CN110416617A - A kind of high pressure resistant ionic liquid lithium cell electrolyte and lithium battery - Google Patents
A kind of high pressure resistant ionic liquid lithium cell electrolyte and lithium battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN110416617A CN110416617A CN201910647184.3A CN201910647184A CN110416617A CN 110416617 A CN110416617 A CN 110416617A CN 201910647184 A CN201910647184 A CN 201910647184A CN 110416617 A CN110416617 A CN 110416617A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
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- H01M2300/0091—Composites in the form of mixtures
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of high pressure resistant ionic liquid lithium cell electrolyte, including ionic liquid and lithium salts, ionic liquid is made of cation and anion, cationic general structure are as follows:OrIn formula, R1For alkyl, R2For electron-donating group, n is the integer between 0~9；Anion is selected from PF6 ‑、BF4 ‑、ClO4 ‑、N(CF3SO2)2 ‑、CF3SO3 ‑、C2BF2O4 ‑And BF2O4 ‑One of or it is a variety of；Molar concentration of the lithium salts in high pressure resistant ionic liquid lithium cell electrolyte is 0.5~5.0mol/L.The present invention obtains high voltage withstanding electrolyte and dissolving different lithium salts in particular kind of ionic liquid, not only have the advantages that excellent high voltage withstanding, high temperature resistant, safety and reliability raising, at low cost, the advantages of being easily-synthesized with high ionic conductivity, low interfacial resistance is also shown, suitable for the large-scale application lithium battery；It is with relatively good stability, and high temperature resistant, lithium ion transference number is high, is used for high voltage lithium metal secondary cell, can greatly improve its cycle performance and security performance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of lithium ion battery, and in particular to a kind of high pressure resistant ionic liquid lithium cell electrolyte and lithium electricity
Pond.
Background technique
Nowadays lithium ion battery is the essential building blocks of the portable electronic devices such as computer, iPad, mobile phone, mainly because
It is high with energy density, have extended cycle life, self-discharge rate is low, memory-less effect, discharge voltage are stable, charge and discharge quickly and ring
The advantages that guarantor.However, such as seeking higher with the development of society, the requirement for lithium ion battery will also come higher
The quick charge of power density, energy resource density, battery becomes the direction that many scientific researches are probed into.
Because power and energy provided by battery are directly proportional to operating voltage, to solve the above-mentioned problems, improve
The voltage of battery is most simple direct method.Traditional electrode material, such as LiCoO2(3.9 V), LiMn2O4(4.1 V),
LiFePO4(3.5 V) has relatively low redox voltage, and then limits the performance of battery.Nowadays commercialized lithium
Ionic electrolytes are applicable in voltage in 4.5V hereinafter, being higher than 4.5V electrolyte will decompose.Such as commercialized organic carbonate
Lipid electrolyte is easy to oxygenolysis under high pressure, leads to battery performance fast decay.Therefore, research preparation is resistant to high electricity
The lithium-ion electrolyte of pressure is extremely important for developing high-energy density, high power density, Fast Charge Battery.
LiNi with spinel structure0.5Mn1.5O4Redox voltage and high power density (1C=with 4.7V or so
145mAh g-1), battery of the invention is LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4。
Summary of the invention
A kind of high pressure resistant ionic liquid lithium battery electrolysis is provided the invention aims to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art
Matter and lithium battery.
Ionic liquid is a kind of room temperature molten salt, excellent high temperature resistant, nonflammable, difficult volatilization, electrochemically stable performance,
It can artificial its molecular structure of control accurate.Power of the ionic liquid electrolyte since good ionic conduction can be combined
Learn and the requirement of high ion concentration and be considered as a kind of potential electrolyte of tool.Therefore, by ionic liquid and lithium appropriate
Salt is prepared by mixing into high voltage withstanding lithium ion battery electrolyte, is a kind of feasible thinking.Not only there is excellent dendritic growth
The advantages of inhibition, safety and reliability improve, also shows good lithium ion conductivity, thermal stability, electrode electrolyte
Compatibility；Facilitate the generation of electrode electrolyte interface film SEI, therefore, has in high voltage, high-power lithium metal battery huge
Big application prospect.
The first purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of high pressure resistant ionic liquid lithium cell electrolyte, including ionic liquid
And lithium salts, the ionic liquid are made of cation and anion, the general structure of the cation are as follows: R1For alkyl, R2For electron-donating group, n is the integer between 0~9；Institute
Stating anion is selected from PF6 -、BF4 -、ClO4 -、N(CF3SO2)2 -、CF3SO3 -、C2BF2O4 -And BF2O4 -One of or it is a variety of；
Molar concentration of the lithium salts in the high pressure resistant ionic liquid lithium cell electrolyte is 0.5~5.0mol/L.
Specifically, R2For selected from one of alkyl, alkoxy and epoxy alkyl.
Preferably, R2For selected from one of alkyl and alkoxy.
It is further preferred that R2For selected from one of methyl and methoxyl group.
Specifically, R1For one of methyl and ethyl.
Specifically, n is the integer between 1~5.
Preferably, n is selected from one of 1,3 and 5.
Specifically, the anion is selected from PF6 -、ClO4 -、BF4 -With N (CF3SO2)2 -One of or it is a variety of.
Preferably, the anion is selected from PF6 -、BF4 -With N (CF3SO2)2 -One of.
Specifically, the lithium salts is selected from bis trifluoromethyl sulfimide lithium, lithium hexafluoro phosphate, dioxalic acid lithium borate, height
One or more of lithium chlorate, difluorine oxalic acid boracic acid lithium, LiBF4 and trifluoromethyl sulfonic acid lithium.
Preferably, the lithium salts be selected from bis trifluoromethyl sulfimide lithium, lithium hexafluoro phosphate, dioxalic acid lithium borate,
One of lithium perchlorate, difluorine oxalic acid boracic acid lithium.
It is further preferred that the lithium salts is selected from bis trifluoromethyl sulfimide lithium, lithium hexafluoro phosphate, dioxalic acid
One of lithium borate.
Preferably, molar concentration of the lithium salts in the high pressure resistant ionic liquid lithium cell electrolyte be 1.0~
5.0mol/L。
Second object of the present invention is to provide a kind of lithium battery, including anode, cathode and electrolyte, the electrolysis
Matter is high pressure resistant ionic liquid lithium cell electrolyte as described above, and the cathode is lithium metal；It is described to be just extremely selected from ferric phosphate
The combination of one or more of lithium, ternary material, nickel ion doped and sulphur carbon material.
Specifically, the anode and the cathode also independently include conductive additive and binder.
Preferably, the conductive additive is selected from carbon black, super carbon black, natural graphite, synthetic graphite, graphene and gold
One of metal particles are a variety of, and the binder is in Kynoar, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and carboxymethyl cellulose
It is one or more.
Specifically, the lithium battery further includes the porous polymer membrane between the anode and the cathode.
Due to the above technical solutions, the present invention has the following advantages over the prior art: the present invention it is high pressure resistant from
Sub- liquid lithium cell electrolyte obtains high voltage withstanding electricity and dissolving different lithium salts in particular kind of ionic liquid
Xie Zhi not only has excellent high voltage withstanding value, and withstand voltage value is greater than 4.5V, and high temperature resistant, safety and reliability improve excellent
Point also shows at low cost, the advantages of being easily-synthesized with high ionic conductivity, low interfacial resistance, suitable for big lithium battery
Sizable application；It is with relatively good stability, and high temperature resistant, lithium ion transference number is high, and it is secondary to be used for high voltage lithium metal
Battery can greatly improve its cycle performance and security performance.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the high voltage withstanding performance test figure of high voltage withstanding ionic liquid made from embodiment 5；
Fig. 2 is that high pressure resistant ionic liquid lithium cell electrolyte prepared by embodiment 5 is applied to Li/LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4Battery
Charging and discharging curve figure；
Fig. 3 is that high pressure resistant ionic liquid lithium cell electrolyte prepared by embodiment 5 is applied to Li/LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4Battery
Impedance diagram；
Fig. 4 is that high pressure resistant ionic liquid lithium cell electrolyte prepared by embodiment 5 is applied to Li/LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4Battery
Stable circulation figure.
Fig. 5 is that high pressure resistant ionic liquid lithium cell electrolyte prepared by embodiment 5 is applied to Li/LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4Battery
Coulombic efficiency figure.
Fig. 6 is that high pressure resistant ionic liquid lithium cell electrolyte prepared by embodiment 5 is applied to Li/LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4Battery
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph after circulation 10 times.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described in detail combined with specific embodiments below, but the present invention is not limited to following implementations
Example.Implementation condition used in the examples can do further adjustment according to specifically used different requirements, the implementation being not specified
Condition is the normal condition in the industry.
Battery of the invention is button cell.
The present invention provides a kind of high pressure resistant ionic liquid electrolyte and lithium battery, the specific steps are as follows:
1, the preparation of ionic liquid: by cationic donor and anionic donor, in methyl alcohol, lower 50 DEG C of condition of nitrogen gas are stirred
It mixes, obtains salt, add anion exchange salt, carry out anion exchange, obtained ionic liquid.
2, lithium salts the preparation of high pressure resistant ionic liquid lithium cell electrolyte: is dissolved in above-mentioned ion by certain inventory
In liquid, high pressure resistant ionic liquid lithium cell electrolyte is obtained.
3, the assemble method of battery: by LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4(LNMO), the ratio of super carbon black, PVDF 8:1:1 in mass ratio
Example, which is dispersed in N-Methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), is made slurry, scratches on aluminium foil, and it is 12mm's that diameter is cut into after dry
As battery positive pole piece, (activity substance content of pole piece is about 1.0mg/cm to disk2)；Or it is LiCoMnO4, PVDF, super
The carbon black ratio of 8:1:1 in mass ratio, which is dispersed in be uniformly dispersed in N-Methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), is made slurry, is coated in aluminium foil
On, 24 hours are then heated at 60 DEG C to drying, (sulphur load capacity is about 1.2mg/cm as battery positive pole piece2).With thickness
About 20 μm of lithium metal foils are as negative pole piece of battery.When assembling button cell, cathode, diaphragm and above-mentioned are put well in glove box
High pressure resistant ionic liquid lithium cell electrolyte, is clipped between lithium metal foil and LNMO electrode, eventually forms button cell.
It is the test data of embodiment 1-5 and comparative example 1-4 below, as shown in the table:
Table 1
It is respectively the linear voltammetric scan figure of the ionic liquid electrolyte obtained of embodiment 5 and comparative example 3 from Fig. 1, from
Ionic liquid in sub- liquid electrolyte, R2 are respectively electron-donating group, electron-withdrawing group to ionic liquid chemical property
It influences, when R2 is electron-donating group, withstand voltage value can reach 5.23V.
It is the charging and discharging curve figure of battery from Fig. 2.
, it can be seen that ionic liquid electrolyte has higher ionic conductivity from Fig. 3.
From Fig. 4, Fig. 5 it can be seen that the ionic liquid electrolyte of the embodiment of the present invention 5 is able to maintain that nickel ion doped/lithium metal
Battery and stablizing for lithium-sulfur cell recycle.
From Fig. 6 it can be seen that ionic liquid electrolyte prepared by embodiment 5 is applied to nickel ion doped/lithium metal secondary cell
LNMO electrode material largely recycle after flying-spot microscope figure, show to generate uniform SEI electrode protective membrane.
The above embodiments merely illustrate the technical concept and features of the present invention, and its object is to allow person skilled in the art
Scholar cans understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, and it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, it is all according to the present invention
Equivalent change or modification made by Spirit Essence, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of high pressure resistant ionic liquid lithium cell electrolyte, including ionic liquid and lithium salts, the ionic liquid is by cation
It is formed with anion, which is characterized in that the general structure of the cation are as follows: In formula, R1For alkyl, R2For electron-donating group, n is the integer between 0~9；The anion is choosing
From PF6 -、BF4 -、ClO4 -、N(CF3SO2)2 -、CF3SO3 -、C2BF2O4 -And BF2O4 -One of or it is a variety of；
Molar concentration of the lithium salts in the high pressure resistant ionic liquid lithium cell electrolyte is 0.5~5.0mol/L.
2. high pressure resistant ionic liquid lithium cell electrolyte according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: R2For selected from alkyl, alkane
One of oxygroup and epoxy alkyl.
3. high pressure resistant ionic liquid lithium cell electrolyte according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: R1For methyl and ethyl
One of.
4. high pressure resistant ionic liquid lithium cell electrolyte according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: n is between 1~5
Integer.
5. high pressure resistant ionic liquid lithium cell electrolyte according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the anion is choosing
From PF6 -、BF4 -、ClO4 -With N (CF3SO2)2 -One of or it is a variety of.
6. high pressure resistant ionic liquid lithium cell electrolyte according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the lithium salts be selected from
Bis trifluoromethyl sulfimide lithium, lithium hexafluoro phosphate, dioxalic acid lithium borate, lithium perchlorate, difluorine oxalic acid boracic acid lithium, tetrafluoro boric acid
One or more of lithium and trifluoromethyl sulfonic acid lithium.
7. high pressure resistant ionic liquid lithium cell electrolyte according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the lithium salts is described
Molar concentration in high pressure resistant ionic liquid lithium cell electrolyte is 1.0~5.0mol/L.
8. a kind of lithium battery, including anode, cathode and electrolyte, it is characterised in that: the electrolyte is claim 1 to 7
Any one of described in high pressure resistant ionic liquid lithium cell electrolyte, the cathode be lithium metal；It is described to be just extremely selected from ferric phosphate
The combination of one or more of lithium, ternary material, nickel ion doped and sulphur carbon material.
9. lithium battery according to claim 8, it is characterised in that: the anode and the cathode are also independently including conduction
Additive and binder.
10. lithium battery according to claim 9, it is characterised in that: the conductive additive is selected from carbon black, super charcoal
One of black, natural graphite, synthetic graphite, graphene and metallic particles are a variety of, and the binder is selected from polyvinylidene fluoride
One of alkene, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and carboxymethyl cellulose are a variety of.
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1835272A (en) * | 2005-03-14 | 2006-09-20 | 株式会社东芝 | Non-aqueous electrolyte battery |
| CN102887850A (en) * | 2011-07-18 | 2013-01-23 | 海洋王照明科技股份有限公司 | Pyridine-ion-containing liquid, preparation method and application thereof |
| CN102993118A (en) * | 2011-09-19 | 2013-03-27 | 海洋王照明科技股份有限公司 | Piperidine-containing ionic liquid and preparation method thereof, and electrolyte and application thereof |
| CN103788017A (en) * | 2012-10-31 | 2014-05-14 | 海洋王照明科技股份有限公司 | Piperidines ionic liquid, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN104781977A (en) * | 2013-07-05 | 2015-07-15 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | Electrochemical energy storage device |
| US20190196291A1 (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2019-06-27 | Heliotrope Technologies, Inc. | Gel electrolyte precursor compositions, electrochromic devices including gel electorlytes, and manufacturing methods thereof |
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2019
- 2019-07-17 CN CN201910647184.3A patent/CN110416617B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1835272A (en) * | 2005-03-14 | 2006-09-20 | 株式会社东芝 | Non-aqueous electrolyte battery |
| CN102887850A (en) * | 2011-07-18 | 2013-01-23 | 海洋王照明科技股份有限公司 | Pyridine-ion-containing liquid, preparation method and application thereof |
| CN102993118A (en) * | 2011-09-19 | 2013-03-27 | 海洋王照明科技股份有限公司 | Piperidine-containing ionic liquid and preparation method thereof, and electrolyte and application thereof |
| CN103788017A (en) * | 2012-10-31 | 2014-05-14 | 海洋王照明科技股份有限公司 | Piperidines ionic liquid, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN104781977A (en) * | 2013-07-05 | 2015-07-15 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | Electrochemical energy storage device |
| US20190196291A1 (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2019-06-27 | Heliotrope Technologies, Inc. | Gel electrolyte precursor compositions, electrochromic devices including gel electorlytes, and manufacturing methods thereof |
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