CN110421816B

CN110421816B - ABS plate processing method and equipment

Info

Publication number: CN110421816B
Application number: CN201910672963.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 倪建赟; 吴斌; 吴南
Original assignee: Zhejiang Dalme Plastic Co ltd
Current assignee: Zhejiang Dalme Plastic Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-07-24
Filing date: 2019-07-24
Publication date: 2022-02-18
Anticipated expiration: 2039-07-24
Also published as: CN110421816A

Abstract

The invention discloses an ABS plate processing method and equipment, which comprises the following steps of preparing materials, namely injecting an ABS raw material, an ASA raw material, a PMMA raw material and a sound insulation raw material into four material mixers, starting the material mixers, and uniformly mixing the raw materials; step two: thermoplastic molding, heating the raw materials by an extruder; exhausting, namely exhausting water vapor in the hot-melted raw materials from an exhaust hole of the charging barrel; quantitatively extruding the ABS raw material, the ASA raw material, the PMMA raw material and the sound insulation raw material; and step five, fixing the mold, and injecting the raw materials into five groups of corresponding mold cavities in the mold to manufacture the five-layer-structure composite board. Through above-mentioned technical scheme, realize the ration and carry out the ratio to different raw materialss, realize the ABS board of processing production different functions, improve ABS board production efficiency.

Description

ABS plate processing method and equipment

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of plate processing, in particular to a method and equipment for processing an ABS plate.

Background

The ABS sheet material is widely applied in various industries at present, the sheet material made of ABS plastic is a tough, hard and rigid material which has the advantages of easily available raw materials, good comprehensive performance, low price and wide application, and is widely applied in the industries of machinery, electricity, textile, automobile, airplane, steamship manufacturing and the like and chemical engineering; the ABS plastic is a terpolymer of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, and the performances of the three components are different, so that ABS plates with different performances are manufactured; the performance of the ABS is changed by adjusting the proportion of the three components of the ABS so as to adapt to the requirements of various applications, such as high-resistance ABS, heat-resistant ABS, high-gloss ABS and the like, but pure ABS still cannot meet the increasingly diversified requirements of people, so that a composite ABS plate is needed, and corresponding composite ABS plates are provided for different market requirements.

In order to solve the problems, the Chinese patent with the patent publication number of CN107599515A provides a compression-resistant ABS plate, which comprises an ABS plate layer and a compression-resistant layer, wherein the upper surface and the lower surface of the compression-resistant layer are both connected with the inner surface of the ABS plate layer, the compression-resistant layer is a metal plate, and the metal plate is provided with a through hole; among the above-mentioned technical scheme a resistance to compression ABS panel has resistance to compression, anti bending, shock resistance characteristics through the setting on resistant compressed layer, has increased the compressive strength of panel, and the advantage that can use is outdoor, through the setting on puigging, can strengthen the rigidity of panel on the one hand, and on the other hand can provide good sound insulation again and sound insulation.

The above prior art solutions have the following drawbacks: the compression resistant layer on the ABS board improves the compression strength of the composite board, but when the compression resistant layer is compounded with the ABS, the board can generate different effects due to different content ratios of the raw materials in the compression resistant layer, and the compression resistant layer does not have a metering device to control the content of the compression resistant layer in the extrusion process, so the technical scheme is to be improved.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a processing method of an ABS plate, which can control the raw material proportion of different plate layers of a composite plate and realize a multifunctional composite plate with sound insulation performance.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a processing method of an ABS plate comprises the following steps,

step one, preparing materials, namely injecting an ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) raw material, an ASA (acrylonitrile styrene acrylate) raw material, a PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) raw material and a sound insulation raw material into four material mixing machines, starting the material mixing machines, and uniformly mixing the raw materials;

step two: thermoplastic molding, heating the raw materials by an extruder;

exhausting, namely exhausting water vapor in the hot-melted raw materials from an exhaust hole of the charging barrel;

quantitatively extruding the ABS raw material, the ASA raw material, the PMMA raw material and the sound insulation raw material;

and step five, fixing the mold, and injecting the raw materials into five groups of corresponding mold cavities in the mold to manufacture the five-layer-structure composite board.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, pour into four different raw materialss of group into four different extruders of group, control extrusion rate, control the motion path of four different raw materialss of group, realize extruding the different extrusion capacity in the unit interval to the same, realize the different ratio of raw materials in the different layer structures of ABS board, the PMMA layer has for the ya keli among the prior art, good optical property has, ABS layer processing property is good and have the thermoforming's of being convenient for performance, the PMMA raw materials has the transparency factor, enter into the model after certain ratio with the material and stereotype, the processing of five layers of ABS plate structures is accomplished.

Further setting the following steps: in the fifth step, the composite board is provided with a PMMA layer, an ASA and PMMA mixed layer, an ABS layer, an ASA and PMMA mixed layer and a sound insulation layer from top to bottom in the five-layer structure, and the weight ratio of the PMMA layer, the ASA and PMMA mixed layer and the sound insulation layer is 7%, 15%, 60%, 15% and 3% respectively.

By adopting the technical scheme, the PMMA layer, the ASA and PMMA mixed layer, the ABS layer, the ASA and PMMA mixed layer and the sound insulation layer are respectively arranged in the five-layer structure from top to bottom, the PMMA layer has good optical performance, the ASA and PMMA mixed layer not only improves the optical performance of the composite plate, but also has anti-aging performance, and the ABS layer has the performance of facilitating thermal forming.

Further setting the following steps: the sound insulation layer is a porous structure formed by polyamide fibers and glass fibers.

By adopting the technical scheme, the glass fiber has good sound insulation performance, the polyamide fiber has excellent mechanical property, the mechanical strength is high, the toughness is good, and the sound insulation effect of the composite board is realized after the glass fiber and the polyamide fiber are mixed with each other.

Further setting the following steps: in the second step, the thermoplastic temperature of the PMMA raw material is 190-240 ℃, the thermoplastic temperature of the ASA raw material is 180-220 ℃, the thermoplastic temperature of the ABS raw material is 185-230 ℃, and the thermoplastic temperature of the sound insulation raw material is 215-220 ℃.

By adopting the technical scheme, the extruder controls different processing to be stable in the thermoplastic process, so that the raw materials are extruded in a molten state, and the extrusion rate of the raw materials in the molten state is convenient to control.

Further setting the following steps: the weight ratio of the ASA raw material to the PMMA raw material in the PMMA mixed layer is 3: 7.

By adopting the technical scheme, the PMMA raw material has good optical performance, and the attractive appearance of the composite board is improved.

Further setting the following steps: the mold forming temperature is 235-240 ℃.

By adopting the technical scheme, the processing temperature in the die is higher than the thermoplastic temperature of each raw material, so that the thermoplastic temperature of each raw material is met.

The invention also aims to provide equipment for processing the ABS plate, which has the advantages of controlling the extrusion amount of different raw materials and realizing the multifunctionality of the composite plate.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the equipment for processing the ABS plate comprises a rack, a die and four groups of extruders, wherein the extruders comprise charging barrels and spiral blades, the four groups of charging barrels are respectively connected with four groups of quantitative pipes with different lengths, and the other ends of the quantitative pipes are connected with the die; the quantitative pipe is close to in a plurality of groups of fixed orificess have been seted up to the one end of feed cylinder, feed cylinder sliding connection has the screw rod, screw rod tip fixedly connected with peg graft in female the awl in the fixed orifices, be provided with on the screw rod and be used for quantitative pipe with the fixed firm fixed subassembly of feed cylinder.

By adopting the technical scheme, the four groups of extruders control the rotating speed of the spiral blades corresponding to four groups of raw materials with different components, the movement paths of the raw materials are changed, the quantitative pipes with different sizes are connected with the charging barrel, the screw rod penetrates through the charging barrel and then is inserted into the fixed hole, the conical nut moves into the fixed hole along with the screw rod, and under the action of the fixed component, the charging barrel and the quantitative pipes are fixed firmly, so that the extrusion amount of different materials is controlled.

Further setting the following steps: the fixed subassembly is located including the cover sleeve on the screw rod and with screw rod threaded connection's nut, set up a plurality of groups on the sleeve circumference side and be used for the expanded incision of sleeve, the nut with the feed cylinder is kept away from in one side butt of ration pipe, the sleeve is located the awl is female and position between the nut.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, drive screw passes behind the through-hole drive nut and screw rod threaded connection, and drive nut rotates, and the nut drives the screw rod and moves towards keeping away from the fixed orifices direction, and the conical nut moves towards sleeve internal motion, and the conical nut is located notched position with the sleeve and outwards extrudees, and the sleeve outer wall is extruded to and fixed orifices inner wall butt, realizes the fixed firm effect of feed cylinder and quantitative pipe

Further setting the following steps: the quantitative pipe with the tip of feed cylinder laminating all is provided with the seal groove, and is two sets of be provided with the sealed bag in the space that the seal groove encloses and establishes, the sealed bag is connected with and wears out the trachea of quantitative pipe, the trachea is connected with aerifys the subassembly.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, after quantitative pipe and feed cylinder were connected, the subassembly of aerifing aerifys the operation through the trachea to the sealed bag, realizes the sealing performance of feed cylinder and quantitative union coupling position.

Further setting the following steps: the four groups of spiral blades are fixedly connected with four groups of driving motors, and the rotating speeds of the four groups of driving motors are the same.

By adopting the technical scheme, the rotating speed of the driving motor is controlled according to a single variable method, the extruding speed of the spiral blades to the raw materials is equal, the weight of the raw materials entering the model is different in unit time, and the gravity ratio of different raw materials is realized.

In conclusion, the beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:

(1) the ABS composite board comprises five layers, wherein the five layers are a PMMA layer, an ASA and PMMA mixed layer, an ABS layer, an ASA and PMMA mixed layer and a sound insulation layer from top to bottom respectively, the PMMA layer has good optical performance, the ASA and PMMA mixed layer improves the optical performance of the composite board and has anti-aging performance, the ABS layer has performance convenient for thermal forming, the sound insulation layer is of a porous structure formed by interaction of glass fibers and polyamide fibers, and the sound insulation layer is located on the layer of the ABS board located indoors, so that the sound insulation effect of the ABS board is achieved.

(2) Peg graft female and sleeve of awl in the fixed orifices, drive screw passes behind the through-hole drive nut and screw rod threaded connection, and drive nut rotates, and the nut drives the screw rod and moves towards keeping away from the fixed orifices direction, and female orientation sleeve internal motion of awl, the awl is female to be located notched position with the sleeve towards outside extrusion, and the sleeve outer wall is extruded to and fixed orifices inner wall butt, realizes the fixed firm effect of feed cylinder and quantitative pipe.

(3) The inflation assembly inflates the sealing bag through the air pipe, and the sealing performance between the charging barrel and the quantitative pipe is ensured.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the die and a set of extruders of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view at A in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.

Reference numerals: 1. a frame; 2. a charging barrel; 3. helical leaves; 4. a dosing tube; 5. a fixing hole; 6. a screw; 7. a conical nut; 8. a fixing assembly; 9. a sleeve; 10. a nut; 11. cutting; 12. a sealing groove; 13. sealing the bag; 14. a drive motor; 15. an inflation assembly; 16. an air tube; 17. and (5) molding.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Example one

Referring to fig. 3, the ABS panel processing method disclosed in the present invention includes the following steps:

step two: thermoplastic molding, heating the raw materials by an extruder;

Firstly, respectively putting an ABS raw material, an ASA raw material, a PMMA raw material and a sound insulation raw material into four groups of plate machines, starting a mixer, and fully mixing the raw materials, wherein the sound insulation raw material is a raw material formed by mixing polyamide fibers and glass fibers, and the ABS raw material is a terpolymer of three monomers, namely acrylonitrile, butadiene and styrene and is a main raw material of the composite plate; the ASA raw material is a graft copolymer of an acrylate rubber body, acrylonitrile and styrene; the PMMA raw material is polymethyl methacrylate and has transparent performance; the glass fiber has good sound insulation performance, the polyamide fiber has good mechanical performance, the mechanical strength is high, the toughness is good, the sound insulation effect of the composite board is realized after the glass fiber and the polyamide fiber are mixed with each other, the mechanical strength of the composite board is improved, and the service life of the composite board is prolonged; the four groups of raw materials are fully mixed and then injected into the extruder of each group for the next process, and in the process of feeding the extruder, the raw materials in the material mixing machine are ensured not to be empty.

Secondly, in the thermoplastic process, a charging barrel in an extruder heats the raw materials, in order to ensure the composite effect among the raw materials, the thermoplastic temperature of the PMMA raw material is 190-240 ℃, the thermoplastic temperature of the ASA raw material is 180-220 ℃, the thermoplastic temperature of the ABS raw material is 185-230 ℃, the thermoplastic temperature of the mixture of the glass fiber and the polyamide fiber is 215-220 ℃, in the thermoplastic process, in order to prevent the influence of the water vapor of the raw materials on the molding quality of the composite plate, the extruder exhausts the water vapor from an exhaust hole of the charging barrel in the thermoplastic process, and the hot-melted materials are extruded by the extruder towards the molding model.

When the total weight of the raw materials in the composite board is regarded as 100 parts, the weight components of different raw materials of each component need to be controlled in order to realize the specific performance of the composite board, so the extruded weight of the raw materials in the extruding process of the extruder needs to be controlled.

The composite board comprises five layers of structures, namely a PMMA layer, an ASA and PMMA mixed layer, an ABS layer, an ASA and PMMA mixed layer and a sound insulation layer from top to bottom, wherein the PMMA layer is arranged on the uppermost layer and accounts for 7 wt%, the PMMA layer is acrylic in the prior art, the composite board has good optical performance and smooth surface performance, the surface smoothness and appearance of the composite board are improved, the market share is improved, the ABS layer is arranged in the middle layer and accounts for 7 wt%, the ABS board is wide in market utilization rate, good in processing performance and convenient to thermally form, and the composite board is convenient to fuse with other layer structures.

The two groups of layers adjacent to the ABS layer are made of ASA and PMMA mixed layers, the weight ratio is 15%, the weight ratio of the ASA raw material to the PMMA raw material is 3:7, the ASA has anti-aging performance, the composite plate is easy to age in the application process, and even discoloration occurs in severe cases, so that the ASA and the PMMA interact with each other, the optical performance of the composite plate is improved, and the anti-aging performance is achieved; the puigging is the poroid structure that glass fiber and polyamide fiber interact constitute, and the puigging is used for in indoor or the factory building, is convenient for realize the syllable-dividing effect in production space.

The mould has five-layer die cavities, inject the corresponding layer structure into the mould according to the quantitative standard, the quality performance of the clad plate is determined by the interlaminar bonding quality of the coextruded clad plate, and the determining factor for the bonding condition of the clad plate is the raw material composition between the interlayers, because the cooling rate of each raw material is different, in order to facilitate the composite effect between the raw materials of each layer, therefore, the compound bonding is carried out by adopting the high melting temperature which is close in the thermoplastic process of the extruder, according to the thermoplastic temperature of different raw materials, the mould forming processing temperature is controlled at 235-plus-240 ℃, the convenient bonding effect between the adjacent layer structures is ensured, and further, the forming, shaping, traction/brake working treatment is completed; the ABS board with sound insulation, smooth appearance and aging resistance is manufactured by quantitatively controlling the weight ratio of different raw materials and accurately controlling the processing temperature of each raw material.

Example two

Referring to fig. 2, the equipment for processing the ABS panel disclosed by the present invention comprises a frame 1, a mold 17 and four groups of extruders, wherein the extruders comprise a barrel 2 and a spiral blade 3, the four groups of barrels 2 are filled with ABS raw material, ASA raw material, PMMA raw material and mixture of polyamide fiber and glass fiber, respectively, and the PMMA raw material has a thermoplastic temperature of 190-; the temperatures in the four groups of charging barrels 2 respectively correspond to the corresponding temperatures of different raw materials.

Referring to fig. 2, in order to facilitate the control of the injection amount of the raw materials in the four extruder groups, four extruder groups 2 are respectively connected with four metering tubes 4 with different lengths, the other ends of the metering tubes 4 are connected with a die 17, the spiral blades 3 are fixedly connected with a driving motor 14 for driving the spiral blades to rotate, according to a univariate principle, the weight of the raw materials injected into the die 17 is related to the rotating plastic of the spiral blades 3 and the moving distance of the raw materials in the same working time, the rotation of the driving motor 14 is the same, the extrusion speed of the spiral blades 3 on the raw materials is the same, according to different raw material weight ratios, the metering tubes 4 with different lengths are matched, the length of the material metering tube 4 with the largest weight ratio is the smallest, different raw material ratios on the ABS board are realized, and the working principle of controlling the driving motor 14 to have a constant rotating speed refers to chinese patent No. CN 1032343660A.

Refer to fig. 2 and fig. 3, in order to ensure the fixed firm effect between quantitative pipe 4 and the feed cylinder 2, quantitative pipe 4 has seted up two sets of fixed orificess 5 near the one end in feed cylinder 2, two sets of through-holes have been seted up on

feed cylinder

2, 2 sliding connection in feed cylinder have two sets of screws 6, screw 6 passes the female 7 of one end fixedly connected with awl of feed cylinder 2, the cross-section circle diameter of the female 7 of awl increases gradually along the 4 directions of quantitative pipe of orientation, the female 7 of awl is followed screw 6 and is pegged graft in fixed orifices 5 together, in order to ensure that screw 6 is firm with the fixed of quantitative pipe 4, be provided with fixed subassembly 8 on screw 6, fixed subassembly 8 is used for quantitative pipe 4 and feed cylinder 2 fixed firm.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the fixing assembly 8 includes a sleeve 9 sleeved on the screw 6 and a nut 10 in threaded connection with the screw 6, four sets of notches 11 for expanding the sleeve 9 are arranged on the circumferential side surface of the sleeve 9, the notches 11 are arranged along the axial direction of the sleeve 9, the nut 10 is abutted against one side of the charging barrel 2 far away from the dosing tube 4, and the sleeve 9 is located between the conical nut 7 and the nut 10; peg graft in fixed orifices 5 female 7 of awl and sleeve 9, drive screw 6 passes behind the through-hole drive nut 10 and 6 threaded connection of screw rod, drive nut 10 rotates, nut 10 is restricted by 2 outer walls of feed cylinder along the motion on the screw rod 6, nut 10 drives 6 orientation of screw rod and keeps away from 5 direction motions in the fixed orifices, female 7 of awl is towards sleeve 9 internal motion, along with the female 7 motion of awl, female 7 of awl is located sleeve 9 in the position of incision 11 towards outside extrusion, the sleeve 9 outer wall is extruded to 5 inner walls butt with the fixed orifices, realize feed cylinder 2 and quantitative pipe 4's fixed firm effect.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, in order to ensure the sealing effect between the quantitative tube 4 and the charging barrel 2, the ends of the quantitative tube 4 attached to the charging barrel 2 are provided with sealing grooves 12, two sets of sealing grooves 12 are provided with sealing bags 13 in the enclosed space, the sealing bags 13 are connected with air pipes 16 penetrating out of the quantitative tube 4, the air pipes 16 are connected with air inflation assemblies 15, the air inflation assemblies 15 inflate the sealing bags 13, the sealing bags 13 expand and are attached to the inner walls of the sealing grooves 12, the sealing bags 13 are made of high-temperature-resistant rubber in the prior art, and the sealing performance of the connection positions of the quantitative tube 4 and the charging barrel 2 is realized.

The implementation principle and the beneficial effects of the embodiment are as follows: inserting a cone nut 7 and a sleeve 9 into a fixing hole 5, placing a sealing bag 13 in a gap between two groups of sealing grooves 12, driving a screw 6 to penetrate through a through hole and then driving a nut 10 to be in threaded connection with the screw 6, driving the nut 10 to rotate, driving the screw 6 to move towards the direction away from the fixing hole 5 by the nut 10, driving the cone nut 7 to move towards the sleeve 9, extruding the position, located at a notch 11, of the sleeve 9 outwards by the cone nut 7, and extruding the outer wall of the sleeve 9 to be abutted against the inner wall of the fixing hole 5, so that the fixing and stabilizing effects of the charging barrel 2 and the quantifying pipe 4 are realized; the inflation assembly 15 inflates the sealing bag 13 through the air pipe 16, and the sealing performance between the charging barrel 2 and the quantitative tube 4 is ensured.

ABS raw materials, ASA raw materials, PMMA raw materials and a mixture of polyamide fibers and glass fibers are respectively injected into different material cylinders 2, after the raw materials are melted, water vapor is discharged from an exhaust hole, a driving motor 14 drives a spiral blade 3 to rotate, the spiral blade 3 extrudes the raw materials from the material cylinders 2 into a quantitative pipe 4, the rotating speed of the driving motor 14 is controlled, the raw materials are extruded to different weights of a mold 17 in the same time, the weight proportion of the raw materials of each layer of structure of the ABS plate is completed, a PMMA layer, an ASA and PMMA mixed layer, an ABS layer, an ASA and PMMA mixed layer and a sound insulation layer are respectively arranged from top to bottom in the five-layer structure, the PMMA layer has good optical performance, the ASA and PMMA mixed layer not only improves the optical performance of the composite plate, but also has anti-aging performance, the ABS layer has the performance convenient for thermal forming, the sound insulation layer is a hole-shaped structure formed by the interaction of the glass fibers and the polyamide fibers, the puigging is located the indoor one deck of ABS board, realizes the syllable-dividing effect of ABS board.

The embodiments of the present invention are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the invention are covered by the protection scope of the invention.

Claims

1. An ABS board processing method is characterized in that: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,

step two: thermoplastic molding, namely heating the raw materials by an extruder, wherein the thermoplastic temperature of the PMMA raw material is 190-240 ℃, the thermoplastic temperature of the ASA raw material is 180-220 ℃, the thermoplastic temperature of the ABS raw material is 185-230 ℃, the thermoplastic temperature of the sound insulation raw material is 215-220 ℃, the weight ratio of the ASA raw material to the PMMA raw material is 3:7, and the molding temperature of a mold is 235-240 ℃;

step five, fixing the mold, injecting the raw materials into five groups of corresponding mold cavities in the mold to prepare a composite plate with a five-layer structure, wherein the composite plate comprises a PMMA layer, an ASA and PMMA mixed layer, an ABS layer, an ASA and PMMA mixed layer and a sound insulation layer from top to bottom in the five-layer structure, and the weight ratios of the PMMA layer, the ASA and PMMA mixed layer, the ABS layer, the ASA and PMMA mixed layer and the sound insulation layer are 7%, 15%, 60%, 15% and 3% respectively; the sound insulation layer is a porous structure formed by raw materials formed by mixing polyamide fibers and glass fibers, the ABS raw material is a terpolymer of three monomers of acrylonitrile, butadiene and styrene, the ASA raw material is a graft copolymer of acrylate rubber bodies, acrylonitrile and styrene, and the PMMA raw material is polymethyl methacrylate.