CN110410574B - 具有一体的密封件的致动器衬套 - Google Patents

具有一体的密封件的致动器衬套 Download PDF

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CN110410574B
CN110410574B CN201910748512.9A CN201910748512A CN110410574B CN 110410574 B CN110410574 B CN 110410574B CN 201910748512 A CN201910748512 A CN 201910748512A CN 110410574 B CN110410574 B CN 110410574B
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T·F·杰克逊
M·J·贝尔
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Fisher Controls International LLC
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72—Sealings
    • F16C33/74—Sealings of sliding-contact bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/32—Details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K41/00—Spindle sealings
    • F16K41/10—Spindle sealings with diaphragm, e.g. shaped as bellows or tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
    • F16J15/32—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
    • F16J15/32—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings
    • F16J15/3204—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings with at least one lip
    • F16J15/3208—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings with at least one lip provided with tension elements, e.g. elastic rings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/56—Other sealings for reciprocating rods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/12—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid
    • F16K31/126—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid the fluid acting on a diaphragm, bellows, or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/12—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid
    • F16K31/126—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid the fluid acting on a diaphragm, bellows, or the like
    • F16K31/1262—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid the fluid acting on a diaphragm, bellows, or the like one side of the diaphragm being spring loaded
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C29/00—Bearings for parts moving only linearly
    • F16C29/08—Arrangements for covering or protecting the ways
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/16—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members
    • F16K1/18—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps
    • F16K1/20—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps with axis of rotation arranged externally of valve member
    • F16K1/2042—Special features or arrangements of the sealing
    • F16K1/2078—Sealing means for the axis of rotation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/32—Details
    • F16K1/48—Attaching valve members to screw-spindles
    • F16K1/482—Attaching valve members to screw-spindles with a collar on the spindle or a groove in the spindle, by which a fixing element is supported, the spindle reaching into the valve member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K5/00—Plug valves; Taps or cocks comprising only cut-off apparatus having at least one of the sealing faces shaped as a more or less complete surface of a solid of revolution, the opening and closing movement being predominantly rotary
    • F16K5/04—Plug valves; Taps or cocks comprising only cut-off apparatus having at least one of the sealing faces shaped as a more or less complete surface of a solid of revolution, the opening and closing movement being predominantly rotary with plugs having cylindrical surfaces; Packings therefor
    • F16K5/0457—Packings
    • F16K5/0485—Spindle sealing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K5/00—Plug valves; Taps or cocks comprising only cut-off apparatus having at least one of the sealing faces shaped as a more or less complete surface of a solid of revolution, the opening and closing movement being predominantly rotary
    • F16K5/06—Plug valves; Taps or cocks comprising only cut-off apparatus having at least one of the sealing faces shaped as a more or less complete surface of a solid of revolution, the opening and closing movement being predominantly rotary with plugs having spherical surfaces; Packings therefor
    • F16K5/0663—Packings
    • F16K5/0694—Spindle sealings

Abstract

本文描述了具有一体的密封件的致动器衬套。示例性的装置包括具有容纳杆的中心孔的衬套和在所述衬套的一端的环形凹槽。所述环形凹槽围绕所述中心孔来限定柔性环以紧靠所述杆形成密封。

Description

具有一体的密封件的致动器衬套
本申请为于2014年6月9日提交的申请号为201410264879.0、名称为“具有一体的密封件的致动器衬套”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明大体上涉及致动器，更具体地，涉及具有一体的密封件的致动器衬套。
背景技术
流体控制阀通常分布在过程控制系统中，用以控制不同流体(例如，液体、气体等)的流速和/或压力。流体控制阀组件典型地包括阀体、阀杆和致动器(例如，气动致动器)，致动器用于移动阀杆以操作流体控制阀。典型地，致动器杆的移动使得阀杆移动，以将阀塞或流动控制部件定位于阀内。在隔膜致动器的情形下，输入压力被施加到致动器的腔室以移动隔膜。可操作地耦接到隔膜的致动器杆随着隔膜并沿着衬套的中心孔移动。当杆在衬套内滑动时，衬套维持致动器杆和腔室之间的密封。
发明内容
一个描述的示例性的装置包括具有用于容纳杆的中心孔的衬套和位于所述衬套的一端的环形凹槽。所述环形凹槽围绕所述中心孔来限定柔性环以紧靠所述杆形成密封。
另一个描述的示例性的装置包括具有用于容纳杆的开口的衬套、固定到所述衬套的一端并围绕所述开口的一体的柔性部件以及围绕所述柔性部件的凹槽。所述凹槽用于接收力以朝着所述杆偏置所述柔性部件。
附图说明
图1示出了已知的隔膜致动器。
图2示出了图1的已知的衬套和致动器轴组件的一部分的放大横截面视图。
图3示出了示例性的衬套的横截面视图。
图4示出了另一示例性的衬套的横截面视图。
具体实施方式
附图并非按照规定比例。相反地，为了说明多个层和区域，层的厚度可以在附图中放大。只要可能，在附图和下面的说明中使用的相同附图标记表示相同或相似的部分。如本发明中所使用的，应声明任何部分(例如，层、薄膜、区域或板)以任何方式布置于(例如，布置于、定位于、设置于或者形成于)另一部分上，意味着所涉及的部分或者与另一部分接触，或者所涉及的部分位于另一部分上，其间布置一个或多个中间部分。应声明任何部分与另一部分接触意味着这两部分之间没有中间层。
许多已知的致动器利用衬套来在致动器内引导杆并利用单独的柔性密封件诸如O形环来提供杆和衬套的内表面之间的密封，杆紧靠衬套滑动。然而，当在相对冷的环境中操作时，O形环收缩并可能具有更少的柔性。因此，在这种冷环境中，O形环变得不能有效地提供密封。另外，在相对高温度的环境中，O形环可能表现永久压缩变形或者可能随着时间发生材料退化。
这里描述的示例性的衬套可用来在隔膜致动器或任何其它具有滑杆或轴的装置中引导杆并紧靠杆密封。更具体地，示例性的衬套取消了对于单独的密封件诸如O形环或其它类似部件的需求，由此充分地改进了紧靠杆的密封，特别是在相对冷或者高温度的环境中操作时。另外，部件数目的减少可以减小设计复杂性和相关的成本。在一些示例中，衬套可以基本上是整体的，并且衬套的一端可具有凹槽或沟槽，其围绕衬套的孔形成一体的柔性环形结构。具体地，凹槽或沟槽可限定衬套的较薄的环形部分，该环形部分可响应于压力(例如，控制致动器或其它装置的流体压力)而弯曲，以使柔性环接合并密封杆，相对于O形环具有减小的摩擦。为了增强由衬套提供的密封，柔性环形结构可以被成形为逐渐变窄，使得柔性环形结构的内表面与杆的外表面形成边缘接触。
在一些示例中，衬套的凹槽可包括弹簧或其它偏置元件，以推动柔性环形结构来接合杆。这种弹簧可附加地使用，或者替换加压流体以在柔性环形结构和杆之间产生足够的密封力。在一些示例中，衬套可另外在衬套的外表面上包括凸起的环形部分，以紧靠衬套被压入其中的孔形成密封。例如，凸起的环形部分可与衬套的本体一体形成，并且尺寸适于提供与衬套被压入其中的孔(例如，致动器轭部的孔)的过盈配合。
在描述上面提到的示例性的衬套之前，下面结合图1和图2提供已知的密封装置的简要描述。转向图1，提供了隔膜致动器100的横截面视图。致动器100包括上壳体102和下壳体104，上壳体102以常规方式通过沿着上壳体102和下壳体104的外边缘间隔的多个紧固件108、110耦接到下壳体104。隔膜112被限制在上壳体102和下壳体104之间并将上壳体102和下壳体104中的空间分成控制压力腔室114和大气压力腔室116。入口117供给加压流体到控制压力腔室114。上隔膜板118和下隔膜板120通过紧固件124将隔膜112耦接到致动器杆122。轭部125通过多个紧固件126、128耦接到下壳体104。弹簧130被限制在下弹簧座132和上弹簧座133之间。致动器杆122通过弹簧调节器134耦接到下弹簧座132，并且如结合图2更详细所述，致动器杆122被密封以防止经由密封组件150从控制压力腔室114的泄漏。
图2是图1的隔膜致动器100的密封组件150的放大横截面视图。如图2中所示，衬套200通过卡环202被保持在轭部125的孔201中。致动器杆122被迫在衬套200的中心孔204中滑动。当致动器杆122沿着中心孔204的轴线移动时，限制在衬套200的各个环形凹口210、212中的润滑的O形环被压缩并紧靠致动器杆122维持密封。另外，衬套200通过压缩限制在衬套200的另一个环形凹口216中的另一个O形环214来密封轭部125。
图3是示例性的衬套300的横截面视图，其取消了使用例如图1和图2中所示的已知的密封组件150中所示的O形环等单独密封件的需求。参见图3，衬套300具有容纳致动器杆122的中心孔302，致动器杆122被迫沿着中心孔302的轴线滑动。衬套300在表面304、306和307处被保持在轭部125中。衬套300的顶表面308由卡环202限制。
衬套300还包括在一端的环形凹槽310，以限定围绕孔302的柔性环312并紧靠致动器杆122形成密封。环形凹槽312可接收偏置元件和/或力，例如加压流体，以朝着致动器杆122偏置柔性环312。该偏置使得在本实施例中与衬套300一体的密封部分313密封接合致动器杆122，并由此基本消除了衬套300和致动器杆122之间的泄漏。柔性环312可具有逐渐变窄部314，如图3中所示，使得柔性环312的密封部分313与致动器杆122形成边缘接触。柔性环312还可包括附加的切口316，以增加柔性环312的柔性。在一些示例中，例如当使用隔膜致动器时，施加到入口117以移动隔膜的输入压力还可用来同时移动柔性环312，以在致动器100的操作中形成(或者帮助形成)致动器杆122和柔性环312的密封部分313之间密封。
衬套300还提供紧靠轭部125的密封。在一个示例中，凸起的环形部分318可被设置来通过过盈配合紧靠轭部125的孔201提供密封。在另一个示例中，环形凹槽310的深度可被增加，以将环形凹槽310布置在凸起的环形部分318附近，从而在环形凹槽310中存在加压流体或者其它偏置元件时提供附加的密封力。衬套300可由许多材料制成，包括但不限于金属、塑料或者任何其它合适的材料。
图4示出了另一个示例性的衬套400的横截面视图。如图4中所示，衬套400具有容纳致动器杆122的中心孔402和围绕中心孔402以限定柔性环406的环形凹槽404。环形凹槽404容纳弹簧408，弹簧408保持在凹口410中。弹簧408的尺寸适于通过充足的力来相对致动器杆122向内推动柔性环406，以在柔性环406和致动器杆122之间形成密封。弹簧408可以是任何适当类型的弹簧，包括但不限于盘簧或者杯型弹簧。可替换地，使用O形环来替换弹簧408。图4的示例描述了用于将O形环限制在外表面414和轭部125之间的外表面414中的外部环形凹口412。然而，可代替使用其它的密封技术，包括结合图3的示例性的衬套300描述的示例性的凸起的环形部分318。
如上所述，弹簧408通过这样的方式由环形凹槽404中的凹口410保持，使得弹簧408展开并因此保持弹簧408受拉。弹簧408中的拉力朝着致动器杆122移动柔性环406，以推动在本实施例中与衬套400一体的密封部分416紧靠致动器杆122，由此当致动器杆122沿着中心孔402移动时，基本消除了衬套400和致动器杆122之间的泄漏。在一个实施例中，柔性环406还可具有逐渐变窄部418，其限定密封部分416与致动器杆122形成边缘接触。在另一个实施例中，柔性环406还可包括切口420，以增加柔性环406的柔性。
尽管这里已经描述了某些示例性的装置，但是本发明的范围并不限于此。相反地，本发明覆盖了在文字上或者在等同原则下落入所附权利要求的范围内的所有方法、装置和制造物品。

Claims (11)

1.一种装置，包括：
衬套，其具有容纳杆的中心孔；
环形凹槽，其位于所述衬套的纵向端部并在所述凹槽的相对侧限定所述衬套的内径向部分和外径向部分，所述内径向部分围绕所述中心孔以限定一体的柔性环，所述衬套的外径向部分限定所述衬套的外直径；
位于所述衬套的表面上的凸起的环形部分，以紧靠轭部的孔形成密封；并且
其中，逐渐变窄部设置在所述内径向部分上，所述逐渐变窄部用于增加所述柔性环的弹性，其中，所述逐渐变窄部接触所述杆以紧靠所述杆形成圆周密封，并且
其中，所述环形凹槽具有接近所述凸起的环形部分的深度，并且，偏置元件容纳在所述环形凹槽中并提供力以朝着所述杆偏置所述柔性环并朝着所述轭部的所述孔偏置所述凸起的环形部分。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述偏置元件为弹簧。
3.根据权利要求2所述的装置，其特征在于，所述环形凹槽包括用于保持所述弹簧的凹口。
4.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述凸起的环形部分与所述衬套一体地形成。
5.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述柔性环包括切口，以增加所述柔性环的柔性。
6.一种装置，包括：
衬套，其包括容纳杆的开口；
一体的柔性部件，其固定到所述衬套的一端并围绕所述开口；
凹槽，其围绕所述柔性部件，所述凹槽在所述凹槽的相对侧限定所述衬套的内径向部分和外径向部分，所述内径向部分限定所述柔性部件和所述柔性部件的内直径，并且所述外径向部分限定所述衬套的外直径；
位于所述衬套的表面上的凸起的环形部分，以紧靠轭部的孔形成密封；以及
所述柔性部件的逐渐变窄部，所述逐渐变窄部设置在所述内径向部分上，其中，所述逐渐变窄部增加所述柔性部件的弹性并接触所述杆以紧靠所述杆形成圆周密封，并且
其中，所述凹槽具有接近所述凸起的环形部分的深度，并且偏置元件容纳在所述凹槽中并提供力以朝着所述杆偏置所述柔性部件并朝着所述轭部的所述孔偏置所述凸起的环形部分。
7.根据权利要求6所述的装置，其特征在于，所述偏置元件为加压流体。
8.根据权利要求6所述的装置，其特征在于，所述偏置元件为弹簧。
9.根据权利要求8所述的装置，其特征在于，所述凹槽包括用于保持所述弹簧的凹口。
10.根据权利要求6所述的装置，其特征在于，所述凸起的环形部分与所述衬套一体地形成。
11.一种装置，包括：
用于引导杆的装置，所述用于引导杆的装置具有用于密封的一体的柔性装置，所述用于密封的一体的柔性装置密封所述杆的表面，设置在所述用于引导杆的装置的纵向端部上的环形凹槽，所述环形凹槽限定所述用于引导杆的装置的内径向部分和外径向部分，所述内径向部分限定所述一体的柔性装置，所述外径向部分限定所述用于引导杆的装置的外表面；
位于所述用于引导杆的装置的表面上的凸起的环形部分，以紧靠轭部的孔形成密封；以及
所述一体的柔性装置的逐渐变窄部，所述逐渐变窄部设置在所述内径向部分上，所述逐渐变窄部用于增加所述一体的柔性装置的弹性，其中，所述逐渐变窄部接触所述杆以紧靠所述杆形成圆周密封，并且
其中，所述环形凹槽具有接近所述凸起的环形部分的深度，并且偏置元件容纳在所述凹槽中并提供力以朝着所述杆偏置所述一体的柔性装置并朝着所述轭部的所述孔偏置所述凸起的环形部分。
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