CN110411332B - System and method for testing sensitivity coefficient of resistance strain gauge - Google Patents
System and method for testing sensitivity coefficient of resistance strain gauge Download PDFInfo
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- CN110411332B CN110411332B CN201910829331.9A CN201910829331A CN110411332B CN 110411332 B CN110411332 B CN 110411332B CN 201910829331 A CN201910829331 A CN 201910829331A CN 110411332 B CN110411332 B CN 110411332B
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000004154 testing of material Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001967 Metal rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge
- G01B7/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge using change in resistance
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for testing the sensitivity coefficient of a resistance strain gauge, and belongs to the technical field of strain electrical measurement. The strain gauge solves the problem that in the prior art, a strain gauge cannot test a special strain gauge with unmatched resistance, namely, the sensitivity coefficient of the strain gauge cannot be measured for a nonstandard resistance strain gauge with any resistance. The standard strain gauge and the nonstandard strain gauge comprise a calibration device, a loading device, a data acquisition system and a reference system, wherein the calibration device can generate unidirectional tensile strain under the condition that the loading device applies compressive stress to the standard strain gauge and the nonstandard strain gauge, the standard strain gauge and the nonstandard strain gauge are both arranged on the calibration device, the data acquisition system comprises a Wheatstone bridge, a signal amplifier and an oscilloscope, the Wheatstone bridge is respectively connected with the nonstandard strain gauge and the signal amplifier, the signal amplifier is connected with the oscilloscope, the reference system comprises a strain gauge and a computer, and the strain gauge is respectively connected with the standard strain gauge and the computer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of strain electrical measurement, and particularly relates to a system and a method for testing sensitivity coefficients of a resistance strain gauge.
Background
Strain gauge electrical measurement technology has been one of the main means of structural stress/strain analysis from birth to date, and resistance strain gauges are key sensing elements in which stress/strain is measured. Foil strain gauges are currently the main stream commodity on the market, and corresponding strain gauges and other back-end data acquisition instruments are also developed mainly for standard foil strain gauges. However, with the expansion of the application range of strain gauges, especially the expansion of the special strain measurement field, the variety of strain gauges has a diversified trend, and miniaturized and precise special strain gauges are also becoming more and more important. These new strain gauges, such as thick film strain gauges, thin film strain gauges, etc., are very few well-established commercial products, and many are still under research and development, requiring their performance characteristics to be checked during development.
The sensitivity coefficient is the sensitivity degree of the strain gauge for converting strain into resistance change, is one of important working characteristics of the strain gauge, and is also the working characteristic required to be detected in the national standard inspection requirement. Commercial data acquisition instruments (strain gauges) are generally used for measuring standard foil type strain gauges with resistance values of 120 omega and 350 omega, and special strain gauges with unmatched resistance values cannot be tested, namely the sensitivity coefficients of the strain gauges cannot be measured for nonstandard resistance strain gauges with any resistance values.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that in the prior art, a strain gauge cannot test a special strain gauge with unmatched resistance values, namely, the sensitivity coefficient of the special strain gauge cannot be measured for a nonstandard resistance strain gauge with any resistance value, the invention provides a system and a method for testing the sensitivity coefficient of the resistance strain gauge.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The system for testing the sensitivity coefficient of the resistance strain gauge comprises a standard strain gauge and a nonstandard strain gauge, and comprises a calibration device, a loading device, a data acquisition system and a reference system, wherein the calibration device can generate unidirectional tensile strain under the condition that the loading device applies compressive stress to the standard strain gauge and the nonstandard strain gauge, the standard strain gauge and the nonstandard strain gauge are both arranged on the calibration device, the data acquisition system comprises a Wheatstone bridge, a signal amplifier and an oscilloscope, the Wheatstone bridge is respectively connected with the nonstandard strain gauge and the signal amplifier, the signal amplifier is connected with the oscilloscope, the reference system comprises a strain gauge and a computer, and the strain gauge is respectively connected with the standard strain gauge and the computer.
Further, the calibration device is an elastic ring, the elastic ring is made of a through hole which is formed by arranging and penetrating a prism with a triangular cross section along the axial direction, a gap which is communicated with each other is formed between the through hole and one side surface of the prism, and the standard strain gauge and the nonstandard strain gauge are both arranged on the side surface of the prism opposite to the gap.
Further, the prism is a regular triangular prism, the standard strain gauge and the non-standard strain gauge are both arranged on the center line of the side face of the prism opposite to the notch, and the prism is made of aluminum alloy or stainless steel.
Further, the loading device is a material testing machine with an upper clamp and a lower clamp.
Furthermore, the nonstandard strain gauge is connected into the Wheatstone bridge to form a 1/4 bridge, other bridge arms in the Wheatstone bridge are composed of precise resistors, and the resistance value of the precise resistors is the same as that of the nonstandard strain gauge.
The invention also provides a method for testing the sensitivity coefficient of the resistance strain gauge, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: the method comprises the steps that a nonstandard strain gauge and a standard strain gauge to be tested are stuck on an elastic ring testing surface along the strain direction, wherein the testing surface is a side surface of a prism opposite to a notch;
Step 2: the nonstandard strain gauge to be tested is connected into a Wheatstone bridge to form a 1/4 bridge, other bridge arms in the Wheatstone bridge are composed of precise resistors, and the resistance value of the precise resistors is the same as that of the nonstandard strain gauge to be tested;
Step 3: the input end and the output end of the Wheatstone bridge are electrically connected with a signal amplifier, the signal amplifier supplies power to the Wheatstone bridge and amplifies a voltage signal output by the bridge, and the signal amplifier is connected with an oscilloscope;
Step 4: accessing a standard strain gauge into a strain gauge, and connecting the strain gauge with a computer and display equipment;
step 5: placing the elastic ring between an upper clamp and a lower clamp of a material testing machine for pre-compacting;
Step 6: the elastic ring is pressurized for k times by using a material testing machine, and the pressure applied by each step is x 1、x2、x3、……、xk in sequence; meanwhile, the voltage readings acquired by the oscilloscopes are u 1、u2、u3、……、un in sequence, and the strain readings acquired by the strain gauges are epsilon 1、ε2、ε3、……、εk in sequence;
step 7: the sensitivity coefficient K of the nonstandard strain gauge is calculated by the following method:
In the formula (1), a is the amplification factor of a signal amplifier; u 0 is the supply voltage provided by the signal amplifier to the bridge; Δu n＝un-u1(n＝2、3、4、……k);Δεn＝εn-ε1 (n=2, 3,4, … … k);
Sensitivity coefficient
In the step1, the nonstandard strain gauge and the standard strain gauge to be tested are stuck on the middle line of the elastic ring test surface along the strain direction.
In the step 5, the pre-pressing pressure is 5N-20N.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
For nonstandard strain gauges with any resistance, the sensitivity coefficient of the nonstandard strain gauges can be measured by adopting the test system and the test method.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for testing the sensitivity coefficient of a resistance strain gauge according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the calibration device (elastic ring) in the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the present invention with an elastomeric ring placed on a fixture of a material testing machine for pre-compaction.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of data collected by a back-end apparatus of the present invention for a material testing machine with stepped applied pressure.
The marks in the figure: 1-calibration device, 2-standard strain gauge, 3-nonstandard strain gauge, 4-strain gauge, 5-computer, 6-Wheatstone bridge, 7-signal amplifier, 8-oscilloscope, 9-material testing machine, 11-test surface, 12-notch, 13-midline, 14-through hole, 91-upper fixture and 92-lower fixture.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiments, which are merely some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, other embodiments that may be used by those of ordinary skill in the art without making any inventive effort are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
As shown in fig. 1-3, a system for testing the sensitivity coefficient of a resistance strain gauge comprises a standard strain gauge 2 and a non-standard strain gauge 32, and comprises a calibration device 1, a loading device, a data acquisition system and a reference system, wherein the calibration device 1 can generate unidirectional tensile strain under the condition that the loading device applies compressive stress to the calibration device, the standard strain gauge 2 and the non-standard strain gauge 32 are both arranged on the calibration device 1, the data acquisition system comprises a wheatstone bridge 6, a signal amplifier 7 and an oscilloscope 8, the signal amplifier 7 is connected with the oscilloscope 8, and the wheatstone bridge 6 is used for converting small changes of the resistance of the non-standard strain gauge 32 into voltage signals suitable for amplification and processing; the input end and the output end of the Wheatstone bridge 6 are electrically connected with a signal amplifier 7, the signal amplifier 7 supplies power to the Wheatstone bridge 6 and amplifies a voltage signal output by the bridge, and the signal amplifier 7 is connected with an oscilloscope 8; the input end and the output end of the Wheatstone bridge 6 are electrically connected with a signal amplifier 7, the signal amplifier 7 supplies power to the Wheatstone bridge 6 and amplifies a voltage signal output by the bridge, and the signal amplifier 7 is connected with an oscilloscope 8; the reference system comprises a strain gauge 4 and a computer 5, wherein the strain gauge 4 is respectively connected with the standard strain gauge 2 and the computer 5; the strain gauge 4 is used to collect and analyze strain data generated by standard strain gages.
In this embodiment, the calibration device 1 is an elastic ring, as shown in fig. 1, the preferred material of the elastic ring is a metal elastomer with good linearity and high elastic limit, the elastic ring is made of a through hole 14 with a triangular prism cross section and penetrating along the axial direction, a gap 12 is arranged between the through hole 14 and one side of the prism, and the standard strain gauge 2 and the non-standard strain gauge 32 are both mounted on the side of the prism opposite to the gap 12.
In this embodiment, the prism is a regular triangular prism, and the standard strain gauge 2 and the non-standard strain gauge 32 are mounted on a center line 13 of a side of the prism opposite to the notch 12, and the prism is made of aluminum alloy or stainless steel. When the top and bottom of the elastic ring are pressurized, the test surface 11 can generate unidirectional tensile strain; the test surface 11 is a side surface of the prism opposite to the notch 12;
In this embodiment, the loading device is a material testing machine 9 with an upper clamp 91 and a lower clamp 92. The calibration device 1 can be subjected to a compressive stress step by means of a material loading tester.
In this embodiment, the nonstandard strain gauge 32 is connected to the wheatstone bridge 6 to form a 1/4 bridge, and the other bridge arms in the wheatstone bridge 6 are composed of precise resistors, and the resistance values of the precise resistors are the same as those of the nonstandard strain gauge 32.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the model number of the material testing machine 9 selected is: SHAED-3000 electronic universal material testing machine; the model number of the signal amplifier 7 is as follows: DH-8342 programmed strain amplifier of Donghua company; the model 8 of the oscilloscope is as follows: DSOX2002A digital oscilloscope from Agilent; the strain gauge 4 is: MX1615B of HBM corporation.
The invention also provides a method for testing the sensitivity coefficient of the resistance strain gauge, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: the non-standard strain gauge 32 and the standard strain gauge 2 to be tested are adhered to the elastic ring test surface 11 along the strain direction, and the test surface 11 is a side surface of the prism opposite to the notch 12;
step 2: the nonstandard strain gauge 32 to be tested is connected into the Wheatstone bridge 6 to form a 1/4 bridge, other bridge arms in the Wheatstone bridge 6 are composed of precise resistors, and the resistance value of the precise resistors is the same as that of the nonstandard strain gauge 32 to be tested;
step 3: the input end and the output end of the Wheatstone bridge 6 are electrically connected with a signal amplifier 7, the signal amplifier 7 supplies power to the Wheatstone bridge 6 and amplifies a voltage signal output by the bridge, and the signal amplifier 7 is connected with an oscilloscope 8;
Step 4: the standard strain gauge 2 is connected with the strain gauge 4, and the strain gauge 4 is connected with the computer 5 and the display equipment;
Step 5: the elastic ring is placed between an upper clamp 92 and a lower clamp 92 of the material testing machine 9 for pre-compaction; the precompression pressure is preferably 5N to 20N.
Step 6: the elastic ring is subjected to step-type pressurization for k times by using a material testing machine 9, and the pressure applied by each step is x 1、x2、x3、……、xk in sequence; meanwhile, the voltage readings acquired by the oscilloscopes are u 1、u2、u3、……、un in sequence, and the strain readings acquired by the strain gauges are epsilon in sequence 1、ε2、ε3、……、εk
Step 7: the sensitivity coefficient K of the nonstandard strain gauge 32 is calculated as follows:
in the formula (1), a is the amplification factor of the signal amplifier 7; u0 is the supply voltage provided by the signal amplifier 7 to the Wheatstone bridge 6; Δu n＝un-u1(n＝2、3、4、……k);Δεn＝εn-ε1 (n=2, 3,4, … … k).
Sensitivity coefficient
In the step 1, the nonstandard strain gauge 32 and the standard strain gauge 2 to be tested are stuck on the central line 13 of the elastic ring test surface 11 along the strain direction, and are used for measuring the most average position of the real strain of the elastic ring test surface 11;
The sensitivity coefficient of the nonstandard strain gauge 32 with any resistance can be measured by the test system and the test method according to the invention, as shown in fig. 4.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The system for testing the sensitivity coefficient of the resistance strain gauge comprises a standard strain gauge and a nonstandard strain gauge, and is characterized by comprising a calibration device, a loading device, a data acquisition system and a reference system, wherein the calibration device can generate unidirectional tensile strain under the condition that the loading device applies compressive stress to the standard strain gauge and the nonstandard strain gauge, the standard strain gauge and the nonstandard strain gauge are both arranged on the calibration device, the data acquisition system comprises a Wheatstone bridge, a signal amplifier and an oscilloscope, the Wheatstone bridge is respectively connected with the nonstandard strain gauge and the signal amplifier, the signal amplifier is connected with the oscilloscope, the reference system comprises a strain gauge and a computer, and the strain gauge is respectively connected with the standard strain gauge and the computer;
The calibration device is an elastic ring, the elastic ring is made of a through hole which is formed by arranging and penetrating a prism with a triangular cross section along the axial direction, a gap which is communicated with each other is formed between the through hole and one side surface of the prism, and the standard strain gauge and the non-standard strain gauge are both arranged on the side surface of the prism opposite to the gap;
the loading device is a material testing machine with an upper clamp and a lower clamp.
2. A system for testing the sensitivity coefficient of a resistance strain gauge according to claim 1, wherein the prism is a regular triangular prism, the standard strain gauge and the non-standard strain gauge are each mounted on a center line of a side of the prism opposite to the notch, and the prism is made of an aluminum alloy or stainless steel.
3. A system for testing the sensitivity coefficient of a resistive strain gauge according to claim 1, wherein the non-standard strain gauge is connected to a wheatstone bridge to form a 1/4 bridge, and the other bridge arms in the wheatstone bridge are composed of precision resistors, and the resistance values of the precision resistors are the same as those of the non-standard strain gauge.
4. A method for testing the sensitivity coefficient of a resistance strain gauge, comprising the system for testing the sensitivity coefficient of a resistance strain gauge according to any one of claims 1 to 3, specifically comprising the steps of:
step 1: the method comprises the steps that a nonstandard strain gauge and a standard strain gauge to be tested are stuck on an elastic ring testing surface along the strain direction, wherein the testing surface is a side surface of a prism opposite to a notch;
Step 2: the nonstandard strain gauge to be tested is connected into a Wheatstone bridge to form a 1/4 bridge, other bridge arms in the Wheatstone bridge are composed of precise resistors, and the resistance value of the precise resistors is the same as that of the nonstandard strain gauge to be tested;
Step 3: the input end and the output end of the Wheatstone bridge are electrically connected with a signal amplifier, the signal amplifier supplies power to the Wheatstone bridge and amplifies a voltage signal output by the bridge, and the signal amplifier is connected with an oscilloscope;
Step 4: accessing a standard strain gauge into a strain gauge, and connecting the strain gauge with a computer and display equipment;
step 5: placing the elastic ring between an upper clamp and a lower clamp of a material testing machine for pre-compacting;
Step 6: the elastic ring is pressurized for k times by using a material testing machine, and the pressure applied by each step is x 1、x2、x3、……、xk in sequence; meanwhile, the voltage readings acquired by the oscilloscopes are u 1、u2、u3、……、un in sequence, and the strain readings acquired by the strain gauges are epsilon 1、ε2、ε3、……、εk in sequence;
step 7: the sensitivity coefficient K of the nonstandard strain gauge is calculated by the following method:
In the formula (1), a is the amplification factor of a signal amplifier; u 0 is the supply voltage provided by the signal amplifier to the bridge; Δu n＝un-u1(n＝2、3、4、……k);Δεn＝εn-ε1 (n=2, 3,4, … … k);
Sensitivity coefficient
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein in the step 1, the nonstandard strain gauge and the standard strain gauge to be tested are stuck on the middle line of the elastic ring test surface along the strain direction.
6. A method of testing the sensitivity of a strain gauge according to claim 4, wherein in said step 5, the pre-pressing force is 5N to 20N.
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