CN110392470A - High-power intelligent dual-inspection solar street lamp and its control method - Google Patents
High-power intelligent dual-inspection solar street lamp and its control method Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
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- H10F19/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules
- H10F19/80—Encapsulations or containers for integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, having photovoltaic cells
- H10F19/807—Double-glass encapsulation, e.g. photovoltaic cells arranged between front and rear glass sheets
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
- Y02B20/30—Semiconductor lamps, e.g. solid state lamps [SSL] light emitting diodes [LED] or organic LED [OLED]
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- Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
- Y02B20/72—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps in street lighting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于路灯照明技术领域，尤其涉及一种大功率智能双鉴太阳能路灯及其控制方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of street lamp lighting, and in particular relates to a high-power intelligent dual-screen solar street lamp and a control method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
传统路灯照明方便但非常耗电，太阳能路灯是一个相对独立的系统，不需要挖沟、埋管、放线等繁琐的预备工程，节省了人力物力和开支预算。且与常规高压钠灯相比，太阳能路灯耗电可节省4倍左右。随着我国城市化建设进程的加速以及城市基建设施建设的加快，城市对照明产品的市场需求逐渐扩大。在能源紧张的大背景下，传统照明设备耗能巨大，且存在巨大的能源浪费，明显不符合我国能源结构调整的发展方向，同时也极大的限制了照明设备的利用效率。而太阳能路灯的出现，有效地弥补了上述不足。太阳能路灯可以降低照明用电量，是节约能源的重要途径。Traditional street lighting is convenient but consumes a lot of power. Solar street lighting is a relatively independent system that does not require tedious preparations such as digging trenches, laying pipes, and laying out wires, saving manpower, material resources, and expenditure budgets. And compared with conventional high-pressure sodium lamps, solar street lamps can save about 4 times in power consumption. With the acceleration of my country's urbanization process and the acceleration of urban infrastructure construction, the market demand for lighting products in cities is gradually expanding. Under the background of energy shortage, traditional lighting equipment consumes a lot of energy and there is a huge waste of energy, which obviously does not conform to the development direction of my country's energy structure adjustment, and also greatly limits the utilization efficiency of lighting equipment. The emergence of solar street lamps has effectively made up for the above shortcomings. Solar street lights can reduce lighting power consumption and are an important way to save energy.
路灯照明一般在夜间或阴雨天进行，因此太阳能路灯的工作方式为：太阳能电池在控制器控制下通过充电路在白天为蓄电池充电，而在夜间或连续阴雨天气里蓄电池在控制器控制下通过放电/驱动电路启动路灯并调节亮度。在太阳能路灯系统中，太阳能板的使用寿命可达25年以上，灯杆的使用寿命也可超过30年，太阳能灯控制器工作稳定且故障率极低，LED光源使用寿命为10万小时左右，按每天工作8小时计，可工作34年以上。而目前普通采用的免维护铅酸蓄电池，其寿命一般为2到3年，因此，蓄电池的使用寿命基本上代表了太阳能路灯的阶段性寿命，在设计配置路灯系统时，要考虑蓄电池的承受能力。Street lighting is generally carried out at night or in rainy days, so the working method of solar street lights is: the solar battery charges the battery during the day through the charging circuit under the control of the controller, and the battery is discharged under the control of the controller at night or in continuous rainy weather. / drive circuit to start the street lights and adjust the brightness. In the solar street light system, the service life of the solar panel can reach more than 25 years, and the service life of the light pole can also exceed 30 years. The solar light controller works stably and has an extremely low failure rate. The service life of the LED light source is about 100,000 hours. Calculated by working 8 hours a day, you can work for more than 34 years. At present, the maintenance-free lead-acid batteries commonly used generally have a service life of 2 to 3 years. Therefore, the service life of the battery basically represents the phased life of the solar street lamp. When designing and configuring the street lamp system, the bearing capacity of the battery should be considered. .
目前，太阳能LED路灯主要存在的问题是：(1)LED路灯每天的工作时间应与一般路灯的工作要求大致相同，冬天日照时间短或连续阴雨天易使LED灯缺乏电能而无法使用，在设计时应充分考虑太阳能光伏组件及储能蓄电池的容量。基于储能蓄电池成本相对较高的现状，以及产品实际安装使用的要求，在有限产品尺寸下太阳能电池的发电效率需要进一步提高，从而降低度电成本。(2)现有的大功率LED照明灯具采用“芯片一铝基板一散热器三层结构模式”，该结构虽然技术成熟、改进相对容易，但结构内部接触热阻多、散热效率低，LED芯片在发光的同时也会发散出大量的热量，使LED工作温度升高，已有测试表明，LED工作温度每升高10℃，就会出现5％～8％的光衰，进而缩短LED寿命，因此大量的热量易使LED工作温度升高造成较大光衰，必须采用及时有效的散热设备。此外，采用大功率照明中储能蓄电池容量相应较高，其在高温、高湿条件下使用安全性随之较低，市场中普遍使用的蓄电池寿命一般为2～3年，大大增加了产品使用后期的维护费用。(3)太阳能路灯多为分体式设计且大多使用铅酸蓄电池，安装维护不便，整体寿命约为3年左右。(4)现有的太阳能路灯探测器采用微波探测器，其灵敏度低，误报率高，安装使用难度大，能量消耗高，且其在过大、过厚特别是金属后面存在探测盲区，易对缓慢移动目标漏报，易受电源及热电噪音或雷达干扰等问题。At present, the main problems of solar LED street lights are: (1) The daily working hours of LED street lights should be roughly the same as the work requirements of general street lights. In winter, short sunshine hours or continuous rainy days will easily make LED lights lack of power and cannot be used. The capacity of solar photovoltaic modules and energy storage batteries should be fully considered. Based on the relatively high cost of energy storage batteries and the actual installation and use requirements of the product, the power generation efficiency of solar cells needs to be further improved under the limited product size, so as to reduce the cost of electricity. (2) The existing high-power LED lighting fixtures adopt a "chip-aluminum substrate-radiator three-layer structure model". Although this structure is mature in technology and relatively easy to improve, it has a large internal contact thermal resistance and low heat dissipation efficiency. While emitting light, a large amount of heat will also be emitted, which will increase the operating temperature of the LED. Existing tests have shown that for every 10°C increase in the operating temperature of the LED, there will be a 5% to 8% light decay, which will shorten the life of the LED. Therefore, a large amount of heat is easy to increase the working temperature of the LED and cause a large light decay, so timely and effective heat dissipation equipment must be used. In addition, the capacity of energy storage batteries used in high-power lighting is relatively high, and their safety in use under high-temperature and high-humidity conditions is lower. The battery life generally used in the market is generally 2 to 3 years, which greatly increases the use of products. Later maintenance costs. (3) Solar street lamps are mostly split design and mostly use lead-acid batteries, which is inconvenient to install and maintain, and the overall lifespan is about 3 years. (4) Existing solar street light detectors use microwave detectors, which have low sensitivity, high false alarm rate, difficult installation and use, and high energy consumption, and there are detection blind spots behind them that are too large and too thick, especially behind metal, which is easy to detect. False reporting of slow moving targets, vulnerable to power supply and thermoelectric noise or radar interference and other issues.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对上述背景技术中指出的不足，本发明提供了一种大功率智能双鉴太阳能路灯及其控制方法。Aiming at the deficiencies pointed out in the above-mentioned background technology, the present invention provides a high-power intelligent double-check solar street lamp and a control method thereof.
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
一种大功率智能双鉴太阳能路灯的控制方法，包括如下步骤：A method for controlling high-power intelligent dual-approved solar street lamps, comprising the following steps:
在路灯腔体上安装双面太阳能电池组件，所述双面太阳能电池组件的正面接收太阳能直接辐射，反面接收太阳能散射辐射，路灯腔体中设置的智能控制器通过采样电路检测双面太阳能电池组件的发电电压，当检测到的发电电压较大时，光线充足，智能控制器控制DC/DC变换器以最大功率跟踪即MPPT对蓄电池充电；当检测到的发电电压接近于零时，光线不足，停止MPPT，同时智能控制器输出PWM信号控制LED灯的亮度，通过低压直流方式由蓄电池为LED灯供电；LED灯点亮特定的时间后，智能控制器控制LED灯启动半功率照明模式，同时，智能控制器控制微波感应器电路和红外感应器电路同时或单独启用，微波感应器电路和红外感应器电路将探测到的目标信号传输至智能控制器，当智能控制器接收的目标信号为有探测目标信号时，智能控制器控制LED灯启动全功率模式，当智能控制器接收的信号为无探测目标信号时，智能控制器控制LED灯恢复半功率模式。Install double-sided solar cell components on the street lamp cavity. The front side of the double-sided solar cell component receives solar direct radiation, and the back side receives solar scattered radiation. The intelligent controller installed in the street lamp cavity detects the double-sided solar cell component through a sampling circuit. When the detected power generation voltage is relatively high, the light is sufficient, and the intelligent controller controls the DC/DC converter to charge the battery with maximum power tracking (MPPT); when the detected power generation voltage is close to zero, the light is insufficient, Stop MPPT, at the same time, the intelligent controller outputs PWM signal to control the brightness of the LED light, and the battery supplies power to the LED light through low-voltage direct current; after the LED light is lit for a specific time, the intelligent controller controls the LED light to start the half-power lighting mode, at the same time, The intelligent controller controls the microwave sensor circuit and the infrared sensor circuit to be activated simultaneously or separately. The microwave sensor circuit and the infrared sensor circuit transmit the detected target signal to the intelligent controller. When the target signal received by the intelligent controller is detected When the target signal is detected, the intelligent controller controls the LED light to start the full power mode, and when the signal received by the intelligent controller is no detection target signal, the intelligent controller controls the LED light to resume the half power mode.
优选地，在太阳路灯腔体内采用主动散热和被动散热相结合的散热方式，所述主动散热采用在太阳路灯腔体内安装风扇，通过可调式温度控制器控制风扇的转速对LED灯和蓄电池进行散热，所述被动散热采用在路灯腔体的内壁与蓄电池的外壳之间使用绝缘导热硅胶粘贴平板微热管散热片对LED灯和蓄电池进行散热。Preferably, a heat dissipation method combining active heat dissipation and passive heat dissipation is adopted in the cavity of the solar street lamp. The active heat dissipation adopts a fan installed in the cavity of the solar street lamp, and the speed of the fan is controlled by an adjustable temperature controller to dissipate heat from the LED lamp and the battery , the passive heat dissipation adopts heat dissipation of the LED lamp and the battery by using insulating and heat-conducting silica gel pasted with a flat plate micro-heat pipe heat sink between the inner wall of the street lamp cavity and the shell of the battery.
优选地，所述双面太阳能电池组件的发电电压的采样电路采用电阻分压采样。Preferably, the sampling circuit of the generated voltage of the double-sided solar cell module adopts resistance voltage division sampling.
优选地，所述智能控制器采用STC12C5A60S2单片机，所述红外感应器电路包括热释电传感器和BIS0001芯片，所述微波感应器电路包括微波感应人体传感器TX982和CD4011集成电路。Preferably, the intelligent controller adopts STC12C5A60S2 single-chip microcomputer, the infrared sensor circuit includes a pyroelectric sensor and a BIS0001 chip, and the microwave sensor circuit includes a microwave induction human body sensor TX982 and a CD4011 integrated circuit.
优选地，所述蓄电池采用磷酸铁锂电池。Preferably, the storage battery is a lithium iron phosphate battery.
本发明进一步提供了一种大功率智能双鉴太阳能路灯，包括双面太阳能电池组件、LED灯和路灯腔体，所述双面太阳能电池组件包括密封于两片玻璃之间的太阳能电池片，双面太阳能电池组件设置于路灯腔体顶面，所述LED灯设置于路灯腔体的底面，所述路灯腔体中设置蓄电池、智能控制器、微波感应器及红外感应器，所述智能控制器与蓄电池、微波感应器、红外感应器及太阳能电池片电连接，所述智能控制器上通过驱动电路连接有DC/DC变换器，所述DC/DC变换器的能量输入端和输出端分别与太阳能电池片和蓄电池电连接，所述蓄电池与LED灯连接。The present invention further provides a high-power intelligent dual-screen solar street lamp, which includes a double-sided solar cell assembly, an LED lamp and a street lamp cavity. The double-sided solar cell assembly includes solar cells sealed between two pieces of glass. The surface solar cell assembly is arranged on the top surface of the street lamp cavity, the LED lamp is arranged on the bottom surface of the street lamp cavity, and a battery, an intelligent controller, a microwave sensor and an infrared sensor are arranged in the street lamp cavity, and the intelligent controller It is electrically connected with the storage battery, microwave sensor, infrared sensor and solar cells. The intelligent controller is connected with a DC/DC converter through a drive circuit, and the energy input and output terminals of the DC/DC converter are respectively connected to the The solar cells are electrically connected to the storage battery, and the storage battery is connected to the LED lamp.
优选地，所述路灯腔体中设置有风扇和可调式温度控制器，所述可调式温度控制器与风扇连接，所述路灯腔体的内壁与蓄电池的外壳之间通过绝缘导热硅胶贴有平板微热管散热片，靠近蓄电池的路灯腔体壁上设有蓄电池仓散热孔。Preferably, the street lamp cavity is provided with a fan and an adjustable temperature controller, the adjustable temperature controller is connected to the fan, and a flat plate is pasted between the inner wall of the street lamp cavity and the shell of the battery through insulating and heat-conducting silica gel Micro-heat pipe cooling fins are provided with heat dissipation holes in the battery compartment on the wall of the street lamp cavity close to the battery.
优选地，所述平板微热管散热片内设有微槽群结构。Preferably, a micro-groove group structure is arranged in the fin of the flat micro-heat pipe.
优选地，所述双面太阳能电池组件可拆卸地安装于路灯腔体外部。Preferably, the double-sided solar cell assembly is detachably installed outside the cavity of the street lamp.
优选地，所述驱动电路采用隔离型B1215LS和FOD3181驱动开关管。Preferably, the drive circuit uses isolated B1215LS and FOD3181 to drive the switch tube.
相比于现有技术的缺点和不足，本发明具有以下有益效果：Compared with the shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1)路灯采用多种控制逻辑智能集成，路灯控制器采用了智能能量管理控制方式，可根据储能蓄电池电量智能调节LED照明功率，以保证设定的有效照明工作时间；以微波探测主导、红外探测辅助，并使用智能复合控制策略的方式控制照明模式，以实现准确探测和节电功能，双探测器也可各自单独启用；灯具的启停和亮度通过光感应控制、光电控制与时间控制，可满足不同照明需求；MPPT充电管理控制方式，提高了蓄电池的充电效率。(1) The street lamp adopts intelligent integration of multiple control logics. The street lamp controller adopts an intelligent energy management control method, which can intelligently adjust the LED lighting power according to the energy storage battery power to ensure the set effective lighting working time; dominated by microwave detection, Infrared detection is assisted, and the intelligent composite control strategy is used to control the lighting mode to achieve accurate detection and power saving functions. The dual detectors can also be activated separately; the start-stop and brightness of the lamps are controlled by light induction, photoelectric control and time control , can meet different lighting needs; MPPT charging management control method improves the charging efficiency of the battery.
(2)灯体中散热方式采用主动散热和被动散热相结合的方式，主动式散热为加装风扇扰流散热，并使用可调式温度控制器来控制扰流风扇运行；被动式散热采用低热阻平板微热管散热片通过绝缘导热硅胶材料紧密贴于均温铝基板和蓄电池外壳上，同时，使用“过热点分区隔离”设计，使LED灯和蓄电池等发热或热敏感部件合理分区布局，防止内部小区域内形成明显的温差梯度，确保整机无局部过热点。(2) The heat dissipation method in the lamp body adopts a combination of active heat dissipation and passive heat dissipation. The active heat dissipation is to install fan spoiler heat dissipation, and use an adjustable temperature controller to control the operation of the spoiler fan; passive heat dissipation adopts a low thermal resistance plate The heat sink of the micro heat pipe is closely attached to the uniform temperature aluminum substrate and the battery shell through the insulating and heat-conducting silicone material. An obvious temperature gradient is formed in the area to ensure that the whole machine has no local hot spots.
(3)双玻封装的双面太阳能电池组件具有高可靠性，其强度好、抗载荷能力高，可抗紫外辐射老化和隐裂，太阳能电池片密封于两层玻璃中间可以有效防水透，无需额外加装防水保护装置，不存在电池与外界金属导体的漏电通路，避免了太阳能电池片产生电位诱发衰减及氧化损坏，在各种恶劣环境下(高温、潮湿、酸碱、盐雾和沙尘)性能良好，防火性能优良，延长了使用寿命。其中，双玻封装的双面电池光伏组件可独立安装使用，以应对特殊服役条件下的朝向调节需求。(3) The double-sided solar cell module encapsulated by double glass has high reliability, good strength, high load resistance, and can resist ultraviolet radiation aging and cracks. The solar cell is sealed between two layers of glass, which can be effectively waterproof and transparent An additional waterproof protection device is installed, and there is no leakage path between the battery and the external metal conductor, which avoids the potential-induced attenuation and oxidation damage of the solar cell. ) good performance, excellent fire performance, prolonging the service life. Among them, double-sided cell photovoltaic modules encapsulated in double glass can be installed and used independently to meet the orientation adjustment requirements under special service conditions.
(4)太阳能灯使用高效双玻封装的双面电池光伏组件、超长寿命的磷酸铁锂电池、大功率高光效LED(≥100W)、智能控制器、红外感应器和微波感应器，并进行一体式设计和封装，利用高效光源，在提高照明时间、改善照明效果的同时，降低系统成本。(4) Solar lamps use high-efficiency double-glass encapsulated double-sided battery photovoltaic modules, ultra-long-life lithium iron phosphate batteries, high-power and high-efficiency LEDs (≥100W), intelligent controllers, infrared sensors and microwave sensors, and conduct Integrated design and packaging, using high-efficiency light sources, while increasing lighting time and improving lighting effects, reduce system costs.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明实施例提供的大功率智能双鉴太阳能路灯的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-power intelligent dual-approval solar street lamp provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
图2是本发明实施例提供的大功率智能双鉴太阳能路灯的电路控制框图。Fig. 2 is a circuit control block diagram of a high-power intelligent double-check solar street lamp provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
图3是本发明实施例提供的STC12C5A60S2单片机的控制电路图。Fig. 3 is a control circuit diagram of the STC12C5A60S2 microcontroller provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
图4是本发明实施例提供的单片机供电电源电路图。Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of a power supply for a single-chip microcomputer provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
图5是本发明实施例提供的电压采集电路及DC/DC电路图。Fig. 5 is a diagram of a voltage acquisition circuit and a DC/DC circuit provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
图6是本发明实施例提供的驱动电路图。FIG. 6 is a diagram of a driving circuit provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
图7是本发明实施例提供的电流采集电路图。Fig. 7 is a circuit diagram of a current acquisition provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
图8是本发明实施例提供的红外感应器的电路图。Fig. 8 is a circuit diagram of an infrared sensor provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
图9是本发明实施例提供的微波感应器的电路图。Fig. 9 is a circuit diagram of a microwave sensor provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
图10是本发明实施例提供的PWM调光实现全功率/半功率模式的电路图。Fig. 10 is a circuit diagram of realizing full power/half power mode by PWM dimming provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
图中：1-路灯腔体；2-双面太阳能电池组件；3-蓄电池；4-LED灯；5-智能控制器；6-红外感应器；7-路灯系统开关；8-蓄电池仓散热孔；9-固定支架；10-微波感应器；10-微波感应器；11-电缆线；12-航空插头。In the figure: 1-street lamp cavity; 2-double-sided solar cell module; 3-battery; 4-LED light; 5-intelligent controller; 6-infrared sensor; 7-street lamp system switch; ; 9-fixed bracket; 10-microwave sensor; 10-microwave sensor; 11-cable; 12-aviation plug.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention.
参照图1，本发明提供的大功率智能双鉴太阳能路灯，包括双面太阳能电池组件2、LED灯4和路灯腔体1，路灯腔体1的外壳采用铝合金材质，重量小，机械性能和散热性能好。双面太阳能电池组件2设置于路灯腔体1的顶面，双面太阳能电池组件2包括密封于两片玻璃之间的太阳能电池片，双面太阳能电池组件2可利用组件两面接收太阳能辐射，组件正面接收太阳能直接辐射，组件反面接收太阳能散射辐射，因此，双面太阳能电池组件2能显著提高光伏发电的产能。该双面太阳能电池组件2在低光照和弱光照时转换效率较高，等效组件效率达到24.5％，最大输出功率可达到标称功率的132％，可降低25％以上的系统成本；同时，双玻封装的双面组件具有高可靠性，其强度好、抗载荷能力高，可抗紫外辐射老化和隐裂，太阳能电池片密封于两层玻璃中间可以有效防水透，不存在电池与外界金属导体的漏电通路，避免了太阳能电池片产生电位诱发衰减(PID，Potential InducedDegradation)及氧化损坏，在各种恶劣环境下(高温、潮湿、酸碱、盐雾和沙尘)性能良好，防火性能优良，延长了使用寿命。其中，双玻封装的双面电池光伏组件可独立安装使用，以应对特殊服役条件下的朝向调节需求。Referring to Fig. 1 , the high-power intelligent dual-recognition solar street lamp provided by the present invention includes a double-sided solar cell assembly 2, an LED lamp 4 and a street lamp cavity 1. The outer shell of the street lamp cavity 1 is made of aluminum alloy, which is light in weight and has excellent mechanical properties. Good heat dissipation performance. The double-sided solar cell assembly 2 is arranged on the top surface of the street lamp cavity 1. The double-sided solar cell assembly 2 includes solar cells sealed between two pieces of glass. The double-sided solar cell assembly 2 can receive solar radiation on both sides of the assembly. The assembly The front side receives solar direct radiation, and the reverse side of the module receives solar scattered radiation, therefore, the double-sided solar cell module 2 can significantly increase the production capacity of photovoltaic power generation. The double-sided solar cell module 2 has a high conversion efficiency under low light and weak light, the equivalent module efficiency reaches 24.5%, the maximum output power can reach 132% of the nominal power, and the system cost can be reduced by more than 25%. At the same time, Double-sided modules with double-glass encapsulation have high reliability, good strength, high load resistance, and anti-ultraviolet radiation aging and cracking. The solar cell is sealed between two layers of glass, which can be effectively waterproof and transparent, and there is no battery and external metal. The leakage path of the conductor avoids the potential induced degradation (PID, Potential Induced Degradation) and oxidation damage of the solar cell, and has good performance in various harsh environments (high temperature, humidity, acid and alkali, salt spray and sand dust), and excellent fire resistance , prolong the service life. Among them, double-sided cell photovoltaic modules encapsulated in double glass can be installed and used independently to meet the orientation adjustment requirements under special service conditions.
路灯腔体1上设置有航空插头12，路灯腔体1中设置蓄电池3、智能控制器5、微波感应器10及红外感应器6，太阳能电池片通过电缆线11接入航空插头12后与智能控制器5连接，智能控制器5与蓄电池3、微波感应器10、红外感应器6及太阳能电池片电连接，智能控制器5上通过驱动电路连接有DC/DC变换器，驱动电路采用具有的隔离作用的B1215LS和FOD3181来驱动开关管，满足MOS管工作的要求，其电路图如图6所示。DC/DC变换器的能量输入端和输出端分别与太阳能电池片和蓄电池3电连接，蓄电池3与LED灯4连接，LED灯4设置于路灯腔体1的底面。LED灯4可采用大功率LED光源(≥100W)，光效率更高(接近白炽灯的两倍)，寿命更长(可达到100000h以上)，通过磷酸铁锂电池以低压直流为LED光源供电，安全而且光源控制成本低，这也使得LED灯4调节明暗和频繁开关成为可能。蓄电池3采用磷酸铁锂电池，其高温性能好(热峰值可达500℃)，工作温度范围宽(-20℃至+75℃)，安全性高，由于太阳能路灯在实际使用中，蓄电池3常处于充电或放电不完全的状态下，采用磷酸铁锂电池可有效避免常规镍氢、镍镉电池固有的记忆效应。同时，较长寿命铅酸电池500次循环寿命，磷酸铁锂电池循环寿命可达2000次以上，理论寿命可达7到8年，性价比为铅酸电池的4倍以上，本发明太阳能路灯内置大容量磷酸铁锂电池储能，不需要外接电源，充满电后可进行10小时以上的照明。路灯腔体1上设置有路灯系统开关7，控制路灯系统的启动或停止。The street lamp cavity 1 is provided with an aviation plug 12, and the street lamp cavity 1 is provided with a storage battery 3, an intelligent controller 5, a microwave sensor 10 and an infrared sensor 6. The controller 5 is connected, the intelligent controller 5 is electrically connected with the storage battery 3, the microwave sensor 10, the infrared sensor 6 and the solar cells, and the intelligent controller 5 is connected with a DC/DC converter through a driving circuit, and the driving circuit adopts a The isolated B1215LS and FOD3181 are used to drive the switching tube to meet the working requirements of the MOS tube. The circuit diagram is shown in Figure 6. The energy input end and output end of the DC/DC converter are respectively electrically connected to the solar cells and the storage battery 3 , the storage battery 3 is connected to the LED lamp 4 , and the LED lamp 4 is arranged on the bottom surface of the street lamp cavity 1 . LED lamp 4 can adopt high-power LED light source (≥100W), with higher luminous efficiency (close to twice that of incandescent lamp), longer life (up to 100,000 hours or more), and low-voltage DC power supply for LED light source through lithium iron phosphate battery. Safety and low cost of light source control also make it possible for the LED lamp 4 to be dimmed and switched frequently. Battery 3 adopts lithium iron phosphate battery, which has good high-temperature performance (heat peak can reach 500°C), wide operating temperature range (-20°C to +75°C), and high safety. Due to the actual use of solar street lamps, battery 3 often In the state of incomplete charge or discharge, the use of lithium iron phosphate batteries can effectively avoid the inherent memory effect of conventional nickel-metal hydride and nickel-cadmium batteries. At the same time, the cycle life of lead-acid battery with longer life is 500 times, the cycle life of lithium iron phosphate battery can reach more than 2000 times, the theoretical life can reach 7 to 8 years, and the cost performance is more than 4 times that of lead-acid battery. The high-capacity lithium iron phosphate battery stores energy, no external power supply is required, and it can be used for lighting for more than 10 hours after being fully charged. The street lamp cavity 1 is provided with a street lamp system switch 7 to control the start or stop of the street lamp system.
本发明大功率智能双鉴太阳能路灯的电路控制框图如图2所示，通过智能控制器5监测双面太阳能电池组件的发电电压，智能控制器5可采用STC12C5A60S2单片机(电路如图3所示)，单片机的供电电源电路图如图4所示。太阳能电池片电压采样电路采用电阻分压采样，电流采样电路通过康铜丝电阻采样的电压信号经过集成运放LM358的放大，输入到单片机中，进行数据的处理和控制。智能控制器5通过采样电路自动检测太阳能电池片的发电电压，根据发电电压的大小判断环境光照强度以控制路灯的工作状态，当发电电压较大时，光线充足，智能控制器5控制DC/DC变换器以最大功率跟踪即MPPT对蓄电池3充电(电路图参照图5和图7)，其最大功率点追踪功能可最大程度保证太阳能电池板输出效率，DC/DC变换器接在光伏阵列和负载之间，通过控制电压将不可控的直流输入变为可控的直流输出的一种变换电路，通过调节该电路的占空比来改变光伏阵列的输出阻抗，从而寻求输出电流与输出电压的乘积即最大输出功率。当智能控制器5经由采样电路检测到太阳能光伏板发出的电压接近于零时，光线不足，接入路灯，开始计时，同时停止MPPT，智能控制器5输出PWM信号控制LED灯的亮度，通过低压直流方式由蓄电池为LED灯4供电；LED灯4点亮特定的时间后，通常为6h左右，此时大约已过凌晨12点，智能控制器5控制LED灯4启动半功率照明模式，PWM调光实现全功率/半功率模式的电路图如图10所示。同时，智能控制器5控制微波感应器电路10和红外感应器6电路同时或单独启用，微波感应器10电路(如图9所示)和红外感应器6电路(如图8所示)将探测到的目标信号(例如探测到有人或者车辆靠近)传输至智能控制器5，当智能控制器5接收的目标信号为有探测目标信号时，智能控制器5控制LED灯4启动全功率模式，当智能控制器5接收的信号为无探测目标信号时，智能控制器5控制LED灯4启动半功率模式。其中，红外感应器6电路主要由热释电传感器、BIS0001芯片、工作方式选择开关SW等外接元器件组成。微波感应器10电路由高可靠的微波感应人体传感器TX982和CD4011集成电路组成，可自动识别周围环境光的亮度，并且不会受自身灯光的干扰。该产品以恒电流控制LED光源，大大延长了照明时间和系统寿命，配合大容量储能电池，有效解决了普通太阳能路灯在冬季和阴天不能满足用户使用长时间要求的问题。The circuit control block diagram of the high-power intelligent dual-appreciation solar street lamp of the present invention is as shown in Figure 2, and the power generation voltage of the double-sided solar cell assembly is monitored by an intelligent controller 5, and the intelligent controller 5 can adopt a STC12C5A60S2 single-chip microcomputer (circuit as shown in Figure 3) , The power supply circuit diagram of the microcontroller is shown in Figure 4. The solar cell voltage sampling circuit adopts resistor divider sampling, and the voltage signal sampled by the current sampling circuit through the constantan wire resistance is amplified by the integrated operational amplifier LM358, and input to the single-chip microcomputer for data processing and control. The intelligent controller 5 automatically detects the power generation voltage of the solar cells through the sampling circuit, and judges the ambient light intensity according to the magnitude of the power generation voltage to control the working state of the street lamp. The converter charges the battery 3 with maximum power tracking (MPPT) (see Figure 5 and Figure 7 for the circuit diagram). Its maximum power point tracking function can maximize the output efficiency of the solar panel. The DC/DC converter is connected between the photovoltaic array and the load. During the period, a conversion circuit that changes the uncontrollable DC input into a controllable DC output by controlling the voltage, changes the output impedance of the photovoltaic array by adjusting the duty cycle of the circuit, and seeks the product of the output current and the output voltage, namely maximum output power. When the intelligent controller 5 detects that the voltage emitted by the solar photovoltaic panel is close to zero through the sampling circuit, the light is insufficient, the street lamp is connected, the timing is started, and the MPPT is stopped at the same time. The intelligent controller 5 outputs a PWM signal to control the brightness of the LED lamp. In the DC mode, the battery supplies power to the LED lamp 4; after the LED lamp 4 is lit for a specific time, usually about 6 hours, at this time about 12 o'clock in the morning, the intelligent controller 5 controls the LED lamp 4 to start the half-power lighting mode, PWM adjustment The circuit diagram of optical realization of full power/half power mode is shown in Figure 10. Simultaneously, intelligent controller 5 controls microwave sensor circuit 10 and infrared sensor 6 circuits to enable simultaneously or separately, and microwave sensor 10 circuit (as shown in Figure 9) and infrared sensor 6 circuits (as shown in Figure 8) will detect The target signal (such as detecting people or vehicles approaching) is transmitted to the intelligent controller 5. When the target signal received by the intelligent controller 5 is a detection target signal, the intelligent controller 5 controls the LED lamp 4 to start the full power mode. When the signal received by the intelligent controller 5 is no detection target signal, the intelligent controller 5 controls the LED lamp 4 to start the half-power mode. Among them, the infrared sensor 6 circuit is mainly composed of pyroelectric sensor, BIS0001 chip, working mode selection switch SW and other external components. Microwave sensor 10 circuit is composed of highly reliable microwave sensor body sensor TX982 and CD4011 integrated circuit, which can automatically recognize the brightness of ambient light without being interfered by its own light. This product uses a constant current to control the LED light source, which greatly prolongs the lighting time and system life. With the large-capacity energy storage battery, it effectively solves the problem that ordinary solar street lights cannot meet the long-term use requirements of users in winter and cloudy days.
目前采用的大功率LED照明灯具一般采用“芯片一铝基板一散热器三层结构模式”，即先将芯片封装在基板上形成LED光源模块，然后将光源模块安置在散热器上制造成大功率LED照明灯具。该结构优点是技术成熟、结构改进相对容易，缺点是结构内部接触热阻多、散热效率低，要使LED芯片释放出来的热量有效地传导和散出，须在降低系统热阻方面加以改进。基于此，本发明在路灯腔体1中设置风扇和可调式温度控制器，可调式温度控制器与风扇连接，在路灯腔体1的内壁与蓄电池3的外壳之间通过绝缘导热硅胶贴有平板微热管散热片，靠近蓄电池3的路灯腔体1壁上设有蓄电池仓散热孔8。本发明通过采用主动+被动式复合散热技术对LED光源和蓄电池进行散热，主动式散热为加装风扇扰流散热，并使用可调式温度控制器来控制风扇运行，大大改善了路灯散热效果，风扇的扰流作用可改善路灯腔体1内部热点和提升腔体散热能力，另外，扰流风扇在路灯腔体内部，基本不存在防护问题，即使失效，对整体散热能力和照明功率影响不大。被动式散热：一方面采用了低热阻平板微热管散热片与绝缘导热硅胶材料配合的导热散热系统，其中，平板微热管散热片表观热传导率是同样金属材质热传导率的5000倍以上，是具有同样断面积的传统圆形热管的换热能力的10倍，其与常规热管主要区别在于微热管内单位蒸汽流量的壁面比表面积提高，可实现传热的强化，而且每个微热管内有微槽群结构，使用可靠性远高于连通结构热管。绝缘导热硅胶具有较好的柔韧性、优良的绝缘性、压缩性、表面天然的粘性，能够填充缝隙，完成发热部位与散热部位之间的热传递，同时还起到绝缘、减震、密封等作用。平板微热管散热片通过绝缘导热硅胶贴于LED灯的均温铝基板和蓄电池外壳上，使散热片与均温铝基板、蓄电池外壳充分接触并排出空气，保持了很低的结构热阻，更好地将热量导出通过散热片散发出去，其具有导热系数高、导热均匀且稳定的特点。另一方面，进一步强化自然散热，使用“过热点分区隔离”设计，使LED灯和蓄电池等热敏感部件合理布局，在散热设计中充分考虑温差分布均衡，防止内部小区域内形成明显的温差梯度，确保整机无局部过热点，以提高产品对不同气候条件的适应性和散热可靠性，进而延长了灯的使用寿命。The current high-power LED lighting fixtures generally adopt the "chip-aluminum substrate-radiator three-layer structure model", that is, the chip is first packaged on the substrate to form an LED light source module, and then the light source module is placed on the radiator to manufacture a high-power LED lighting fixtures. The advantage of this structure is that the technology is mature and the structure improvement is relatively easy. The disadvantage is that the internal contact thermal resistance of the structure is large and the heat dissipation efficiency is low. In order to effectively conduct and dissipate the heat released by the LED chip, improvements must be made in reducing the system thermal resistance. Based on this, the present invention arranges a fan and an adjustable temperature controller in the street lamp cavity 1, the adjustable temperature controller is connected to the fan, and a flat plate is pasted between the inner wall of the street lamp cavity 1 and the shell of the battery 3 through insulating and heat-conducting silica gel. Micro heat pipe cooling fins are provided with cooling holes 8 for the storage battery compartment on the wall of the street lamp cavity 1 close to the storage battery 3 . The invention adopts the active + passive compound heat dissipation technology to dissipate heat from the LED light source and the storage battery. The active heat dissipation is the addition of a fan to turbulence heat dissipation, and an adjustable temperature controller is used to control the operation of the fan, which greatly improves the heat dissipation effect of the street lamp. The turbulence effect can improve the hot spots inside the street lamp cavity 1 and improve the heat dissipation capacity of the cavity. In addition, the turbulence fan is inside the street lamp cavity, so there is basically no protection problem. Even if it fails, it has little effect on the overall heat dissipation capacity and lighting power. Passive heat dissipation: On the one hand, it adopts a heat conduction and heat dissipation system with low thermal resistance flat micro-heat pipe heat sink and insulating and heat-conducting silicone material. The cross-sectional area of the traditional circular heat pipe has 10 times the heat exchange capacity. The main difference between it and the conventional heat pipe is that the specific surface area of the wall surface per unit steam flow in the micro heat pipe is increased, which can realize the enhancement of heat transfer, and there are micro grooves in each micro heat pipe Group structure, the reliability of use is much higher than that of connected structure heat pipes. Insulating and heat-conducting silica gel has good flexibility, excellent insulation, compressibility, and natural stickiness on the surface, which can fill gaps, complete heat transfer between heating parts and heat dissipation parts, and also play insulation, shock absorption, sealing, etc. effect. The heat sink of the flat micro-heat pipe is pasted on the uniform temperature aluminum substrate of the LED lamp and the battery case through insulating and heat-conducting silica gel, so that the heat sink is fully in contact with the uniform temperature aluminum substrate and the battery case and exhausts air, maintaining a very low structural thermal resistance, and more The heat is well exported and dissipated through the heat sink, which has the characteristics of high thermal conductivity, uniform and stable heat conduction. On the other hand, the natural heat dissipation is further strengthened, and the "hot spot isolation" design is used to rationally arrange heat-sensitive components such as LED lights and batteries. The heat dissipation design fully considers the balanced distribution of temperature differences to prevent the formation of obvious temperature gradients in small internal areas. Ensure that there is no local hot spot in the whole machine, so as to improve the adaptability of the product to different climatic conditions and the reliability of heat dissipation, thereby prolonging the service life of the lamp.
本发明中探测技术采用微波探测主导、红外探测辅助，并使用智能复合控制策略控制照明方式。微波探测器和红外探测器可单独启用，也可全部启用实现双测。当路灯进入微波和红外双测工作状态时，无人、车情况下灯具进入半功率照明模式，当人、车等接近时，任一探测器(微波或红外)发现目标后启动路灯的全功率照明模式，人、车停止在路灯照明区期间，任一探测器(微波或红外)有探测目标反馈都可控制保持路灯全功率照明；人、车离开路灯照明区一定时间后，红外探测器无探测目标反馈后，控制路灯恢复到半功率照明模式。The detection technology in the present invention adopts microwave detection as the leading method, infrared detection as the auxiliary method, and an intelligent composite control strategy to control the lighting mode. Microwave detectors and infrared detectors can be enabled individually, or all of them can be enabled to achieve double measurement. When the street lamp enters the working state of microwave and infrared dual detection, the lamp enters the half-power lighting mode under the condition of no one or a car. When a person or car approaches, any detector (microwave or infrared) will start the full power of the street lamp after finding the target. Lighting mode, when people and vehicles stop in the street lighting area, any detector (microwave or infrared) can control and maintain the full power lighting of the street lamp if there is a detection target feedback; After detecting the target feedback, control the street lights to return to the half-power lighting mode.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection of the present invention. within range.
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