CN110403060A - 一种无抗生素生长猪发酵饲料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种无抗生素生长猪发酵饲料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110403060A CN110403060A CN201910203470.0A CN201910203470A CN110403060A CN 110403060 A CN110403060 A CN 110403060A CN 201910203470 A CN201910203470 A CN 201910203470A CN 110403060 A CN110403060 A CN 110403060A
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种无抗生素生长猪发酵饲料及其制备方法，具体由以下重量份数的组分构成：玉米450‑600份、发酵原料100‑300份、豆粕100‑200份、麦麸20‑50、膨化大豆20‑40份、豆油10‑20份、磷酸氢钙2‑10份、石粉5‑15份、赖氨酸5‑20份、蛋氨酸1‑10份、苏氨酸1‑10份、葡萄糖氧化酶1‑3份、植酸酶0.2‑1份、植物提取物0.2‑0.6份，微生态制剂0.2‑0.7份及复合预混料5‑10份。本发明中的无抗生素生长猪发酵饲料能提高猪只的免疫力，避免了耐药性和药物残留的问题，同时也维持了猪只肠道菌群健康，提高了生长期猪群饲料消化吸收能力和生产性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及猪饲料领域，具体地说是一种用于30-70kg生长猪饲用的无抗生素发酵饲料及其制备方法。
背景技术
自上世纪50年代以来，低剂量的抗生素饲料添加剂已被广泛用于实际生产之中，以提高动物的生长性能和饲料利用率，还能起到一定预防疾病的作用，所以不可否认的是抗生素作为饲料添加剂的使用给养殖业带来了巨大的经济价值，但是随之而来的也是一系列对抗生素添加饲料中产生众多负面问题的报道。
尽管抗生素在预防动物疾病和提高生产效益方面有着巨大的作用，但是长期添加抗生素会引发抗生素耐药性。在畜牧业中，沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌等过去并不严重或较少发生的细菌性疾病现在发生几率更高，研究表明近几年来养殖业中各种细菌的抗药性都有加强，细菌对抗生素的敏感性越来越低，这些问题都预示着一旦爆发细菌性疾病，防控和治疗就会变得越来越难，造成的经济损失会越来越大。
中国是世界上最大的猪肉消费国，约占世界猪肉总消费量的50%，所以肉制品安全现在已经是每个人都关心的问题。抗生素经动物体吸收后，可分布于全身，尤其是肝脏、肾脏、脾脏等组织器官中，同时也可通过泌乳和产蛋过程残留在乳、蛋制品中。肉制品中抗生素的残留虽然目前还没有明确的研究表明会对人体造成不利的影响，但仍然是人类健康的一大威胁。
自1986年瑞典全面禁止畜牧饲料中使用抗生素之后，已经有更多的国家陆续禁止抗生素作为饲料添加剂来使用，至2006年欧盟已禁止最后几种抗生素添加剂的使用，所以饲料端实现无抗养殖已经是势在必行。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种不添加抗生素的生长猪配合饲料，通过添加一些发酵原料和多种益生肽制剂及酶制剂来实现较好的应用效果，实现在无抗的基础上有着更好的生产效益。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种生长猪的无抗配合饲料及其制备方法，由以下重量份数的原料配制而成：玉米450-600份，发酵原料100-300份，豆粕100-200份，麦麸20-50份，膨化大豆20-40份，豆油10-20份，磷酸氢钙2-10份，石粉5-15份，赖氨酸5-20份，蛋氨酸1-10份，苏氨酸1-10份，复合预混料5-10份，酶制剂1-4份，植物提取物0.2-0.6份，微生态制剂0.2-0.7份。
其中发酵原料由以下重量份的组分组成，发酵豆粕50-100份，发酵麸皮100-200份。
其中发酵麸皮制作方法如下：
1）配制活化培养基
活化培养基质量为发酵原料总质量的10-15%，加入2-3%葡萄糖，加入0.1-0.2%食盐，混合至充分溶解，
2）活化菌液并接种
向活化培养基加入发酵原料总质量的0.04-0.08%的植物乳杆菌，0.1-0.2%芽孢杆菌和0.2-0.4%米曲霉，混匀后培养2-4小时，每隔半小时搅动一次，即得发酵菌液。再向活化后的发酵菌液加入水，使总水分含量达到发酵总体系总质量的38-43%，再将其加入麸皮中，搅拌混匀，
3）装袋发酵
将上述发酵体系装入厌氧袋中，静置发酵3天，环境温度控制在23-26摄氏度，袋中饲料PH降至4.2时即可使用。
其中酶制剂由以下重量份的组分组成，葡萄糖氧化酶1-3份，植酸酶0.2-1份。
其中复合预混料由以下组分构成，每kg复合预混料中含维生素A 3250000IU，维生素D3 1000000IU，维生素E 15500IU，维生素K3 3000mg，维生素B1 1000mg，维生素B22500mg，维生素B6 1500mg，维生素B12 13.5mg，D-生物素 50。0mg，D-泛酸 8000mg，叶酸800.0mg，烟酸10000mg，铁60000mg，锰25000mg，锌60000mg，碘600.0mg，硒220.0mg。
其中植物提取物由以下重量份的组分构成，香芹酚0.1-0.5份，百里香酚0.1-0.4份。香芹酚和百里香酚都有很强的抗菌活性，具有非常强的表面活性和脂溶性。能迅速穿透病原微生物细胞膜，首先破坏病原微生物细胞膜的内外物质交换平衡导致病原微生物细胞膜通透性发生变化，细胞内容物流失；然后进入病原微生物细胞改变细胞内细胞器的模性结构，因此使一些重要细胞器的生理功能丧失，造成病原微生物组分失衡而死亡，从而达到抑菌、抗菌、杀菌的作用。
其中微生态制剂由以下重量份的组分构成，植物乳杆菌0.1-0.3份，丁酸梭菌0.1-0.3份。植物乳杆菌起到免疫调节作用，能增强机体的免疫力，提高抗病力，除此之外还还能通过与病原菌对限制性营养素的竞争作用，来抑制病原菌的生长，从而起到对致病菌的抑制作用。丁酸梭菌能促进有益菌生长并抑制有害菌的生长，提高机体的非特异性免疫功能和抗氧化功能。
制备方法如下：（1）将复合预混料、酶制剂、植物提取物、微生态制剂、蛋氨酸、赖氨酸、苏氨酸、磷酸氢钙、石粉和豆油充分混合均匀。（2）将其余原料粉碎过40目筛之后再与其它原料混合均匀。（3）将混合均匀后的原料在70-80℃制粒。
具体实施方式：
下面结合实际对本发明做进一步详细描述。
实例1
一种用于30-70kg生长猪饲用的无抗生素发酵饲料，其原料重量份数组成如下：玉米402.5份，发酵原料300份，豆粕200份，麦麸30份，膨化大豆20份，豆油15份，磷酸氢钙3份，石粉6份，赖氨酸7份，蛋氨酸1份，苏氨酸2份，复合预混料10份，酶制剂3.5份，植物提取物0.5份、微生态制剂0.5份。
其中发酵原料由以下重量份的组分组成，发酵豆粕100份，发酵麸皮200份。
其中酶制剂由以下重量份的组分组成，葡萄糖氧化酶3份，植酸酶0.5份。
其中复合预混料由以下组分构成，米糠粕5份，维生素A 3250000IU，维生素D31000000IU，维生素E 15500IU，维生素K3 3000mg，维生素B1 1000mg，维生素B2 2500mg，维生素B6 1500mg，维生素B12 13.5mg，D-生物素 50.0mg，D-泛酸 8000mg，叶酸800.0mg，烟酸10000mg，铁60000mg，锰25000mg，锌60000mg，碘600.0mg，硒220.0mg。
其中植物提取物由以下重量份的组分构成，香芹酚0.2份，百里香酚0.3份。
其中微生态制剂由以下重量份的组分构成，植物乳杆菌0.3份，丁酸梭菌0.2份。
实例2
一种用于30-70kg生长猪饲用的无抗生素发酵饲料，其原料重量份数组成如下：玉米518.9份，发酵原料200份，豆粕150份，麦麸40份，膨化大豆30份，豆油17份，磷酸氢钙5份，石粉8份，赖氨酸15份，蛋氨酸3份，苏氨酸3份，复合预混料6份，酶制剂3份，植物提取物0.8份、微生态制剂0.3份。
其中发酵原料由以下重量份的组分组成，发酵豆粕50份，发酵麸皮150份。
其中酶制剂由以下重量份的组分组成，葡萄糖氧化酶2份，植酸酶1份。
其中复合预混料由以下组分构成，每kg复合预混料中含维生素A 3250000IU，维生素D3 1000000IU，维生素E 15500IU，维生素K3 3000mg，维生素B1 1000mg，维生素B22500mg，维生素B6 1500mg，维生素B12 13.5mg，D-生物素 50.0mg，D-泛酸 8000mg，叶酸800.0mg，烟酸10000mg，铁60000mg，锰25000mg，锌60000mg，碘600.0mg，硒220.0mg。
其中植物提取物由以下重量份的组分构成，香芹酚0.4份，百里香酚0.4份。
其中微生态制剂由以下重量份的组分构成，植物乳杆菌0.2份，丁酸梭菌0.1份。
实例3
为验证本发明实际应用效果，在某猪场进行对比试验。将常规饲养12周的生长期猪60只，分成2组，分别为对照组和试验组，每组3个重复，每个重复10头猪。对照组饲喂某饲料厂含抗生素配合饲料，试验组采用上述实例1，于实验前和试验后分别称重，统计试验期间采食量，计算增重、采食量和料肉比。试验结果见下表
不同饲料对30-70kg生长猪生产性能的影响
| 对照组 | 试验组 | |
| 初始均重（kg） | 34.93±0.25 | 34.67±0.4 |
| 终末均重（kg） | 51.97±0.5 | 54.23±0.55 |
| 试验周期（d） | 30 | 30 |
| 平均日增重（kg/d） | 0.57±0.02 | 0.65±0.03 |
| 平均日采食量（kg/d） | 1.56±0.05 | 1.66±0.09 |
| 料肉比 | 2.74±0.07 | 2.54±0.03 |
从试验结果可知，采用本发明中生长猪饲无抗生素发酵饲料对比添加抗生素的传统性饲料日增重显著性提高，采食量稍有增加，料肉比显著降低。
Claims (8)
1.一种无抗生素生长猪发酵饲料，适用于30-70kg生长猪，其特征在于，由以下重量份的组分组成：玉米450-600份，发酵原料100-300份，豆粕100-200份，麦麸20-50份，膨化大豆20-40份，豆油10-20份，磷酸氢钙2-10份，石粉5-15份，赖氨酸5-20份，蛋氨酸1-10份，苏氨酸1-10份，复合预混料5-10份，酶制剂1-4份，植物提取物0.2-0.6份，微生态制剂0.2-0.7份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种无抗生素生长猪发酵饲料，其特征在于，所述发酵原料由以下重量份的组分组成，发酵豆粕50-100份，发酵麸皮100-200份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种无抗哺乳母猪发酵饲料，其特征在于，所述发酵麸皮制作方法如下：
1）配制活化培养基
活化培养基质量为发酵原料总质量的10-15%，加入2-3%葡萄糖，加入0.1-0.2%食盐，混合至充分溶解，
2）活化菌液并接种
向活化培养基加入发酵原料总质量的0.04-0.08%的植物乳杆菌，0.1-0.2%芽孢杆菌和0.2-0.4%米曲霉，混匀后培养2-4小时，每隔半小时搅动一次，即得发酵菌液，
再向活化后的发酵菌液加入水，使总水分含量达到发酵总体系总质量的38-43%，再将其加入麸皮中，搅拌混匀，
3）装袋发酵
将上述发酵体系装入厌氧袋中，静置发酵3天，环境温度控制在23-26摄氏度，袋中饲料PH降至4.2时即可使用。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种无抗生素生长猪发酵饲料，其特征在于，所述酶制剂由以下重量份的组分组成，葡萄糖氧化酶1-3份，植酸酶0.2-1份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种无抗生素生长猪发酵饲料，其特征在于，所述复合预混料由以下组分构成，每kg复合预混料中含维生素A 3250000IU，维生素D3 1000000IU，维生素E15500IU，维生素K3 3000mg，维生素B1 1000mg，维生素B2 2500mg，维生素B6 1500mg，维生素B12 13.5mg，D-生物素 50.0mg，D-泛酸 8000mg，叶酸800.0mg，烟酸10000mg，铁60000mg，锰25000mg，锌60000mg，碘600.0mg，硒220.0mg。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种无抗生素生长猪发酵饲料，其特征在于，所述植物提取物由以下重量份的组分构成，香芹酚0.1-0.5份，百里香酚0.1-0.4份。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种无抗生素生长猪发酵饲料，其特征在于，所述微生态制剂由以下重量份的组分构成，植物乳杆菌0.1-0.3份，丁酸梭菌0.1-0.3份。
8.根据权利要求1无抗生素生长猪发酵饲料的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤如下：（1）将复合预混料、酶制剂、植物提取物、微生态制剂、蛋氨酸、赖氨酸、苏氨酸、磷酸氢钙、石粉和豆油充分混合均匀；（2）将其余原料粉碎过40目筛之后再与其它原料混合均匀；（3）将混合均匀后的原料在70-80℃制粒。
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