CN110386029B - Method for correcting SOC of lithium battery according to dynamic voltage - Google Patents

Method for correcting SOC of lithium battery according to dynamic voltage Download PDF

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CN110386029B
CN110386029B CN201910665181.2A CN201910665181A CN110386029B CN 110386029 B CN110386029 B CN 110386029B CN 201910665181 A CN201910665181 A CN 201910665181A CN 110386029 B CN110386029 B CN 110386029B
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soc
current
voltage
calibration point
calibration
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CN110386029A (en
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康义
王翰超
王云
尹坤
孙艳
刘欢
沈永柏
江梓贤
姜明军
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Ligao Shandong New Energy Technology Co ltd
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Ligo Shandong New Energy Technology Co ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention provides a method for correcting the SOC of a lithium battery according to dynamic voltage, which comprises the following steps: s1: obtaining the corresponding relation between the dynamic terminal voltage and the SOC of the battery at different temperatures and different multiplying powers through experiments; s2: selecting calibration points in the charging process and the discharging process according to the battery characteristics; s3: when the current is judged to be smaller than a set threshold in real time in the running discharging process, the voltage is smaller than the threshold corresponding to the current temperature, the continuous establishment frequency reaches the set threshold, and if the current SOC is larger than the SOC corresponding to the calibration point, the current SOC is calibrated to the SOC corresponding to the calibration point; and S4, judging whether the current is smaller than a set threshold in real time in the charging process, and when the voltage is smaller than the threshold corresponding to the current temperature, if the current SOC is smaller than the SOC corresponding to the calibration point, calibrating the current SOC to the SOC corresponding to the calibration point. Algorithm operation is carried out in real time in the driving process, so that a program is not dependent on a special working condition of standing, and smooth change of the SOC is guaranteed not to generate mutation in the SOC calibration process.

Description

Method for correcting SOC of lithium battery according to dynamic voltage
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of battery management systems, in particular to a method for correcting the SOC of a lithium battery and reducing the SOC error through the terminal voltage of the battery in the discharging process.
Background
A Battery Management System (BMS), which is one of the core components of an electric vehicle, has been the focus of electric vehicle development. Because the working environment and working condition of the electric automobile are complex, and the chemical characteristics of the battery are complex, compared with the traditional fuel vehicle, the main technical difficulty of the new energy vehicle is the accuracy of mileage estimation. The SOC is the most important parameter for calculating the driving range, the SOC calculation also becomes one of the most core functions of the BMS, and the quality of the BMS is directly determined by the level of the SOC calculation accuracy.
At present, an ampere-hour integration method is generally used as a main algorithm in a BMS, and the current SOC of a lithium battery is corrected through an OCV (open circuit voltage method).
The ampere-hour integration method is used for obtaining the SOC value corresponding to the battery by integrating the current in the charging and discharging processes and dividing the current by the total capacity. However, the ampere-hour integration method has obvious defects: the accuracy of the ampere-hour integration algorithm depends on the accuracy of the current sensor, and under the condition that the current sensor has system errors, the long-time pure ampere-hour integration strategy inevitably leads to larger and larger errors of the SOC. Secondly, because the lithium battery has a self-discharge phenomenon, the ampere-hour integration does not consider the situation, and a long-time pure ampere-hour integration algorithm inevitably causes the situation of virtual high SOC. Third, the ampere-hour integral accuracy is closely related to the total capacity of the battery, and the total capacity is greatly changed along with the aging of the battery. And fourthly, when the system is fully charged, the system is directly calibrated to be 100% according to the current voltage condition, and the SOC can jump.
The open-circuit voltage method is to determine the current SOC according to the current open-circuit voltage of the battery and the OCV-SOC relation corresponding table after the charging and discharging of the battery are finished and the voltage characteristics are stable. The method can effectively obtain the real SOC of the battery through a voltage calibration method. However, this solution also has significant drawbacks: firstly, the method has definite requirements on the working condition of the vehicle, and enough standing time is necessarily selected. Second, to the condition that the lithium iron phosphate battery has the plateau phase, voltage variation range is very little in 30% to 90% interval, and current BMS's voltage acquisition precision is 5mv generally, can appear very big error with the scheme of OCV calibration.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for correcting the SOC of the lithium battery according to the dynamic voltage.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method of modifying a lithium battery SOC based on a dynamic voltage, the method comprising:
step S1, judging whether the current battery state is a charging state, if so, entering step S2, otherwise, entering step S4;
step S2, selecting a charging calibration point according to the battery characteristics and the tested dynamic voltage curve, and performing linear difference interpolation according to the temperature acquired by the BMS and the voltage and the temperature of the calibration point to obtain a charging reference voltage;
step S3, judging whether the first constraint condition is met, if so, entering step S8, otherwise, returning to step S1; wherein the first constraint condition is as follows: the current highest cell voltage is larger than the corresponding reference voltage at the current temperature, the current is smaller than the first current threshold value Ic, and the current SOC is smaller than the calibration point SOC
S4, selecting a discharge calibration point according to the battery characteristics and the tested dynamic voltage curve, performing linear difference interpolation according to the temperature acquired by the BMS and the voltage and the temperature of the calibration point to obtain a discharge reference voltage, and repeatedly executing S5-S7 every 1 second in the discharge process;
step S5, judging whether the second constraint condition is met, if yes, adding one to a counter corresponding to the current calibration point, and executing step S6; if not, the current counter is cleared, and the step S4 is executed; wherein the second constraint condition is: the lowest single voltage collected by the BMS is smaller than the reference voltage obtained in the step S4, and the current is smaller than a second current threshold Id;
step S6, if the counter corresponding to the current calibration point is larger than 60 and the current SOC is larger than the SOC of the calibration point, executing step S7; if not, returning to the step S4;
step S7, if the difference between the current SOC and the SOC corresponding to the voltage of the calibration point is more than 5%, calibrating the current SOC to be the current SOC minus 5%, otherwise executing step S8;
and step S8, directly calibrating the current SOC into the SOC corresponding to the calibration point voltage, and smoothing the SOC before and after calibration to prevent SOC jump.
Preferably, the charging or discharging calibration point is selected according to the battery characteristics and the tested dynamic voltage curve, and the corresponding relation curve of the SOC and the voltage is obtained by respectively using the first current threshold Ic and the second current threshold Id when the temperature of the battery core is 25 ℃.
Preferably, the first current threshold Ic and the second current threshold Id are selected according to the cell characteristics, and both are smaller than 0.5C.
Preferably, the obtaining of the corresponding relationship curve of the SOC and the voltage with the first current threshold Ic further includes obtaining the corresponding relationship curve of the SOC and the voltage at different temperatures in a manner of adjusting the temperature from 0 ℃ to 50 ℃ at intervals of 10 ℃.
Preferably, the obtaining of the corresponding relationship curve of the SOC and the voltage by using the second current threshold Id further includes obtaining the corresponding relationship curve of the SOC and the voltage at different temperatures in a manner of adjusting the temperature from-20 degrees celsius to 50 degrees celsius every 10 degrees celsius.
Preferably, the step S8 further includes, when the SOC triggers calibration, approaching the current SOC to the calibrated SOC at a rate of 1%/20 seconds, performing normal ampere-hour integration on the calibrated SOC, and when the difference between the two is less than 0.05%, determining that the two are consistent, and stopping calibration.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the problem of SOC calculation inaccuracy caused by poor battery consistency is solved.
(2) The problem of the long-time not calibrating leads to SOC inaccurate under shallow filling shallow working condition is solved.
(3) The problem of inaccurate SOC of running in a low-temperature environment is solved.
(4) The problem of inaccurate SOC caused by mismatching of the calibrated total capacity and the actual total capacity is solved.
(5) And algorithm operation is carried out in real time in the driving process, so that the program does not depend on the special working condition of standing.
(6) And ensuring that smooth change of the SOC does not generate sudden change in the SOC calibration process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a method for correcting SOC of a lithium battery according to a dynamic voltage according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of SOC and minimum cell voltage without dynamic calibration during discharge;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing SOC and minimum cell voltage under increased dynamic calibration during discharge;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of true SOC and displayed SOC with increased dynamic calibration during discharge;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of SOC and maximum cell voltage without dynamic calibration during charging;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of SOC and maximum cell voltage under increased dynamic calibration during charging;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of true SOC and displayed SOC with dynamic calibration added during charging.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings.
The lithium battery has the following battery characteristics that a dynamic terminal voltage curve is in a monotone increasing state in the constant current charging process with fixed multiplying power, and the dynamic terminal voltage curve is in a monotone decreasing state in the constant current charging and discharging process with fixed multiplying power. When the lithium battery is charged and discharged at a fixed rate at a fixed temperature, the dynamic terminal voltage is the same as the static OCV, and the dynamic terminal voltage change curve and the OCV curve have the same characteristics, namely the dynamic terminal voltage and the SOC also have a one-to-one correspondence relationship. The following rules exist in the analysis of charge and discharge curves with different multiplying powers: the closer the charge-discharge current magnification is to 0, the closer the terminal voltage is to the OCV curve. Although the estimation of the SOC through the dynamic terminal voltage cannot obtain a very accurate SOC like a static voltage, as the voltage approaches a cut-off voltage, the terminal takes effect according to a terminal voltage reduction current strategy, and the SOC estimation error through the dynamic terminal voltage is continuously reduced. I.e., the estimated SOC is continuously approaching the actual SOC of the battery.
Based on the principle, the method for correcting the SOC of the lithium battery according to the dynamic voltage comprises the following steps:
in the embodiment of the invention, the used battery core is tested to obtain a two-dimensional relation table of SOC and dynamic voltage when the first current threshold Ic is charged at different temperatures and the second current threshold Id is discharged at different temperatures.
For the first current threshold Ic, the test procedure is as follows: firstly, fully filling a battery according to a method provided by a battery cell manufacturer; and secondly, discharging the battery to cut-off voltage with 1C current. And thirdly, acquiring a corresponding relation curve of the SOC and the voltage according to the first current threshold Ic when the cell temperature reaches 25 ℃. And step two is executed in a manner of adjusting the temperature from 0 ℃ to 50 ℃ at intervals of 10 ℃, and corresponding relation curves of the SOC and the voltage at different temperatures are obtained. (Ic is selected according to actual cell characteristics, and is recommended to be less than 0.5C).
For the second current threshold Id, the test procedure is specifically as follows: firstly, fully filling a battery according to a method provided by a battery cell manufacturer; and secondly, obtaining a corresponding relation curve of the SOC and the voltage by using a second current threshold Id when the temperature of the battery core is 25 ℃. And thirdly, executing the second step in a manner of adjusting the temperature from minus 20 ℃ to 50 ℃ at intervals of 10 ℃, and acquiring corresponding relation curves of the SOC and the dynamic voltage at different temperatures. (Id is selected according to actual cell characteristics, and is less than 0.5C)
Step S1, judging whether the current battery state is a charging state, if so, entering step S2, otherwise, entering step S4;
step S2, selecting a charging calibration point according to the battery characteristics and the tested dynamic voltage curve, and performing linear difference interpolation according to the temperature acquired by the BMS and the voltage and the temperature of the calibration point to obtain a charging reference voltage;
selecting a proper calibration point according to the battery voltage characteristics obtained by testing, wherein the battery charging and discharging voltage variation characteristics can be known as follows: for the ternary battery cell, the selection is random because the platform period does not exist; it is recommended to choose more than 95% for lithium iron phosphate batteries to avoid the case of mis-calibration.
Step S3, judging whether the first constraint condition is met, if so, entering step S8, otherwise, returning to step S1;
s4, selecting a discharge calibration point according to the battery characteristics and the tested dynamic voltage curve, performing linear difference interpolation according to the temperature acquired by the BMS and the voltage and the temperature of the calibration point to obtain a discharge reference voltage, and repeatedly executing S5-S7 every 1 second in the discharge process; selecting a proper calibration point according to the battery voltage characteristics obtained by testing, wherein the battery charging and discharging voltage variation characteristics can be known as follows: for the ternary battery cell, the selection is random because the platform period does not exist; it is recommended to choose less than 10% for lithium iron phosphate batteries to avoid mis-calibration situations.
Step S5, judging whether the second constraint condition is met, if yes, adding one to a counter corresponding to the current calibration point, and executing step S6; if not, the current counter is cleared, and the step S4 is executed;
step S6, if the counter corresponding to the current calibration point is larger than 60 and the current SOC is larger than the SOC of the calibration point, executing step S7; if not, returning to the step S4;
step S7, if the difference between the current SOC and the SOC corresponding to the voltage of the calibration point is more than 5%, calibrating the current SOC to be the current SOC minus 5%, otherwise executing step S8;
and step S8, directly calibrating the current SOC into the SOC corresponding to the calibration point voltage, and smoothing the SOC before and after calibration to prevent SOC jump.
The first constraint condition is as follows: the current highest cell voltage is greater than the corresponding reference voltage at the current temperature, the current is less than the first current threshold Ic, and the current SOC is less than the calibration point SOC.
The second constraint condition is as follows: the lowest cell voltage collected by the BMS is less than the reference voltage obtained in step S4 and the current is less than the second current threshold Id.
And selecting a charging or discharging calibration point according to the battery characteristics and the tested dynamic voltage curve, and obtaining a corresponding relation curve of the SOC and the voltage by using the first current threshold Ic and the second current threshold Id respectively when the temperature of the battery core reaches 25 ℃.
The first current threshold Ic and the second current threshold Id are selected according to the cell characteristics, and both are smaller than 0.5C.
Step S8 further includes, when the SOC triggers calibration, approaching the current SOC to the calibrated SOC at a rate of 1%/20 seconds, performing normal ampere-hour integration on the calibrated SOC, and when the difference between the two is less than 0.05%, determining that the two are consistent, and stopping calibration.
Fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 4 are comparative graphs of the discharge process without using the dynamic calibration strategy and using the dynamic calibration strategy when the residual capacity of a single cell in the module is lower than that of other cells.
Fig. 2 shows that, under the correction condition of the discharge-free dynamic calibration strategy, when the cell voltage reaches the cut-off voltage of 2.5V, the SOC still displays 40%, and finally misleads the driver, and the situation of the vehicle prone during driving is easy to occur.
Under the condition of increasing discharge dynamic calibration strategy correction, when the cell voltage reaches below 3.0V, the current real SOC is calibrated to an accurate value in time through dynamic voltage calibration, the precision of the SOC is improved, and after smoothing processing, the SOC seen by a driver is rapidly reduced, the driver is reminded to charge, and the risk of groveling the vehicle is reduced.
Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating that, in the case of adding a discharge dynamic calibration strategy correction, the current SOC is calibrated to a relatively accurate value after triggering calibration, and the SOC displayed by a driver is smoothed to approach the SOC after calibration.
A comparison graph of the discharge process using the dynamic calibration strategy and the discharge process without using the dynamic calibration strategy exists in the module of fig. 5, 6 and 7 when the residual capacity of a single cell is lower than that of other cells.
Fig. 5 shows the SOC change from 70% directly to 100% when the maximum cell voltage reaches the cutoff voltage of 3.65V without charge dynamic calibration strategy modification. The SOC jump condition occurs, and the user experience is seriously influenced.
Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating that, in the case of adding the charging dynamic calibration strategy correction, before the highest cell voltage reaches the cut-off voltage of 3.65V, the SOC display is smoothly corrected from 70% to 95%, and when the voltage reaches 3.65V, the SOC is smoothly corrected to 100%, so that the user experience is improved.
Fig. 7 is a graph illustrating that in the case of adding the correction of the charging dynamic calibration strategy, before the highest cell voltage reaches the cut-off voltage of 3.65V, the real SOC is directly corrected from 70% to 95% by the charging dynamic calibration strategy, and the SOC is smoothly approximated to the real SOC by the smoothing process.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the embodiments of the present invention are capable of being embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the embodiments being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned. Furthermore, it is obvious that the word "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps, and the singular does not exclude the plural. Several units, modules or means recited in the system, apparatus or terminal claims may also be implemented by one and the same unit, module or means in software or hardware. The terms first, second, etc. are used to denote names, but not any particular order.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail with reference to the above preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A method for correcting a lithium battery SOC according to a dynamic voltage, the method comprising:
step S1, judging whether the current battery state is a charging state, if so, entering step S2, otherwise, entering step S4;
step S2, selecting a charging calibration point according to the battery characteristics and the tested dynamic voltage curve, and performing linear difference interpolation according to the temperature acquired by the BMS and the voltage and the temperature of the calibration point to obtain a charging reference voltage;
step S3, determine whether toThe first constraint condition is satisfied, if so, the step S8 is carried out, otherwise, the step S1 is returned to; wherein the first constraint condition is: the current highest single voltage is larger than the corresponding reference voltage at the current temperature, and the current is smaller than a first current threshold IcAnd the current SOC is less than the SOC at the calibration point;
s4, selecting a discharge calibration point according to the battery characteristics and the tested dynamic voltage curve, performing linear difference interpolation according to the temperature acquired by the BMS and the voltage and the temperature of the calibration point to obtain a discharge reference voltage, and repeatedly executing S5-S7 every 1 second in the discharge process;
step S5, judging whether the second constraint condition is met, if yes, adding one to a counter corresponding to the current calibration point, and executing step S6; if not, the current counter is cleared, and the step S4 is executed; wherein the second constraint condition is: the lowest cell voltage collected by the BMS is less than the reference voltage obtained in the step S4, and the current is less than a second current threshold Id
Step S6, if the counter corresponding to the current calibration point is larger than 60 and the current SOC is larger than the SOC of the calibration point, executing step S7; if not, returning to the step S4;
step S7, if the difference between the current SOC and the SOC corresponding to the voltage of the calibration point is more than 5%, calibrating the current SOC to be the current SOC minus 5%, otherwise executing step S8;
and step S8, directly calibrating the current SOC into the SOC corresponding to the calibration point voltage, and smoothing the SOC before and after calibration to prevent SOC jump.
2. The method for dynamically correcting the SOC of the lithium battery according to the claim 1, wherein a charging or discharging calibration point is selected according to the battery characteristics and the tested dynamic voltage curve, and the method further comprises the step of obtaining a corresponding relation curve of the SOC and the voltage by respectively using the first current threshold Ic and the second current threshold Id when the temperature of the battery cell reaches 25 ℃.
3. The dynamic voltage correction lithium battery SOC method of claim 2, wherein the first current threshold Ic and the second current threshold Id are selected according to cell characteristics and are both less than 0.5C.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the obtaining the corresponding relation curve between the SOC and the voltage according to the first current threshold Ic further comprises obtaining the corresponding relation curve between the SOC and the voltage at different temperatures by adjusting the temperature from 0 ℃ to 50 ℃ at intervals of 10 ℃.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the obtaining the SOC-to-voltage correspondence curve with the second current threshold Id further comprises obtaining SOC-to-voltage correspondence curves at different temperatures by adjusting the temperature from-20 degrees Celsius to 50 degrees Celsius at intervals of 10 degrees Celsius.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the step S8 further includes approaching the current SOC to the calibrated SOC at a rate of 1%/20 seconds when the SOC triggers calibration, performing normal ampere-hour integration on the calibrated SOC, and stopping the calibration when the difference between the current SOC and the calibrated SOC is less than 0.05%.
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