CN110397175B - SMA negative stiffness damping device - Google Patents
SMA negative stiffness damping device Download PDFInfo
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- CN110397175B CN110397175B CN201910596609.2A CN201910596609A CN110397175B CN 110397175 B CN110397175 B CN 110397175B CN 201910596609 A CN201910596609 A CN 201910596609A CN 110397175 B CN110397175 B CN 110397175B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
- E04B1/98—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against vibrations or shocks; against mechanical destruction, e.g. by air-raids
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
- E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
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Abstract
The invention relates to an SMA negative stiffness damping device. This SMA burden rigidity damping device includes bedplate, lower bedplate and is located the slider between the upper and lower bedplate, the downside of going up the bedplate has lower protruding cambered surface, the upside face of bedplate has last protruding cambered surface down, the last side of slider have with the concave cambered surface of the concave-convex complex of lower protruding cambered surface of last bedplate, the downside have with the concave cambered surface of the concave-convex complex of last bedplate, the downside has with the concave-convex cambered surface of the concave-convex complex of bedplate down, damping device is still including encircleing at last bedplate and between the bedplate down, be used for pressing the SMA cable of last bedplate and lower bedplate on the slider. The SMA negative-stiffness shock absorption device has self-resetting capability, and the SMA cable has the capability of restoring the self-deformation, so that the shock absorption device can restore the self-deformation. The SMA negative stiffness damping device utilizes the lower convex cambered surface of the upper seat plate and the upper convex cambered surface of the lower seat plate to form a negative stiffness effect, so that the internal stress of the lower structure of the damping device is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a damping device, in particular to an SMA negative stiffness damping device.
Background
Since the 60 s of the 20 th century, seismic isolation, energy consumption and shock absorption technologies gradually attract attention of all countries in the world and are widely applied to building structures and bridge structures. The vibration isolation and absorption technology separates the structure from ground motion or support motion during earthquake to the maximum extent through a vibration isolation and absorption device, thereby greatly reducing the earthquake effect transmitted to the upper structure. A large number of theoretical researches and part of earthquake-proof engineering earthquake damage experiences show that the earthquake-proof, energy-consuming and shock-absorbing technology is one of the most stable and effective control technologies so far, the tests of strong earthquakes are withstood by some engineering structures adopting the earthquake-proof, energy-consuming and shock-absorbing technology, the effectiveness of the passive control technology is proved, the earthquake-reducing and shock-proof technology is widely applied to the reinforcement and reconstruction of buildings and bridge structures, and earthquake-proof products related to the bridges and the buildings are rapidly developed along with the frequent occurrence of earthquakes in recent years.
The hyperelastic Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) is applied to seismic isolation and reduction bridges, and can effectively reduce the maximum relative displacement between pier beams, reduce residual deformation and increase extra energy consumption capacity. Scholars at home and abroad put forward a large number of SMA limiting devices and shock absorption and isolation devices based on SMA, and the self-recovery capability of the bridge is greatly improved. However, the SMA member increases the connection rigidity between the pier beams, so that the internal force response of the lower structure under the action of earthquake motion is obviously increased. How to reduce the internal force of a lower structure becomes a big problem to be solved by the SMA shock insulation system bridge.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides an SMA negative stiffness damping device, which aims to solve the technical problem that the SMA damping device in the prior art is easy to damage due to large internal force response.
The technical scheme of the SMA negative stiffness damping device is as follows:
the utility model provides a SMA negative stiffness damping device includes bedplate, lower bedplate and is located the slider between the upper and lower bedplate, the downside of going up the bedplate has lower protruding cambered surface, the last side of bedplate has last protruding cambered surface down, the last side of slider have with the concave cambered surface of the concave-convex complex of arc top part of the lower protruding cambered surface of bedplate, the downside have with the concave-convex complex of arc top part of the upper protruding cambered surface of bedplate down go up concave cambered surface, damping device is still including encircleing at last bedplate and between the bedplate down, be used for going up the bedplate and the SMA cable of bedplate down on the slider of compressing tightly.
And a limiting SMA cable is also arranged between the upper seat plate and the lower seat plate, the limiting SMA cable is in a loose state when the upper seat plate and the lower seat plate do not slide relatively, and the limiting SMA cable is tensioned to limit the sliding position of the upper seat plate and the lower seat plate when the upper seat plate and the lower seat plate slide relatively.
The limiting SMA cable is connected with the upper seat plate and the lower seat plate through a spherical hinge structure.
The spherical hinge structure comprises ball heads arranged at two ends of the limiting SMA cable and a ball head seat fixedly connected to the upper seat plate and the lower seat plate.
The ball head seat comprises two detachably connected single bodies.
The slider is the cylindricality piece, the edge of the lower cambered surface of going up the bedplate is circular, the edge of the last cambered surface of bedplate is circular down.
The SMA cable is provided with a plurality of SMA cables, wherein part of the plurality of SMA cables are transverse SMA cables which are arranged in parallel at intervals, and the rest part of the plurality of SMA cables are longitudinal SMA cables which are arranged in parallel at intervals.
The radian of the lower convex cambered surface of the upper seat plate is equal to that of the upper convex cambered surface of the lower seat plate.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the upper seat plate in the SMA negative stiffness damping device is connected with a building structure, the lower seat plate is connected with a foundation structure, the gravity of the structure borne by the upper seat plate can act on the upper convex cambered surface, the gravity load can generate component force along the upper convex cambered surface in the tangential direction of the upper convex cambered surface, the component force provides acting force for the sliding block to slide downwards, and the sliding block is prevented from sliding downwards by friction force between the sliding block and the upper convex cambered surface. When the slip force is greater than the friction force, the difference between the slip force and the friction force helps the slide block to deviate from the balance position, and the slide block slides on the upper seat plate through the matching of the upper concave arc surface and the upper convex arc surface, so that the damping device generates negative rigidity.
The SMA negative-stiffness seismic isolation support has self-resetting capability, and the SMA cable has the capability of recovering the self-deformation, so that the damping device can recover the self-deformation. The SMA negative stiffness damping device utilizes the lower convex cambered surface of the upper seat plate and the upper convex cambered surface of the lower seat plate to form a negative stiffness effect, so that the internal stress of the lower structure of the damping device is reduced.
Furthermore, the limiting SMA cable effectively limits the maximum displacement of the damping device, so that the displacement between the pier beams is reduced, and the occurrence of the falling beam seismic damage can be effectively prevented.
Furthermore, the SMA negative stiffness damping device is connected with the damper in parallel, so that a double-control target of reducing the internal force and displacement of the structure at the same time can be achieved.
Furthermore, the limiting SMA cable is connected with the upper seat plate and the lower seat plate through a spherical hinge structure, so that the limiting SMA cable is convenient to replace.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an SMA negative stiffness damping device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the SMA negative stiffness damping device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a state diagram of the SMA negative stiffness damping device of the present invention in which the upper and lower seat plates do not slide relative to each other;
FIG. 4 is a state diagram of the upper and lower seat plates sliding relative to each other in the SMA negative stiffness damping device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a spherical hinge structure in the SMA negative stiffness damping device of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a spherical hinge ball socket in the SMA negative stiffness damping device of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a limiting SMA cable and a ball head in the SMA negative stiffness damping device of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along line II-II of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken along line I-I of FIG. 7;
FIG. 10 is a connecting state diagram of a sleeve and a limiting SMA in the SMA negative stiffness damping device of the invention;
in the figure: 1-an upper seat board; 11-a downward convex arc surface; 2-a lower seat plate; 21-convex cambered surface; 3-SMA cable; 31-transverse SMA cables; 32-longitudinal SMA cables; 4-a slide block; 41-concave cambered surface; 5-limiting SMA cables; 51-SMA wire; 6-ball head; 61-perforation; 7-a ball cup seat; 71-the ball head seat single body I; 72-ball seat monomer two; 8-cable inner sleeve; 9-cable outer sleeve.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the first specific embodiment of the SMA negative-stiffness damping device of the present invention includes an upper seat plate 1, a lower seat plate 2, and a slider 4 located between the upper seat plate and the lower seat plate, where the upper seat plate 1 and the lower seat plate 2 are both rectangular plates, and the slider 4 is a cylindrical structure. The central point of the downside of going up bedplate 1 puts and has lower arch 11, and the upside face of lower bedplate 2 has last protruding cambered surface 21, and the edge of last protruding cambered surface 21 and lower protruding cambered surface 11 all is circular, and the projection of the lower protruding cambered surface 11 of going up bedplate 1 on bedplate 2 down coincides mutually with the last protruding cambered surface 21 of lower bedplate 2. The upper side surface of the slider 4 is provided with a lower concave arc surface 41 which is in concave-convex fit with the arc top part of the lower convex arc surface 11, and the lower side surface is provided with an upper concave arc surface which is in concave-convex fit with the arc top part of the upper convex arc surface 21, so that the slider 4 can slide along the lower convex arc surface 11 and the upper convex arc surface 21.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the edge of the upper seat plate 1 has a downward bent hem, and the edge of the lower seat plate 2 has an upward bent hem for limiting the sliding block 4, so as to prevent the sliding block 4 from sliding out of the gap between the upper seat plate 1 and the lower seat plate 2.
In this embodiment, the SMA negative stiffness damping device further includes an SMA cable 3 encircling between the upper seat plate 1 and the lower seat plate 2 and used for pressing the upper seat plate 1 and the lower seat plate 2 on the slider 4. The SMA cable 3 is provided with a plurality of SMA cables, each SMA cable 3 is composed of seven SMA wires with the diameter d, a part of the SMA cables 3 is a transverse SMA cable 31 arranged in parallel at intervals, and the rest part is a longitudinal SMA cable 32 arranged in parallel at intervals. The transverse SMA cables 31 and the longitudinal SMA cables 32 can generate acting force on the rectangular upper seat plate and the rectangular lower seat plate in the circumferential direction.
The SMA negative stiffness damping device also comprises a plurality of limiting SMA cables 5 connected between the upper seat plate 1 and the lower seat plate 2, wherein the limiting SMA cables 5 are circumferentially and uniformly distributed by taking points on the axis of the sliding block 4 as the circle center. As shown in fig. 7 and 8, each limiting SMA cable 5 is composed of seven SMA wires 51 with the diameter d, and as shown in fig. 9, the ball head 6 is provided with a through hole 61 for the SMA wire 51 to pass through. The end of the limiting SMA cable 5 is sleeved with a cable inner sleeve 8, and a cable outer sleeve 9 is connected between the two cable inner sleeves 8, as shown in figure 10, so that the limiting SMA cables are connected end to end. The limiting SMA cable 5 is connected with the upper seat plate 1 and the lower seat plate 2 through a spherical hinge structure. Specifically, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the ball joint structure includes a ball head 6 connected to two ends of the position-limiting SMA cable 5 and a ball head seat 7 fixed on the upper seat plate 1 and the lower seat plate 2. The ball seat 7 on the upper seat plate 1 is fixed on the outer side of the lower convex cambered surface 11, and the ball seat 7 on the lower seat plate is fixed on the outer side of the upper convex cambered surface 21.
The ball socket 7 comprises a first ball socket single body 71 and a second ball socket single body 72 which are detachably connected, and the first ball socket single body 71 and the second ball socket single body 72 are fixed on the upper seat plate 1 and the lower seat plate 2 through bolts. An accommodating cavity for accommodating the ball head 6 is formed between the first ball seat single body 71 and the second ball seat single body 72, and the second ball seat single body 72 is provided with a cable penetrating hole communicated with the accommodating cavity for the limiting SMA cable 5 to penetrate through.
In this embodiment, the limiting SMA cable 5 is U-shaped, and the U-shaped limiting SMA cable 5 is in a relaxed state when the upper seat plate 1 and the lower seat plate 2 do not slide relatively. When the upper seat plate 1 and the lower seat plate 2 slide relatively, the limiting SMA cable 5 is tensioned to limit the sliding positions of the upper seat plate 1 and the lower seat plate 2.
The principle of the SMA negative stiffness damping device is as follows: under the normal use condition, damping device is with the even transmission of structure upper portion load to the structure, plays the effect of ordinary support. When a medium and small earthquake occurs, the upper seat plate 1 and the sliding block 4 and the lower seat plate 2 and the sliding block 4 slide relatively, so that the energy is consumed by friction, the structural period is prolonged, and a good shock insulation effect is achieved. When a major earthquake occurs, besides the frictional sliding, the SMA cables 3 which surround the upper seat plate 1 and the lower seat plate 2 participate in hysteretic energy consumption, and the superelasticity of the SMA cables provides restoring force, so that the aims of reducing structural reaction and limiting support displacement are fulfilled; meanwhile, the limiting SMA cable 5 is tensioned to limit the sliding displacement of the upper seat plate 1 and the lower seat plate 2.
The upper seat plate in the SMA negative stiffness damping device is connected with a building structure, the lower seat plate is connected with a foundation structure, the gravity of the structure borne by the upper seat plate can act on the upper convex cambered surface, the gravity load can generate component force along the upper convex cambered surface in the tangential direction of the upper convex cambered surface, the component force provides acting force for the sliding block to slide downwards, and the sliding block is prevented from sliding downwards by friction force between the sliding block and the upper convex cambered surface. When the slip force is greater than the friction force, the difference between the slip force and the friction force helps the slide block to deviate from the balance position, and the slide block slides on the upper seat plate through the matching of the upper concave arc surface and the upper convex arc surface, so that the damping device generates negative rigidity.
In this embodiment, the radii of the lower convex arc surface 11 of the upper seat plate 1 and the upper convex arc surface 21 of the lower seat plate 2 depend on the magnitude of the negative stiffness required by the SMA negative stiffness damping device, and the larger the negative stiffness required by the SMA negative stiffness damping device is, the larger the radii of the lower convex arc surface 11 of the upper seat plate 1 and the upper convex arc surface 21 of the lower seat plate 2 are. The height of the sliding block 4 is related to the self-resetting capability of the SMA negative stiffness damping device, and the higher the sliding block 4 is, the stronger the self-resetting capability of the SMA negative stiffness damping device is. The length of the SMA cable 3 is determined according to the arrangement form and the initial tension of the SMA cable 3. The cross-sectional area of the SMA wire 3 is determined according to the initial tension, the arrangement and the magnitude of the required restoring force.
The SMA negative-stiffness damping device has self-resetting capability, and the SMA cable 3 has the capability of restoring the self-deformation, so that the damping device can restore the self-deformation. The SMA negative stiffness damping device utilizes the lower convex cambered surface 11 of the upper seat plate 1 and the upper convex cambered surface 21 of the lower seat plate 2 to form a negative stiffness effect, so that the internal stress of the lower structure of the damping device is reduced. The limiting SMA cable 5 effectively limits the maximum displacement of the damping device, so that the displacement between the pier beams is reduced, and the occurrence of the falling beam earthquake damage can be effectively prevented. The SMA negative stiffness damping device is connected with the damper in parallel, so that a double-control target of reducing the internal force and displacement of the structure at the same time can be achieved. The limiting SMA cable 5 is connected with the upper seat plate 1 and the lower seat plate 2 through a spherical hinge structure, so that the limiting SMA cable 5 is convenient to replace.
The second specific embodiment of the SMA negative stiffness damping device of the present invention is different from the first specific embodiment of the SMA negative stiffness damping device in that the lower side surface of the upper seat plate in this embodiment has a lower convex arc surface whose boundary is an ellipse, and the upper side surface of the lower seat plate in this embodiment has an upper convex arc surface whose boundary is an ellipse. In other embodiments, the boundary between the lower convex arc surface and the upper convex arc surface may have other shapes, so long as the sliding block can slide between the upper convex arc surface and the lower convex arc surface. The rest is the same as the first embodiment, and is not described again.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and substitutions should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The SMA negative stiffness damping device is characterized in that: the shock absorption device comprises an upper seat plate, a lower seat plate and a sliding block positioned between the upper seat plate and the lower seat plate, wherein the lower side surface of the upper seat plate is provided with a lower convex arc surface, the upper side surface of the lower seat plate is provided with an upper convex arc surface, the upper side surface of the sliding block is provided with a lower concave arc surface in concave-convex fit with the lower convex arc surface of the upper seat plate, the lower side surface of the sliding block is provided with an upper concave arc surface in concave-convex fit with the upper convex arc surface of the lower seat plate, and the shock absorption device further comprises an SMA cable which is encircled between the upper seat plate and the lower seat plate and is used for pressing the upper seat plate and the lower seat plate on the sliding block; the edge of the upper seat plate is provided with a downward bent folded edge, and the edge of the lower seat plate is provided with an upward bent folded edge for limiting the sliding block.
2. The SMA negative stiffness damping device of claim 1, wherein: and a limiting SMA cable is also arranged between the upper seat plate and the lower seat plate, the limiting SMA cable is in a loose state when the upper seat plate and the lower seat plate do not slide relatively, and the limiting SMA cable is tensioned to limit the sliding position of the upper seat plate and the lower seat plate when the upper seat plate and the lower seat plate slide relatively.
3. The SMA negative stiffness damping device of claim 2, wherein: the limiting SMA cable is connected with the upper seat plate and the lower seat plate through a spherical hinge structure.
4. The SMA negative stiffness damping device of claim 3, wherein: the spherical hinge structure comprises ball heads arranged at two ends of the limiting SMA cable and a ball head seat fixedly connected to the upper seat plate and the lower seat plate.
5. The SMA negative stiffness damping device of claim 4, wherein: the ball head seat comprises two detachably connected single bodies.
6. The SMA negative stiffness damping device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the slider is the cylindricality piece, the edge of the lower cambered surface of going up the bedplate is circular, the edge of the last cambered surface of bedplate is circular down.
7. The SMA negative stiffness damping device of claim 1, wherein: the SMA cable is provided with a plurality of SMA cables, wherein part of the plurality of SMA cables are transverse SMA cables which are arranged in parallel at intervals, and the rest part of the plurality of SMA cables are longitudinal SMA cables which are arranged in parallel at intervals.
8. The SMA negative stiffness damping device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the radian of the lower convex cambered surface of the upper seat plate is equal to that of the upper convex cambered surface of the lower seat plate.
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| CN112411762B (en) * | 2020-11-07 | 2022-03-18 | 中铁一局集团有限公司 | Rubber shock absorption and isolation system for high-rise building |
| CN112942104B (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2023-03-03 | 华北水利水电大学 | Stay cable vibration reduction device of magneto negative stiffness damper and design method |
| IT202100025130A1 (en) | 2021-09-30 | 2023-03-30 | Univ Degli Studi Roma La Sapienza | Multidirectional hysteretic negative stiffness heatsink |
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