CN110396603B - Remelting method of iron-aluminum alloy - Google Patents
Remelting method of iron-aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN110396603B CN110396603B CN201910652097.7A CN201910652097A CN110396603B CN 110396603 B CN110396603 B CN 110396603B CN 201910652097 A CN201910652097 A CN 201910652097A CN 110396603 B CN110396603 B CN 110396603B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
Abstract
The invention discloses a remelting method of iron-aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps: 1) removing an oxide layer on the surface of the original iron-aluminum alloy, and then performing cold rolling at room temperature to obtain iron-aluminum alloy powder; 2) carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on the iron-aluminum alloy powder obtained in the step 1) to remove stains attached to the surface of the iron-aluminum alloy; 3) covering a layer of neutral aluminum oxide powder on the surface of the iron-aluminum alloy powder obtained by the treatment in the step 2) to isolate air, then heating to 1220-1600 ℃ in the atmosphere of inert gas, preserving heat, and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain an iron-aluminum alloy sample; 4) and removing the aluminum oxide powder on the surface of the iron-aluminum alloy sample, and then polishing the surface of the iron-aluminum alloy sample to complete the remelting of the iron-aluminum alloy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metal materials, and relates to a remelting method of an iron-aluminum alloy.
Background
The iron-aluminum-gold alloy belongs to an intermetallic compound, has the advantages of low density, high strength, excellent high-temperature oxidation resistance and the like, does not contain noble metal elements, has lower production cost, has better ductility than a Ti-AI intermetallic compound, is expected to become a new-generation high-temperature structural material, and has important research value and wide application prospect. The iron-aluminum alloy which is put into practical production at present is Fe3Al、FeAl、FeAl2、Fe2Al5And FeAl3。
The method for preparing the iron-aluminum alloy mainly comprises a smelting method and a powder sintering method. The melting point of iron is 1535 ℃ and that of aluminium is 660 ℃ with a large difference. When elementary substances of iron and aluminum are used for smelting, liquid pure aluminum can be vigorously boiled, so that the aluminum is volatilized, components and an organization structure are not uniform, and larger pores are formed. The iron-aluminum alloy prepared by hot-pressing sintering by using a powder metallurgy method has the same pores, so that the advantages of high strength and high hardness of the iron-aluminum alloy cannot be exerted, and the use of the iron-aluminum alloy in actual production is limited.
To address this problem, it is common practice to remelt the porosity-containing raw cast iron-aluminum alloy multiple times to reduce internal porosity and to make the composition and structure uniform. Three remelting methods are commonly used: firstly, vacuum arc melting, because a water-cooled copper crucible has a larger temperature gradient, the inside of the alloy obtained by remelting is a fine crystal area, the outside is a coarse crystal area, and the uniformity of the structure is poorer; secondly, the water-cooled copper crucible is used for suspension smelting, and the method has high manufacturing cost and high smelting cost; thirdly, a vacuum tube furnace is used for preserving the heat of the block sample above the melting point, but because the heat conductivity of the iron-aluminum alloy is poor, when the method is used for remelting, if a uniform internal structure is obtained, the required heat preservation time is long, the smelting efficiency is low, and the cost is increased correspondingly.
Therefore, finding a proper process to realize the remelting of the iron-aluminum alloy with high efficiency and low cost is the key for successful popularization and application of the iron-aluminum alloy in practical production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for remelting iron-aluminum alloy, which can realize remelting of iron-aluminum alloy and has the characteristics of low cost and high efficiency.
In order to achieve the purpose, the remelting method of the iron-aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
1) removing an oxide layer on the surface of the original iron-aluminum alloy, and then performing cold rolling at room temperature to obtain iron-aluminum alloy powder;
2) carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on the iron-aluminum alloy powder obtained in the step 1) to remove stains attached to the surface of the iron-aluminum alloy;
3) covering a layer of neutral aluminum oxide powder on the surface of the iron-aluminum alloy powder obtained by the treatment in the step 2) to isolate air, then heating to 1220-1600 ℃ in the atmosphere of inert gas, preserving heat, and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain an iron-aluminum alloy sample;
4) and removing the aluminum oxide powder on the surface of the iron-aluminum alloy sample, and polishing the surface of the iron-aluminum alloy sample to complete remelting of the iron-aluminum alloy.
Polishing in the step 1) to remove an oxide layer on the surface of the original iron-aluminum alloy.
The particle size of the neutral alumina powder is 200-300 meshes.
The inert gas is argon.
The heating speed of the heating in the step 3) is 10 ℃/min.
The heat preservation time in the step 3) is 3-18 h.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
in addition, compared with the pure iron powder and the pure aluminum powder which are used as smelting raw materials, the iron-aluminum alloy has large brittleness, the powder preparation process is simple, ball milling and other processes are not needed, the iron-aluminum alloy belongs to intermetallic compounds, and the oxidation resistance is obviously superior to that of the simple substance iron powder and the simple substance aluminum powder, so the vacuum requirement is lower, and the preparation process and the cost are reduced while the high remelting efficiency is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a raw cast iron-aluminum alloy;
FIG. 2a is a schematic view of a microstructure of a raw cast iron-aluminum alloy;
FIG. 2b is an enlarged view of FIG. 2 a;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an iron-aluminum alloy powder obtained by cold rolling
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of an iron-aluminum alloy after remelting;
FIG. 5a is a schematic representation of the microstructure of an iron-aluminum alloy after remelting;
FIG. 5b is an enlarged view of FIG. 5 a;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the composition test results of an iron-aluminum alloy after remelting;
FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of microscopic Vickers hardness test indentation of an iron-aluminum alloy after remelting.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the remelting method of the iron-aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
1) removing an oxide layer on the surface of the original iron-aluminum alloy, and then performing cold rolling at room temperature to obtain iron-aluminum alloy powder;
2) carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on the iron-aluminum alloy powder obtained in the step 1) to remove stains attached to the surface of the iron-aluminum alloy;
3) covering a layer of neutral aluminum oxide powder on the surface of the iron-aluminum alloy powder obtained by the treatment in the step 2) to isolate air, then heating to 1220-1600 ℃ in the atmosphere of inert gas, preserving heat, and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain an iron-aluminum alloy sample;
4) and removing the aluminum oxide powder on the surface of the iron-aluminum alloy sample, and polishing the surface of the iron-aluminum alloy sample to complete remelting of the iron-aluminum alloy.
Polishing in the step 1) to remove an oxide layer on the surface of the original iron-aluminum alloy.
The particle size of the neutral alumina powder is 200-300 meshes.
The inert gas is argon.
The heating speed of the heating in the step 3) is 10 ℃/min.
The heat preservation time in the step 3) is 3-18 h.
Example one
For an iron-aluminum alloy with the cost of 56.4:43.6 wt.% of Fe: Al, the specific process of the invention is as follows:
1) taking a rough cast iron-aluminum alloy, referring to fig. 1, wherein the alloy components are Fe: Al 56.4:43.6 wt.%, the purity is 99.9%, the main impurity components are C, Si, Mn, P and the like, and the microstructure of the rough cast iron-aluminum alloy can be seen to contain more pores and has an uneven microstructure, referring to fig. 2a and 2 b;
2) polishing the rough cast iron-aluminum alloy containing more pores to remove a surface oxide layer, then performing cold rolling at room temperature, and forming iron-aluminum alloy powder by utilizing the brittleness of the rough cast iron-aluminum alloy, referring to fig. 3;
3) ultrasonic cleaning the iron-aluminum alloy powder by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol respectively to remove stains attached to the iron-aluminum alloy powder;
4) transferring the cleaned powder into a corundum crucible, and covering the surface with neutral alumina powder with the particle size of 200-300 meshes to isolate air;
5) feeding the sample into a tube furnace, heating to 1220-;
6) and (3) cooling the sample along with the furnace, removing aluminum oxide powder on the surface of the sample, polishing to remove an oxide layer to obtain the remelted iron-aluminum alloy, and referring to fig. 4, wherein the remelted iron-aluminum alloy is free of pores and uniform in tissue structure as can be seen from a microstructure diagram, and referring to fig. 5a and 5 b.
And (4) grinding, polishing and flattening the remelted iron-aluminum alloy, and performing component analysis after cleaning. Using a Hitachi SU6600 variable vacuum degree thermal field emission scanning electron microscope, the accelerating voltage is 15kV, the micro-area component analysis is carried out under the conditions of room temperature and vacuum and large beam current, the test result is shown in figure 6, and the component is Fe: Al which is 56.50:43.50 wt.%.
The hardness of the remelted iron-aluminum alloy is tested, the instrument used for the test is an automatic turret digital display micro Vickers hardness tester HVS-1000ZA model of Shanghai Wanheng precision instruments, Inc., the test force is 200gf, the load retention time is 15 seconds, the diagonal length is measured under an optical microscope with the magnification of 400x, the area measurement of the indentation is carried out twice, the average value is taken to reduce the human error, the test is carried out at room temperature, the test indentation is shown in figure 7, and the hardness is 728 HV.
Example two
The remelting method of the iron-aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
1) removing an oxide layer on the surface of the original iron-aluminum alloy, and then performing cold rolling at room temperature to obtain iron-aluminum alloy powder;
2) carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on the iron-aluminum alloy powder obtained in the step 1) to remove stains attached to the surface of the iron-aluminum alloy;
3) covering a layer of neutral aluminum oxide powder on the surface of the iron-aluminum alloy powder obtained by the treatment of the step 2) to isolate air, then heating to 1400 ℃ under the atmosphere of inert gas, preserving heat, and then cooling along with a furnace to obtain an iron-aluminum alloy sample;
4) and removing the aluminum oxide powder on the surface of the iron-aluminum alloy sample, and polishing the surface of the iron-aluminum alloy sample to complete remelting of the iron-aluminum alloy.
Polishing in the step 1) to remove an oxide layer on the surface of the original iron-aluminum alloy.
The particle size of the neutral alumina powder is 200-300 meshes.
The inert gas is argon.
The heating speed of the heating in the step 3) is 10 ℃/min.
The heat preservation time in the step 3) is 10 hours.
EXAMPLE III
The remelting method of the iron-aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
1) removing an oxide layer on the surface of the original iron-aluminum alloy, and then performing cold rolling at room temperature to obtain iron-aluminum alloy powder;
2) carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on the iron-aluminum alloy powder obtained in the step 1) to remove stains attached to the surface of the iron-aluminum alloy;
3) covering a layer of neutral aluminum oxide powder on the surface of the iron-aluminum alloy powder obtained by the treatment of the step 2) to isolate air, then heating to 1600 ℃ in the atmosphere of inert gas, preserving heat, and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain an iron-aluminum alloy sample;
4) and removing the aluminum oxide powder on the surface of the iron-aluminum alloy sample, and polishing the surface of the iron-aluminum alloy sample to complete remelting of the iron-aluminum alloy.
Polishing in the step 1) to remove an oxide layer on the surface of the original iron-aluminum alloy.
The particle size of the neutral alumina powder is 200-300 meshes.
The inert gas is argon.
The heating speed of the heating in the step 3) is 10 ℃/min.
The heat preservation time in the step 3) is 18 h.
Example four
The remelting method of the iron-aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
1) removing an oxide layer on the surface of the original iron-aluminum alloy, and then performing cold rolling at room temperature to obtain iron-aluminum alloy powder;
2) carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on the iron-aluminum alloy powder obtained in the step 1) to remove stains attached to the surface of the iron-aluminum alloy;
3) covering a layer of neutral aluminum oxide powder on the surface of the iron-aluminum alloy powder obtained by the treatment of the step 2) to isolate air, then heating to 1220 ℃ under the atmosphere of inert gas, preserving heat, and then cooling along with a furnace to obtain an iron-aluminum alloy sample;
4) and removing the aluminum oxide powder on the surface of the iron-aluminum alloy sample, and polishing the surface of the iron-aluminum alloy sample to complete remelting of the iron-aluminum alloy.
Polishing in the step 1) to remove an oxide layer on the surface of the original iron-aluminum alloy.
The particle size of the neutral alumina powder is 200-300 meshes.
The inert gas is argon.
The heating speed of the heating in the step 3) is 10 ℃/min.
The heat preservation time in the step 3) is 3 h.
The above description is further illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, but rather as embodying the invention in the same manner and technology within the skill of the art to which the invention pertains, and as otherwise defining the scope of the invention which is defined in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. The remelting method of the iron-aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) removing an oxide layer on the surface of the original iron-aluminum alloy, and then performing cold rolling at room temperature to obtain iron-aluminum alloy powder;
2) carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on the iron-aluminum alloy powder obtained in the step 1) to remove stains attached to the surface of the iron-aluminum alloy;
3) covering a layer of neutral aluminum oxide powder on the surface of the iron-aluminum alloy powder obtained by the treatment in the step 2) to isolate air, then heating to 1220-1600 ℃ in the atmosphere of inert gas, preserving heat, and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain an iron-aluminum alloy sample;
4) and removing the aluminum oxide powder on the surface of the iron-aluminum alloy sample, and polishing the surface of the iron-aluminum alloy sample to complete remelting of the iron-aluminum alloy.
2. The process of remelting iron aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the oxide layer on the original iron aluminum alloy surface is removed by grinding in step 1).
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the neutral alumina powder has a particle size of 200-300 mesh.
4. The method of remelting iron aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the inert gas is argon.
5. The method of remelting iron-aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the heating rate in step 3) is 10 ℃/min.
6. The method of remelting iron aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the holding time in step 3) is 3 to 18 hours.
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Citations (7)
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| KR20040102934A (en) * | 2003-05-30 | 2004-12-08 | 용현금속 주식회사 | Fe- base heat-resistant alloy having improved the high temperature oxidation resistance and the method of making the same |
| CN101230432A (en) * | 2008-02-22 | 2008-07-30 | 沈阳工业大学 | Method for preparing high-strength heat-resistant ferro-aluminium alloy parts |
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| CN101509086A (en) * | 2008-12-30 | 2009-08-19 | 毕祥玉 | Intermediate Al-Fe alloy and method of manufacturing the same |
| CN104357738A (en) * | 2014-11-06 | 2015-02-18 | 安徽瑞研新材料技术研究院有限公司 | Method for preparing Fe-Al alloy from nanometer material |
| CN106825587A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-06-13 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of method for preparing oxide dispersion intensifying ferrous alloy |
| CN108823356A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-11-16 | 甘肃东兴铝业有限公司 | A kind of production method of deoxidation alfer |
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- 2019-07-18 CN CN201910652097.7A patent/CN110396603B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20040102934A (en) * | 2003-05-30 | 2004-12-08 | 용현금속 주식회사 | Fe- base heat-resistant alloy having improved the high temperature oxidation resistance and the method of making the same |
| CN101298684A (en) * | 2008-01-11 | 2008-11-05 | 熊超 | Method for producing aluminum-Me intermediate alloy by one-step electrolysis method |
| CN101230432A (en) * | 2008-02-22 | 2008-07-30 | 沈阳工业大学 | Method for preparing high-strength heat-resistant ferro-aluminium alloy parts |
| CN101509086A (en) * | 2008-12-30 | 2009-08-19 | 毕祥玉 | Intermediate Al-Fe alloy and method of manufacturing the same |
| CN104357738A (en) * | 2014-11-06 | 2015-02-18 | 安徽瑞研新材料技术研究院有限公司 | Method for preparing Fe-Al alloy from nanometer material |
| CN106825587A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-06-13 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of method for preparing oxide dispersion intensifying ferrous alloy |
| CN108823356A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-11-16 | 甘肃东兴铝业有限公司 | A kind of production method of deoxidation alfer |
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