CN110400244A - The selection and configuration method of aquatic plant species used in a kind of ecological restoration of lakes - Google Patents
The selection and configuration method of aquatic plant species used in a kind of ecological restoration of lakes Download PDFInfo
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of selection of aquatic plant species used in ecological restoration of lakes and configuration method, include the steps that acquiring the method that lake column shaped deposit sample, sample pretreatment, the identification under microscope, aquatic plant species choosing method for statistical analysis to count results and aquatic vegetation configure.The present invention is based on the palaeolimnology of lake sediment research, the coverage of the past water plant in lake, Community composition are quickly rebuild using lake sediment, the aquatic plant species that the period of history largely occurred in the lake are selected, and according to the angle of the quantitative proportion of not sibling species, life habit the aquatic plant species of lake treatment are selected and community collocation；And proposition gradually supplements new aquatic vegetation according to the reverse direction of history water plant Degradation path, until being finally reached the river harnessing ideas of optimal ecological state, provides theory support for shallow lake restoration of the ecosystem, is of great significance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to lake environment protection technique field, it is related to aquatic plant species used in a kind of ecological restoration of lakes
Selection and configuration method, in particular to one kind go over over one hundred year water plant succession history based on lake to determine that lake ecological is repaired
The method of the selection and community collocation of multiple aquatic plant species used.
Background technique
In recent decades, due to the fast development of the sharp increase of population and industrial and agricultural production, many lakes are (special in global range
It is not shallow lake) there are the Ecologies degenerations such as a variety of lake eutrophications, organic contamination, heavy metal pollution, algal tufa outburst
Problem, the reparation of lake ecological also become a significant concern point of environmental management.Currently, Lake Water ecological reestablishment type
It is various, physical method, chemical method, biological method, ecological method etc. are broadly divided into from technical principle.Wherein, biological method
It is that the lake rebuild based on water plant is repaired with one of ecological method general technology, it is that a kind of energy consumption is low, effect is aobvious
It writes and opposite can remain more long, and have many characteristics, such as environmental protection (Wang Zhiqiang etc., 2017).Water plant is as shallow lake ecosystem
Unite important one of primary producer, plays an important role to the structure and function for stablizing lake ecosystem.On the one hand, it is
Other organisms provide food source and habitat, play an important role to the maintenance high bio-diversity of water body, and inhibit to swim
The growth of algae；On the other hand, plant by directly absorption, physiological conversion or inhibits water disturbance, can be effectively reduced water body
In nutritive salt and pollutant concentration.Just because of this, reconstruction aquatic vegetation is by as some lakes and river ecosystem
An important means (Jeppesen et al., 1998) for repairing and treating.
Restoration of the ecosystem is carried out by restoring lake aquatic vegetation, lake management person must be taken into consideration first to plant including what is planted
Object is suitable, every kind of water plant should restore how much, the problems such as how to guarantee to survive.It is common aquatic high in China lake
Plant is there are about 70 kinds, and the overwhelming majority is grown in fresh water lake in them, according to different morphological feature and ecological habit, aquatic height
Equal plants can be divided into 4 biotypes such as emergent aquactic plant, fluitante, floatingleaved plant and submerged plant.Admittedly, used in the reparation
Following principle: 1. endemic species preferential principle should be followed in the selection course of species, endemic species pass through long-term natural selection, energy
Local environmental condition is preferably adapted to, from preventing the angle of species invasion from froming the perspective of, also should preferentially select endemic species；2. adaptability is former
Then, local environment is adapted to, successfully settling down is the key that successfully restored ecosystem；3. meet functional requirement principle, if any it is extensive
Multiple area need to have certain landscape function, and some recovery district pollutions are very serious, should pay the utmost attention to stronger detergent power
Species；4. minimum risk and greatest benefit principle, it is easy that selected species should cultivate, and management, harvest are convenient, initial investment and maintenance
Expense is low.In addition to this, it also needs additionally to consider community collocation, i.e., it need to be by artificially designing, according to local specific natural conditions
Adaptation to local conditions, the suit measures to differing conditions in terms of time sequence of the plantation to selected multiple aquatic plant species, phytobiocoenose carry out inlaying optimum organization,
The complementary symbiosis on the whole of Shi Ge group is to adapt to seasonal variations and environmental pollution and catastrophe (Li Yingjie etc., 2004).
The Palaeobiogeography as locating for lake, lake basin construction and its neighboring regional economy mode and horizontal difference, so that not
The Features of Water Environment in lake itself is totally different when having differences, administer with the environmental problem that lake faces, this certainly will be to lake ecological
It repairs aquatic plant species selection used and proposes challenge, i.e., must be carried out for the unique characteristics in each lake suitable aquatic
The selection of plant species.Especially 1. and 2. to above-mentioned seed selection principle, more highlighting selected species needs to localize, selected species
It more likely extensive, lasting in the lake administered could be rebuild.Currently, water plant when ecological restoration of lakes
The option of species of recovery mainly by aquatic phytobiology characteristic, resistance to soiling, to N and P removal ability and light compensation point
Research on the basis of, habitat conditions and functional requirement in conjunction with recovery district, it is strong to filter out several Ecological tolerances, adapts to lake
Moor water quality situation species as recovery species (An Shuqing, 2003；Wang Zhiqiang etc., 2017).
But the Ecological Investigation based on existing lake, often it is not enough to provide different aquatic vegetations in varying environment background
Under under (such as weather conditions, hydrologic(al) regime, trophic level and mankind's activity interference strength) situation different aquatic vegetations succession
Process and response characteristic.The shortage of these information, it is especially raw to the ecology of aquatic vegetation under period of history varying environment situation
The shortage for managing feature seriously restricts us and repairs the selection of water plant to best lake.Some researchs in the world in recent years
The research work for having carried out many period of history aquatic vegetation differentiation-response mechanisms etc. from different perspectives has accumulated big
Quantifier elimination case (see Dong Xu brightness etc., 2018).Meanwhile in the case where being recorded general lack of aquatic vegetation long term monitoring, nothing
Method knows clearly whether selected water plant once occurred in the lake, and how is the quantity of appearance, with other
Whether how is water plant relative populations, facilitate to improve the information such as water ecology situation when occurring.Considering to utilize water at present
It, also can not be from short-term monitoring record due to lacking the understanding to lake natural process when raw vegetation carries out ecological restoration of lakes
In recognize.In such a case it is difficult to restoration of the ecosystem process itself is avoided to cause new disturbance to lake ecosystem structure,
The purpose for restoring the past ecological community in lake in an orderly manner is not achieved, in some instances it may even be possible to cause new species invasion (such as water hyacinth
It introduces a fine variety, Spartina alterniflora etc.).
Therefore, how effectively to obtain the long-term Changes In Eco-environment procedural information in lake urgently to study, these information are to selection
And aquatic plant species used in configuration ecological restoration of lakes have great importance, and will preferably mention for shallow lake restoration of the ecosystem
For theory support.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology with it is insufficient, provide aquatic used in a kind of ecological restoration of lakes
The selection and configuration method of plant species go over over one hundred year water plant succession history based on lake to determine ecological restoration of lakes
Aquatic plant species used choose and the method for community collocation.
The purpose of the invention is achieved by the following technical solution:
The selection and configuration method of aquatic plant species used in a kind of ecological restoration of lakes, this method are based on the lake past hundred
Remaining year water plant succession history come determine aquatic plant species used in ecological restoration of lakes choose and community collocation, specifically include
Following steps:
(1) it acquires lake column shaped deposit sample: column shaped deposit sample in lake is acquired in lake to be repaired, by column
Sediment sample is successively cut, and is divided into several subsamples, mixed encapsulation after save it is to be analyzed；
(2) sample pretreatment: if each subsample takes dry and wet sample, recording wet sample volume, water added sufficiently to dissolve, and is sieved, point
It selects Vs Plant Megafossils to obtain sieve and takes object, take object to save respectively the sieve of obtained each subsample；
(3) identification under microscope: object is taken to carry out Testing and appraisal the sieve of step (2) under Stereo microscope, and by plant
The category kind of object macrofossil is counted；
(4) for statistical analysis to count results: by the wet sample volume for belonging to kind of a concentration=number/used, to calculate every height
The category kind concentration of Vs Plant Megafossils in sample, unit are a/mL deposit, are drawn by the category kind of Vs Plant Megafossils with plant bigization
Stone concentration be abscissa, column shaped deposit sample locating for subsample depth be the combination schema (institute as shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 of ordinate
Show)；
(5) aquatic plant species choosing method: the category kind once occurred in history identified according to step (4) is clear
Single, selecting, there is preferable pollution removal ability and/or the water plant for being easy to cultivate to belong to kind rebuilds as lake aquatic vegetation
Species；
(6) method of aquatic vegetation configuration: to the species selected in step (5),
1., can be using the specific layer position of period of history as reference template, according to the Lake Water selected in step (5) in quantity
The quantity number for the species that obtained lake aquatic vegetation is rebuild in the species and step (4) of raw revegetation (it is dense to belong to kind
Degree)/specific ratio (carrying out ratio calculation by the category kind concentration to corresponding plants to obtain), to determine the number for launching water plant
Amount；
2. the life habit for the species spatially, rebuild according to selected lake aquatic vegetation is in the corresponding position in lake
(at different water depth) is planted；
3. in timing, based on the analysis of lake column shaped deposit sample, according to the inverse side of history water plant Degradation path
To, first select the time upper and belong to kind as the pioneer administered close to the water plant of modern group, first restored ecosystem it is basic
Structure and function；With the continuous improvement of habitat conditions, in the way of water plant category kind time gap from the near to the remote timing,
It is stepped up and plants new aquatic plant species, increase the diversity and stability of species.The pioneer belongs to kind and refers to a life
The succession early stage of state group or the species in mid-stage succession stage, destroy one, lose original association of plants and animals
Environment, pioneer is i.e. relatively early after disruption to be occurred and those of relatively easy existence belongs to kind.
Acquisition lake column shaped deposit sample described in step (1) is preferably to acquire in the bosom in lake to be assessed
Lake column shaped deposit sample, innermost deposit is most representative, and deposit is most thick.
The depth selection of lake column shaped deposit sample described in step (1) is preferably at least 70cm, to trace back to
Longer aquatic vegetation history；Bore (i.e. the diameter of the lake column shaped deposit sample) 9cm of the sedimentary column, with
Enough sample sizes are provided.
Cutting described in step (1) can be carried out directly in field；It is preferred that being cut by riffle sampler.
Theoretically can each layer of position to column shaped deposit sample carry out the structure of detailed water plant macrofossil
At analysis, and then provide detailed succession of plant history；For example, carrying out the cutting of 1cm/ sample to Sediment Coress and reflect under mirror
It is fixed, it can be obtained the succession of plant history of higher resolution.But it unites to the Vs Plant Megafossils experiment process of each layer of position, identification
Meter is required to the operation of professional person and needs longer sample processing time；In view of cost and operability, it is however generally that, son
Sample size at least ten.
Present invention further propose that carrying out " quick " analysis of the deposit of every 5cm as a sample to deposited intact column
Method carrys out the composition situation of aquatic vegetation in the concise variation tendency for describing the period of history and different times.This is based on invention
Before people team is multinomial to the sediment pile rate in multiple lakes (Xu et al., 2017), environmental evolution stage period of history etc.
The result of phase research practice and propose, research finds that every 5cm sampling can preferably cover important vegetation period of expansion and energy
It is corresponding to cut down experimental cost.If but sampling thickness is excessive, such as 8cm, 10cm, then may bring the development for missing crucial vegetation
The problem of phase information.
The cutting thickness of each subsample is preferably 2~5cm.
The concrete operations of mixing encapsulation described in step (1) preferably encapsulate each subsample in a sealed container,
Such as No. 7 plastic sample bags, cryo-conservation after mixing；It is preferred that being saved at 4 DEG C.
It is 5:(4~3 that water described in step (2), which preferably presses wet sample and the volume ratio of water) it is added.
When wet sample viscosity is larger, dispersing agent can also be added in step (2) and accelerates dissolution；The dispersing agent is preferred
For sodium metaphosphate；The sodium metaphosphate solution of more preferably 10% (v/v).
The additive amount of the dispersing agent is preferably added by the volume ratio of dispersing agent and wet sample for 1:10.
The sieve of sieving described in step (2) is preferably the sieve that aperture is 125 μm；More preferably 250 μm and 125 μm
Sieve, to be sorted to Vs Plant Megafossils residuum.
Preservation described in step (2) is preferably stored refrigerated.
The amount of wet sample described in step (2) is preferably at least 100mL.
Detection described in step (3) is preferably detected under 20~150 times of amplification.
Counting described in step (3) preferably follows following principle and is counted:
1. conversion counting is carried out, such as to identifiable part to broken Vs Plant Megafossils, it is two different half big
The combinable statistics of fossil is one；
2. to the fossil that content is high but individual is small, for example, stonewort spore, the seed of sharp-flowered rush (Juncus), in selecting
It can not choose when stone, can directly be counted as a big number, such as 500 or 1000.
Because of the ability that most of water plants all have preferable pollution removal, increase aquatic ecosystem stability, In
In step (5), theoretically it is all belong in the period of history water plant that occurred of the lake kind can be used as lake aquatic and plant
Reconstructed species.Present invention further propose that 2 optimum principles:
1. based on the quantitative difference that history water plant occurs, selection is at least while appeared in 2 different subsamples, and
Par (the category kind of the average value of all layers of position category kind, the i.e. kind Vs Plant Megafossils in the subsample of each layer of position
The average value of the sum of concentration) more category kind；
2. being selected more than the phase at least a year history of life, contaminant removal capacity in conjunction with known water plant ecosystem characterization
The plant strong, easy Survival Reproduction is fast belongs to kind.
Step 1. in category kind preferably include the category kinds of different biotypes；The biotype includes emergent aquactic plant, floating
Plant, floatingleaved plant and submerged plant.
The quantity of category kind is preferably 5~8 described in step (5).
Step (6) 2. described in the species rebuild of lake aquatic vegetation preferably include the aquatic plants of at least two biotypes
Object species.
Step (6) 2. described in the water plant close to modern group be preferably that deposit 10~20cm depth occurs
Water plant；The depth usually corresponds to nearly 10~50 years aquatic vegetation group situations, because closer to the plant of modern group
Object and since the similitude of environment more be easy restore；Meanwhile most of lakes are more healthy state in the period,
Lake vegetation state is not yet by compared with havoc.
Preferably, the configuration of aquatic vegetation described in step (6) can also be according to the rule for belonging to kind of succession, with ecology
The method of population cluster, i.e., it is according to different developing periods that sample monoid is similar according to the principle of plant group similitude
Two neighboring samples be classified as the same stage, kind of a succession development process will be belonged to and be divided into several stages, with the stage
The selection and configuration of the species are carried out for unit.
The selection of aquatic plant species used in the ecological restoration of lakes and configuration method are in ecological restoration of lakes
Using.
Mechanism and design of the invention:
Ecological restoration of lakes method based on reconstruct aquatic vegetation is widely used by domestic and international lake treatment person always.
However, existing thinking is mainly the ecological habit and improvement from existing water plant in the selectivity of aquatic plant species
It is screened in effect, not from the history of Evolution of The Lakes, the aquatic plant species that history once occurred from lake itself
Angle go to be selected.This ignorance lake self-condition and the administering method of history are easy to bring the water plant of transplanting to exist
It is difficult to survive in new environment or the problem of survival period brings species invasion local species soon or directly.The present invention is administering
It is innovated in thinking, is utilized based on the palaeolimnology of lake sediment research from the angle of " the history class origin " of aquatic vegetation
Lake sediment can trace the technical advantage of the long-term Changes In Eco-environment history in lake, go over the aquatic of more than 200 years to lake
The coverage of plant, Community composition are quickly rebuild, and the aquatic plant species that the period of history largely occurred in the lake are selected,
And the aquatic plant species of lake treatment are selected according to the angle of the quantitative proportion of not sibling species, life habit and group
Configuration is fallen, can effectively make up " blindness " seed selection, faced various problems are repaired in " whole " plantation formula lake.
Lake sediment is deposited in lakebed year by year, and the water plant in lake can all have a large amount of in growth, descending process
Plant residue can be stored in lake sediment, form Vs Plant Megafossils, therefore the quantity of water plant macrofossil, opposite contain
Amount is to aquatic vegetation coverage in reality, diversity and the best indication index of structure feature.The present invention is by obtaining history
The aquatic vegetation information in period (before especially lake ecosystem is not yet degenerated), to know clearly selected aquatic
Plant is if appropriate for for restoration of the ecosystem.Therefore, it is long-term can to provide lake for the variation of understanding period of history aquatic vegetation group
Changes In Eco-environment procedural information, these information have aquatic plant species used in selection and configuration ecological restoration of lakes important
Meaning provides theory support for shallow lake restoration of the ecosystem.
The present invention selects the Vs Plant Megafossils in deposit with following advantageous characteristic: first, once occurred in history
All water plants all find corresponding residual fraction in deposit mostly, can be fruit (including seed, spore etc.),
It can be the plant parts such as root, stem, dry, leaf, bud, flower (including holder, corolla, calyx etc.), all each residual fractions
Quantity is to have recorded the relative populations of history water plant appearance；Second, it can more fully show that different type is aquatic in history
The Ecological informations such as biology community structure, function and diversity；Third, because Vs Plant Megafossils are larger, often just in local deposition,
Therefore reflection be lake itself aquatic vegetation information (be different from other indexs, as cryptogam index can reflect different places come
Source).
The present invention has the following advantages and effects with respect to the prior art:
1. the angle that the present invention develops from history environment proposes " the water plant category kind that the period of history locally once occurred "
It is the selection of optimal " the reconstruct available aquatic plant species of lake aquatic vegetation ".Due to the difference of lake unique characteristics,
Some water plants in other lakes with preferable regulation effect can not preferably survive wait administer in lake
Development.Therefore, the water plant that selection lake once occurred in history, the better survival of energy greater probability, and will not
Bring the possibility of nonlocal species invasion.
2. the research of Vs Plant Megafossils in pair lake sediment can comprehensively show the water of lake period of history (> 200 years)
The history of evolution of plant provides a variety of Ecological informations such as water plant type, coverage rate, structure of community and diversity.Preceding
On the basis of the result of study of phase a large amount of sedimentary column deposition rate, the present invention proposes that the sedimentary column sample of lake 70cm at least can generation
Table goes over the deposition process in more than 200 years.
3. a kind of method that the present invention further preferably proposes every 5cm mixed sampling, can take into account and objectively respond history
The overall condition of aquatic vegetation also can efficiently obtain analysis result.For most of lakes, overburden rate is very fast,
Lower part deposition rate is slower.According to the multinomial application practice of inventor as a result, we to show that every 5cm sampling can be covered preferably important
Vegetation period of expansion and can accordingly cut down experimental cost.Application case Taibai Lake as a result, clearly showing that out for 70cm's
Sedimentary column, the mixing sample of every 5cm can capture the variation phase (Fig. 2) of various aquatic vegetations, the mixing sample of more every 2cm
Analysis time and the experimental cost of more than half are saved in analysis.
4. the present invention proposes that can choose at 10~20cm of deposit the water plant that (about 10~50 years) occur is used as improvement
Pioneer belong to kind, the basic structure and function of first restored ecosystem, with the continuous improvement of habitat conditions, gradually supplement is new
Species increase the diversity and stability of species.
5. the present invention proposes the reverse direction according to history water plant Degradation path, new aquatic vegetation is gradually supplemented, directly
To being finally reached optimal ecological state.This river harnessing ideas meets the developing direction of system, is innovation.
6. the river harnessing ideas that the present invention has " one plan of a lake ".Eradicate lake pollution problem must because of lake Shi Ce, to the ill under
Medicine, present invention represents lake treatments to send out from " extensive, single solution for diverse problems mode " to the fine formula governance model of " one plan of a lake "
Exhibition, can effectively avoid the case where being unable to reach regulation effect because of the characteristic in single lake.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow diagram in the lake historical ecology health assessment method of the invention based on sedimentary column snapshot.
Fig. 2 is chosen and matches using the species of method of the invention to the macrophyte planting that Taibai Lake carries out restoration of the ecosystem
Set required history aquatic vegetation succession figure.
Fig. 3 is that the water plant proposed based on Taibai Lake aquatic vegetation history of evolution configures track (dotted line) schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
Present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but embodiments of the present invention are unlimited
In this.
The building of 1 method of embodiment
Fig. 1 illustrates flow diagram of the invention.
The selection and configuration method of aquatic plant species used in a kind of ecological restoration of lakes, include the following steps:
(1) it acquires lake column shaped deposit sample: acquiring column shaped deposit sample in lake in lake to be repaired, sampling is deep
Degree is at least 70cm；Field divides sample ring successively to cut sedimentary column with 5cm thickness, by each cylindrical body for being cut into 5cm thickness
Sample is encapsulated in No. 7 plastic sample bags after mixing mixing, is stored in be processed in 4 DEG C or so of refrigerator-freezer.
(2) sample pretreatment: taking the wet sample of 100mL to each sample, be put into 200mL beaker, and 60~80mL is added certainly
Water, with glass bar stirring and dissolving, the metaphosphoric acid of dispersing agent 10% (v/v) can be added in (such as deposit viscosity is larger) when necessary
Sodium solution (such as 10mL) accelerates course of dissolution.Deposit after completely dissolution, is sieved, for example, the sieve for being 125 μm in aperture
In, it is furthermore preferred that successively carrying out careful flushing with tap water in the sieve that aperture is 250 μm and 125 μm, being carried out to it
Sorting；Object is taken to use bottle stored refrigerated respectively each sieve.
(3) identification under laboratory microscope: taking object to be placed in glass culture dish each sieve in laboratory, 20~
It is detected under 150 times of biological stereoscopes, lower column count principle can be followed: i) to broken Vs Plant Megafossils, being converted
It counts, for example to identifiable part, the combinable statistics of two half different of macrofossils is one；Ii) high but a to content
The small fossil of body, such as stonewort spore, the seed of sharp-flowered rush (Juncus), can not choose when selecting fossil, can be direct
It is counted as a big number, such as 500 or 1000.
The category kind identified is counted；
(4) for statistical analysis to count results: to calculate the category kind concentration of Vs Plant Megafossils in each layer of position deposit (i.e.
The sample size of number/used, unit are /mL deposit): draw Vs Plant Megafossils list, concentration combination schema (such as Fig. 2).
(5) Vs Plant Megafossils in deposit are with following advantageous characteristic: all aquatic plants i) once occurred in history
Object all finds corresponding residual fraction in deposit mostly, can be fruit (including seed, spore etc.), be also possible to root,
The plant parts such as stem, dry, leaf, bud, flower (including holder, corolla, calyx etc.), the quantity of all each residual fractions record
The relative populations that history water plant occurs；Ii) can more fully show in history different type community of aquatic organism structure,
The Ecological informations such as function and diversity；Iii) because Vs Plant Megafossils are larger, often just in local deposition, therefore what is reflected is lake
Moor the information (other indexs being different from, as cryptogam index can reflect different places source) of itself aquatic vegetation；
(6) aquatic plant species choosing method: because most of water plants all have preferable pollution removal, increase water
The ability of ecosystem stability, theoretically it is all belong in the period of history water plant that occurred of the lake kind can be used as
The species that lake aquatic vegetation is rebuild, the species inventory once occurred in history that can be identified according to step (4) carry out
Selection.Preferably, 2 optimum principles of present invention proposition, first, the quantitative difference that can be occurred based on history water plant, choosing
It selects and at least appears in that 2 different layers positions, par (average value of all layers of position category kind) are more and picking difference is raw as far as possible
The species of the category kind 5~8 of type living；Second, in conjunction with known water plant ecosystem characterization, select (the term that the history of life is long
More than), pollutant go the plant that removal ability is strong, easy Survival Reproduction is fast to belong to kind.
(7) method of aquatic vegetation configuration: to the species selected in step (6), 1) in quantity, it can be with the period of history
Specific layer position as reference template, according in the preferred species and step (4) selected in step (6) it is obtained these preferably
The quantity number (belong to kind of a concentration) in the specific layer position of correspondence of species/specific ratio (by these preferred plants at this
Category kind concentration in specific layer position carries out ratio calculation and obtains), to launch the quantity of water plant；It 2) spatially, can be according to life
Living type (such as enduring water type, water type of sinking) chooses different category kinds, and according to the life habit of relative species in lake to be administered
It is planted the corresponding position (at different water depth) in pool lake；3) it in timing, can choose at 10~20cm of deposit (usually close
10~50 years, because being more easy to restore closer to the plant of modern group；More preferably 15~20cm) occur water plant
Pioneer as improvement, which belongs to, to plant, the basic structure and function of first restored ecosystem, with the continuous improvement of habitat conditions, gradually
New species are planted, the diversity and stability of species are increased.It in other words, generally can be according to history water plant degeneration rail
The reverse direction of mark gradually adds new aquatic vegetation, until being finally reached optimal ecological state (such as Fig. 3).Correspondence is different
Convalescence (layer position corresponds to convalescence), it can choose specific category kind and the ratio in different layers position；The ratio is to tool
The optimal proportion that should be followed in body convalescence.
Acquisition lake column shaped deposit sample described in step (1) is preferably to acquire in the bosom in lake to be assessed
Lake column shaped deposit sample, innermost deposit is most representative, and deposit is most thick.
The depth selection of lake column shaped deposit sample described in step (1) is preferably at least 70cm, to include more
Long aquatic vegetation history；Bore (i.e. the diameter of the lake column shaped deposit sample) 9cm of the sedimentary column, to mention
For enough sample sizes.
Theoretically can each layer of position to sedimentary column carry out the composition of detailed water plant macrofossil and divide
Analysis, and then detailed succession of plant history is provided；For example, sampling horizon quantity at least ten.But to the plant of each layer of position
Macrofossil experiment process, identification statistics are required to the operation of professional person and need longer sample processing time；In view of cost
And operability, present invention further propose that carrying out " quick " of the deposit of every 5cm as a sample to deposited intact column
Analytic approach carrys out the composition situation of aquatic vegetation in the concise variation tendency for describing the period of history and different times.
The sampling amount that the detection of plant residue macrofossil is carried out described in step (3) is preferably at least the wet sample of 100mL.
Inventor team collects a large amount of Chinese Lakes deposition rate data and shows (such as Xu et al, 2017), and lake is close
The deposition that average sedimentation rate < 0.3cm/ over 200 years, the i.e. deposit of 70cm tend to cover 200 Yu Nianlai in the past is gone through
History can trace back to the environmental aspect before the industrial revolution, therefore can provide the aquatic vegetation in lake contaminated lesser extent period
Upgrowth situation.
2 application example of embodiment
Taibai Lake (29 ° of 56 '~30 ° of 01 ' N, 115 ° of 46 '~115 ° of 50 ' E) is located at the Huang of Hubei Province east, long north of the Changjiang River bank
Mei County is domestic.The lake is shallow water water-carrying lake, mean depth 3.2m, mean water 13.38m, drainage area 960km2.Lake
Area is from 20th century the '30s 69.2km2, repeatedly enclosed tideland for cultivation, become 63.7km in 1950s mid-term2, 1960s is reduced to
44km2, it is prohibited to enclose tideland for cultivation after 1978, now only area 25.1km2, and be directly connected to the Changjiang river without water outlet river.Lake week
Mainly farmland is enclosed, since the seventies, a large amount of uses of this area's agrochemical increase the input of Lakes in Nutrition substance.Too
White lake aquaculture starts from 1950s, and the Later development eighties is cage culture, is confined to southern lake region (Jinhua soldier, 2007).
According to previous survey (simple Yongxing etc., 2001), the aquatic vegetation of Taibai Lake is very abundant before 1980s, but hereafter aquatic vegetation subtracts
It is few.A small amount of aquatic vegetation is confined to northern lake region at present (Human impact is fewer than southern lake region).The lake eutrophication now,
The water investigation of southern lake region analysis shows that, the average annual total phosphorus in the lake is more than 120 μ g/L (Yang et al., 2008).
For the application for showing the application, Fig. 2 is enumerated the resolution ratio for mixing sample according to every 2cm mono- and identifies calculating
Obtained water plant macrofossil concentration diagram, to show the sample of every 5cm mixing (i.e. about by adjacent 2 2cm aggregate samples
Merge) remain to the aquatic vegetation succession situation for effectively indicating the lake period of history.Mainly belong to the aobvious of kind out of different times
It, can also body even if (about being merged adjacent 2 2cm aggregate samples, that is, correspond to every 5cm mixing) after mixing from the point of view of in indication
Reveal the situation of change of vegetation in main period of time.
The object that Taibai Lake aquatic vegetation remediation is carried out based on history water plant succession history constructed using embodiment 1
Kind chooses and the method for community collocation:
(1) sedimentary column piece (70cm long, a bore are obtained with the gravity sampler of profession in the Taibai Lake middle of a lake (bosom)
9cm is thick).
(2) laboratory treatment is carried out according to the above method, carries out the identification of Vs Plant Megafossils residuum under the microscope, is counted.
(3) Vs Plant Megafossils identify more than 20 water plants (containing partially temporarily failing to name altogether in Taibai Lake sediment core
Belong to kind), including submerged plant, floatingleaved plant and emergent aquactic plant, main aquatic plant residues variation tendency be as shown in Figure 2.Its
Middle submerged plant accounts for major part, including hornwort (Ceratophyllum demersum), water caltrop (Potamogeton
Crispus), Potamogeton (Potamogeton spp.), small najas marina (Najas minor), stonewort (Chara spp.), beautiful algae
(Nitella spp.), close thorn eel grass (Vallisneria denseserrulata), eel grass (Vallisneria natans)
With spike watermifoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) etc..Floatingleaved plant includes Nymphaeceae (water lily Nymphaea and spatterdock
Nuphar), Eichhornia crassipes (Eichhornia crassipes), Gorgon fruit (Euryale ferox) and water chestnut (Trapa spp.) etc..Very
Water plant includes rush (Juncus sp.), lotus (Nelumbo) and pale persicaria (Polygonum Lapathifolium)
Deng.Thorn spore glue thorn algae (Gloeotrichia echinulata) is distributed in entire sediment core and quantity is abundant.It can press
According to the rule for belonging to kind of succession, the method clustered with mos, i.e., according to the principle of plant group similitude, according to different hairs
Similar two neighboring samples of sample monoid are classified as the same stage by exhibition period, and the development process in more than 200 years of past is divided
For 5 stages (TB1 to TB5).
(4) according to the ecosystem characterization of above-mentioned water plant (ability of depolluting, growth complexity etc.), hornwort may be selected
(Ceratophyllum demersum), water caltrop (Potamogeton crispus), Potamogeton (Potamogeton
Spp.), small najas marina (Najas minor), stonewort (Chara spp.), beautiful algae (Nitella spp.), close thorn eel grass
(Vallisneria denseserrulata), eel grass (Vallisneria natans) and spike watermifoil
(Myriophyllum spicatum) etc..Floatingleaved plant includes Nymphaeceae (water lily Nymphaea and spatterdock Nuphar), phoenix eyes
Lotus (Eichhornia crassipes), Gorgon fruit (Euryale ferox) and water chestnut (Trapa spp.) etc..Emergent aquactic plant includes lamp
Heart grass (Juncus sp.), lotus (Nelumbo) and pale persicaria (Polygonum Lapathifolium) etc..It pierces spore glue and pierces algae
(Gloeotrichia echinulata), water plant used belongs to kind when administering as Taibai Lake.
(5) choosing method of the exploiting species proposed according to the present invention, the hydrophyte restoration of Taibai Lake can first plant TB4
With occur close thorn eel grass (Vallisneria denseserrulata), glue thorn algae (Gloeotrichia echinulata),
3 kinds of stonewort (Chara spp.) etc. be used as exploiting species, can according to the exploiting species the population proportion 1:2:5 of TB4 band number
Amount ratio is arranged in pairs or groups (Fig. 2).
(6) method of the water plant space configuration proposed according to the present invention, exploiting species are submerged plant, therefore can be uniform
It is planted in Lake Water bottom.
(7) principle chronologically configured proposed according to the present invention, the pioneer water plant to Taibai Lake form a set pattern
After mould, TB3 can be successively planted with the eel grass (Vallisneria occurred according to " the inverse trend " of degenerated curve
Denseserrulata), glue thorn algae (Gloeotrichia echinulata), stonewort (Chara spp.), p.malaianus,
5 kinds of small najas marina etc., as subsequent supplement category kind, can belong to kind in the population proportion of TB3 band according to 2:2 according to the subsequent supplement:
The quantitative proportion of 6:1:1 is arranged in pairs or groups (Fig. 2).
The above embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but embodiments of the present invention are not by above-described embodiment
Limitation, other any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention,
It should be equivalent substitute mode, be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the selection and configuration method of aquatic plant species used in a kind of ecological restoration of lakes, which is characterized in that specifically include as
Lower step:
(1) it acquires lake column shaped deposit sample: column shaped deposit sample in lake is acquired in lake to be repaired, by columnar deposition
Object sample is successively cut, and is divided into several subsamples, mixed encapsulation after save it is to be analyzed；
(2) sample pretreatment: if each subsample takes dry and wet sample, recording wet sample volume, water added sufficiently to dissolve, and sieving, sorting is planted
Object macrofossil obtains sieve and takes object, takes object to save respectively the sieve of obtained each subsample；
(3) identification under microscope: object is taken to carry out Testing and appraisal the sieve of step (2) under Stereo microscope, and big by plant
The category kind of fossil is counted；
(4) for statistical analysis to count results: by the wet sample volume for belonging to kind of a concentration=number/used, to calculate each subsample
The category kind concentration of middle Vs Plant Megafossils, unit are a/mL deposit, are drawn by the category kind of Vs Plant Megafossils dense with Vs Plant Megafossils
The depth of column shaped deposit sample locating for degree, subsample is the combination schema of coordinate；
(5) aquatic plant species choosing method: the category kind inventory once occurred in history identified according to step (4),
It selects to belong to kind of the object rebuild as lake aquatic vegetation with preferable pollution removal ability and/or the water plant for being easy to cultivate
Kind；
(6) method of aquatic vegetation configuration: to the species selected in step (5),
1. in quantity, using the specific layer position of period of history as reference template, according to the lake aquatic vegetation selected in step (5)
The category kind concentration for the species that obtained lake aquatic vegetation is rebuild in the species and step (4) of reconstruction and shared specific ratio
Example, to determine the quantity for launching water plant；
2. the life habit for the species spatially, rebuild according to selected lake aquatic vegetation is in the respective water depth position in lake
It is planted；
3. in timing, based on the analysis of lake column shaped deposit sample, according to the reverse direction of history water plant Degradation path, first
Select the time upper and belong to kind close to the water plant of modern group as the pioneer administered, the basic structure of first restored ecosystem with
Function；As the continuous improvement of habitat conditions gradually increases in the way of water plant category kind time gap from the near to the remote timing
Add and plant new aquatic plant species, increases the diversity and stability of species.
2. the selection and configuration method of aquatic plant species used in ecological restoration of lakes according to claim 1, feature
It is:
Subsample quantity at least ten described in step (1)；
Detection described in step (3) is detected under 20~150 times of amplification；
The quantity of category kind described in step (5) is 5~8.
3. the selection and configuration method of aquatic plant species used in ecological restoration of lakes according to claim 1, feature
It is:
The cutting thickness of each subsample described in step (1) is 2~5cm；
Cutting described in step (1) can be carried out directly in field；
Riffle sampler is cut through described in step (1) to be cut；
The sieve of sieving described in step (2) is the sieve that aperture is 125 μm；
Step (6) 2. described in the water plant close to modern group be lake column shaped deposit sample 10~20cm depth
The water plant of appearance.
4. the selection and configuration method of aquatic plant species used in ecological restoration of lakes according to claim 1, feature
It is:
The cutting thickness of each subsample described in step (1) is 5cm；
The sieve that the sieve of sieving described in step (2) is 250 μm and 125 μm, sorts Vs Plant Megafossils residuum；
The amount of wet sample described in step (2) is at least 100mL.
5. the selection and configuration method of aquatic plant species used in ecological restoration of lakes according to claim 1, feature
It is:
Acquisition lake column shaped deposit sample described in step (1) is the lake column acquired in the bosom in lake to be assessed
Sediment sample；
It saves as described in step (1) and is saved at 4 DEG C；
Step (6) 2. described in lake aquatic vegetation rebuild species include at least two biotypes aquatic plant species.
6. the selection and configuration method of aquatic plant species used in ecological restoration of lakes according to claim 1, feature
It is:
The depth selection of lake column shaped deposit sample described in step (1) is at least 70cm；The bore of the sedimentary column
9cm；
When wet sample viscosity is larger, dispersing agent can also be added in step (2) and accelerates dissolution；
Aquatic plant species described in step (5) are chosen to be carried out by following principle:
1. selection at least while appears in 2 different subsamples, and average based on the quantitative difference that history water plant occurs
A fairly large number of category kind；
2. in conjunction with known water plant ecosystem characterization, selection is more than the phase at least a year history of life, contaminant removal capacity is strong,
The fast plant of easy Survival Reproduction belongs to kind.
7. the selection and configuration method of aquatic plant species used in ecological restoration of lakes according to claim 6, feature
It is:
The concrete operations of mixing encapsulation described in step (1) are to encapsulate each subsample in a sealed container；
Water described in step (2) is 5:(4~3 by the volume ratio of wet sample and water) it is added；
Step 1. in category kind include different biotypes a category kind；
The dispersing agent is sodium metaphosphate.
8. the selection and configuration method of aquatic plant species used in ecological restoration of lakes according to claim 1, feature
It is:
Counting described in step (3) follows following principle and is counted:
1. carrying out conversion counting, such as to identifiable part, two half different of macrofossils to broken Vs Plant Megafossils
Combinable statistics is one；
2. the fossil that content is high but individual is small can not be chosen when selecting fossil, can directly be counted as a big number,
Such as 500 or 1000.
9. the selection and configuration method of aquatic plant species used in ecological restoration of lakes according to claim 1, feature
It is:
The configuration of aquatic vegetation described in step (5) aquatic plant species choosing method and (6) is according to the rule for belonging to kind of succession
Rule, the method clustered with mos, i.e., according to the principle of plant group similitude, according to different developing periods by sample class
Two neighboring samples as faciation are classified as the same stage, will belong to kind of a succession development process and are divided into several stages, with institute
The stage stated is the selection and configuration that unit carries out the species.
10. the selection of aquatic plant species used in ecological restoration of lakes according to any one of claims 1 to 9 and configuration method exist
Application in ecological restoration of lakes.
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| CN116433447B (en) * | 2023-06-12 | 2023-08-18 | 水利部牧区水利科学研究所 | Desert vegetation restoration species configuration method based on community construction mechanism |
| CN117741077A (en) * | 2023-11-18 | 2024-03-22 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院水产科学研究所 | Aquatic plant harvesting-based aquatic ecological environment protection method |
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