CN110426953A - AGC method of evaluating performance based on fired power generating unit generation model - Google Patents
AGC method of evaluating performance based on fired power generating unit generation model Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of methods based on fired power generating unit model evaluation AGC performance indicator, initially set up fired power generating unit model, and model includes machine class upper limit and lower limit value, regulations speed limits value, primary frequency modulation transmission function and AGC transmission function；Use Identification of Genetic Algorithm model parameter；By the way that model output is compared judge whether established model is accurate with reality output.If model is single order, pass through model parameter calculation AGC performance indicator；If model is high-order, AGC performance indicator is evaluated by model unit-step response.The present invention can overcome influence of noise, and since the present invention eliminates primary frequency modulation power, calculated result accuracy is higher.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of power system control, more particularly, to a kind of AGC based on fired power generating unit generation model
Method of evaluating performance
Background technique
Automatic Generation Control (Automatic generation control) is by monitoring power plant's output power and is
Difference between system load, to meet continually changing custom power needs, reaches electric energy to control the power output of frequency modulation unit
Hair makes whole system be in economic operating status for balance.It is mutual in large regional grid with going deep into for power system reform
Connection and in-depth Electricity Market Operation under the new situation, further increase AGC unit and improve the regulation quality of AGC unit, sufficiently
The function and effect of AGC are played, and the technical management of science is carried out to power grid AGC and meets the statistics of Law of Market Economy for A Rapid Use and examines
Core is the higher new demand proposed to the scheduling institution of each grid company.
Two kinds of method evaluation AGC performance indicator is commonly used at present.A kind of common Method type is by reading fire
Key point in motor group historical data evaluates AGC performance indicator.Another common method is to establish fired power generating unit AGC model,
AGC performance indicator is evaluated by model parameter or model step response.But there are certain limitations for existing both of which
Property.First, hair power noise is larger in fact for fired power generating unit, will lead to the reading inaccuracy of critical data point.Second, existing thermoelectricity
Unit AGC model does not account for influence of the primary frequency modulation to AGC, and does not provide the determination method of model parameter.
Summary of the invention
The present invention to solve the above-mentioned problems, proposes a kind of performance evaluation side AGC based on fired power generating unit generation model
Method, the present invention are not influenced by noise in real hair power, AGC performance indicator are read directly from established model, gives and tests
The calculation method of model of a syndrome accuracy, and eliminate influence of the primary frequency modulation to AGC.
The present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of AGC method of evaluating performance based on fired power generating unit generation model comprising the steps of:
S1: reading historical data, including AGC instruction, real to send out power and generating unit speed；
S2: using AGC instruction with generating unit speed as input, generator sends out power as output in fact and establishes fired power generating unit power generation
Model；
S3: Identification of Genetic Algorithm unit model parameter is used；
S4: after obtaining unit concrete model, AGC performance is evaluated by the unit-step response of unit model parameter or model
Index.
Further, in the step S1, reading is AGC instruction rather than unit load instructs.
Further, in the step S1, generator frequency can be used instead of generating unit speed.
Further, in the step S2, the fired power generating unit generation model is divided into AGC model and primary frequency modulation model two
Part, including upper and lower limit limitation, rate limit, AGC transmission function and primary frequency modulation transmission function.
Further, which is characterized in that in the step S2, according to the difference of unit operation characteristic, the unit generation
Model can adjust.
Further, which is characterized in that in the step S2, if department pattern parameter it is known that if known parameters without distinguishing
Know.
Further, the unit upper and lower limit is made as the percentage that the value that unit output reaches accounts for rated power；Rate limit
It is made as the limitation of unit ramp rate；AGC transmission function is the biography characterized between AGC instruction input and AGC power output
Delivery function；Primary frequency modulation transmission function is the transmission function characterized between generator speed input and primary frequency modulation power output.
Further, the rapid S2 includes:
S2.1: fired power generating unit upper and lower limit limits value is calculated；
S2.2: fired power generating unit rate limitation value is obtained；
S2.3: the value using revolving speed beyond dead zone is as input, primary frequency modulation power PPFCFired power generating unit one is established as output
Secondary frequency modulation transfer function model；
S2.4: by primary frequency modulation power PPFCIt is rejected from real hair power and obtains AGC power PAGC；
S2.5: AGC is instructed as input, AGC power PAGCFired power generating unit AGC transfer function model is established as output.
Further, in the step S2.1, unit output upper limit value is 100%Pe, lower limit value 50%Pe, wherein Pe
For unit rated capacity.
Further, in the step S2.2, fired power generating unit rate limitation value can pass through fired power generating unit Load Regulation speed
Rate curve is obtained by unit step test.
Further, in the step S2.3,
Pass through formula PPFC=G1(s)×x1(t) fired power generating unit primary frequency modulation output valve P is obtainedPFC, wherein G1It (s) is primary
Frequency modulation transmission function, x1It (t) is generator speed.
Further, in the step S2.3, primary frequency modulation transmission function
Wherein T is inertia coeffeicent.
Further, the AGC transfer function model is that one order inertia postpones transfer function model:
Wherein K is proportionality coefficient, and T is inertia coeffeicent, and τ is retardation coefficient.
Further, in the step S3, Identification of Genetic Algorithm model parameter K, T and τ are used.
Further, it in the step S3, needs to export by contrast model after Model Distinguish and be tested with reality output
The accuracy of model of a syndrome.
Further, in the step S3, the termination condition of Model Distinguish is that model-fitting degree is satisfied with requirement.
Further,
AGC is instructed as input, formula is passed throughObtain model outputPass through calculatingValue, to obtain the accuracy J of model, wherein x (t) indicates the AGC instruction of input, p (t)
Refer to generator hair power in fact；
If J is greater than threshold value, then it is assumed that model-fitting degree is met the requirements, and the model established is more accurate；If J is less than
Threshold value, then it is assumed that model-fitting degree is unsatisfactory for requiring, the model inaccuracy established.
Further, in the step S4, if model is single order, AGC performance can be calculated by reading model parameter
Index；If model is high-order, setting models unit step inputs to obtain unit step output, by calculate output phase for
The deviation of input evaluates AGC performance indicator.
Further, first order modeling calculates AGC performance indicator by reading model parameter, wherein regulations speed K1=4
T, T are the inertia coeffeicent of transmission function G (s)；The retardation coefficient τ of G (s) indicates the response time, and Proportional coefficient K indicates to adjust essence
Degree.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the benefit that
The invention proposes a kind of AGC method of evaluating performance based on fired power generating unit generation model, establish fired power generating unit certainly
Dynamic generation model recognizes model parameter using System Discrimination, by the way that model output and real hair power are compared evaluation model
Accuracy.Finally by model unit-step response or directly read model parameter evaluation AGC performance indicator.
The present invention evaluates AGC performance indicator by establishing fired power generating unit generation model, due to the foundation of fired power generating unit model
It considers information all in data and considers the influence of primary frequency modulation, therefore is affected by noise smaller, and evaluation result
It is more accurate.
Detailed description of the invention
The accompanying drawings constituting a part of this application is used to provide further understanding of the present application, and the application's shows
Meaning property embodiment and its explanation are not constituted an undue limitation on the present application for explaining the application.
Fig. 1 is the method flow diagram of the invention by establishing fired power generating unit model evaluation AGC performance indicator.
Fig. 2 is fired power generating unit Automatic Generation Control illustraton of model established by the present invention.
Fig. 3 is AGC instruction in the specific embodiment of the invention, real hair power and generating unit speed curve.
Fig. 4 is to send out power and model output power curve in fact in the specific embodiment of the invention.
Specific embodiment:
The invention will be further described with embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawing.
It is noted that following detailed description is all illustrative, it is intended to provide further instruction to the application.Unless another
It indicates, all technical and scientific terms used herein has usual with the application person of an ordinary skill in the technical field
The identical meanings of understanding.
It should be noted that term used herein above is merely to describe specific embodiment, and be not intended to restricted root
According to the illustrative embodiments of the application.As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, otherwise singular
Also it is intended to include plural form, additionally, it should be understood that, when in the present specification using term "comprising" and/or " packet
Include " when, indicate existing characteristics, step, operation, device, component and/or their combination.
For two main problems existing for current AGC performance evaluation, fired power generating unit mould is based on the present invention provides a set of
The method that type evaluates AGC performance indicator is made AGC instruction with revolving speed by applying technology of the present invention beyond the value in dead zone
To input, hair power establishes fired power generating unit AGC model as output to generator in fact, and passes through genetic algorithm establishing model parameter,
By the way that model output is compared with reality output and evaluates AGC performance indicator.Method of the present invention overcomes performance
Evaluate affected by noise big, the problems such as model parameter establishes inaccuracy.
As shown in Figure 1, including the following steps: the present invention is based on the AGC method of evaluating performance of fired power generating unit model
Step 1: fired power generating unit historical data is read,
It is instructed including AGCReal hair powerWith generator speed
Wherein n refers to that current data point, N refer to data segment, length.
Wherein reading is AGC instruction rather than unit load instruction, in addition it is possible to use generator frequency replaces unit
Revolving speed.
Step 2: using AGC instruction with generating unit speed as input, generator sends out power as output in fact and establishes fired power generating unit
Generation model.
As shown in Fig. 2, model includes the limitation of unit upper and lower limit, rate limit, AGC transmission function and primary frequency modulation are transmitted
Function.And model parameter is recognized as sequence.
The value that wherein unit upper and lower limit is made as that unit output reaches accounts for the percentage of rated power；Rate limit is unit
The limitation of power output variation (increase or subtract) rate；AGC transmission function is the transmitting letter characterized between AGC input and AGC power output
Number.Primary frequency modulation transmission function is the transmission function characterized between generator speed input and primary frequency modulation power output.
If department pattern parameter it is known that if known parameters without identification.According to the difference of unit operation characteristic, unit generation
Model can adjust.
Specifically, step 2 comprises the steps of:
Step 2.1: calculating fired power generating unit upper and lower limit limits value.
In general, fired power generating unit upper limit value is 100%Pe, lower limit value 50%Pe, PeFor unit rated capacity.
Step 2.2: obtaining fired power generating unit rate limitation value.
The limitation of fired power generating unit regulations speed can be surveyed by fired power generating unit Load Regulation rate curve or by unit step
Examination obtains.
Step 2.3: the value using generator speed beyond dead zone calculates fired power generating unit primary frequency modulation output valve as input
PPFC。
In general, revolving speed often exceeds dead zone 1MW, and real power of sending out increases or decreases accordingly 2MW, and response time one
As be 3s.So establishing primary frequency modulation transmission function
Step 2.4: by primary frequency modulation power PPFCIt is rejected from real hair power and obtains AGC power PAGC。
Step 2.5: AGC is instructed as input, AGC power PAGCFired power generating unit AGC transmission function mould is established as output
Type.
In general, one order inertia delay transfer function model is established
Wherein K is proportionality coefficient, and T is inertia coeffeicent, and τ is retardation coefficient.
Step 3: by Identification of Genetic Algorithm model parameter K, T and τ, simulation output and reality output being compared, directly
Until model-fitting degree is met the requirements.
Wherein K is proportionality coefficient, and T is inertia coeffeicent, and τ is retardation coefficient.
It willAs the fitness function of genetic algorithm, using exchange mutation strategy, final population
In optimum individual indicate required transfer function model parameter.P (t) refers to that practical object exports,Refer to model output.
Genetic algorithm is divided into following 7 steps:
Step 3.1. coding: being numbered the feature of required selection, each feature is exactly a gene, a solution
It is exactly the combination of a string of genes.In order to reduce number of combinations, piecemeal (such as block of 5*5 size) is carried out in the picture, then again
The calculating that a gene is combined optimization is regarded as each piece.The gene dosage of each solution will be determined by experiment.
The generation of step 3.2. initial population (population): N number of original string structured data, each string knot is randomly generated
Structure data are known as an individual.Individual constitutes a group.GA starts to change using this N number of string structure data as initial point
Generation.This parameter N needs are determined according to the scale of problem.
Step 3.3. exchange (crossover): exchange (also crying hybridization) operation is most important heredity behaviour in genetic algorithm
Make.The every two parent selected by exchange probability (cP) is by swapping different portion gene, to generate new
Body.Available a new generation's individual, new individual are combined with the characteristic of their elder generation individual.Exchange embodies the thought of information exchange.
Step 3.4. fitness value (fitness) assessment detection: the fitness for the new individual that exchange generates is calculated.Fitness
For measuring the index value of individual superiority and inferiority (qualified degree) in population, fitness here is exactly the criterion of feature combination
Value.The selection of this criterion is the key point of GA.
Step 3.5. selection (selection): the purpose of selection is to select excellent from the group after exchange
Body makes them have an opportunity as the next-generation breeding descendants of parent.Genetic algorithm embodies this thought by selection course, carries out
The principle selected is that adaptable individual is big for the probability of next generation's contribution, and it is former that selection realizes the Darwinian survival of the fittest
Then.The top n individual with maximum adaptation degree is bred as the next generation in group after directly choosing exchange herein.This
The presence of step makes current group to be among all solutions searched for is the set of optimal top n.
Step 3.6. makes a variation (mutation): variation randomly chooses certain amount individual first in group, for choosing
Individual randomly change the value of some gene in string structure data with certain probability (becoming mutation probability mP).Same living nature
Equally, make a variation in GA generation probability it is very low, usual value is between 0.001~0.01.Variation provides for the generation of new individual
Chance.
Step 3.7. stops.There are three types of situations for rule:
1) a maximum genetic algebra MAXGEN (being artificially determined in advance) is given, algorithm iteration stops when reaching MAXGEN
Only.
2) calculation method for giving one lower bound of problem, when reaching the deviation ε of requirement in evolution, algorithm is terminated.
3) performance of solution can not be improved by evolving again when the algorithm that monitoring obtains, that is, the fitness solved can not improve again, this
When stop calculate.
After carrying out identification of Model Parameters, AGC is instructed as input, formula is passed throughObtain model
OutputPass through calculatingValue, to obtain the accuracy J of model.
X (t) refers to the AGC instruction value of input, and p (t) refers to generator hair power in fact.
If J is greater than threshold value, then it is assumed that model-fitting degree is met the requirements, and the model established is more accurate；If J is less than
Threshold value, then it is assumed that model-fitting degree is unsatisfactory for requiring, the model inaccuracy established.
If model accuracy is higher, further work is carried out；If model-fitting degree is poor, then it is assumed that modeling failure, nothing
Method carries out performance evaluation to this AGC.
Step 4: after obtaining model, if model is single order, passing through reading model gain of parameter regulations speed index.If mould
Type is high-order, then obtains AGC performance indicator by model unit-step response.
Index preparation method is as follows:
The basic thought of regulations speed is when measuring unit to change to required for another operating point from an operating point
Between length, therefore its closed loop steady state time can reasonably characterize real hair power to the regulations speed of load instruction, i.e. K1=4
T.K1For regulations speed, T is the inertia coeffeicent of transmission function G (s).The retardation coefficient τ of G (s) indicates response time, proportionality coefficient
K indicates degree of regulation.
It is application of the method for the invention in specific example below, by taking certain large size 300MW thermal power generation unit as an example.
The first step acquires going through for the active power (p) generated in unit 1 month, AGC instruction (x) and generating unit speed (r)
History data sample, wherein there is 41320 AGC.Sampling period h is 1 second, and the unit of y, x and r are respectively MW, MW and r/min.
Second step finds first time AGC instruction, establishes fired power generating unit model according to Fig. 2, and AGC instruction in this part is real to send out function
Rate is as shown in Figure 3 with generator speed.
After model foundation, calculating fired power generating unit upper limit value is 300MW, lower limit value 150MW.It is remotely controlled by thermal power plant's load
It is 6.5MW/min that instruction, which obtains unit rate limit value,.Using generator frequency as input, unit primary frequency modulation power is calculated
PPFC, finally obtain AGC power PAGC.AGC is instructed as input, AGC power PAGCAs output, first-order linear delay is established
Transfer function model G (s).Table 1 gives first-order linear delay transfer function model parameter.
AGC is instructed the model output that model G (s) is obtained as input by third stepAnd it calculates its degree of fitting and is
71.685%, it meets the requirements, carries out further work；If being unsatisfactory for requiring, AGC next time is evaluated.Fig. 4 gives
Output power and real hair power curve.
4th step, evaluate AGC performance indicator, calculate degree of regulation be 1.013MW, regulations speed 6.256MW/min,
Response time is 3s.AGC Performance Evaluating Indexes numerical value is given in table 1.
After first time AGC performance evaluation, second of AGC performance is evaluated using identical method.
Table 1
Applicant combines Figure of description to be described in detail and describe the embodiment of the present invention, but this field skill
Art personnel are it should be understood that above embodiments are only the preferred embodiments of the invention, and explanation is intended merely to help reader in detail
More fully understand spirit of that invention, and it is not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention, on the contrary, any based on invention essence of the invention
Any improvement or modification made by mind should all be fallen within the scope and spirit of the invention.
Claims (19)
1. a kind of AGC method of evaluating performance based on fired power generating unit generation model, which is characterized in that comprise the steps of:
S1: reading historical data, including AGC instruction, real to send out power and generating unit speed；
S2: using AGC instruction with generating unit speed as input, generator sends out power as output in fact and establishes fired power generating unit power generation mould
Type；
S3: Identification of Genetic Algorithm unit model parameter is used；
S4: after obtaining unit concrete model, AGC performance is evaluated by the unit-step response of unit model parameter or model and is referred to
Mark.
2. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step S1, reading is AGC instruction rather than unit
Load instruction.
3. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step S1, generator frequency can be used instead of machine
Group revolving speed.
4. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step S2, the fired power generating unit generation model is divided into
AGC model and primary frequency modulation model two parts, including upper and lower limit limit, and rate limit, AGC transmission function and primary frequency modulation pass
Delivery function.
5. method as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that in the step S2, according to the difference of unit operation characteristic, institute
Stating unit generation model can adjust.
6. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step S2, if department pattern parameter it is known that if it is known
Parameter is without identification.
7. method as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the unit upper and lower limit is made as the value that unit output reaches and accounts for
The percentage of rated power；Rate limit is the limitation of unit ramp rate；AGC transmission function is that characterization AGC instruction is defeated
Enter the transmission function between AGC power output；Primary frequency modulation transmission function is the input of characterization generator speed and primary frequency modulation
Transmission function between power output.
8. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the rapid S2 includes:
S2.1: fired power generating unit upper and lower limit limits value is calculated；
S2.2: fired power generating unit rate limitation value is obtained；
S2.3: the value using revolving speed beyond dead zone is as input, primary frequency modulation power PPFCFired power generating unit is established as output once to adjust
Frequency transfer function model；
S2.4: by primary frequency modulation power PPFCIt is rejected from real hair power and obtains AGC power PAGC；
S2.5: AGC is instructed as input, AGC power PAGCFired power generating unit AGC transfer function model is established as output.
9. method according to claim 8, which is characterized in that in the step S2.1, unit output upper limit value is 100%
Pe, lower limit value 50%Pe, wherein Pe is unit rated capacity.
10. method according to claim 8, which is characterized in that in the step S2.2, fired power generating unit rate limitation value can be with
It is obtained by fired power generating unit Load Regulation rate curve or by unit step test.
11. method according to claim 8, which is characterized in that in the step S2.3,
Pass through formula PPFC=G1(s)×x1(t) fired power generating unit primary frequency modulation output valve P is obtainedPFC, wherein G1It (s) is primary frequency modulation
Transmission function, x1It (t) is generator speed.
12. method as claimed in claim 11, which is characterized in that
In the step S2.3, primary frequency modulation transmission function
Wherein T is inertia coeffeicent.
13. method as claimed in claim 7 or 8, which is characterized in that
The AGC transfer function model is that one order inertia postpones transfer function model:
Wherein K is proportionality coefficient, and T is inertia coeffeicent, and τ is retardation coefficient.
14. method as described in claim 12 or 13, which is characterized in that
In the step S3, Identification of Genetic Algorithm model parameter K, T and τ are used.
15. method as claimed in claim 14, which is characterized in that in the step S3, need to pass through after Model Distinguish
The accuracy of contrast model output and reality output verifying model.
16. method as claimed in claim 15, which is characterized in that in the step S3, the termination condition of Model Distinguish is mould
Type degree of fitting is satisfied with requirement.
17. the method as described in claim 15 or 16, which is characterized in that
AGC is instructed as input, formula is passed throughObtain model outputPass through calculatingValue, to obtain the accuracy J of model, wherein x (t) indicates the AGC instruction of input, and p (t) refers to
Generator sends out power in fact；
If J is greater than threshold value, then it is assumed that model-fitting degree is met the requirements, and the model established is more accurate；If J is less than threshold
Value, then it is assumed that model-fitting degree is unsatisfactory for requiring, the model inaccuracy established.
18. method as claimed in claim 17, which is characterized in that in the step S4, if model is single order, can pass through
Reading model parameter calculates AGC performance indicator；If model is high-order, setting models unit step inputs to obtain unit step
Output evaluates AGC performance indicator for the deviation of input by calculating output phase.
19. method as claimed in claim 18, which is characterized in that first order modeling calculates AGC performance by reading model parameter
Index, wherein regulations speed K1=4T, T are the inertia coeffeicent of transmission function G (s)；When the retardation coefficient τ of G (s) indicates response
Between, Proportional coefficient K indicates degree of regulation.
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| CN110930060A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-03-27 | 国网天津市电力公司电力科学研究院 | Generator set AGC (automatic gain control) regulation performance evaluation method based on parameter calculation |
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| CN111064234A (en) * | 2020-03-02 | 2020-04-24 | 张家口安智科为新能源有限公司 | Primary frequency modulation control method and system for new energy power station |
| CN111064234B (en) * | 2020-03-02 | 2022-05-31 | 张家口安智科为新能源有限公司 | Primary frequency modulation control method and system for new energy power station |
| CN114583767A (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2022-06-03 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Data-driven wind power plant frequency modulation response characteristic modeling method and system |
| CN114565328A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-05-31 | 浙江中控技术股份有限公司 | AGC frequency modulation performance assessment method and device |
| CN114565328B (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-08-19 | 浙江中控技术股份有限公司 | AGC frequency modulation performance assessment method and device |
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