CN110391329A - A kind of hundred milliwatt low-heat conductivity type thermoelectric conversion elements - Google Patents

A kind of hundred milliwatt low-heat conductivity type thermoelectric conversion elements Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110391329A
CN110391329A CN201910671751.9A CN201910671751A CN110391329A CN 110391329 A CN110391329 A CN 110391329A CN 201910671751 A CN201910671751 A CN 201910671751A CN 110391329 A CN110391329 A CN 110391329A
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China
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thermoelectric conversion
type thermocouple
thermocouple arm
conversion element
arm
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CN201910671751.9A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
向清沛
李静
王宁
郭小峰
席治国
韩军
向永春
迮仁德
郝樊华
曾军
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Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry China Academy of Engineering Physics
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Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry China Academy of Engineering Physics
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Priority to CN201910671751.9A priority Critical patent/CN110391329A/en
Publication of CN110391329A publication Critical patent/CN110391329A/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G21NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21HOBTAINING ENERGY FROM RADIOACTIVE SOURCES; APPLICATIONS OF RADIATION FROM RADIOACTIVE SOURCES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; UTILISING COSMIC RADIATION
    • G21H1/00Arrangements for obtaining electrical energy from radioactive sources, e.g. from radioactive isotopes, nuclear or atomic batteries
    • G21H1/10Cells in which radiation heats a thermoelectric junction or a thermionic converter
    • G21H1/103Cells provided with thermo-electric generators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10NELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N10/00Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
    • H10N10/10Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects
    • H10N10/17Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects characterised by the structure or configuration of the cell or thermocouple forming the device
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10NELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N19/00Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one thermoelectric or thermomagnetic element covered by groups H10N10/00 - H10N15/00
    • H10N19/101Multiple thermocouples connected in a cascade arrangement

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Hybrid Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of hundred milliwatt low-heat conductivity type thermoelectric conversion elements.The switching device is based on skutterudite thermoelectric material, converts heat energy into electric energy by Seebeck effect.Pass through optimizing structure design, optimization manufacture craft, increase thermocouple arm transverse and longitudinal ratio, increase thermocouple arm number and thermoelectric unit number, gap filling aeroge simultaneously solidifies, reduce thermocouple arm side leakage heat, conversion efficiency of thermoelectric is improved by way of reducing thermoelectric conversion element thermal conductivity and increasing operational difference, the final efficient conversion realized to limited thermal power.Hundred milliwatt low-heat conductivity type thermoelectric conversion element entirety thermal conductivities of the invention are about 0.005W/K, and output power is greater than hundred milliwatts and improves conversion efficiency of thermoelectric about 30% ~ 50%(relative value compared to the isotope generator product of same electrical power grade).

Description

A kind of hundred milliwatt low-heat conductivity type thermoelectric conversion elements
Technical field
The invention belongs to nuclear technology fields, and in particular to a kind of hundred milliwatt low-heat conductivity type thermoelectric conversion elements.
Background technique
Radioactive isotope power supply system (Radioisotope Power System, RPS) is a kind of isotope to be declined The system that heating can be converted to electric energy.Currently, all systems based on static thermoelectricity transfer principle (thermo-electric generation) are referred to as putting Injectivity isotope thermoelectric generator (Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator, RTG).In academic exchange and In the project implementation, China is usually unified to be referred to as isotope generator, also known as nuclear-electric power supply this kind of device.Isotope generator (heat source) Have the characteristics that small in size, specific power is high, long service life, ambient adaptability are strong, high reliablity, is suitable for deep space, deep-sea, partially The special applications scenes such as remote land, have irreplaceable role.
Thermoelectric conversion element is one of the core component in isotope generator, is responsible for the thermal energy of collection being converted directly into electricity It can output.The design parameters of description thermoelectric conversion element specifically include that thermoelectric material system (M), thermocouple arm cross-sectional area (A), thermocouple arm height (L), thermocouple arm transverse and longitudinal ratio (A/L), thermocouple arm spacing (DL), thermoelectric unit serial number (NS), heat Electric unit parallel connection number (NP), thermoelectric unit sum (NS×NP), thermoelectric unit spacing (DT) etc..
Thermoelectric conversion element based on thermoelectric power generation principle (Seebeck effect) is to pursue higher conversion efficiency, it is desirable that heat Power conversion device hot and cold side operational difference is as big as possible.Usual situation may make operational difference to increase there are two types of approach.First, Fixed thermoelectric conversion element configuration is constant, reduces heat source surface product, i.e. reduction heat source surface heat dissipation path.Second, fixed heat source Surface area is constant, reduces thermocouple arm transverse and longitudinal ratio (A/L), i.e. reduction thermoelectric conversion element thermal conductivity.
Due to wrapping up isotope fuels inside isotope heat source, also known as nuclear fuel (such as238Pu、241Am、210Po、90Sr Deng), it is contemplated that nuclear safety, isotope fuels are necessarily required to be completely sealed.Usual situation needs multiple functional layers to same The plain fuel in position is contained, so that nuclear fuel does not occur and lets out for isotope heat source (working environment and accident environment) in life cycle Leakage event.Therefore, use reduce heat source surface product mode it is very limited to increase operational difference, especially must first really It protects under conditions of nuclear safety.
Currently, the commercial product of maturation is industrial waste heat using developing on the market, cannot be directly used to isotope generator, Mainly have following defect: 1) using low temperature bismuth telluride thermoelectric material, highest hot end operating temperature is less than 250oC, hot and cold side work The temperature difference is smaller;2) thermocouple arm transverse and longitudinal is bigger, and thermoelectric conversion element thermal conductivity is larger, can not (industry under the conditions of limited heat supply Waste heat can be considered power infinity, and isotope heat source then power limited) establish suitable hot and cold side operational difference;3) thermoelectricity turns Parallel operation part interface area is larger, can not be adapted to the isotope heat source of limited area, transfer efficiency is lower.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a kind of hundred milliwatt low-heat conductivity type thermoelectric conversion elements.
Hundred milliwatt low-heat conductivity type thermoelectric conversion elements of the invention, its main feature is that, the thermoelectric conversion element includes P Type thermocouple arm, N-type thermocouple arm, solidification aeroge, hot end connection electrode, cold end connection electrode, hot end package board, cold end envelope The anode of loading board, the cathode of thermoelectric conversion element and thermoelectric conversion element;Its connection relationship is: the p-type thermocouple arm and N Type thermocouple arm is the rectangular shaped post placed vertically, and p-type thermocouple arm and N-type thermocouple arm or so are staggered to array, A p-type thermocouple arm in array is adjacent with four N-type thermocouple arms, a N-type thermocouple arm and four p-type thermocouple arms It is adjacent;The top of array is hot end, and the bottom of array is cold end;P-type thermocouple arm and N-type thermocouple arm pass through hot end on hot end Simultaneously overall package has hot end package board for connection electrode connection;P-type thermocouple arm is connected with N-type thermocouple arm by cold end in cold end Electrode connects, and the anode of thermoelectric conversion element is drawn in cold end on first p-type thermocouple arm, with first p-type thermocouple arm The last one N-type thermocouple arm in diagonal position draws the cathode of thermoelectric conversion element, and cold end is packaged with cold end package board;
Solidification aeroge is perfused between the hot end package board and cold end package board, after solidifying airsetting adhesive curing, p-type thermoelectricity Even arm and N-type thermocouple arm are fixed in solidification aeroge;
After constituting circuit and applying the temperature difference between hot end package board and cold end package board, the electric current edge inside thermoelectric conversion element The cathode of thermoelectric conversion element enters array, through staggered p-type thermocouple arm and N-type thermocouple arm sequential flowing, finally From the anode outflow array of thermoelectric conversion element.
The material of the p-type thermocouple arm and N-type thermocouple arm is skutterudite CoSb3Thermoelectric material.
The material for solidifying aeroge is fibre-bearing aeroge.
The hot end connection electrode and cold end connection electrode is made of deposition-etch technique, hot end connection electrode and cold The thickness range for holding connection electrode is 3 μm ~ 5 μm.
The hot end package board and cold end package board uses ceramic material, the thickness of hot end package board and cold end package board For 0.5mm, the temperature difference range between hot end package board and cold end package board is 300oC ~400oC。
Solidification aeroge in hundred milliwatt low-heat conductivity type thermoelectric conversion elements of the invention is uniformly filled in p-type thermocouple The array gap of arm and N-type thermocouple arm, can effectively reduce heat source and it is heat sink between direct heat transfer lose, reduce thermocouple arm Leak heat loss in side.
Hot end connection electrode and cold end connection electrode energy in hundred milliwatt low-heat conductivity type thermoelectric conversion elements of the invention Enough realize that heat, the cold end of p-type thermocouple arm and N-type thermocouple arm are sequentially connected, wherein hot end connection electrode makes p-type thermocouple Arm and N-type thermocouple arm form thermoelectric unit, and cold end connection electrode makes all thermoelectric units form series connection;Hot end connection electrode Thickness range with cold end connection electrode is 3 μm ~ 5 μm, the resistance and interface resistance of hot end connection electrode and cold end connection electrode Much smaller than thermocouple arm resistance.
The cross of p-type thermocouple arm and N-type thermocouple arm in hundred milliwatt low-heat conductivity type thermoelectric conversion elements of the invention It indulges bigger, can be effectively reduced the thermal conductivity of thermoelectric conversion element.
The thermal conductivity of hot end package board and cold end package board in hundred milliwatt low-heat conductivity type thermoelectric conversion elements of the invention Much larger than the thermal conductivity of p-type thermocouple arm and N-type thermocouple arm.
Hundred milliwatt low-heat conductivity type thermoelectric conversion elements of the invention are increased by optimizing structure design, optimization manufacture craft Big thermocouple arm transverse and longitudinal ratio, increases thermocouple arm number and thermoelectric unit number, gap filling aeroge simultaneously solidify, and reduces thermocouple arm Side leakage heat, improves conversion efficiency of thermoelectric by way of reducing thermoelectric conversion element thermal conductivity and increasing operational difference, final to realize Efficient conversion to limited thermal power.Hundred milliwatt thermoelectric conversion elements of the invention can Reusability, Maintenance free, usual feelings Under condition, the service life is greater than 5 years, and whole thermal conductivity is about 0.005W/K, and output power is greater than hundred milliwatts, compared to same electrical power grade Isotope generator product improves conversion efficiency of thermoelectric about 30% ~ 50%(relative value), increase 1 ~ 2 times of service life.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the A-A diagrammatic cross-section of hundred milliwatt low-heat conductivity type thermoelectric conversion elements of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the B-B diagrammatic cross-section of hundred milliwatt low-heat conductivity type thermoelectric conversion elements of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the C-C diagrammatic cross-section of hundred milliwatt low-heat conductivity type thermoelectric conversion elements of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the course of work schematic diagram of hundred milliwatt low-heat conductivity type thermoelectric conversion elements of the invention.
In figure, 1.P type thermocouple arm 2.N type thermocouple arm 3. solidifies 4. hot end connection electrode of aeroge, 5. cold end and connects The anode of 9. thermoelectric conversion element of cathode of 6. hot end package board of receiving electrode, 7. cold end package board, 8. thermoelectric conversion element 10. heat sink 13. hot-fluid of 11. heat source of thermoelectric conversion element 12. flows to 14. current directions 15. and loads for electrical lead 16..
Specific embodiment
As shown in Fig. 1 ~ 3, hundred milliwatt low-heat conductivity type thermoelectric conversion elements of the invention include p-type thermocouple arm 1, N-type Thermocouple arm 2, solidification aeroge 3, hot end connection electrode 4, cold end connection electrode 5, hot end package board 6, cold end package board 7, heat The cathode 8 of power conversion device and the anode 9 of thermoelectric conversion element;Its connection relationship is: the p-type thermocouple arm 1 and N-type heat Galvanic couple arm 2 is the rectangular shaped post placed vertically, and p-type thermocouple arm 1 and N-type thermocouple arm 2 or so are staggered to array, battle array A p-type thermocouple arm 1 in column is adjacent with four N-type thermocouple arms 2, a N-type thermocouple arm 2 and four p-type thermocouples Arm 1 is adjacent;The top of array is hot end, and the bottom of array is cold end;P-type thermocouple arm 1 and N-type thermocouple arm 2 are logical on hot end It crosses the connection of hot end connection electrode 4 and overall package has hot end package board 6;P-type thermocouple arm 1 and N-type thermocouple arm 2 are logical in cold end The connection of cold end connection electrode 5 is crossed, the anode 9 of thermoelectric conversion element is drawn in cold end on first p-type thermocouple arm 1, with first The last one N-type thermocouple arm 2 that a p-type thermocouple arm 1 is in diagonal position draws the cathode 8 of thermoelectric conversion element, cold end It is packaged with cold end package board 7;
Solidification aeroge 3 is perfused between the hot end package board 6 and cold end package board 7, after solidification aeroge 3 solidifies, p-type Thermocouple arm 1 and N-type thermocouple arm 2 are fixed in solidification aeroge 3;
After constituting circuit and applying the temperature difference between hot end package board 6 and cold end package board 7, the electric current inside thermoelectric conversion element Cathode 8 along thermoelectric conversion element enters array, through 2 sequential flowing of staggered p-type thermocouple arm 1 and N-type thermocouple arm, Finally array is flowed out from the anode 9 of thermoelectric conversion element.
The material of the p-type thermocouple arm 1 and N-type thermocouple arm 2 is skutterudite CoSb3Thermoelectric material.
The material for solidifying aeroge 3 is fibre-bearing aeroge.
The hot end connection electrode 4 and cold end connection electrode 5 are made of deposition-etch technique, hot end connection electrode 4 Thickness range with cold end connection electrode 5 is 3 μm ~ 5 μm.
The hot end package board 6 and cold end package board 7 uses ceramic material, hot end package board 6 and cold end package board 7 With a thickness of 0.5mm, the temperature difference range between hot end package board 6 and cold end package board 7 is 300oC ~400oC。
Embodiment 1
The p-type thermocouple arm 1 of the present embodiment be 28, N-type thermocouple arm 2 be 28, totally 56, having a size of 0.8mm × 0.8mm × 25mm, transverse and longitudinal ratio are 0.0256mm-1, according to 8 × 7 uniform staggered, spacing 0.5mm.Solidification aeroge 3 after solidification In cylindrical body, Outside Dimensions are 18mm × 25mm.Hot end connection electrode 4 and cold end connection electrode 5 with a thickness of 3 μm ~ 5 μm.Heat End seal loading board 6 and cold end package board 7 with a thickness of 0.5mm.Overall peripheral size 18mm × 26mm of thermoelectric conversion element 11.
As shown in figure 4, installing heat source 11 in the hot end package board 6 of thermoelectric conversion element 10, installed in cold end package board 7 Heat sink 12, by for the connection of electrical lead 15 load 16, forming circuit, hot-fluid flows to 13 from heat source 11 to heat sink 12 along hot-fluid, electricity Stream is along current direction 14 in 2 sequential flowing of p-type thermocouple arm 1 and N-type thermocouple arm.
Before use, must test by standard electrical, the internal resistance of thermoelectric conversion element 10 is measured, to ensure p-type thermocouple arm 1, it N-type thermocouple arm 2, hot end connection electrode 4 and cold end connection electrode 5 and is not damaged for electrical lead and Ohm connection is good It is good.
In use process, heat source 11 needs a flat end face, and as hot end interface surface, area is greater than heat to electricity conversion 6 area of hot end package board of device 10;Heat sink 12 need a flat end face, and as cold end interface surface, area is greater than heat 7 area of cold end package board of power conversion device 10;The cathode 8 of thermoelectric conversion element 10 and the anode 9 of thermoelectric conversion element pass through Lead is respectively connected to load 16(such as resistance, light bulb, chip etc.) both ends;Thermoelectric conversion element 10 is directly placed at heat Between source 11 and heat sink 12, heat source 11 and heat sink 12 thermoelectric are passed through using mechanical means (such as spring, stress section, bolt etc.) 10 both ends of switching device apply pressure, so that 6 top surface of hot end package board and heat source hot end interface surface fit closely, so that cold end is sealed 7 bottom surface of loading board and heat sink cold end interface surface fit closely;In several seconds, can be observed load 16 enter steady-working states (such as Luminous, chip operation of resistance heating, light bulb etc.);Subsequent use process does not need manual operation, until stopping using;Thermoelectricity turns 10 hot-side temperature of parallel operation part must be not more than 500oC。
In 11 temperature of heat source about 416oC(689K), heat sink 12 temperature about 45oC(318K under the conditions of), ignore hot end interface surface With cold end interface surface thermal contact resistance, ignores 7 thermal resistance of hot end package board 6 and cold end package board, ignore connection electrode resistance and power supply Lead resistance;When loading 16 impedances is 40 Ω, the output voltage of thermoelectric conversion element 10 about 2.2V, output power about 0.12W; Collect heat about 1.9W, conversion efficiency of thermoelectric about 6.3% in the hot end of thermoelectric conversion element 11;Consider ignored factor, integrally declines Subtracting coefficient is calculated according to about 15%, and the output voltage of thermoelectric conversion element 10 is greater than 2V, and output power is greater than 0.1W, has " hundred millis Watt grade " and " low-heat conductivity type " feature.
The disassembly process of thermoelectric conversion element 10 is as follows:
1. releasing the mechanical pressure at 10 both ends of thermoelectric conversion element;
2. directly being taken out thermoelectric conversion element 10 using dielectric holder, it is placed in insulation pallet;
3. after cooling, dismantle thermoelectric conversion element 10 thermoelectric conversion element cathode 8 and thermoelectric conversion element anode 9 and Lead connection between load 16.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of hundred milliwatt low-heat conductivity type thermoelectric conversion elements, which is characterized in that the thermoelectric conversion element includes p-type heat Galvanic couple arm (1), N-type thermocouple arm (2), solidification aeroge (3), hot end connection electrode (4), cold end connection electrode (5), hot end envelope Loading board (6), cold end package board (7), the cathode (9) of thermoelectric conversion element and thermoelectric conversion element anode (10);It, which is connected, closes System is: the p-type thermocouple arm (1) and N-type thermocouple arm (2) is the rectangular shaped post placed vertically, p-type thermocouple arm (1) and N-type thermocouple arm (2) left and right is staggered to array, in array a p-type thermocouple arm (1) and four N-type thermoelectricity Even arm (2) is adjacent, and a N-type thermocouple arm (2) is adjacent with four p-type thermocouple arms (1);The top of array is hot end, array Bottom be cold end;P-type thermocouple arm (1) and N-type thermocouple arm (2) are connected and whole by hot end connection electrode (4) on hot end Body is packaged with hot end package board (6);P-type thermocouple arm (1) and N-type thermocouple arm (2) pass through cold end connection electrode (5) in cold end It connects, the anode (10) of thermoelectric conversion element is drawn in cold end on first p-type thermocouple arm (1), with first p-type thermocouple The last one N-type thermocouple arm (2) that arm (1) is in diagonal position draws the cathode (9) of thermoelectric conversion element, and cold end is packaged with Cold end package board (7);
Solidification aeroge (3) is perfused between the hot end package board (6) and cold end package board (7), solidification aeroge (3) is solid After change, p-type thermocouple arm (1) and N-type thermocouple arm (2) are fixed in solidification aeroge (3);
After constituting circuit and applying the temperature difference between hot end package board (6) and cold end package board (7), inside thermoelectric conversion element Electric current enters array along the cathode (9) of thermoelectric conversion element, through staggered p-type thermocouple arm (1) and N-type thermocouple arm (2) sequential flowing finally flows out array from the anode of thermoelectric conversion element (10).
2. hundred milliwatts low-heat conductivity type thermoelectric conversion element according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the p-type heat The material of galvanic couple arm (1) and N-type thermocouple arm (2) is skutterudite CoSb3Thermoelectric material.
3. hundred milliwatts low-heat conductivity type thermoelectric conversion element according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the solidification gas The material of gel (3) is fibre-bearing aeroge.
4. hundred milliwatts low-heat conductivity type thermoelectric conversion element according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the hot end connects Receiving electrode (4) and cold end connection electrode (5) are made of deposition-etch technique, hot end connection electrode (4) and cold end connection electrode (5) thickness range is 3 μm ~ 5 μm.
5. hundred milliwatts low-heat conductivity type thermoelectric conversion element according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the hot end envelope Loading board (6) and cold end package board (7) use ceramic material, hot end package board (6) and cold end package board (7) with a thickness of 0.5mm, The temperature difference range between hot end package board (6) and cold end package board (7) is 300oC ~400oC。
CN201910671751.9A 2019-07-24 2019-07-24 A kind of hundred milliwatt low-heat conductivity type thermoelectric conversion elements Pending CN110391329A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112635093A (en) * 2020-12-30 2021-04-09 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 Based on90Temperature difference power generation device of Sr isotope

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101114692A (en) * 2007-08-10 2008-01-30 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 Method for manufacturing cobalt stibium antimonide based thermoelectric device
CN104934523A (en) * 2014-03-19 2015-09-23 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 Middle-high temperature thermoelectric module
WO2016138389A1 (en) * 2015-02-26 2016-09-01 California Institute Of Technology Radioisotope thermoelectric generator

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101114692A (en) * 2007-08-10 2008-01-30 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 Method for manufacturing cobalt stibium antimonide based thermoelectric device
CN104934523A (en) * 2014-03-19 2015-09-23 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 Middle-high temperature thermoelectric module
WO2016138389A1 (en) * 2015-02-26 2016-09-01 California Institute Of Technology Radioisotope thermoelectric generator

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112635093A (en) * 2020-12-30 2021-04-09 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 Based on90Temperature difference power generation device of Sr isotope
CN112635093B (en) * 2020-12-30 2022-11-04 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 Based on 90 Temperature difference power generation device of Sr isotope

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Application publication date: 20191029