CN110401519B - Pilot frequency distribution method and device - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
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- H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
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- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
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- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
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- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
- H04B7/0621—Feedback content
- H04B7/0626—Channel coefficients, e.g. channel state information [CSI]
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a pilot frequency allocation method and a pilot frequency allocation device, relates to the technical field of communication, and can solve the problem that a pilot frequency allocation strategy cannot be updated in time in the prior art. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring the current initial pilot frequency distribution state of a target cell; interchanging the pilot frequencies of the user equipment in the initial pilot frequency distribution state according to a preset mode to generate a target pilot frequency distribution state; a target pilot frequency distribution state, which is used for distributing the pilot frequency in the target cell according to the pilot frequency distribution mode corresponding to the target pilot frequency distribution state; the preset mode specifically comprises the following steps: if the pilot frequency utility functions of the first pilot frequency and the second pilot frequency and the user effect functions of the first user equipment and the second user equipment after interchange are not increased, one of the pilot frequency utility functions is reduced; the pilots of the first user equipment and the second user equipment are interchanged. The embodiment of the invention is applied to a network system.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to a pilot frequency distribution method and a pilot frequency distribution device.
Background
With the popularization of intelligent terminal devices, people have an increasing demand for wireless mobile communication services. Future wireless mobile communications face serious challenges, such as: how to improve spectral efficiency, how to improve system capacity, etc. In the traditional Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technology, the number of antennas at the receiving end and the transmitting end of the system is increased, so that the spatial multiplexing characteristic and the spatial diversity gain of the system are effectively improved, and the data transmission rate, the anti-interference capability of the system and other performances in the communication process of the system are improved to a certain extent. However, the number of base station antennas in the conventional MIMO system is limited, and the system performance that can be improved still cannot meet the requirement of high data rate of future mobile communication services. In 2010, Thomas l. marzetta proposes a large-scale MIMO technology, and in a large-scale MIMO system, a base station end may be deployed with hundreds of antennas to improve the performance of the system. Studies have shown that massive MIMO can achieve all the advantages of conventional MIMO systems, and can extend the advantages of conventional MIMO systems several times or even tens of times. The massive MIMO technology can significantly improve the performance of the communication system, and thus becomes one of the research hotspots in the modern communication field and also one of the key technologies in the future 5G wireless communication system.
A precondition for obtaining system performance gain in a large-scale MIMO system is to acquire accurate Channel State Information (CSI) for uplink data transmission and downlink data precoding processes. The problem of pilot pollution seriously affects channel estimation of the system, so that accurate CSI cannot be estimated, and the data transmission process of the system is affected. Because blind channel estimation has high complexity, the current massive MIMO system mainly performs channel estimation by transmitting known orthogonal pilot sequences. In practical systems, due to the limited coherence time of the channel, the orthogonal pilot sequences used for channel estimation are not sufficient for the users that the system needs to serve. Users in the system need to multiplex orthogonal pilot sequences or non-orthogonal pilot sequences, and users using the same orthogonal pilot sequences or non-orthogonal pilot sequences can generate interference on channels between target users and target base stations, thereby causing the problem of pilot pollution. Therefore, the pilot pollution seriously affects the channel estimation process of the system, so that the system cannot acquire accurate CSI, and the accurate CSI cannot be utilized for data transmission. It has been found that the performance of massive MIMO systems cannot be increased with an infinite number of antennas due to the problem of pilot pollution. The problem of pilot pollution is one of the bottlenecks in the performance advantages of the massive MIMO system, and therefore, the research for suppressing the problem of pilot pollution is very important. Through reasonable pilot frequency distribution, the interference on a target user caused by the users using the same pilot frequency can be reduced under the condition of limited pilot frequency, so that the influence of the pilot frequency pollution problem on a large-scale MIMO system is effectively inhibited.
In the prior art, a static pilot frequency allocation method is adopted, and the problem of pilot frequency pollution among pilot frequencies cannot be well solved because the cross-correlation characteristic among the pilot frequencies is not constant and the static pilot frequency allocation method cannot update the pilot frequency allocation strategy in time.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a pilot frequency allocation method and a pilot frequency allocation device, which can solve the problem that a pilot frequency allocation strategy cannot be updated in time in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, a method for pilot allocation is provided, the method including: acquiring the current initial pilot frequency distribution state of a target cell; interchanging the pilot frequencies of the user equipment in the initial pilot frequency distribution state according to a preset mode to generate a target pilot frequency distribution state; a target pilot frequency distribution state, which is used for distributing the pilot frequency in the target cell according to the pilot frequency distribution mode corresponding to the target pilot frequency distribution state; wherein, the preset mode specifically includes: if the pilot frequency utility functions of the first pilot frequency and the second pilot frequency and the user effect functions of the first user equipment and the second user equipment after interchange are not increased, one of the pilot frequency utility functions is reduced; interchanging the pilot frequencies of the first user equipment and the second user equipment; the first user equipment and the second user equipment are user equipment in a target cell; the first pilot frequency is used by the first user equipment after the pilot frequency exchange is carried out between the first user equipment and the second user equipment; the second pilot frequency is used by the second user equipment after the pilot frequency exchange is carried out between the first user equipment and the second user equipment; a user effect function, which is used for expressing the appropriateness of the user equipment and the used pilot frequency under the current used pilot frequency distribution mode; the more suitable the user equipment and the pilot frequency used by the user equipment, the smaller the user effect function value is; pilot frequency utility function, which is used to express the appropriateness of pilot frequency distribution under the current used pilot frequency distribution mode; the more appropriate the pilot allocation, the smaller the pilot utility function value.
In the method, the pilot frequencies of the user equipment in the initial pilot frequency distribution state are interchanged according to a preset mode; therefore, the problem that the pilot frequency allocation strategy cannot be updated in time in the prior art is solved by utilizing a dynamic allocation mode. In addition, according to the method, if the pilot frequency utility functions of the first pilot frequency and the second pilot frequency and the user effect functions of the first user equipment and the second user equipment after interchange are not increased, one of the pilot frequency utility functions is decreased; the preset mode of interchanging the pilot frequencies of the first user equipment and the second user equipment realizes the matched pair stability, and avoids the pollution to the pilot frequencies of other user equipment in the pilot frequency exchanging process.
In a second aspect, a pilot allocation apparatus is provided, which includes: an obtaining unit, configured to obtain a current initial pilot allocation state of a target cell; the processing unit is used for interchanging the pilot frequency of the user equipment in the initial pilot frequency distribution state acquired by the acquisition unit according to a preset mode to generate a target pilot frequency distribution state; a target pilot frequency distribution state, which is used for distributing the pilot frequency in the target cell according to the pilot frequency distribution mode corresponding to the target pilot frequency distribution state; wherein, the preset mode specifically includes: if the pilot frequency utility functions of the first pilot frequency and the second pilot frequency and the user effect functions of the first user equipment and the second user equipment after interchange are not increased, one of the pilot frequency utility functions is reduced; interchanging the pilot frequencies of the first user equipment and the second user equipment; the first user equipment and the second user equipment are user equipment in a target cell; the first pilot frequency is used by the first user equipment after the pilot frequency exchange is carried out between the first user equipment and the second user equipment; the second pilot frequency is used by the second user equipment after the pilot frequency exchange is carried out between the first user equipment and the second user equipment; a user effect function, which is used for expressing the appropriateness of the user equipment and the used pilot frequency under the current used pilot frequency distribution mode; the more suitable the user equipment and the pilot frequency used by the user equipment, the smaller the user effect function value is; pilot frequency utility function, which is used to express the appropriateness of pilot frequency distribution under the current used pilot frequency distribution mode; the more appropriate the pilot allocation, the smaller the pilot utility function value.
It can be understood that, the above-provided pilot allocation apparatus is configured to execute the method corresponding to the first aspect provided above, and therefore, the beneficial effects that can be achieved by the pilot allocation apparatus refer to the beneficial effects of the method corresponding to the first aspect above and the corresponding scheme in the following detailed description, which are not described herein again.
In a third aspect, a pilot allocation apparatus is provided, which comprises a processor and a memory, the memory is coupled to the processor and stores necessary program instructions and data of the pilot allocation apparatus, and the processor is configured to execute the program instructions stored in the memory, so that the pilot allocation apparatus executes the method of the first aspect.
In a fourth aspect, there is provided a computer storage medium having computer program code stored therein, which when run on a pilot allocation apparatus, causes the pilot allocation apparatus to perform the method of the first aspect described above.
In a fifth aspect, there is provided a computer program product having stored thereon the above computer software instructions, which, when run on a pilot allocation apparatus, cause the pilot allocation apparatus to execute a program as in the above first aspect.
Drawings
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-cell massive MIMO system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a pilot allocation method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a binary network according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an MME according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another MME according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of another MME according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that, in the embodiments of the present invention, words such as "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations or explanations. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" or "e.g.," an embodiment of the present invention is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or designs. Rather, use of the word "exemplary" or "such as" is intended to present concepts related in a concrete fashion.
It should be noted that, in the embodiments of the present invention, "of", "corresponding" and "corresponding" may be sometimes used in combination, and it should be noted that, when the difference is not emphasized, the intended meaning is consistent.
For the convenience of clearly describing the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, in the embodiments of the present invention, the words "first", "second", and the like are used for distinguishing the same items or similar items with basically the same functions and actions, and those skilled in the art can understand that the words "first", "second", and the like are not limited in number or execution order.
The premise of obtaining system performance gain of a large-scale MIMO system is to obtain accurate Channel State Information (CSI) for uplink data transmission and downlink data precoding processes. The problem of pilot pollution seriously affects channel estimation of the system, so that accurate CSI cannot be estimated, and the data transmission process of the system is affected. Because blind channel estimation has high complexity, the current massive MIMO system mainly performs channel estimation by transmitting known orthogonal pilot sequences. In practical systems, due to the limited coherence time of the channel, the orthogonal pilot sequences used for channel estimation are not sufficient for the users that the system needs to serve. Users in the system need to multiplex orthogonal pilot sequences or non-orthogonal pilot sequences, and users using the same orthogonal pilot sequences or non-orthogonal pilot sequences can generate interference on channels between target users and target base stations, thereby causing the problem of pilot pollution. Therefore, the pilot pollution seriously affects the channel estimation process of the system, so that the system cannot acquire accurate CSI, and the accurate CSI cannot be utilized for data transmission. It has been found that the performance of massive MIMO systems cannot be increased with an infinite number of antennas due to the problem of pilot pollution. The problem of pilot pollution is one of the bottlenecks in the performance advantages of the massive MIMO system, and therefore, the research for suppressing the problem of pilot pollution is very important. Through reasonable pilot frequency distribution, the interference on a target user caused by the users using the same pilot frequency can be reduced under the condition of limited pilot frequency, so that the influence of the pilot frequency pollution problem on a large-scale MIMO system is effectively inhibited.
In the prior art, a static pilot frequency allocation method is adopted, and the problem of pilot frequency pollution among pilot frequencies cannot be well solved because the cross-correlation characteristic among the pilot frequencies is not constant and the static pilot frequency allocation method cannot update the pilot frequency allocation strategy in time.
Based on the above technical background and the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a pilot allocation method, which is applied to a multi-cell large-scale MIMO system. Referring to fig. 1, the multi-cell massive MIMO system includes a plurality of macro cells, each macro cell having 1 macro base station MBS, a plurality of uniformly distributed single-antenna macro user equipments MUE, and a plurality of micro cells, each micro cell having 1 micro base station SBS and 1 micro user equipment SUE equipped with a single antenna. The micro base station is provided with only one antenna, and the macro base station is provided with a plurality of antennas. For any user equipment in any cell, wherein the user equipment in the same macro cell accesses to the corresponding base station in the macro cell, the base station in the macro cell gains the channel information acquired by the user equipment in the macro cell; if the ue of another macro cell does not access the base station of the macro cell, the ue of the other macro cell and the base station of the macro cell may generate interference.
Referring to fig. 2, a pilot allocation method provided in the embodiment of the present invention specifically includes the following contents:
201. and acquiring the current initial pilot frequency distribution state of the target cell.
In one implementation manner, after obtaining the current initial pilot allocation state of the target cell, the method further includes the following steps:
s11, acquiring the number of base stations, the number of user equipment, the weight of the base stations and the user equipment, the degree of the base stations and the degree of the user equipment in a preset area; the weight of the base station and the user equipment is used for representing the geometric distance between the base station and the user equipment, and the degree of the base station is used for representing the number of the user equipment connected with the base station; the degree of the user equipment is used for representing the number of base stations connected with the user equipment; the preset area comprises a target cell;
s12, calculating the bipartite network mapping of the user according to the number of the base stations, the number of the user equipment and the distance between the base stations and the user equipment according to the following formula:
wherein M is 1,2, and M represents the number of user equipment; n1, 2.. N, N representing the number of base stations; x represents a user equipment; y represents a base station; k (Y)n) Degree of nth base station; k (X)m) Degree of mth user equipment; xmOriginal pilot frequency representing the flow of the mth user equipment to the base station Y; a ism,nIndicating the distance from the mth user equipment to the nth base station; x'mA reallocated pilot representing the base station flow to the mth user equipment.
Exemplarily, referring to fig. 3, an exemplary diagram of a binary network is provided in the embodiment of the present invention, and an implementation manner of the binary network mapping is explained in a galaxy manner. In a MIMO system, a base station may receive data signals transmitted by multiple user devices. Therefore, the MIMO system can be constructed into a bipartite network consisting of two groups of nodes, wherein one group consists of all user equipment in the MIMO system and is represented by X; and the other group is composed of all base stations in the MIMO system and is represented by Y. A bipartite network is a special type of network that consists of two types of nodes and edges between the nodes, and no edges are allowed between the nodes of the same type. In a binary network scenario formed by pilot allocation of a heterogeneous cellular network, the weight value of an edge represents the relationship between user equipment and a base station, and the weight value of the edge takes the geometric distance between the user equipment and the base station.
Assuming that the number of user equipment in an MIMO system (a preset area) is M and the number of base stations in the MIMO system is N, wherein an X node is set as an upper node of a bipartite network; and setting the Y node as a lower node of the bipartite network. The process of constructing the bipartite network G ═ V, E, D is as follows:
and after the construction of the binary network is completed, mapping the binary network. The mapping process takes the weight of the edge as a resource to be distributed, and comprises two processes. The first process is as follows: resources flow from X to Y. Definition of XmResource representing mth X node, define K (X)m) Is XmThe degree of the node. All XmThe resources of a node flow in an even manner to the Y node to which it is connected.
After the mapping has completed the first process, the nth Y node YnThe resources of (a) may be represented as:
wherein, am,nRepresents XmAnd YnThe weight of the edge between, and has am,n＝dm,n m＝1,2...,M n＝1,2...N。
The mapping then proceeds to a second process, with all resources re-flowing to node X in the same manner. Thus XmThe resources on a node may be represented as:
order to
Then X'mCan be expressed as:
two procedures reallocate resources in the MIMO system, and the procedure of allocation may use P ═ Pmi}M×MAnd (4) showing. The process can be simplified to X' ═ PX, where (X)1,X2,...,XM) The initial resource allocation for the system.
By the above reasoning, the mapping matrixes of two nodes can be combined into one matrix, and the original resource usage (X) in the mapping matrix1,X2,...,XM) And (4) showing. Thus, an X-based bipartite network can be represented as:
therefore, the relationship between the user equipments in the MIMO system can be represented using a mapping matrix P of size M × M.
And S13, calculating a user utility function by mapping the binary network and the pilot frequency of the user equipment.
Specifically, step S13 includes: calculating the utility function of the user according to the bipartite network mapping and the pilot frequency of the user equipment according to the following formula:
wherein, mu2(u) represents a user using the same pilot as user u; w (u, e) represents a user relationship matrix of u and e, and w (u, e) is generated by a bipartite network mapping.
Specifically, the relationship between the user devices in the matching model is described as a weighted graph G ═ (V, E, w), where V ═ U. The relationship between user u and user e is represented by the weight of the edge between two nodes in the weighted graph, i.e., w (u, e) ∈ R+U {0 }. The weighted graph has no directivity, so the user relationship matrix is symmetric, i.e., w (u, e) ═ w (e, u). And w (u, e) in the relational network, wherein the algorithm is obtained by mapping the dichotomy network explained in the flow two, and each item in the P is subjected to reciprocal operation. The inverse of the matrix P is because the algorithm matches the exchange to the minimum when the exchange considers the effect function.
In one implementation manner, after obtaining the current initial pilot allocation state of the target cell, the method further includes the following steps:
s21, acquiring a large-scale fading factor between the user equipment and the base station in a preset area and the distance between the base station and the user equipment; wherein, the base station at least comprises any one of the following items: a macro base station and a micro base station.
S22, calculating the pilot frequency utility function according to the large-scale fading factor and the distance between the base station and the user equipment according to the following formula:
wherein, mu represents the matching relation between the user equipment and the pilot frequency, phi represents the pilot frequency used by the user equipment; etaφ(mu) denotes the pilot utility function of phi in mu,
is the sum of utility values among all user equipments allocated to phi, the utility value among the user equipments is represented as follows:
wherein e and u represent user equipment using a pilot frequency of phi;
representing the utility value between e and u; e and u belong to the user equipment of the preset area; MUE represents macro user equipment; SUE represents a micro user equipment; beta represents a large-scale fading factor of the user equipment and the base station; beta is a<l,u>,eRepresenting the large scale fading factor of the e-connected macro base station to the l-th macro cell; beta is a<l,e>,uRepresenting the large scale fading factor of the macro base station of u to e connection of the l macro cell; beta is a<l,u>,uRepresenting the large-scale fading factors of the macro base stations from u to the l macro cell; beta is a<l,e>,eRepresenting the large-scale fading factors of the macro base stations from e to the l macro cell; d<p,e>,uRepresents the distance of u to the e-connected micro base station of the p-th micro cell; d<p,u>,eMeans e distance to the u-connected micro base station of the p-th macro cell; γ represents a path loss index.
202. Interchanging the pilot frequencies of the user equipment in the initial pilot frequency distribution state according to a preset mode to generate a target pilot frequency distribution state; and the target pilot frequency distribution state is used for distributing the pilot frequency in the target cell according to the pilot frequency distribution mode corresponding to the target pilot frequency distribution state.
Wherein, the preset mode specifically includes: if the pilot frequency utility functions of the first pilot frequency and the second pilot frequency and the user effect functions of the first user equipment and the second user equipment after interchange are not increased, one of the pilot frequency utility functions is reduced; interchanging the pilot frequencies of the first user equipment and the second user equipment; the first user equipment and the second user equipment are user equipment in a target cell; the first pilot frequency is used by the first user equipment after the pilot frequency exchange is carried out between the first user equipment and the second user equipment; the second pilot is a pilot used by the second user equipment after the pilot exchange between the first user equipment and the second user equipment.
A user effect function, which is used for expressing the appropriateness of the user equipment and the used pilot frequency under the current used pilot frequency distribution mode; the more suitable the user equipment and the pilot frequency used by the user equipment, the smaller the user effect function value is; pilot frequency utility function, which is used to express the appropriateness of pilot frequency distribution under the current used pilot frequency distribution mode; the more appropriate the pilot allocation, the smaller the pilot utility function value.
In addition, for a better understanding of the above method, the embodiments of the present invention introduce a concept of pair-wise stabilization, which is specifically as follows:
the concept of matching stabilization, which is expressed as pair stabilization, can be understood as a concept that is slightly weaker than the conventional matching stabilization. Before pair-wise stabilization is defined, matching exchanges are defined
The concept of (1) is specifically: user equipment u and user equipment e exchange each other's pilots and the pilots allocated by the other user equipment remain unchanged. It should be noted that the letters u and e do not have a fixed meaning in the present invention, for example, u and e represent user equipments using the same pilot when calculating the user utility function or the pilot utility function, and represent user equipments performing pilot exchange in the introduced concept of pairwise stability.
Definition 1: a match exchange
It should be noted that the matching exchange process only involves exchanging the allocated pilots between two ues, and the rest of the matching is unchanged. Unlike traditional match stabilization, the pairwise stable match defined by the algorithm certainly exists.
Definition 2: a pair-stable (PS) match is said to be a pair-stable (PS) match if and only if no pair of users (u, e) under one match μ satisfies the following two conditions.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
representing a utility function of the user equipment after pilot exchange of the first user equipment and the second user equipment is assumed; etai(mu) represents a utility function of the user equipment before pilot exchange between the first user equipment and the second user equipment; the user equipment comprises first user equipment and second user equipment; the types of utility functions comprise user utility functions and pilot frequency utility functions; i represents the type of utility function in the match.
The meaning of pairwise stable is that it indicates that a match that does not reach pairwise stable status is the one for which there is a match swap. Through the definition of the pair-wise stable matching and matching exchange, it can be found that if two ues want to exchange pilots allocated to each other, permission of the pilots allocated to each other must be obtained, or if two pilots want to exchange ues belonging to each other, permission of the ues must be obtained. The utility value of at least one of the parties (two users and two pilots) that a match wants to exchange is reduced and the utility value of the other candidates is at least not increased.
In the method, the pilot frequencies of the user equipment in the initial pilot frequency distribution state are interchanged according to a preset mode; therefore, the problem that the pilot frequency allocation strategy cannot be updated in time in the prior art is solved by utilizing a dynamic allocation mode. In addition, according to the method, if the pilot frequency utility functions of the first pilot frequency and the second pilot frequency and the user effect functions of the first user equipment and the second user equipment after interchange are not increased, one of the pilot frequency utility functions is decreased; the preset mode of interchanging the pilot frequencies of the first user equipment and the second user equipment realizes the matched pair stability, and avoids the pollution to the pilot frequencies of other user equipment in the pilot frequency exchanging process. In addition, the embodiment of the invention can also obtain the relationship between the user equipment by using a bipartite network mapping method, and solve the problems that the user relationship is complex and difficult to determine in the existing heterogeneous cellular network.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the pilot allocation apparatus may be divided into functional modules according to the method embodiment, for example, each functional module may be divided corresponding to each function, or two or more functions may be integrated into one processing module. The integrated module can be realized in a hardware mode, and can also be realized in a software functional module mode. It should be noted that, the division of the modules in the embodiment of the present invention is schematic, and is only a logic function division, and there may be another division manner in actual implementation.
In the case of dividing each functional module by corresponding functions, fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a possible structure of the pilot allocation apparatus 40 in the above embodiment, where the pilot allocation apparatus 40 includes:
an obtaining unit 401 is configured to obtain a current initial pilot allocation state of a target cell.
A processing unit 402, configured to interchange pilots of the user equipment in the initial pilot allocation state acquired by the acquiring unit 401 according to a preset manner, and generate a target pilot allocation state; and the target pilot frequency distribution state is used for distributing the pilot frequency in the target cell according to the pilot frequency distribution mode corresponding to the target pilot frequency distribution state.
Wherein, the preset mode specifically includes: if the pilot frequency utility functions of the first pilot frequency and the second pilot frequency and the user effect functions of the first user equipment and the second user equipment after interchange are not increased, one of the pilot frequency utility functions is reduced; interchanging the pilot frequencies of the first user equipment and the second user equipment; the first user equipment and the second user equipment are user equipment in a target cell; the first pilot frequency is used by the first user equipment after the pilot frequency exchange is carried out between the first user equipment and the second user equipment; the second pilot is a pilot used by the second user equipment after the pilot exchange between the first user equipment and the second user equipment.
A user effect function, which is used for expressing the appropriateness of the user equipment and the used pilot frequency under the current used pilot frequency distribution mode; the more suitable the user equipment and the pilot frequency used by the user equipment, the smaller the user effect function value is; pilot frequency utility function, which is used to express the appropriateness of pilot frequency distribution under the current used pilot frequency distribution mode; the more appropriate the pilot allocation, the smaller the pilot utility function value.
In an exemplary scheme, the obtaining unit 401 is further configured to obtain the number of base stations, the number of user equipment, weights of the base stations and the user equipment, a degree of the base stations, and a degree of the user equipment of a target cell in a preset area; the weight of the base station and the user equipment is used for representing the geometric distance between the base station and the user equipment, and the degree of the base station is used for representing the number of the user equipment connected with the base station; the degree of the user equipment is used for representing the number of base stations connected with the user equipment; the preset area comprises a target cell;
a processing unit 402, configured to calculate the number of base stations, the number of user equipment, and the distance between the base station and the user equipment, which are acquired by the acquiring unit 401, according to the following formula:
wherein M is 1,2, and M represents the number of user equipment; n1, 2.. N, N representing the number of base stations; x represents a user equipment; y represents a base station; k (Y)n) Degree of nth base station; k (X)m) Degree of mth user equipment; xmOriginal pilot frequency representing the flow of the mth user equipment to the base station Y; a ism,nIndicating the distance from the mth user equipment to the nth base station; x'mA reallocated pilot representing the base station flow to the mth user equipment.
The processing unit 402 is further configured to calculate a user utility function from the bipartite network map and the pilot of the user equipment.
In an exemplary scenario, the processing unit 402 is specifically configured to calculate a utility function of a user according to the following formula from a binary network map and a pilot of a user equipment:
wherein, mu2(u) represents a user using the same pilot as user u; w (u, e) represents a user relationship matrix of u and e, and w (u, e) is generated by a bipartite network mapping.
In an exemplary scheme, the obtaining unit 401 is further configured to obtain a large-scale fading factor between a user equipment and a base station in a preset area and a distance between the base station and the user equipment; wherein, the base station at least comprises any one of the following items: a macro base station and a micro base station.
The processing unit 402 is further configured to calculate a pilot utility function according to the large-scale fading factor acquired by the acquiring unit 401 and the distance between the base station and the user equipment, according to the following formula:
wherein, mu represents the matching relation between the user equipment and the pilot frequency, phi represents the pilot frequency used by the user equipment; etaφ(mu) denotes the pilot utility function of phi in mu,
is the sum of utility values among all user equipments allocated to phi, the utility value among the user equipments is represented as follows:
wherein e and u represent user equipment using a pilot frequency of phi;
representing the utility value between e and u; e and u belong to the user equipment of the preset area; MUE represents macro user equipment; SUE represents a micro user equipment; beta represents a large-scale fading factor of the user equipment and the base station; beta is a<l,u>,eLarge scale fading factor for macro base station representing e-to-l macro cell u-connection；β<l,e>,uRepresenting the large scale fading factor of the macro base station of u to e connection of the l macro cell; beta is a<l,u>,uRepresenting the large-scale fading factors of the macro base stations from u to the l macro cell; beta is a<l,e>,eRepresenting the large-scale fading factors of the macro base stations from e to the l macro cell; d<p,e>,uRepresents the distance of u to the e-connected micro base station of the p-th micro cell; d<p,u>,eMeans e distance to the u-connected micro base station of the p-th macro cell; γ represents a path loss index.
Since the pilot allocation apparatus in the embodiment of the present invention may be applied to implement the method embodiment, reference may also be made to the method embodiment for obtaining technical effects, and details of the embodiment of the present invention are not repeated herein.
In the case of an integrated unit, fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a possible structure of the pilot allocation device 40 involved in the above embodiment. The pilot allocation device 40 includes: a processing module 501, a communication module 502 and a storage module 503. Processing module 501 is used to control and manage the actions of pilot allocation apparatus 40, for example, processing module 501 is used to support pilot allocation apparatus 40 to execute process 202 in fig. 2. Communication module 502 is used to support communication of pilot allocation apparatus 40 with other entities. Memory module 503 is used to store program codes and data for pilot allocation apparatus 40.
The processing module 501 may be a processor or a controller, and may be, for example, a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a general-purpose processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a transistor logic device, a hardware component, or any combination thereof. Which may implement or perform the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with the disclosure. A processor may also be a combination of computing functions, e.g., comprising one or more microprocessors, a DSP and a microprocessor, or the like. The communication module 502 may be a transceiver, a transceiving circuit or a communication interface, etc. The storage module 503 may be a memory.
When the processing module 501 is a processor as shown in fig. 6, the communication module 502 is a transceiver of fig. 6, and the storage module 503 is a memory of fig. 6, the pilot allocation apparatus 40 according to the embodiment of the present application may be the following pilot allocation apparatus 40.
Referring to fig. 6, the pilot allocation apparatus 40 includes: a processor 601, a transceiver 602, a memory 603, and a bus 604.
The processor 601, the transceiver 602, and the memory 603 are connected to each other through a bus 604; the bus 604 may be a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, or the like. The bus may be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For ease of illustration, only one thick line is shown, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.
The processor 601 may be a general processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more ics for controlling the execution of programs in accordance with the present invention.
The memory 603 may be, but is not limited to, a read-only memory (ROM) or other type of static storage device that can store static information and instructions, a Random Access Memory (RAM) or other type of dynamic storage device that can store information and instructions, an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) or other optical disk storage, optical disk storage (including compact disc, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc, blu-ray disc, etc.), magnetic disk storage media or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer. The memory may be self-contained and coupled to the processor via a bus. The memory may also be integral to the processor.
The memory 603 is used for storing application program codes for executing the scheme of the application, and the processor 601 controls the execution. The transceiver 602 is configured to receive content input from an external device, and the processor 601 is configured to execute application program codes stored in the memory 603, so as to implement the pilot allocation method in the embodiment of the present application.
It should be understood that, in the various embodiments of the present application, the sequence numbers of the above-mentioned processes do not mean the execution sequence, and the execution sequence of each process should be determined by its function and inherent logic, and should not constitute any limitation to the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative elements and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware or combinations of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the implementation. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present application.
It is clear to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the above-described apparatuses, devices and units may refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and are not described herein again.
In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed system, apparatus, and method may be implemented in other ways. For example, the above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and for example, a division of a unit is merely a logical division, and an actual implementation may have another division, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
Units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one unit.
In the above embodiments, the implementation may be wholly or partially realized by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using a software program, may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. The procedures or functions according to the embodiments of the present application are all or partially generated when the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer. The computer may be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a network of computers, or other programmable device. The computer instructions may be stored on a computer readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer readable storage medium to another computer readable storage medium, for example, the computer instructions may be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wire (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.). Computer-readable storage media can be any available media that can be accessed by a computer or can comprise one or more data storage devices, such as servers, data centers, and the like, that can be integrated with the media. The usable medium may be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., Solid State Disk (SSD)), among others.
The embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer program product, which can be directly loaded into the memory and contains software codes, and the computer program product can be loaded and executed by a computer to implement the above-mentioned pilot allocation method.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present application, and shall be covered by the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for pilot allocation, comprising:
acquiring the current initial pilot frequency distribution state of a target cell;
interchanging the pilot frequencies of the user equipment in the initial pilot frequency distribution state according to a preset mode to generate a target pilot frequency distribution state; the target pilot frequency distribution state is used for distributing the pilot frequency in the target cell according to the pilot frequency distribution mode corresponding to the target pilot frequency distribution state;
wherein, the preset mode specifically includes: if the pilot frequency utility functions of the first pilot frequency and the second pilot frequency and the user effect functions of the first user equipment and the second user equipment after interchange are not increased, one of the pilot frequency utility functions is reduced; interchanging the pilot frequencies of the first user equipment and the second user equipment; the first user equipment and the second user equipment are user equipment in the target cell; the first pilot frequency is used by the first user equipment after pilot frequency exchange is carried out between the first user equipment and the second user equipment; the second pilot frequency is used by the second user equipment after the first user equipment and the second user equipment perform pilot frequency exchange;
the user effect function is used for expressing the appropriateness of the user equipment and the used pilot frequency under the current used pilot frequency distribution mode; the more suitable the user equipment and the pilot frequency used by the user equipment, the smaller the user effect function value is; the pilot frequency utility function is used for expressing the appropriateness of pilot frequency distribution in the currently used pilot frequency distribution mode; the more suitable the pilot frequency distribution is, the smaller the pilot frequency utility function value is;
calculating the utility function of the user according to the bipartite network mapping and the pilot frequency of the user equipment according to the following formula:
wherein, the mu2(u) represents a user using the same pilot as user u; the w (u, e) represents a user relationship matrix of the u and the e, the w (u, e) is generated by the bipartite network mapping;
acquiring a large-scale fading factor of the user equipment and a base station in a preset area and a distance between the base station and the user equipment;
calculating the pilot frequency utility function according to the large-scale fading factor and the distance between the base station and the user equipment according to the following formula:
wherein μ represents a matching relationship between the user equipment and the pilot, and Φ represents a pilot used by the user equipment; etaφ(μ) represents the pilot utility function of said phi in said μ,
is the sum of the utility values among all the user equipments allocated to phi.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein after obtaining the current initial pilot allocation status of the target cell, the method further comprises:
acquiring the number of base stations in a preset area, the number of user equipment, the weight of the base stations and the user equipment, the degree of the base stations and the degree of the user equipment; wherein, the weight of the base station and the user equipment is used for representing the geometric distance between the base station and the user equipment, and the degree of the base station is used for representing the number of the user equipment connected with the base station; the degree of the user equipment is used for representing the number of the base stations connected with the user equipment; the preset area comprises the target cell;
calculating the number of the base stations, the number of the user equipment and the distance between the base stations and the user equipment according to the following formula:
wherein M is 1,2, M, which represents the number of the user equipments; n-1, 2.. N, said N representing the number of said base stations; the X represents the user equipment; the Y represents the base station; the K (Y)n) Degree for the nth base station; k (X)i) Degree of the ith user equipment; said XiOriginal pilot frequency which represents the flow of the ith user equipment to the base station Y; a is am,nRepresenting the distance from the mth user equipment to the nth base station; x'mA reallocated pilot representing flow of said base station to an mth said user equipment;
and calculating the user utility function by the bipartite network mapping and the pilot frequency of the user equipment.
3. The pilot allocation method of claim 2,
the w (u, e) is generated by the bipartite network map, further comprising: the relationship between user u and user e is represented by the weight of the edge between two nodes in the weighted graph, i.e., w (u, e) ∈ R+U {0 }; the weighted graph has no directivity, so the user relationship matrix is symmetric, i.e., w (u, e) ═ w (e, u); relationship networkAnd w (u, e) in the network, the algorithm is obtained by using the bipartite network mapping explained in the flow two, and each item in the P is subjected to reciprocal.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein after obtaining the current initial pilot allocation status of the target cell, the method further comprises: calculating utility values among user equipment;
the utility value between the user equipments is represented as follows:
wherein e and u represent user equipment using a pilot frequency of phi;
representing a utility value between said e and said u; the e and the u belong to user equipment in a preset area; the MUE represents a macro user equipment; the SUE represents a micro user device; the beta represents a large-scale fading factor of the user equipment and the base station; beta is the same as<l,u>,eRepresenting the large-scale fading factor of the u-connected macro base station of the e-to-l macro cell; beta is a<l,e>,uRepresenting the large-scale fading factor of the e-connected macro base station of the u to l macro cell; beta is the same as<l,u>,uRepresenting the large-scale fading factors of macro base stations of the u to l macro cells; beta is the same as<l,e>,eRepresenting the large-scale fading factor of the macro base station of the e-th macro cell; d is<p,e>,uRepresents the distance of the u to the e-connected micro base station of the p-th micro cell; d is<p,u＞,eMeans for determining a distance of the e to the u-connected micro base station of the p-th macro cell; γ represents a path loss index.
5. A pilot allocation apparatus, comprising:
an obtaining unit, configured to obtain a current initial pilot allocation state of a target cell;
the processing unit is used for interchanging the pilot frequency of the user equipment in the initial pilot frequency distribution state acquired by the acquisition unit according to a preset mode to generate a target pilot frequency distribution state; the target pilot frequency distribution state is used for distributing the pilot frequency in the target cell according to the pilot frequency distribution mode corresponding to the target pilot frequency distribution state;
wherein, the preset mode specifically includes: if the pilot frequency utility functions of the first pilot frequency and the second pilot frequency and the user effect functions of the first user equipment and the second user equipment after interchange are not increased, one of the pilot frequency utility functions is reduced; interchanging the pilot frequencies of the first user equipment and the second user equipment; the first user equipment and the second user equipment are user equipment in the target cell; the first pilot frequency is used by the first user equipment after pilot frequency exchange is carried out between the first user equipment and the second user equipment; the second pilot frequency is used by the second user equipment after the first user equipment and the second user equipment perform pilot frequency exchange;
the user effect function is used for expressing the appropriateness of the user equipment and the used pilot frequency under the current used pilot frequency distribution mode; the more suitable the user equipment and the pilot frequency used by the user equipment, the smaller the user effect function value is; the pilot frequency utility function is used for expressing the appropriateness of pilot frequency distribution in the currently used pilot frequency distribution mode; the more suitable the pilot frequency distribution is, the smaller the pilot frequency utility function value is;
calculating the utility function of the user according to the bipartite network mapping and the pilot frequency of the user equipment according to the following formula:
wherein, the mu2(u) represents a user using the same pilot as user u; the w (u, e) represents a user relationship matrix of the u and the e, the w (u, e) is mapped by the bipartite networkGenerating;
acquiring a large-scale fading factor of the user equipment and a base station in a preset area and a distance between the base station and the user equipment;
calculating the pilot frequency utility function according to the large-scale fading factor and the distance between the base station and the user equipment according to the following formula:
wherein μ represents a matching relationship between the user equipment and the pilot, and Φ represents a pilot used by the user equipment; etaφ(μ) represents the pilot utility function of said phi in said μ,
is the sum of the utility values among all the user equipments allocated to phi.
6. The pilot allocation apparatus as claimed in claim 5, comprising:
the obtaining unit is further configured to obtain the number of base stations of the target cell in a preset area, the number of the user equipment, weights of the base stations and the user equipment, degrees of the base stations, and degrees of the user equipment; wherein, the weight of the base station and the user equipment is used for representing the geometric distance between the base station and the user equipment, and the degree of the base station is used for representing the number of the user equipment connected with the base station; the degree of the user equipment is used for representing the number of the base stations connected with the user equipment; the preset area comprises the target cell;
the processing unit is configured to calculate, according to the following formula, the number of the base stations, the number of the user equipment, and the distance between the base station and the user equipment, which are acquired by the acquiring unit, a binary network mapping of the user:
wherein M is 1,2, M, which represents the number of the user equipments; n-1, 2.. N, said N representing the number of said base stations; the X represents the user equipment; the Y represents the base station; the K (Y)n) Degree for the nth base station; k (X)i) Degree of the ith user equipment; said XiOriginal pilot frequency which represents the flow of the ith user equipment to the base station Y; a is am,nRepresenting the distance from the mth user equipment to the nth base station; x'mA reallocated pilot representing flow of said base station to an mth said user equipment;
the processing unit is further configured to calculate the user utility function from the bipartite network map and the pilot of the user equipment.
7. The pilot allocation apparatus as claimed in claim 6, comprising:
the w (u, e) is generated by the bipartite network map, further comprising: the relationship between user u and user e is represented by the weight of the edge between two nodes in the weighted graph, i.e., w (u, e) ∈ R+U {0 }; the weighted graph has no directivity, so the user relationship matrix is symmetric, i.e., w (u, e) ═ w (e, u); and w (u, e) in the relational network, wherein the algorithm is obtained by mapping the dichotomy network explained in the flow two, and each item in the P is subjected to reciprocal operation.
8. The pilot allocation apparatus of claim 5, further comprising:
the processing unit is further used for calculating utility values among the user devices;
the utility value between the user equipments is represented as follows:
wherein e and u represent user equipment using a pilot frequency of phi;
representing a utility value between said e and said u; the e and the u belong to user equipment in a preset area; the MUE represents a macro user equipment; the SUE represents a micro user device; the beta represents a large-scale fading factor of the user equipment and the base station; beta is the same as<l,u>,eRepresenting the large-scale fading factor of the u-connected macro base station of the e-to-l macro cell; beta is a<l,e>,uRepresenting the large-scale fading factor of the e-connected macro base station of the u to l macro cell; beta is the same as<l,u>,uRepresenting the large-scale fading factors of macro base stations of the u to l macro cells; beta is the same as<l,e＞,eRepresenting the large-scale fading factor of the macro base station of the e-th macro cell; d is<p,e>,uRepresents the distance of the u to the e-connected micro base station of the p-th micro cell; d is<p,u>,eMeans for determining a distance of the e to the u-connected micro base station of the p-th macro cell; γ represents a path loss index.
9. A pilot allocation apparatus, characterized in that the structure of the pilot allocation apparatus comprises a processor and a memory, the memory is coupled to the processor and stores necessary program instructions and data of the pilot allocation apparatus, the processor is configured to execute the program instructions stored in the memory, so that the pilot allocation apparatus executes the pilot allocation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
10. A computer storage medium, characterized in that the computer storage medium has stored therein computer program code which, when run on a pilot allocation arrangement, causes the pilot allocation arrangement to perform the pilot allocation method according to any one of claims 1-4.
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