CN110389393B - Method for comprehensively observing inverse temperature layer disturbance - Google Patents
Method for comprehensively observing inverse temperature layer disturbance Download PDFInfo
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- CN110389393B CN110389393B CN201910702789.8A CN201910702789A CN110389393B CN 110389393 B CN110389393 B CN 110389393B CN 201910702789 A CN201910702789 A CN 201910702789A CN 110389393 B CN110389393 B CN 110389393B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for comprehensively observing disturbance of an isothermal layer, which is characterized in that the concentration of pollutants with the height of more than 2km is acquired through satellite telemetering, meteorological parameters with the height of 0.5km to 2km are observed through an unmanned aerial vehicle, meteorological parameters with the height of less than 0.5km are observed through a mobile radar observation vehicle, all information is sent to a ground observation station, and the ground observation station combines the acquired data into the disturbance condition of the isothermal layer in a preset area. The invention can carry out real-time and stable observation on various data after the disturbance of the temperature inversion layer in an omnibearing and three-dimensional way; the temperature and humidity of ground and medium-high atmosphere in a preset area, the visibility and the change and distribution conditions of pollutants can be accurately provided at the same time, and the method is widely applied to the comprehensive treatment of urban atmosphere.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of inverse temperature layer observation, and particularly relates to a method for comprehensively observing inverse temperature layer disturbance.
Background
After the temperature inversion layer is disturbed and damaged, how to accurately observe the disturbed range of the temperature inversion layer and the change condition of pollutants in real time is a difficult problem.
The prior art has the following defects and shortcomings:
1. the change condition of pollutants is observed by utilizing the ground environment-friendly observation base station, the observation range of the method is small, the method is only limited to the change condition of air pollutants near the ground, and the observation whip length under a larger scale is rare.
2. The unmanned aerial vehicle and the balloon are hung on observation equipment to observe changes of high-altitude visibility and atmospheric pollutants, but the flying height of the unmanned aerial vehicle is limited, the balloon is always in a rising state, and observation data are unstable, so that the method has strong limitation.
3. The method is suitable for observing the change and distribution condition of high-altitude pollutants on a large scale.
At present, no comprehensive urban pollutant observation scheme exists in the market.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and provide a method for comprehensively observing disturbance of an inverse temperature layer.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention comprises the steps of:
establishing a pollutant concentration within a satellite telemetering observation preset area, wherein the distance from the pollutant concentration to the ground is more than 2km, and sending the pollutant concentration to a ground observation station;
establishing meteorological parameters with the height of 0.5km to 2km from the ground in an unmanned aerial vehicle observation preset area for measurement, and sending the meteorological parameters to a ground observation station;
setting a mobile radar observation vehicle to observe meteorological parameters with the height less than 0.5km from the ground in a preset area to measure points, and sending the meteorological parameters to a ground observation station;
and step two, the ground observation station comprehensively applies data acquired by satellite remote measurement, unmanned aerial vehicle observation and radar observation vehicles to the disturbance condition of the stratosphere in the preset area.
Satellite telemetering observation is used for observing the ground concentration and time change of pollutants in all weather, and a ground observation station analyzes the chemical components of the pollutants through sampling.
The unmanned aerial vehicle is provided with a loading measuring device for measuring meteorological parameters such as temperature, humidity and pressure.
The mobile radar observation vehicle adopts a navigation observation vehicle and an outdoor high-frequency laser radar, and the vehicle-mounted aerosol laser radar and the wind measurement laser radar are loaded on the navigation observation vehicle.
The outdoor high-frequency laser radar uses laser as a light source, emits laser with a wavelength of 532nm, receives backscattering signals of atmospheric aerosol and cloud, analyzes extinction and depolarization characteristics of the backscattering parallel and vertical polarized signal light by receiving the backscattering parallel and vertical polarized signal light, and analyzes related information of atmospheric aerosol particles and cloud.
The wind measurement laser radar indirectly obtains the atmospheric wind field distribution by measuring the motion characteristics of the aerosol tracer, and calculates the motion speed of aerosol particles relative to the beam direction according to Doppler frequency shift, thereby obtaining the wind speed component of the aerosol along the beam direction.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the pollutant concentration with the height of more than 2km is collected through satellite telemetering, meteorological parameters with the height of 0.5km to 2km are observed through the unmanned aerial vehicle, the meteorological parameters with the height of less than 0.5km are observed through the mobile radar observation vehicle, all information is sent to the ground observation station, and the ground observation station combines collected data into the disturbance condition of an isothermal layer in a preset area. The invention can carry out real-time and stable observation on various data after the disturbance of the temperature inversion layer in an omnibearing and three-dimensional way; the temperature and humidity of ground and medium-high atmosphere in a preset area, the visibility and the change and distribution conditions of pollutants can be accurately provided at the same time, and the method is widely applied to the comprehensive treatment of urban atmosphere.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a flight path of an unmanned aerial vehicle;
FIG. 2 is a top plan view of a viewing device arrangement;
FIG. 3 shows the optical thickness of the aerosol in the test area (data source: Japanese sunflower No. 8 satellite, spatial resolution 5 km);
FIG. 4 is a ground PM2.5 variation graph collected by a mobile radar observation vehicle;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of boundary layer height variation measured by a laser radar;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of the change of extinction coefficient measured by the laser radar;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the unmanned aerial vehicle observing the wind speed in the disturbance area.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention comprises the following steps:
establishing a pollutant concentration within a satellite telemetering observation preset area, wherein the distance from the pollutant concentration to the ground is more than 2km, and sending the pollutant concentration to a ground observation station; the satellite remote measurement observation is used for observing the ground concentration and time change of the pollutants in all weather, and the ground observation station analyzes the chemical components of the pollutants through sampling, further researches the sources of aerosol particles and finally provides reasonable emission control suggestions. However, since the ground observation points are limited, the instruments and facilities are generally expensive, the method of observing incomplete height coverage by the unmanned aerial vehicle can only be carried out on the limited ground stations, good space coverage and three-dimensional space distribution information cannot be obtained, and it is difficult to carry out macroscopic analysis on the pollutant sources and the pollutant variation trend and provide a proper control scheme for solving the problem of regional pollution. The satellite remote sensing can make up the deficiency of ground observation. The satellite remote sensing has the characteristics of wide coverage range, high spatial resolution, strong timeliness, high coverage frequency, large regional difference and the like, and can completely meet the requirement of aerosol monitoring under large scale based on the prior art.
Establishing meteorological parameters with the height of 0.5km to 2km from the ground in an unmanned aerial vehicle observation preset area for measurement, and sending the meteorological parameters to a ground observation station; the unmanned aerial vehicle is provided with a loading measuring device for measuring meteorological parameters such as temperature, humidity and pressure. The weather change of long-time, large area and continuous monitoring in the air can be solved, and a high-precision measurement result can be obtained.
Setting a mobile radar observation vehicle to observe meteorological parameters with the height less than 0.5km from the ground in a preset area to measure points, and sending the meteorological parameters to a ground observation station; the mobile radar observation vehicle adopts a navigation observation vehicle and an outdoor high-frequency laser radar, and the vehicle-mounted aerosol laser radar and the wind measurement laser radar are loaded on the navigation observation vehicle. The outdoor high-frequency laser radar uses laser as a light source, emits laser with a wavelength of 532nm, receives backscattering signals of atmospheric aerosol and cloud, analyzes extinction and depolarization characteristics of the backscattering parallel and vertical polarized signal light by receiving the backscattering parallel and vertical polarized signal light, and analyzes related information of atmospheric aerosol particles and cloud. The wind measurement laser radar indirectly obtains the atmospheric wind field distribution by measuring the motion characteristics of the aerosol tracer, and calculates the motion speed of aerosol particles relative to the beam direction according to Doppler frequency shift, thereby obtaining the wind speed component of the aerosol along the beam direction. By scanning and measuring a target airspace, acquiring the radial speed of each scanning point, and performing inversion calculation according to the data, the three-dimensional wind field distribution of the scanning airspace can be obtained.
And step two, the ground observation station combines data acquired by satellite remote measurement, unmanned aerial vehicle observation and radar observation vehicles into the disturbance condition of the stratosphere in the preset area.
The unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing technology is used as effective supplement of ground and satellite remote sensing, has unique advantages incomparable with other remote sensing technologies, and mainly shows that:
(1) fast response
The unmanned aerial vehicle system is convenient to transport, short in levitation preparation time and simple to operate, can quickly reach a monitoring area, and airborne high-precision remote sensing loads can quickly obtain remote sensing monitoring results within 1-2 hours.
(2) High image resolution
The space resolution of the image obtained by unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing reaches the decimeter level, and the method is suitable for the requirements of remote sensing application with the ratio of 1:500 or more. The high-precision digital imaging equipment carried by the unmanned aerial vehicle also has the capability of large-area coverage, vertical or oblique imaging.
(3) Strong autonomy
The unmanned aerial vehicle can fly and shoot autonomously according to a preset flight route, and the route control precision is high. The height control precision is generally better than 10m, the speed range is from 70km/h to 160km/h, and the aircraft can fly stably and is suitable for different remote sensing tasks.
(4) Simple operation
The flight operation has high automation and intelligence degree, simple operation, automatic fault diagnosis and display function, and convenient mastering and training; once the remote control fails or other faults occur, the remote control can automatically return to the upper part of the flying point and hover for waiting. If the fault is removed, the aircraft can continue flying under the control of ground personnel, otherwise, the aircraft can be automatically opened and recovered.
The unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing is used as an important means for spatial data acquisition, has the advantages of long endurance time, real-time image transmission, high-risk area detection, low cost, flexibility and the like, and is widely applied to multiple fields.
Referring to fig. 1, the flight path of the drone is from 0.5km to 2.0km in height, measured every 250 m.
Example (b):
referring to fig. 2, the observation procedure of the present invention is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Observation of the operating procedure
After the testing time is determined, preparation must be carried out according to the requirements of the testing process, a formal testing link is entered, and the following steps are carried out:
the first day: and finishing all test preparation work, verifying instrument equipment, determining test contents, time distribution, routes and the like, and running in.
Testing the turbulent flow equipment, and operating for half an hour at the power of 60%, 80% and 100% respectively;
the next day: the flow disturbing equipment operates at 60% of power, and each instrument equipment performs observation according to a mature scheme determined on the first day;
and on the third day: the flow disturbance equipment operates at 80% of power, and each instrument and equipment performs observation according to the optimized scheme;
the fourth day: the flow disturbance equipment operates at 100% of power, and each instrument and equipment is observed according to the optimized scheme;
the fifth day: the turbulent flow equipment operates at 60% of power, and each instrument and equipment performs observation according to the optimized scheme;
the sixth day: the flow disturbance equipment operates at 80% of power, and each instrument and equipment performs observation according to the optimized scheme;
the seventh day: the flow disturbing equipment operates at 100% power, and each instrument and equipment performs observation according to the optimized scheme.
The method can carry out real-time and stable observation on various data after the temperature inversion layer disturbance in an omnibearing and three-dimensional manner; the temperature and humidity of the atmosphere near the ground and at the middle and upper altitudes in a certain area, the visibility and the change and distribution conditions of pollutants can be accurately provided at the same time, and the method is widely applied to the comprehensive treatment of urban atmosphere.
TABLE 1 Main Observation device and Observation element List
Referring to fig. 3, the graph shows that satellite monitoring shows that the optical thickness of the aerosol is obviously reduced in the northwest and northwest regions after the aircraft operates in the northwest corner of an urban area, while the northeast and southeast regions are still relatively high, satellite remote sensing observation is suitable for observing the change and distribution conditions of high-altitude pollutants in a large scale, but the spatial resolution precision of a near ground layer is limited, the aerosol monitoring in the large scale can be met, and meanwhile fixed-point inversion calculation can be performed.
Referring to fig. 4, the mobile radar observation vehicle observes meteorological parameters with the height from the ground less than 0.5km in a preset area to measure points, and fig. 4 shows that after the aircraft operates, the data of a national ground Pm2.5 monitoring station in a test area shows that the concentration of Pm2.5 is obviously reduced.
Referring to fig. 5 and 6, the outdoor high-frequency laser radar uses laser as a light source, receives backscattering signals of the atmospheric aerosol and the cloud, analyzes extinction and depolarization characteristics of the backscattering parallel and vertical polarized signal light, and analyzes related information of atmospheric aerosol particles and the cloud.
Referring to fig. 7, the wind speed of the test ground unmanned aerial vehicle flying over the disturbance area is measured, and the unmanned aerial vehicle observes meteorological parameters within a preset area and has a height of 0.5km to 2km from the ground to measure.
Claims (4)
1. A method for comprehensively observing inverse stratosphere disturbance is characterized by comprising the following steps:
establishing a pollutant concentration within a satellite telemetering observation preset area, wherein the distance from the pollutant concentration to the ground is more than 2km, and sending the pollutant concentration to a ground observation station;
establishing meteorological parameter measurement of 0.5km to 2km from the ground in an unmanned aerial vehicle observation preset area, and sending the meteorological parameter measurement to a ground observation station;
setting a mobile radar observation vehicle to observe meteorological parameters with the height less than 0.5km from the ground in a preset area to measure points, and sending the meteorological parameters to a ground observation station;
the mobile radar observation vehicle adopts a navigation observation vehicle and an outdoor high-frequency laser radar, and the vehicle-mounted aerosol laser radar and a wind measurement laser radar are loaded on the navigation observation vehicle;
the outdoor high-frequency laser radar uses laser as a light source, emits laser with a wavelength of 532nm, receives backscattering signals of atmospheric aerosol and cloud, analyzes extinction and depolarization characteristics of the backscattering parallel and vertical polarized signal light by receiving the backscattering parallel and vertical polarized signal light, and analyzes related information of atmospheric aerosol particles and cloud;
and step two, the ground observation station comprehensively applies data acquired by satellite remote measurement, unmanned aerial vehicle observation and radar observation vehicles to the disturbance condition of the stratosphere in the preset area.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the satellite telemetry observation is used to observe the surface concentration and time variation of the contaminant in all weather, and the surface observation station analyzes the chemical composition of the contaminant by sampling.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the drone is loaded with measurement equipment for determining meteorological parameters of temperature, humidity and pressure.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the wind lidar is configured to indirectly obtain the atmospheric wind field distribution by measuring the motion characteristics of the aerosol tracer, and calculate the motion velocity of the aerosol particles relative to the beam direction according to the doppler shift, so as to obtain the wind velocity component of the aerosol along the beam direction.
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| KR101236721B1 (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-03-08 | 대한민국 | Separation observation of weather system method and system |
| CN108805368A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2018-11-13 | 天津珞雍空间信息研究院有限公司 | A kind of atmospheric environment intellectualized management system based on space-air-ground integration |
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| KR101236721B1 (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-03-08 | 대한민국 | Separation observation of weather system method and system |
| CN108805368A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2018-11-13 | 天津珞雍空间信息研究院有限公司 | A kind of atmospheric environment intellectualized management system based on space-air-ground integration |
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Address after: 710043 Room 606, block a, science and technology innovation incubation base, National University Science Park, No. 755, yanxingmen West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province Patentee after: Zhongchuang Green Materials (Xi'an) Environmental Protection Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 710043 Room 606, block a, science and technology innovation incubation base, National University Science Park, No. 755, yanxingmen West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province Patentee before: Zhongchuang Lantian (Xi'an) Environmental Protection Technology Co.,Ltd. |