CN110402728A - 一种减药增效的小麦吸浆虫成虫防控方法 - Google Patents

一种减药增效的小麦吸浆虫成虫防控方法 Download PDF

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CN110402728A
CN110402728A CN201910776483.7A CN201910776483A CN110402728A CN 110402728 A CN110402728 A CN 110402728A CN 201910776483 A CN201910776483 A CN 201910776483A CN 110402728 A CN110402728 A CN 110402728A
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wheat
adult
medicine
control method
wheat midge
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王永芳
马继芳
张立娇
徐靖
李智慧
张志英
王勤英
江彦军
勾建军
董志平
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Grain Research Institute of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00Protecting plants
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    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N53/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing cyclopropane carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
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    • A01N57/10Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-oxygen bonds or phosphorus-to-sulfur bonds
    • A01N57/12Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-oxygen bonds or phosphorus-to-sulfur bonds containing acyclic or cycloaliphatic radicals
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N57/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
    • A01N57/10Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-oxygen bonds or phosphorus-to-sulfur bonds
    • A01N57/14Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-oxygen bonds or phosphorus-to-sulfur bonds containing aromatic radicals
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N57/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
    • A01N57/10Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-oxygen bonds or phosphorus-to-sulfur bonds
    • A01N57/16Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-oxygen bonds or phosphorus-to-sulfur bonds containing heterocyclic radicals
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N57/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
    • A01N57/26Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-nitrogen bonds
    • A01N57/30Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-nitrogen bonds containing aromatic radicals

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种减药增效的小麦吸浆虫成虫防控方法,其涉及小麦吸浆虫的防治技术领域。本发明采用在小麦露脸抽穗15‑50%时对其进行一次喷洒灭虫药,即可使得小麦吸浆虫成虫灭虫率高达90%以上,大大降低了小麦吸浆虫的防控成本,同时降低了灭虫药物的用量。

Description

一种减药增效的小麦吸浆虫成虫防控方法
技术领域
本发明涉及小麦吸浆虫防治技术领域,特别是涉及一种减药增效的小麦吸浆虫成虫防控方法。
背景技术
小麦吸浆虫属双翅目瘿蚊科。为世界性害虫,广泛分布于亚洲、欧洲和美洲主要小麦栽培国家。国内的小麦吸浆虫亦广泛分布于全国主要产麦区。以幼虫潜伏在颖壳内吸食正在灌浆的麦粒汁液,造成秕粒、空壳或霉烂而减产,具有很大危害性。一般减产10%-20%,重者减产30%-50%,严重的乃至颗粒无收,是一种毁灭性害虫。
全国小麦吸浆虫常年发生面积大约3000万亩。据河北省农业农村厅植保植检总站监测,2019年河北省小麦吸浆虫发生面积710万亩。以往各地主要采用“蛹期撒毒土防治”为主(10%毒死蜱颗粒剂0.6-0.9公斤或2.5%甲基异柳磷1-1.5公斤拌湿润细土20-25公斤,顺麦陇撒施地表,然后浇水),特别是高密度地块,辅以在小麦抽穗70%(含露脸)时进行穗期成虫扫残喷药(5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油30-40ml/亩)的防控策略。蛹期撒毒土防治人工成本高,劳动强度大,防治效果受浇水影响较大,不适合大面积统防统治,而且存在农药使用量大、毒性大等缺点,与农药减量增效和绿色防控技术相悖。另外,个别地区蛹期防治用药已经禁止或者限制使用,这对蛹期防治用药带来更大的困难。穗期喷药更加方便,但是,因为成虫发生时间短,且不整齐,特别是针对虫量大的地块,穗期防治是否有效?究竟什么时间用药更加高效?是当今的技术难点。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供了一种减药增效的小麦吸浆虫成虫防控方法。本发明的小麦吸浆虫成虫防治技术可以结合小麦后期统防统治用药同时进行,不增加额外的用工成本、减药至少50%以上。
为了解决上述问题,本发明的一种减药增效的小麦吸浆虫成虫防控方法,是在小麦吸浆虫达到防治指标的地块上,当小麦露脸抽穗达15%-50%进行一次喷洒灭虫药。
优选的,所述小麦吸浆虫达到防治指标的地块为扫网10复网成虫达10头以上,或用手轻轻将小麦植株拨向两侧分开有2-3头成虫飞舞。
优选的,所述灭虫药为触杀类杀虫剂,包括2.5%氯氟氰菊酯水乳剂、48%毒死蜱乳油、40%氧化乐果乳油、40%甲基异柳磷乳油或50%辛硫磷乳油中的至少一种。
优选的,所述灭虫药的使用方式为人工喷雾或无人机飞防。
优选的,本发明是在小麦生长的中后期,结合病虫害统防统治喷药进行吸浆虫成虫防控,通过一次用药可有效防治吸浆虫危害,防效达90%以上,有明显节本、减药、增效的作用。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:本发明是在小麦生长过程中,当小麦露脸抽穗达15%-50%进行喷洒灭虫药,结合病虫害统防统治喷药进行吸浆虫成虫防控,有效灭虫高达90%以上,且用药量减少50%以上,同时降低了人工成本。
具体实施方式
本发明对试验区域内小麦吸浆虫数量的检测方法如下:
在每个处理区进行5点取样,每点取样10株,逐穗逐粒调查统计吸浆虫数量,最后按每个样点为1个重复进行数据统计。计算虫粒率及虫粒防效和平均每粒虫量及虫量防效。
虫粒率(%)=虫粒数/总粒数×100
每粒虫量(头)=总虫数/总粒数
防治效果(%)=(对照区平均每粒虫量-处理区平均每粒虫量)/对照区平均每粒虫量×100。
下面利用本发明对石家庄市鹿泉区上黄壁村小麦种植试验地和石家庄市正定县北孙村小麦种植示范地进行试验。
实施例1
1、石家庄市鹿泉区上黄壁村小麦种植试验地
该试验地所种植的小麦品种为良星99,该地块淘土每样方虫量为57头,最高虫量达到162头。对该试验地进行灭吸浆虫试验,在该试验地进行四组处理,具体施药方式如表1.
表1具体施药方式
针对防控后的上述4组试验田的吸浆虫成虫防治调查数据如表2所示。
表2吸浆虫成虫防治调查数据
结合表1和表2可以看出,鹿泉试验区不喷药对照平均虫粒率为22.322%,平均每粒虫量为0.3260头。实施例1是在2019年4月30日(即小麦抽穗约17%)用药的平均虫粒率为1.570%,平均每粒虫量为0.0268头,较对照的虫粒防效和虫量防效分别为92.97%和91.78%。对比例2是在2019年4月30日和2019年5月3日(即小麦抽穗约70%)两次喷药的平均虫粒率为0.630%,平均每粒虫量为0.0069头,较对照的虫粒防效和虫量防效分别为97.18%和97.88%。对比例1是在2019年5月3日(即小麦抽穗约70%)用药的平均虫粒率为10.158%,平均每粒虫量为0.1380头,较对照的虫粒防效和虫量防效分别为54.49%和57.67%。从表1和表2中可以看出,两次用药防效最好,而实施例1中一次用药的防效也达到了90%以上,说明把握好用药时机,吸浆虫成虫期防控效果显著,比蛹期撒毒土防治减药且节省人工成本效果显著。
实施例2
2、石家庄市正定县北孙村小麦种植示范地
该试验地所种植的小麦品种为衡4399,该地块淘土平均每样方虫量为60头。对该试验地进行灭吸浆虫试验,在该试验地进行两组处理,具体施药方式如表3。同时统计示范技术和常规生产技术以及空白对照组的小麦吸浆虫发生情况,如表4所示。
表3具体施药方式
表4小麦吸浆虫防治调查及防效
空白对照区平均虫粒率为21.418%,成虫防治示范区平均虫粒率1.074%,防效达94.99%,常规生产田平均虫穗率3.556%,防效83.40%,不及小麦抽穗47%时的成虫防治,本田块撒施毒土后采用的微喷灌,水量小,可能影响毒土防治效果。综合小麦全程病虫害防治,以小麦吸浆虫成虫防治为主的示范技术比常规生产技术节药57.99%。小麦吸浆虫成虫期一次防控技术示范效果显著,可以代替蛹期毒土防治方法,节省人工成本效果显著。
基于实施例1和实施例2可以看出,本发明采用在小麦抽穗15-50%时吸浆虫成虫进行一次喷施灭虫药,大大降低了成本,且效果较高,而在现有技术中是在蛹期毒土和穗期保护进行两次喷施灭虫药,用药剂量远远大于本发明,且防治成本也明显提高,其吸浆虫的防治效果也不及本发明。
本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述,以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想;同时,对于本领域的一般技术人员,依据本发明的思想,在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处。综上所述,本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。

Claims (5)

1.一种减药增效的小麦吸浆虫成虫防控方法,其特征在于,在小麦吸浆虫达到防治指标的地块上,当小麦露脸抽穗达15%-50%进行一次喷洒灭虫药。
2.根据权利要求1所述的减药增效的小麦吸浆虫成虫防控方法,其特征在于,所述小麦吸浆虫达到防治指标的地块为扫网10复网成虫达10头以上,或用手轻轻将小麦植株拨向两侧分开有2-3头成虫飞舞。
3.根据权利要求1所述的减药增效的小麦吸浆虫成虫防控方法,其特征在于,所述灭虫药为触杀类杀虫剂,包括2.5%氯氟氰菊酯水乳剂、48%毒死蜱乳油、40%氧化乐果乳油、40%甲基异柳磷乳油或50%辛硫磷乳油中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的减药增效的小麦吸浆虫成虫防控方法,其特征在于,所述灭虫药的喷施方式为人工喷雾或无人机飞防。
5.根据权利要求1所述的减药增效的小麦吸浆虫成虫防控方法,其特征在于,在小麦生长的中后期,结合病虫害统防统治喷药进行吸浆虫成虫防控。
CN201910776483.7A 2019-08-22 2019-08-22 一种减药增效的小麦吸浆虫成虫防控方法 Pending CN110402728A (zh)

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