CN110426887B - Display panel and display device - Google Patents
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- CN110426887B CN110426887B CN201910664498.4A CN201910664498A CN110426887B CN 110426887 B CN110426887 B CN 110426887B CN 201910664498 A CN201910664498 A CN 201910664498A CN 110426887 B CN110426887 B CN 110426887B
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- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 9
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- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
- G02F1/133548—Wire-grid polarisers
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Polarising Elements (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a display panel, which comprises a first substrate, the liquid crystal display panel comprises a second substrate and a liquid crystal layer, wherein the second substrate is arranged opposite to the first substrate, the liquid crystal layer is positioned between the first substrate and the second substrate, one side of the second substrate, facing the liquid crystal layer, is defined by a plurality of scanning lines and a plurality of data lines in an insulated and crossed mode, a plurality of pixel units are formed, each pixel unit is internally provided with a pixel electrode and a thin film transistor, the pixel electrodes are electrically connected with data lines of adjacent thin film transistors through the thin film transistors, the first substrate is provided with an upper polaroid, the second substrate is provided with a lower polaroid, a first light transmission shaft of the upper polaroid is perpendicular to a second light transmission shaft of the lower polaroid, the second substrate is further provided with a metal wire grid polaroid formed by a plurality of metal wire grids in a parallel and spaced mode, the extending directions of the plurality of metal wire grids are parallel to the second light transmission shaft of the lower polaroid, and the upper surfaces of the plurality of metal wire grids are rough planes. The invention also discloses a display device which comprises the display panel.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of liquid crystal display technologies, and in particular, to a display panel and a display device.
Background
The display panel has the advantages of lightness, thinness, durability, low power consumption and the like which accord with energy conservation and environmental protection, the electronic paper display becomes a display which accords with the public demand, the electronic paper display can display images by utilizing an external light source, and the backlight source is not needed by a liquid crystal display, so that information on the electronic paper can still be clearly seen under the environment of strong outdoor sunlight without the problem of viewing angle, and the electronic paper display is widely applied to electronic readers (such as electronic books and electronic newspapers) or other electronic elements (such as price labels) due to the advantages of power saving, high reflectivity, contrast ratio and the like.
Existing E-paper displays generally employ E-Ink microcapsule technology (microcapsule electronic Ink technology), SiPix microcup technology (microcup type electrophoretic Display technology), Bridgestone electronic Liquid powder technology, Cholesterol Liquid Crystal Display (CLCD) technology, Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) technology, or electrowetting (electrowetting) technology.
However, the conventional electronic paper display technology is not mature enough compared with the liquid crystal display technology, the mass production efficiency is low, the manufacturing cost is high, and the contrast is low due to the low reflectivity of the conventional electronic paper display technology.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the disadvantages and shortcomings of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a display panel and a display device, so as to solve the problems of low mass production efficiency, high manufacturing cost and low contrast of the electronic paper display in the prior art.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a display panel, which comprises a first substrate, a second substrate arranged opposite to the first substrate and a liquid crystal layer positioned between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the second substrate is defined by a plurality of scanning lines and a plurality of data lines which are mutually insulated and crossed on one side facing the liquid crystal layer, a plurality of pixel units are formed, each pixel unit is internally provided with a pixel electrode and a thin film transistor, the pixel electrode is electrically connected with the data line adjacent to the thin film transistor through the thin film transistor, the first substrate is provided with an upper polaroid, the second substrate is also provided with a lower polaroid, a first light transmission shaft of the upper polaroid is mutually vertical to a second light transmission shaft of the lower polaroid, the second substrate is also provided with a metal polaroid formed by a plurality of metal grids which are arranged in parallel at intervals, the extending direction of the plurality of metal grids is mutually parallel to the second light transmission shaft of the lower polaroid, the upper surfaces of the metal wire grids are rough planes.
Furthermore, a common electrode is further arranged on the second substrate, the metal wire grid polarizer, the lower polarizer and the common electrode are sequentially arranged on the second substrate from bottom to top, and the pixel electrode and the common electrode are located on different layers and are insulated and separated from each other.
Furthermore, a common electrode is further disposed on the second substrate, the second substrate is sequentially disposed from bottom to top with the metal wire grid polarizer, the lower polarizer and the common electrode, and the pixel electrode and the common electrode are disposed on the same layer and are alternately arranged in an insulated and spaced manner.
Further, liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer are initially parallel to the first substrate and the second substrate, a first alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules close to the first substrate is parallel to a second alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules close to the second substrate, and the first alignment direction and the second alignment direction are parallel to the first light transmission axis of the upper polarizer.
Furthermore, a common electrode is disposed on the first substrate, the common electrode is a monolithic planar structure, and the pixel electrode is a block electrode corresponding to the pixel unit.
Furthermore, liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer are initially parallel to the first substrate and the second substrate, a first alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules close to one side of the first substrate is perpendicular to a second alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules close to one side of the second substrate, and the first alignment direction is parallel to the first light transmission axis of the upper polaroid.
Further, liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer are initially vertical to the first substrate and the second substrate.
Furthermore, the extending direction of each metal wire grid is the same as the data line, and each metal wire grid penetrates through the display area of the display panel along the data line direction; or, the extending direction of each metal wire grid is the same as the scanning line, and each metal wire grid penetrates through the display area of the display panel along the scanning line direction.
Further, the material for manufacturing the metal wire grid comprises Al or Mo.
The invention also provides a display device comprising the display panel.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the display panel comprises a first substrate and a second substrate, the liquid crystal display panel comprises a second substrate and a liquid crystal layer, wherein the second substrate is arranged opposite to the first substrate, the liquid crystal layer is positioned between the first substrate and the second substrate, one side of the second substrate, facing the liquid crystal layer, is defined by a plurality of scanning lines and a plurality of data lines in an insulated and crossed mode, a plurality of pixel units are formed, each pixel unit is internally provided with a pixel electrode and a thin film transistor, the pixel electrodes are electrically connected with data lines of adjacent thin film transistors through the thin film transistors, the first substrate is provided with an upper polaroid, the second substrate is provided with a lower polaroid, a first light transmission shaft of the upper polaroid is perpendicular to a second light transmission shaft of the lower polaroid, the second substrate is further provided with a metal wire grid polaroid formed by a plurality of metal wire grids in a parallel and spaced mode, the extending directions of the plurality of metal wire grids are parallel to the second light transmission shaft of the lower polaroid, and the upper surfaces of the plurality of metal wire grids are rough planes. The metal wire grid polarizer is utilized in the liquid crystal box to reflect external environment light, the liquid crystal box has the function of controlling light, the metal wire grid polarizer has a good reflection effect, a backlight source is not needed, and when a novel is seen outdoors, electronic paper display is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a display panel according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a display panel in an initial state according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a display panel in a display state according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the principle of reverse transmission of a metal wire grid polarizer of the present invention;
FIGS. 5a-5c are schematic diagrams of the principle of reflection;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a display panel in a display state according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display panel in an initial state according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a display panel in a display state according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display panel in an initial state according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a display panel in a display state according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a display panel in a display state according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display panel in an initial state according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display panel in a display state according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention adopted to achieve the predetermined objects, the following detailed description of the embodiments, structures, features and effects of the display panel and the display device according to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and the preferred embodiments is as follows:
[ example one ]
Fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of a display panel according to the present invention, fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the display panel in an initial state according to the first embodiment of the present invention, fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the display panel in a display state according to the first embodiment of the present invention, fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a principle of a reflection of a metal wire grid polarizer according to the present invention, fig. 5a to 5c are schematic diagrams of a principle of a reflection, and fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a principle of the display panel in a display state according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, a display panel according to a first embodiment of the present invention includes a first substrate 10, a second substrate 20 disposed opposite to the first substrate 10, and a liquid crystal layer 30 disposed between the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20, wherein the second substrate 20 is defined by a plurality of scan lines 1 and a plurality of data lines 2 crossing each other in an insulated manner on a side facing the liquid crystal layer 30 to form a plurality of pixel units P, a pixel electrode 25 and a thin film transistor 3 are disposed in each pixel unit P, the pixel electrode 25 is electrically connected to the data line 2 adjacent to the thin film transistor 3 through the thin film transistor 3, the data line 2 is used for inputting a data signal to the pixel electrode 25, and the scan line 1 is used for controlling on and off of the thin film transistor 3. The first substrate 10 is provided with a black matrix 11 and a first flat layer 12, the first flat layer 12 covers the black matrix 11, and the black matrix 11 is used for shielding the plurality of scanning lines 1 and the plurality of data lines 2. In this embodiment, the first substrate 10 is not provided with a color resist layer of three colors of red (R), green (G), and blue (B), and is only used for displaying black and white images. Of course, in other embodiments, when a color picture needs to be displayed, a color-resisting material layer may be disposed on the first substrate 10 corresponding to the pixel unit P region, but the coating of the color-resisting material layer may reduce the transmittance of light, but is not limited thereto. The second substrate 20 is an array substrate, the thin film transistor 3 includes a gate, a source, a drain and a semiconductor material layer, and other structures of the array substrate are referred to in the prior art and are not described herein again.
The first substrate 10 is provided with an upper polarizer 40, the second substrate 20 is further provided with a lower polarizer 50, a first transmission axis X1 of the upper polarizer 40 is perpendicular to a second transmission axis X2 of the lower polarizer 50, the second substrate 20 is further provided with a metal wire grid polarizer 21 formed by arranging a plurality of metal wire grids 21a in parallel with each other at intervals, an extending direction X3 of the plurality of metal wire grids 21a is parallel to a second transmission axis X2 of the lower polarizer 50, an upper surface of the plurality of metal wire grids 21a is a rough plane, so that external ambient light parallel to the extending direction X3 of the plurality of metal wire grids 21a is diffused or reflected in gloss when being irradiated on the upper surface of the plurality of metal wire grids 21a, and external ambient light perpendicular to the extending direction X3 of the plurality of metal wire grids 21a is transmitted when being irradiated on the upper surface of the plurality of metal wire grids 21 a.
As shown in fig. 4, the metal wire grid polarizer 21 has a special polarization characteristic of transmitting polarized light perpendicular to the extending direction of the metal wire grid 21a and reflecting polarized light parallel to the extending direction of the metal wire grid 21 a. Of the incident light ray a, the polarization direction of the light ray has a first polarization a1 perpendicular to the extending direction of the metal wire grid 21a and a second polarization a2 parallel to the extending direction of the metal wire grid 21a, while the first polarization a1 perpendicular to the extending direction of the metal wire grid 21a can form a transmitted light ray C by the metal wire grid polarizer 21, and the second polarization a2 parallel to the extending direction of the metal wire grid 21a can be reflected to form a reflected light ray B. The wire grid polarizer 21 is described in more detail with reference to the prior art and will not be described in detail herein.
Reflection can be classified into three types according to the roughness of the object surface: diffuse reflection (fig. 5a), glossy reflection (fig. 5b) and high light reflection (fig. 5 c). As shown in fig. 5a and 5b, when the surface of the object is a rough surface, the object irradiated with light on the rough surface is diffusely reflected or glossly reflected, and the diffusely reflected surface reflects (scatters) light at many angles. Diffuse reflection appears more colored than any other type of light distribution, since most objects are opaque and reflect light in a diffuse manner. When the metal is not specular, but only reflects gloss, most metals reflect white (all-band reflection). As shown in fig. 5c, when the surface of the object is a smooth surface, the object irradiated by the light on the smooth surface is highly reflective, and the high light reflection makes the object look like a mirror surface. The upper surfaces of the metal wire grids 21a are set to be rough planes, so that the external environment light parallel to the extending direction X3 of the metal wire grids 21a is diffused or reflected in gloss when irradiating the upper surfaces of the metal wire grids 21a, and the display panel displays black and white pictures, thereby realizing the display in the electronic paper mode.
In the present embodiment, the extending direction X3 of each metal wire grid 21a is the same direction as the data line 2, and each metal wire grid 21a penetrates the display area of the display panel along the direction of the data line 2. Of course, in other embodiments, the extending direction X3 of each metal wire grid 21a may be the same as the direction of the scanning line 1, and accordingly, the transmission axes of the upper polarizer 40 and the lower polarizer 50 may also change, however, the first transmission axis X1 of the upper polarizer 40 is perpendicular to the second transmission axis X2 of the lower polarizer 50, and the extending directions X3 of the plurality of metal wire grids 21a are parallel to the second transmission axis X2 of the lower polarizer 50.
In this embodiment, the second substrate 20 is further provided with a common electrode 23 on a side facing the liquid crystal layer 30, the second substrate 20 is sequentially provided with a metal wire grid polarizer 21, a lower polarizer 50 and the common electrode 23 from bottom to top (i.e. along a direction facing the liquid crystal layer 30), the metal wire grid polarizer 21 is directly formed on a surface 210 of the second substrate 20 on the side facing the liquid crystal layer 30, a second planarization layer 22 is provided between the metal wire grid polarizer 21 and the lower polarizer 50, that is, the first process on the second substrate 20 is to form the metal wire grid polarizer 21, and then the second planarization layer 22 is covered, the lower polarizer 50 is attached to the second planarization layer 22, and certainly, after the attachment of the lower polarizer 50, the method includes the steps of forming a scanning line 1, a gate electrode, a semiconductor layer, a data line 2, a source drain electrode, and the like. The material of the metal wire grid 21a includes Al (aluminum) or Mo (molybdenum), and the metal wire grid 21a can be printed by using a nanoimprint technology (or other related technologies), and a specific manufacturing method of the metal wire grid 21a refers to the prior art, which is not described herein again. In this embodiment, the common electrode 23 and the pixel electrode 25 are located at different layers and insulated and separated from each other by the insulating layer 24, and the pixel electrode 25 is located on the upper side of the common electrode 23. The common electrode 23 is a planar electrode disposed over the entire surface, and the pixel electrode 25 is a comb-shaped electrode having slits to form a Fringe Field Switching (FFS) mode.
The liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 30 are positive liquid crystal molecules (liquid crystal molecules having positive dielectric anisotropy), and in the initial state, as shown in fig. 2, the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 30 are positive liquid crystal molecules and are in a lying posture, that is, the positive liquid crystal molecules are parallel to the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20, and a first alignment direction X4 of the liquid crystal molecules on a side close to the first substrate 10 and a second alignment direction X5 of the liquid crystal molecules on a side close to the second substrate 20 are parallel to each other, and it is understood that the first alignment direction X4 and the second alignment direction X5 are both parallel to the first light transmission axis X1 of the upper polarizing plate 40. As shown in fig. 3, when a display is required, a corresponding driving voltage is applied to the common electrode 23 and the pixel electrode 25 to form a horizontal electric field E1, and the positive liquid crystal molecules are deflected by the horizontal electric field E1 in a direction parallel to the horizontal electric field E1, so that the polarization direction of light passing through the positive liquid crystal molecules is changed.
The first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 may be made of glass, acrylic, polycarbonate, or the like. The material of the common electrode 23 and the pixel electrode 25 may be Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), Indium Zinc Oxide (IZO), or the like.
For convenience of illustration, fig. 6 only shows two pixel cells P, the pixel electrode 25 corresponding to the left pixel cell P in the figure applies a driving voltage, and correspondingly the common electrode 23 also applies a corresponding common voltage, and the positive liquid crystal molecules corresponding to the left pixel cell P are deflected in a direction parallel to the horizontal electric field E1 under the action of the horizontal electric field E1. The left external ambient light I1 passes through the upper polarizer 40 to become linearly polarized light parallel to the first transmission axis X1, passes through the liquid crystal layer 30 to become elliptically polarized light or circularly polarized light, passes through the lower polarizer 50 to become linearly polarized light parallel to the second transmission axis X2, and is irradiated on the metal wire grid polarizer 21 to be subjected to diffuse reflection or gloss reflection and reflected back, so that a bright state (white) is displayed; the right ambient light I2 passes through the upper polarizer 40 to become linearly polarized light parallel to the first transmission axis X1, the polarization direction of the light is not changed because the positive liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 30 are not deflected, and the linearly polarized light passing through the liquid crystal layer 30 is perpendicular to the second transmission axis X2 and absorbed by the lower polarizer 50, so that the pixel cell P on the right displays a black state (black). When the display panel needs to display a picture, only the driving voltage applied to each pixel electrode 25 needs to be controlled to display a black-white picture.
[ example two ]
As shown In fig. 7 and 8, a display panel according to a second embodiment of the present invention is substantially the same as the display panel according to the first embodiment (fig. 3 and 4), except that In the present embodiment, the pixel electrode 25 and the common electrode 23 are located on the same layer but spaced apart from each other, each of the pixel electrode 25 and the common electrode 23 may include a plurality of electrode stripes, and the electrode stripes of the pixel electrode 25 and the electrode stripes of the common electrode 23 are alternately arranged to form an In-Plane Switching (IPS) mode.
Compared with the first embodiment, the pixel electrode 25 and the common electrode 23 in the present embodiment are located on the same layer, and can be formed by etching a conductive film, so that a mask process can be omitted, and the box thickness can be reduced.
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the rest of the structure and the operation principle of the present embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment, and are not described herein again.
[ third example ]
As shown in fig. 9 to 11, a display panel according to a third embodiment of the present invention is substantially the same as the display panel according to the first embodiment (fig. 3, 4, and 6), except that in the present embodiment, the common electrode 23 is located on a side of the first substrate 10 facing the liquid crystal layer, that is, the common electrode 23 covers the first planarization layer 12, the common electrode 23 is a one-piece planar structure, liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 30 are parallel to the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20, a first alignment direction X4 of the liquid crystal molecules on a side close to the first substrate 10 is perpendicular to a second alignment direction X5 of the liquid crystal molecules on a side close to the second substrate 20, and the first alignment direction X4 is parallel to the first light transmission axis X1 of the upper polarizer 40. As shown in fig. 9, in the initial state, the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 30 are positive liquid crystal molecules and are in a lying posture, and the positive liquid crystal molecules are twisted by 90 ° in the first liquid crystal layer 30 from top to bottom, that is, the first substrate 10, the second substrate 20 and the first liquid crystal layer 30 collectively form a TN display mode.
For convenience of illustration, fig. 11 only shows two pixel units P, the pixel electrode 25 corresponding to the pixel unit P on the right side in the figure applies a driving voltage, and correspondingly the common electrode 23 also applies a corresponding common voltage, and the positive liquid crystal molecules corresponding to the pixel unit P on the right side are deflected towards the direction parallel to the vertical electric field E2 by the vertical electric field E2, and finally assume a standing posture. The right external environment light I2 passes through the upper polarizer 40 to become linearly polarized light parallel to the first transmission axis X1, the polarization direction of the light is not changed because the positive liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 30 are in a standing posture, and the linearly polarized light after passing through the liquid crystal layer 30 is perpendicular to the second transmission axis X2 and is absorbed by the lower polarizer 50, so the pixel unit P on the right side displays a black state (black); the left ambient light I1 passes through the upper polarizer 40 to become linearly polarized light parallel to the first transmission axis X1, rotates by 90 ° while passing through the liquid crystal layer 30 and is parallel to the second transmission axis X2, passes through the lower polarizer 50 and is irradiated on the metal wire grid polarizer 21 to be diffusely reflected or glossly reflected and reflected back, showing a bright state (white). When the display panel needs to display a picture, only the driving voltage applied to each pixel electrode 25 needs to be controlled to display a black-white picture.
Compared with the first embodiment, in the present embodiment, the common electrode 23 is located on the first substrate 10 to form a TN display mode, when the display panel performs normal display, the number of the pixel units P in the bright state is usually greater than that of the pixel units P in the dark state, and the TN display mode performs normally white display, that is, when no driving voltage is applied, the TN display mode is in the bright state, so that the display power consumption of the display panel can be reduced.
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the rest of the structure and the operation principle of the present embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment, and are not described herein again.
[ example four ]
As shown in fig. 12 to 13, a display panel according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention is substantially the same as the display panel according to the third embodiment (fig. 9 and 10), except that negative liquid crystal molecules (liquid crystal molecules having negative dielectric anisotropy) are used as the liquid crystal layer 30 in this embodiment. With the technical progress, the performance of the negative liquid crystal is remarkably improved, and the application is more and more extensive. In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 12, in the initial state (i.e., in the case where no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display device), the negative liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 30 are perpendicular to the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20, i.e., the negative liquid crystal molecules are in the standing posture in the initial state, and a VA display mode is formed, wherein the VA display mode includes an MVA display mode and a PVA display mode.
In this embodiment, the common electrode 23 is provided with a protrusion at a position corresponding to the black matrix 11, so that negative liquid crystal molecules near the protrusion form a certain pretilt angle, which can accelerate the negative liquid crystal molecules to deflect towards a direction perpendicular to the electric field lines E2, i.e. can reduce the time for the pixel unit P to change from dark state to white state.
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the rest of the structure and the operation principle of the present embodiment are the same as those of the present embodiment, and are not described herein again.
The invention also provides a display device which comprises the display panel, and the display device can reflect external environment light by utilizing the metal wire grid polarizer 21, does not need to use a backlight source, and realizes electronic paper display when a novel is seen outdoors. Of course, in other embodiments, the display device may also be provided with a backlight source, which may provide light source compensation when the ambient light brightness is low.
In this document, the terms upper, lower, left, right, front, rear and the like are used for defining the positions of the structures in the drawings and the positions of the structures relative to each other, and are only used for the clarity and convenience of the technical solution. It is to be understood that the use of the directional terms should not be taken to limit the scope of the claims. It is also to be understood that the terms "first" and "second," etc., are used herein for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting in number or order.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A display panel comprising a first substrate (10), a second substrate (20) disposed opposite to the first substrate (10), and a liquid crystal layer (30) disposed between the first substrate (10) and the second substrate (20), wherein the second substrate (20) is defined by a plurality of scanning lines (1) and a plurality of data lines (2) crossing each other in an insulated manner on a side facing the liquid crystal layer (30) to form a plurality of pixel cells (P), each pixel cell (P) is provided with a pixel electrode (25) and a thin film transistor (3), the pixel electrode (25) is electrically connected to the data line (2) adjacent to the thin film transistor (3) through the thin film transistor (3), characterized in that the first substrate (10) is provided with an upper polarizer (40), the second substrate (20) is further provided with a lower polarizer (50), a first transmission axis (X1) of the upper polarizer (40) is perpendicular to a second transmission axis (X2) of the lower polarizer (50), the second substrate (20) is also provided with a metal wire grid polarizer (21) formed by arranging a plurality of metal wire grids (21a) in parallel at intervals, the extending direction (X3) of the plurality of metal wire grids (21a) is parallel to the second light transmission axis (X2) of the lower polarizer (50), and the upper surface of the plurality of metal wire grids (21a) is a rough plane; each pixel unit (P) corresponds to the metal wire grid polarizer (21), the metal wire grid polarizer (21) covers the whole pixel unit (P), and the lower polarizer (50) is positioned on one side of the metal wire grid polarizer (21) facing the liquid crystal layer (30).
2. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein a common electrode (23) is further disposed on the second substrate (20), the second substrate (20) is sequentially disposed from bottom to top with the metal wire grid polarizer (21), the lower polarizer (50) and the common electrode (23), and the pixel electrode (25) and the common electrode (23) are located at different layers and are insulated and separated from each other.
3. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein a common electrode (23) is further disposed on the second substrate (20), the second substrate (20) is sequentially disposed from bottom to top with the metal wire grid polarizer (21), the lower polarizer (50) and the common electrode (23), and the pixel electrodes (25) and the common electrode (23) are disposed in the same layer and are alternately spaced apart from each other.
4. The display panel according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer (30) are initially parallel to the first substrate (10) and the second substrate (20), a first alignment direction (X4) of the liquid crystal molecules near the first substrate (10) and a second alignment direction (X5) of the liquid crystal molecules near the second substrate (20) are parallel to each other, and the first alignment direction (X4) and the second alignment direction (X5) are parallel to the first transmission axis (X1) of the upper polarizer (40).
5. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the first substrate (10) is provided with a common electrode (23), the common electrode (23) is a one-piece planar structure, and the pixel electrode (25) is a block electrode corresponding to the pixel unit (P).
6. The display panel of claim 5, wherein the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer (30) are initially parallel to the first substrate (10) and the second substrate (20), a first alignment direction (X4) of the liquid crystal molecules on a side close to the first substrate (10) and a second alignment direction (X5) of the liquid crystal molecules on a side close to the second substrate (20) are perpendicular to each other, and the first alignment direction (X4) and the first transmission axis (X1) of the upper polarizer (40) are parallel to each other.
7. The display panel according to claim 5, wherein the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer (30) are initially perpendicular to the first substrate (10) and the second substrate (20).
8. A display panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the extending direction (X3) of each wire grid (21a) is in the same direction as the data line (2), each wire grid (21a) extending across the display area of the display panel along the direction of the data line (2); or, the extending direction (X3) of each metal wire grid (21a) is the same direction with the scanning line (1), and each metal wire grid (21a) penetrates through the display area of the display panel along the scanning line (1) direction.
9. A display panel as claimed in claim 1 characterized in that the material of which the wire grid (21a) is made comprises Al or Mo.
10. A display device characterized by comprising the display panel according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| CN201910664498.4A CN110426887B (en) | 2019-07-23 | 2019-07-23 | Display panel and display device |
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| CN114326197A (en) | 2020-09-30 | 2022-04-12 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Display panel and display device |
| US11353644B2 (en) * | 2020-10-01 | 2022-06-07 | A. U. Vista, Inc. | Display device having blended display panel |
| CN113745209B (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2023-10-17 | Tcl华星光电技术有限公司 | Display device and method for manufacturing the same |
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| JP4172460B2 (en) * | 2005-03-28 | 2008-10-29 | エプソンイメージングデバイス株式会社 | Liquid crystal device and electronic device |
| US20080204636A1 (en) * | 2007-02-26 | 2008-08-28 | Chi Mei Optoelectronics Corporation | Transflective liquid crystal display |
| KR100865843B1 (en) * | 2007-06-08 | 2008-10-29 | 전북대학교산학협력단 | A single gap transflective fringe-field switching display using wire grid |
| US7589808B2 (en) * | 2007-06-15 | 2009-09-15 | University Of Central Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Wide viewing angle transflective liquid crystal displays |
| WO2010005059A1 (en) * | 2008-07-10 | 2010-01-14 | 旭硝子株式会社 | Wire grid type polarizer, and method for manufacturing the polarizer |
| CN103995405B (en) * | 2014-05-09 | 2015-08-05 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | A kind of semi-transparent semi-reflective liquid crystal panel and preparation method thereof, liquid crystal indicator |
| CN109669295B (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2022-03-25 | 昆山龙腾光电股份有限公司 | Display screen with switchable transmission and reflection and vehicle rearview mirror |
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