CN110400247A - Half blind watermark method of anti-printing, printing and shooting based on color image - Google Patents
Half blind watermark method of anti-printing, printing and shooting based on color image Download PDFInfo
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- CN110400247A CN110400247A CN201910640603.0A CN201910640603A CN110400247A CN 110400247 A CN110400247 A CN 110400247A CN 201910640603 A CN201910640603 A CN 201910640603A CN 110400247 A CN110400247 A CN 110400247A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T1/00—General purpose image data processing
- G06T1/0021—Image watermarking
- G06T1/005—Robust watermarking, e.g. average attack or collusion attack resistant
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T1/00—General purpose image data processing
- G06T1/0021—Image watermarking
- G06T1/005—Robust watermarking, e.g. average attack or collusion attack resistant
- G06T1/0071—Robust watermarking, e.g. average attack or collusion attack resistant using multiple or alternating watermarks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2201/00—General purpose image data processing
- G06T2201/005—Image watermarking
- G06T2201/0051—Embedding of the watermark in the spatial domain
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2201/00—General purpose image data processing
- G06T2201/005—Image watermarking
- G06T2201/0052—Embedding of the watermark in the frequency domain
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
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Abstract
U component is carried out piecemeal firstly, being transformed into YUV color space to color host image by half blind watermark method of the present invention relates to a kind of anti-printing, printing and shooting based on color image；Then, it chooses the low sub-block of energy and carries out DWT transformation and SVD decomposition；Finally, using the stability characteristic (quality) of sub-block unitary matrice coefficient differentials, the U component of the mass-tone channel normalization insertion color host image of colored QR code obtains final containing watermarking images.The method of the present invention to resist printing, printing and shooting have very strong robustness, and through overcompression, filtering, rotate and cut after print, print and shoot again, still can extract colored QR code and correctly identify copyright information；With good invisibility and embedded quantity；The cell phone apparatus of use fast facilitates, and technology has good practical application value at the anti-fake aspect of commodity packaging.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of image anti-counterfeiting technology, in particular to a kind of anti-printing, printing and bat based on color image
Half blind watermark method taken the photograph.
Background technique
In commodity society, product packaging plays an important role, but fake and inferior commodities problem is also increasingly severe.
So most important for image false-proof.With internet plus technology development, utilize mobile terminal and apply universal QR
Code, realizes that intelligentized authentication anti-counterfeiting is new research direction.
Currently, being directed to the image anti-counterfeiting technology that printing, printing and mobile phone are shot, there is also many drawbacks, such as product packaging mark
Know image when being shot with mobile phone since environmental light brightness transformation causes the image obtained to be difficult to extract secret information, if can not and
When obtain all original watermark informations, it will lead to not complete extraction and go out watermark etc., these problems are all by the power to the owner
Benefit damages.
Summary of the invention
The present invention be directed to image zooming-out information in image false-proof there are the problem of, propose a kind of based on color image
It is anti-printing, printing and shooting half blind watermark method, product packaging mark on add anti-counterfeiting information colour QR code, make its not by
The influence of environmental light brightness, and realize half Blind extracting, version can also be identified with extracting after conveniently image shot by cell phone
Information is weighed, has the characteristics that good concealment, strong robustness, achievees the purpose that authentication anti-counterfeiting.
The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a kind of half blind watermark method of anti-printing, printing and the shooting based on color image,
Including watermark information insertion and watermark information extracting method,
Specific step is as follows for watermark insertion:
1) color host image is transformed into YUV color space, takes U component map as watermark insertion figure, carrier image is big
Small is N × N；
2) characteristic for considering wavelet transformation, choosing minimum piecemeal size is 8 × 8, and U component map is divided intoIt is a non-
It is overlapped sub-block；
3) energy for calculating each sub-block, choosing the low sub-block of 20%-25% energy before all sub-blocks, to carry out watermark embedding
Enter, every piece of sub-block energy balane formula are as follows:
Wherein, I (a, b) is the pixel value of sub-image, and a, b are sub-image spatial domain coordinate；
4) after the low sub-block of selected energy being carried out DWT transformation, then SVD decomposition is carried out to the low frequency sub-band of each sub-block
Obtain corresponding U matrix, the low sub-block decomposition formula of selected m block energy are as follows:
UmSmVm T=LLm (2)
Wherein Um、VmFor tenth of the twelve Earthly Branches square matrix；SmFor diagonal matrix；LLmFor the low frequency sub-band of the low sub-block of m block energy；
5) watermark information being embedded in will be needed to normalize respectively by R, G, B triple channel, normalizes formula are as follows:
Wherein k indicates R, G, B difference component；WkFor the watermark information of insertion, Wk *For the watermark information after normalization；
6) the random matrix Q that value range is 0-1 is generatedk, further according to R, G and B component information W of normalization watermarkk *It adjusts
Save random matrix QkSo that it is met formula (4), constitutes 3 mapping matrix Qk, the threshold value of mapping matrix is q=0.5；
Row and column locating for wherein i, j representing matrix element；
7) the mass-tone channel components for choosing watermark carry out watermark insertion in conjunction with mapping matrix, save the another two time of watermark
The mapping matrix of chrominance channel component is as code key；
8) it is embedded in the mass-tone channel components information of watermark: according to formula (5) and formula (6), in conjunction with the mapping in watermark mass-tone channel
Watermark information is embedded into the m block sub-block U of selection by matrixmMethod in matrix is as follows:
Wherein Um(2,1) and UmIt (3,1) is respectively m-th of sub-block UmThe element of second row first row and in (i, j) matrix
The element of three row first rows, sign (Um(3,1)) U is indicatedmThe symbol of (3,1), Uavg=(| Um(2,1)|+|Um(3,1) |)/2, |
Um(2,1) | indicate UmThe absolute value of (2,1), t indicate watermark embedment strength；Other sub-blocks are embedded in the mass-tone channel components letter of watermark
Breath method is identical；
9) to modified m block sub-block U*mMatrix carries out SVD inverse transformation, reconstructs the low frequency sub-band LL of sub-block* m, formula
Are as follows:
LL* m=U* mSmVm T(7)
Other sub-blocks are equally handled；
10) DWT inverse transformation is carried out to the low frequency sub-band of all insertion sub-images and reconstructs sub-image；
11) all sub-images are synthesized, reconstructs the U component containing watermarking images；
12) merge the U component of Y, V component and reconstruct containing watermarking images of color host image, and be transformed into RGB color sky
Between, obtain final color host image containing watermark；
Specific step is as follows for watermark extracting:
A, YUV color space is transformed into color host image containing watermark, and is divided into 8 × 8 non-overlap to U component
Block；
B, the low sub-block of 20%-25% energy carries out DWT transformation before choosing by embedded mode, and to the low of each sub-block
Frequency subband LL'mSVD is carried out to decompose to obtain corresponding U'mMatrix；
C, according to every piece of U'mSecond row first row coefficient U' of matrixm(2,1) and the third line first row coefficient U'm(3,1)
Extract watermark mass-tone channel information, formula are as follows:
Wherein, W'k(i, j) is the watermark main channel component information extracted；
D, the code key reconstruct another two time chrominance channel component watermark information of preservation is utilized；E, by R, G of extraction, B component water
Print W'kRenormalization, formula are carried out respectively are as follows:
Wk w=W'k×255 (9)
F, triple channel merging is carried out to rear R, G of renormalization, B component watermark information, obtains finally extracting watermarking images.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention is based on half blind watermatkings of anti-printing, printing and the shooting of color image
Method, ensure that containing watermarking images after printing, printing and shooting, and attack printing, printing and shooting it is extractable go out
Watermark information, and can correctly identify；Have the characteristics that embedding information amount is big, invisibility is good；Technology is convenient using cell phone apparatus
Fast, there is good application value in terms of the intelligent development of product packaging authentication anti-counterfeiting.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the present invention is based on half blind watermark methods of anti-printing, printing and the shooting of color image to be embedded in flow chart；
Fig. 2 is that the present invention is based on half blind watermark methods of anti-printing, printing and the shooting of color image to extract flow chart.
Specific embodiment
Half blind watermark method of anti-printing, printing and shooting of the invention based on color image is embedded in water mark method: firstly,
Color host image is transformed into YUV color space, takes U component to carry out piecemeal, obtains several non-overlap sub-blocks；Then, in son
The low sub-block of energy is chosen in block and carries out DWT transformation and SVD decomposition, obtains corresponding sub-block unitary matrice；Finally, utilizing the sub-block tenth of the twelve Earthly Branches
The stability characteristic (quality) of matrix coefficient difference is obtained in the U component of the R channel normalization insertion color host image of colored QR code
Final contains watermarking images.Extracting water mark method is the inverse operation for being embedded in watermark.Resisting based on color image beats as shown in Figure 1
Half blind watermark method of print, printing and shooting is embedded in flow chart, and the specific implementation steps are as follows:
1, color host image is transformed into YUV color space, is based on U component mean value and side under varying environment brightness
The converted quantity of difference is smaller, and stability is good, takes U component map as watermark insertion figure, and carrier image size is N × N；
2, consider the characteristic of wavelet transformation, choosing minimum piecemeal size is 8 × 8, and U component map is divided intoIt is a non-
It is overlapped sub-block；
3, the energy of each sub-block is calculated, to meet invisibility and robustness requirement, chooses 20%- before all sub-blocks
The low sub-block of 25% energy carries out watermark insertion, every piece of sub-block energy balane formula are as follows:
Wherein, I (a, b) is the pixel value of sub-image, and a, b are sub-image spatial domain coordinate.
4, after the low sub-block of selected energy being carried out DWT transformation, then SVD decomposition is carried out to the low frequency sub-band of each sub-block
Obtain corresponding U matrix, the low sub-block decomposition formula of selected m block energy are as follows:
UmSmVm T=LLm (2)
Wherein Um、VmFor tenth of the twelve Earthly Branches square matrix；SmFor diagonal matrix；LLmFor the low frequency sub-band of the low sub-block of m block energy；
5, the watermark information (colored QR code) being embedded in will be needed to normalize respectively by R, G, B triple channel, normalizes formula are as follows:
Wherein, k indicates R, G, B difference component；WkFor the watermark information of insertion, Wk *For the watermark information after normalization.
6, the random matrix Q that value range is 0-1 is generatedk, further according to R, G and B component information W of normalization watermarkk *It adjusts
Save random matrix QkSo that it is met formula (4), constitutes 3 mapping matrix Qk, the threshold value of mapping matrix is q=0.5；
Wherein, row and column locating for i, j representing matrix element；
7, the mass-tone channel components for choosing watermark carry out watermark insertion in conjunction with mapping matrix, save the another two time of watermark
The mapping matrix of chrominance channel component is as code key；
8, it is embedded in the mass-tone channel components information of watermark.According to formula (5) and formula (6), in conjunction with the mapping in watermark mass-tone channel
Watermark information is embedded into the m block sub-block U of selection by matrixmMethod in matrix is as follows:
Wherein, Um(2,1) and UmIt (3,1) is respectively m-th of sub-block UmIn (i, j) matrix the element of the second row first row and
The element of the third line first row, sign (Um(3,1)) U is indicatedmThe symbol of (3,1), Uavg=(| Um(2,1)|+|Um(3,1)|)/
2, | Um(2,1) | indicate UmThe absolute value of (2,1), t indicate watermark embedment strength；Other sub-blocks are embedded in the mass-tone channel point of watermark
It is identical to measure information approach；
9, to modified m block sub-block U*mMatrix carries out SVD inverse transformation, reconstructs the low frequency sub-band LL of sub-block* m, formula
Are as follows:
LL* m=U* mSmVm T(7)
Other sub-blocks are equally handled；
10, DWT inverse transformation is carried out to the low frequency sub-band of all insertion sub-images and reconstructs sub-image；
11, all sub-images are synthesized, reconstructs the U component containing watermarking images；
12, merge the U component of Y, V component and reconstruct containing watermarking images of color host image, and be transformed into RGB color sky
Between, obtain final color host image containing watermark.
Half blind watermark method of anti-printing, printing and shooting based on color image extracts flow chart as shown in Figure 2, specifically
Realize that steps are as follows:
1, YUV color space is transformed into color host image containing watermark, and is divided into 8 × 8 non-overlap to U component
Block；
2, the low sub-block of 20%-25% energy carries out DWT transformation before choosing by embedded mode, and to the low of each sub-block
Frequency subband LL'mSVD is carried out to decompose to obtain corresponding U'mMatrix；
3, according to every piece of U'mSecond row first row coefficient U' of matrixm(2,1) and the third line first row coefficient U'm(3,1)
Extract watermark mass-tone channel information, formula are as follows:
Wherein, W'k(i, j) is the watermark main channel component information extracted；
4, the code key reconstruct another two time chrominance channel component watermark information of preservation is utilized；
5, by R, G of extraction, B component watermark W'kRenormalization, formula are carried out respectively are as follows:
Wk w=W'k×255 (9)
6, triple channel merging is carried out to rear R, G of renormalization, B component watermark information, obtains finally extracting watermarking images.
In an important embodiment of the invention, color host image is transformed into YUV color sky from RGB color
Between, the low sub-block of energy then, which is chosen, in U component is embedded in watermark information.YUV color space more meets human-eye visual characteristic, will be bright
Degree is opened with chrominance separation, and when luminance transformation, color is smaller by being influenced；The U component of image is steady under varying environment brightness
Qualitative good, by the U component of the mass-tone channel insertion color host image of watermark information, watermark information is not easy to lose, is conducive to increase
Anti- printing, printing and the shooting robustness of strong algorithms；The low sub-block of energy is chosen as watermark in U component and is embedded in region, is improved
The concealment of watermark information；Meanwhile the secondary colouring component for saving watermark realizes half-blindness insertion, is conducive to completely mention as code key
Take watermark information.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of half blind watermark method of anti-printing, printing and the shooting based on color image, which is characterized in that believe including watermark
Breath insertion and watermark information extracting method,
Specific step is as follows for watermark insertion:
1) color host image is transformed into YUV color space, takes U component map as watermark insertion figure, carrier image size is N
×N；
2) characteristic for considering wavelet transformation, choosing minimum piecemeal size is 8 × 8, and U component map is divided intoA non-overlap
Sub-block；
3) energy for calculating each sub-block chooses the low sub-block of 20%-25% energy before all sub-blocks and carries out watermark insertion, often
Block sub-block energy balane formula are as follows:
Wherein, I (a, b) is the pixel value of sub-image, and a, b are sub-image spatial domain coordinate；
4) after the low sub-block of selected energy being carried out DWT transformation, then SVD is carried out to the low frequency sub-band of each sub-block and decomposes to obtain
Corresponding U matrix, the low sub-block decomposition formula of selected m block energy are as follows:
UmSmVm T=LLm (2)
Wherein Um、VmFor tenth of the twelve Earthly Branches square matrix；SmFor diagonal matrix；LLmFor the low frequency sub-band of the low sub-block of m block energy；
5) watermark information being embedded in will be needed to normalize respectively by R, G, B triple channel, normalizes formula are as follows:
Wherein k indicates R, G, B difference component；WkFor the watermark information of insertion, Wk *For the watermark information after normalization；
6) the random matrix Q that value range is 0-1 is generatedk, further according to R, G and B component information W of normalization watermarkk *Adjust with
Machine matrix QkSo that it is met formula (4), constitutes 3 mapping matrix Qk, the threshold value of mapping matrix is q=0.5；
Row and column locating for wherein i, j representing matrix element；
7) the mass-tone channel components for choosing watermark carry out watermark insertion in conjunction with mapping matrix, and the another two time color for saving watermark is logical
The mapping matrix of road component is as code key；
8) it is embedded in the mass-tone channel components information of watermark: according to formula (5) and formula (6), in conjunction with the mapping matrix in watermark mass-tone channel
Watermark information is embedded into the m block sub-block U of selectionmMethod in matrix is as follows:
Wherein Um(2,1) and UmIt (3,1) is respectively m-th of sub-block UmThe element and the third line of second row first row in (i, j) matrix
The element of first row, sign (Um(3,1)) U is indicatedmThe symbol of (3,1),
Uavg=(| Um(2,1)|+|Um(3,1) |)/2, | Um(2,1) | indicate UmThe absolute value of (2,1), t indicate that watermark insertion is strong
Degree；The mass-tone channel components information approach that other sub-blocks are embedded in watermark is identical；
9) to modified m block sub-block U*mMatrix carries out SVD inverse transformation, reconstructs the low frequency sub-band LL of sub-block* m, formula are as follows:
LL* m=U* mSmVm T (7)
Other sub-blocks are equally handled；
10) DWT inverse transformation is carried out to the low frequency sub-band of all insertion sub-images and reconstructs sub-image；
11) all sub-images are synthesized, reconstructs the U component containing watermarking images；
12) merge the U component of Y, V component and reconstruct containing watermarking images of color host image, and be transformed into RGB color,
Obtain final color host image containing watermark；
Specific step is as follows for watermark extracting:
A, YUV color space is transformed into color host image containing watermark, and is divided into 8 × 8 non-overlap sub-block to U component；
B, the low sub-block of 20%-25% energy carries out DWT transformation before choosing by embedded mode, and to the low frequency of each sub-block
Band LL'mSVD is carried out to decompose to obtain corresponding U'mMatrix；
C, according to every piece of U'mSecond row first row coefficient U' of matrixm(2,1) and the third line first row coefficient U'm(3,1) it extracts
Watermark mass-tone channel information, formula are as follows:
Wherein, W 'k(i, j) is the watermark main channel component information extracted；
D, the code key reconstruct another two time chrominance channel component watermark information of preservation is utilized；
E, by R, G of extraction, B component watermark W 'kRenormalization, formula are carried out respectively are as follows:
F, triple channel merging is carried out to rear R, G of renormalization, B component watermark information, obtains finally extracting watermarking images.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN112907435A (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2021-06-04 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | High-robustness holographic blind watermarking algorithm based on improved Boqi coding and data interval mapping |
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