MPPT control module is directly adjusted based on D (R) building, the duty ratio D of pwm signal needed for calculating.The observation calculates TEG internal resistance R first with linear extrapolation from optimizing methodin, then by measurement voltage, electric current, DC-DC booster circuit and WSNs node equivalent resistance R are calculated, calculates power situation parameter lambda (λ=R/Rin) later, the duty ratio D of PWM is adjusted according still further to section where λ value.Directly the adjusting and observing based on linear extrapolation can be in the case where guaranteeing output power from optimizing MPPT method, effectively improve tracking rate, the shortcomings that overcoming traditional MPPT method has taken into account the rapidity and high efficiency of maximum power tracing in the case where guaranteeing stability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the acquisitions of wireless sensor network (Wireless Sensor Networks, WSNs) node energy
Maximum power point tracking (Maximum Power Point Tracking, MPPT) technology of system, in particular for thermoelectric power
The MPPT method of amount acquisition self-powered WSNs node.
Background technique
Compared with traditional wired sensor network, WSNs has many advantages, such as that cost is relatively low, installation is convenient.Research and utilization
WSNs is monitored with great practical value the relevant parameter in industrial processes.
Currently, WSNs node mostly uses battery to power, node energy and restricted lifetime.Frequently replacement battery can undoubtedly limit
The application of WSNs processed.To solve the above-mentioned problems, it can use energy acquisition technology, by the energy of other forms in ambient enviroment
Amount, such as thermal energy, vibration, solar energy, are converted into electric energy, use for WSNs node.Consider that there are big calorimetrics at large scale industry scene
The heat sources such as wall, heat pipe, this patent are used thermoelectric energy acquisition technique, are converted thermal energy using thermoelectric energy acquisition module (TEG)
For electric energy, used for WSNs node.When there are when temperature difference, can generate mW/K grades of electric energy at the both ends TEG.The open circuit of TEG exports electricity
It presses directly proportional to the temperature difference at its both ends.
When TEG internal resistance is equal to its load resistance, TEG output power and energy conversion efficiency reach maximum.TEG internal resistance
It is influenced by its temperature difference between the two ends, and the size of TEG load resistance can be by the shadow of power conversion circuits and WSNs node working condition
It rings.In practical applications, when TEG temperature difference between the two ends, which exist, to be fluctuated, energy collecting system can be effectively improved using MPPT technique
Energy harvesting and transfer efficiency.
Existing thermoelectric energy acquisition system mostly uses open circuit voltage method or perturbation observation method (P&O) to carry out MPPT.Open circuit electricity
Platen press in use, needs to disconnect TEG and WSNs node, during disconnection WSNs node can not collecting energy, this is undoubtedly
It will cause the discontinuous and energy dissipation of WSNs node collecting energy.P&O is limited by its working principle, such as uses fixed step size,
It then cannot be considered in terms of tracking accuracy and speed；If step-length is too small, it will lead to TEG and be trapped in low-power output area for a long time, track
Speed is slow；If step-length is excessive, oscillation of the system near maximum power point will be increased, certain power loss is caused,
Reduce tracking accuracy.Therefore, what the invention proposes a kind of based on linear extrapolation directly adjusts and observes from the optimizing side MPPT
Method overcomes the shortcomings of open circuit voltage method and perturbation observation method.
Summary of the invention
It is a kind of suitable for thermoelectric energy acquisition self-powered WSNs node the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to design
It directly adjusting based on linear extrapolation and observes from optimizing MPPT method.This method can effectively overcome currently used thermoelectric power
The deficiency of quantity collection system MPPT method (open circuit voltage method or perturbation observation method).The feature of the taken technical solution of the present invention
It is that described method includes following steps:
Construct the circuit model of TEG module and DC-DC booster circuit and WSNs node equivalent resistance.In given load cell
In the case where part resistance value, by simulation calculation, DC-DC booster circuit and the total resistance value R of WSNs node and DC-DC boosting electricity are obtained
Way switch manages the relationship between the duty ratio D of pwm signal processed.After obtaining R-D initial data, it is fitted, it is obtained
Functional relation D (R).Then, method MPPT control module is directly adjusted based on D (R) building.
TEG internal resistance measurement module is constructed, which is based on linear extrapolation and measures to TEG internal resistance.Then, it constructs
It directly adjusts and observes from optimizing method MPPT control module.First pass through TEG internal resistance measurement module measurement TEG internal resistance Rin, then
RinIt substitutes into D (R) and obtains the D of coarse adjustmentMPPAs a result D1；Obtaining D1Afterwards, application observation is from optimizing method MPPT control module to being
System carries out fine tuning, it is made to be finally reached maximum power point (MPP).
When WSNs node equivalent resistance of the present invention is 360 Ω, DC-DC booster circuit is equivalent with WSNs node
The relationship of the duty ratio D of resistance R and PWM are fitted as 1 19 rank multinomial function, and polynomial each level number is as follows:
| R^19 | R^18 | R^17 | R^16 | R^15 |
| 1.78E-49 | -2.03E-45 | 1.06E-41 | -3.30E-38 | 6.98E-35 |
| R^14 | R^13 | R^12 | R^11 | R^10 |
| -1.05E-31 | 1.17E-28 | -9.85E-26 | 6.27E-23 | -3.04E-20 |
| R^9 | R^8 | R^7 | R^6 | R^5 |
| 1.11E-17 | -3.06E-15 | 6.17E-13 | -8.81E-11 | 8.41E-09 |
| R^4 | R^3 | R^2 | R^1 | R^0 |
| -4.72E-07 | 9.24E-06 | 4.85E-04 | -3.34E-02 | 1.00E+00 |
Fitting function R2=0.9973.
Linear extrapolation principle of the present invention is as follows:
TEG output voltage VloadWith TEG Open Output Voltage VOCWith TEG internal resistance RinThere is following relationship:
In the case that the both ends TEG temperature is stablized, if the voltage V being supported under two different operating conditions can be measured1And V2, and
Corresponding electric current I1And I2, it can obtain:
Simultaneous (2), (3) abbreviation can obtain:
Formula (4) the i.e. calculation formula of linear extrapolation measurement internal resistance, this method are not necessarily to disconnect the connection of TEG and load,
The shortcomings that overcoming internal resistance matching method.
Observation of the present invention is with the principle from optimizing MPPT algorithm: first calculating DC-DC booster circuit and WSNs node
Equivalent resistance R and TEG internal resistance Rin, power situation parameter lambda (λ=R/Rin) then is calculated, according still further to section pair where λ value
The duty ratio D of PWM is adjusted.
Effect by adopting the above technical scheme is: the invention proposes a kind of new MPPT algorithm, which passes through base
Coarse adjustment is carried out in the direct adjusting method of linear extrapolation, fine tuning is carried out from optimizing method by observation.Used by direct adjusting method
TEG internal resistance measurement method is linear extrapolation, and this method is without disconnecting TEG module and dissipative cell.Observation does not have from optimizing method
Disturbance is introduced, is stablized so reaching TEG output after MPP.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1: TEG modular simulation model；
Fig. 2: DC-DC booster circuit simulation model；
Fig. 3: it observes from optimizing MPPT Method And Principle block diagram；
Fig. 4: it directly adjusting based on linear extrapolation and observes from optimizing MPPT Method And Principle block diagram；
Fig. 5: each clock signal waveform figure；
Fig. 6: TEG internal resistance and the emulation of system status counting circuit；
Fig. 7: overall circuit frame diagram；
Fig. 8: basic functional principle explanatory diagram.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the attached drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Ground description.Obviously, described embodiment is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts it is all its
His embodiment, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be used also
To be implemented using other than the one described here other way, those skilled in the art can be without prejudice in the present invention
Similar popularization is done in the case where culvert, therefore the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of suitable for thermoelectric energy acquisition self-powered WSNs node based on linear extrapolation
Directly adjust and observe from optimizing MPPT method, and pass through the simulation results show validity of proposed method.Emulation experiment
In, separately verify the direct adjusting method of direct adjusting method, observation from optimizing method, based on linear extrapolation based on linear extrapolation
With observation from optimizing MPPT method.Steps are as follows for specific experiment:
(1) TEG modular simulation model is constructed according to the relevant parameter of commercial TEG module TGM287-1.0-1.3, specifically such as
Shown in Fig. 1.
(2) DC-DC booster circuit simulation model is built, it is specific as shown in Figure 2.In figure, corresponding to WSNs node etc.
Resistance is imitated as load, is labeled as " load ".
(3) according to the MPPT algorithm principle described in Summary, MPPT control module is built.Wherein, it observes
From the functional block diagram of optimizing MPPT method as shown in figure 3, directly adjusting based on linear extrapolation and observing from optimizing MPPT method
Functional block diagram it is as shown in Figure 4.
(4) requiring the time due to changing boosting duty cycle system every time reaches stable state, for make in circuit measurement and
Calculating data used is the data under stable operation situation, introduces three clock signals.Three clock signal periods are
2.5s, but in one cycle, signal is that the time of high level is different.Three clock signal waveforms that clock module is exported
As shown in Figure 5.
Operation clock, detection clock are followed successively by figure from top to bottom and adjusts clock.By taking a cycle as an example, operation
It is 0-2s that clock, which is the time of high level, and it is 2-2.1s that detection clock, which is time of high level, adjust clock be high level when
Between be 2.15-2.4s.The functions such as the survey calculation by regulating system are triggered for rising edge or failing edge, can be realized
Only the data under steady operational status are measured.
Since system operation data can be fluctuated in a small range at steady state, so the measurement to system data is equal
For the average value for measuring data in 0.1 second.The obtained measurement of all pairs of initial data of this example can be discrete square wave,
But the operation of system is continuous.
(5) TEG internal resistance and system status computing module model are built, it is specific as shown in Figure 6.
(6) above-mentioned each module is connected.System overall framework is as shown in Figure 7.
(7) TEG cool and heat ends temperature is given, PWM wave frequency is set, is emulated, observation experiment result.Experimental result:
When WSNs node equivalent resistance is 360 Ω, when using above-mentioned three kinds of distinct methods, WSNS node equivalent resistance
It is as shown in the table that upper consumption power P reaches time T used in maximum value:
| MPPT method | T(s) | P(mw) |
| Directly adjust method | 7.5 | 27.9 |
| Observation with from optimizing method | 85 | 28.3 |
| It directly adjusts and observes from optimizing method | 15 | 28.3 |
By experimental result as it can be seen that direct adjusting based on linear extrapolation and observation that this patent is proposed are from optimizing MPPT
Method is in the case where guaranteeing output power, the shortcomings that effectively improving tracking rate, overcome traditional MPPT method, In
Guarantee rapidity and high efficiency that maximum power tracing has been taken into account in the case where stability.
Claims (4)
1. one kind is suitable for thermoelectric energy acquisition self-power wireless sensor network (WSNs) node based on the straight of linear extrapolation
Adjusting and observation are connect from optimizing MPPT method, it is characterised in that realize by the following method:
Construct the circuit model of TEG module and DC-DC booster circuit and WSNs node equivalent resistance.In given load elements resistance value
In the case where, by simulation calculation, obtain DC-DC booster circuit and the total resistance value R of WSNs node and DC-DC booster circuit switching tube
Control the relationship between the duty ratio D of pwm signal.After obtaining R-D initial data, it is fitted, its functional relation D is obtained
(R).Then, method MPPT control module is directly adjusted based on D (R) building.
TEG internal resistance measurement module is constructed, which is based on linear extrapolation and measures to TEG internal resistance.Then, building is directly adjusted
It saves and observes from optimizing method MPPT control module.First pass through TEG internal resistance measurement module measurement TEG internal resistance Rin, then RinSubstitute into D
(R) D of coarse adjustment is obtained inMPPAs a result D1；Obtaining D1Afterwards, application observation carries out system from optimizing method MPPT control module thin
It adjusts, it is made to be finally reached maximum power point (MPP).
2. the MPPT method suitable for thermoelectric energy acquisition self-powered WSNs node as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The MPPT method includes two step of coarse adjustment and fine tuning, carries out coarse adjustment first with method is directly adjusted, then uses observation from optimizing method
Carry out fine tuning.
3. the MPPT method suitable for thermoelectric energy acquisition self-powered WSNs node as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that:
D (R) functional relation that the direct adjusting method is obtained based on emulation fitting.TEG internal resistance R is calculated firstin, then pass through
It is fitted obtained D (R) functional relation, the duty ratio D of pwm signal needed for calculating.
4. the MPPT method suitable for thermoelectric energy acquisition self-powered WSNs node as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that:
The observation is from optimizing method without disturbance, first calculating TEG internal resistance Rin, then by measurement voltage, electric current, calculate DC-
DC booster circuit and WSNs node equivalent resistance R calculate power situation parameter lambda (λ=R/Rin) later, after obtaining λ, according to λ
The duty ratio D of PWM is adjusted in section where value.
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| CN114167937A (en) * | 2022-02-12 | 2022-03-11 | 武汉理工大学 | Improved thermoelectric maximum power tracking method and system based on particle swarm optimization |
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