CN110385903B - Light broadband wave-absorbing material based on impedance metamaterial and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Light broadband wave-absorbing material based on impedance metamaterial and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN110385903B
CN110385903B CN201910782713.0A CN201910782713A CN110385903B CN 110385903 B CN110385903 B CN 110385903B CN 201910782713 A CN201910782713 A CN 201910782713A CN 110385903 B CN110385903 B CN 110385903B
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carbon nanotube
absorbing material
wave
metamaterial
light broadband
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CN110385903A (en
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杨智慧
孙新
田江晓
张久霖
秦军峰
赵轶伦
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Beijing Institute of Environmental Features
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Abstract

The invention relates to a light broadband wave-absorbing material based on an impedance metamaterial and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: (1) dispersing carbon nanotube powder into a resin solution to prepare carbon nanotube slurry, and then coating the carbon nanotube slurry on a polyimide film by scraping to obtain a carbon nanotube coating film; (2) etching a periodic structure consisting of a plurality of periodic structure units on the carbon nano tube coating film obtained in the step (1) to obtain an impedance metamaterial; (3) and (3) bonding the impedance metamaterial obtained in the step (2) with a low dielectric film through a bonding agent, and then curing to obtain the light broadband wave-absorbing material. The light broadband wave-absorbing material prepared by the invention has excellent wave-absorbing performance in a wave band of 8-18GHz, has an absorption bandwidth of 10GHz, and has the excellent characteristics of light weight, thin thickness and insensitive polarization.

Description

Light broadband wave-absorbing material based on impedance metamaterial and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wave-absorbing materials, and particularly relates to a light broadband wave-absorbing material based on an impedance metamaterial and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the development of microwave detection technology, the system has higher and higher requirements on the light and broadband absorption performance of microwave absorption materials. The traditional wave-absorbing materials such as ferrite, carbonyl iron powder, metal micro powder and the like can only have wave-absorbing performance in a narrow frequency band range. The structural wave-absorbing material is a main technical means for realizing broadband stealth, and is usually formed by compounding absorbents such as graphite, carbon black and the like with glass fiber reinforced plastics or foam to form a structural form with certain mechanical strength, but the condition for realizing broadband of the structural wave-absorbing material is enough thickness, which is not possessed by a system structure, so that the application of the structural wave-absorbing material is limited to a certain extent.
Chinese patent application CN201811156780.3 discloses a wave-absorbing material, which comprises a plurality of graphene films and a plurality of low dielectric films, wherein the graphene films and the low dielectric films are alternately stacked, the surface of the graphene film is a graphene film, and the bottom surface of the graphene film is a low dielectric film; although the wave-absorbing material in the patent application has excellent wave-absorbing performance in a 2-40 GHz wave band, the thickness of the wave-absorbing material still needs to reach about 20mm to realize the characteristic of wide absorption frequency band, and the density also reaches 0.3g/cm3On the other hand, the weight is still heavy.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a light broadband wave-absorbing material based on an impedance metamaterial and a preparation method thereof, aiming at the problems of large weight, narrow absorption band and large thickness of the existing coating wave-absorbing material and composite structure wave-absorbing material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a light broadband wave-absorbing material based on an impedance metamaterial and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problems of large weight, narrow absorption band and large thickness of the traditional coating wave-absorbing material and the traditional composite structure wave-absorbing material.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides, in a first aspect, a method for preparing a light broadband wave-absorbing material based on a resistive metamaterial, including the following steps:
(1) dispersing carbon nanotube powder into a resin solution to prepare carbon nanotube slurry, and then coating the carbon nanotube slurry on a polyimide film by scraping to obtain a carbon nanotube coating film;
(2) etching a periodic structure consisting of a plurality of periodic structure units on the carbon nano tube coating film obtained in the step (1) to obtain an impedance metamaterial;
(3) and (3) bonding the impedance metamaterial obtained in the step (2) with a low dielectric film through a bonding agent, and then curing to obtain the light broadband wave-absorbing material.
Preferably, the thickness of the impedance metamaterial is 0.101-0.151 mm; and/or the thickness of the low dielectric film is 3 to 5 mm.
Preferably, the periodic structure unit is a regular hexagon, the side length of the inner contour of the regular hexagon is 3.6-3.8 mm, the side length of the outer contour of the regular hexagon is 4.65-4.85 mm, and the center-to-center distance between every two adjacent regular hexagons is 8.56-8.76 mm.
Preferably, the surface resistance of the carbon nanotube coating film obtained in the step (1) is 30-80 omega.
Preferably, the mass percentage of the carbon nanotube powder contained in the carbon nanotube slurry is 1.5-15%.
Preferably, the low dielectric film is made of one or more of polymethacrylimide, polyimide, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene and polyurethane.
Preferably, the binder is selected from one or more of epoxy resin, unsaturated resin, bismaleimide resin and phenolic resin.
Preferably, in the step (3), the curing temperature is 80-120 ℃, and the curing time is 10-40 min.
Preferably, the reflectivity of the light broadband wave-absorbing material in a 8-18GHz wave band is less than-5 dB, and the density of the light broadband wave-absorbing material is 0.05-0.1 g/cm3。
In a second aspect, the invention provides a light broadband wave-absorbing material based on a resistive metamaterial, which is prepared by the preparation method of the first aspect, and the light broadband wave-absorbing material comprises a resistive metamaterial and a low dielectric film which are bonded together, and the resistive metamaterial is formed by etching a periodic structure consisting of a plurality of periodic structure units on the carbon nanotube coating film.
Compared with the prior art, the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the light broadband wave-absorbing material has excellent wave-absorbing performance in a 8-18GHz band, the reflectivity in the 8-18GHz band is less than-5 to-8 dB, the absorption bandwidth reaches 10GHz, and the wave-absorbing performance has polarization insensitivity.
(2) The density of the light broadband wave-absorbing material is 0.05-0.1 g/cm3The thickness of the light broadband wave-absorbing material is 3.101-5.151 mm, and the light broadband wave-absorbing material has the excellent characteristics of light weight, thin thickness, broadband absorption and polarization insensitivity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a lightweight broadband wave-absorbing material based on a resistive metamaterial in the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the periodic structure etched on a carbon nanotube coating film in one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a diagram of a reflectivity test result of the light broadband wave-absorbing material in the horizontal polarization direction and the vertical polarization direction in embodiment 1 of the present invention. In the figure, the abscissa Frequency represents Frequency in GHz, and the ordinate Reflectivity represents Reflectivity in dB; VV denotes a vertical polarization direction, and HH denotes a horizontal polarization direction.
Fig. 4 is a graph of the reflectivity test results of the light broadband absorbing material in the horizontal polarization direction and the vertical polarization direction in embodiment 2 of the invention. In the figure, the abscissa Frequency represents Frequency in GHz, and the ordinate Reflectivity represents Reflectivity in dB; VV denotes a vertical polarization direction, and HH denotes a horizontal polarization direction.
Fig. 5 is a graph of the reflectivity test results of the light broadband absorbing material in the horizontal polarization direction and the vertical polarization direction in embodiment 3 of the invention. In the figure, the abscissa Frequency represents Frequency in GHz, and the ordinate Reflectivity represents Reflectivity in dB; VV denotes a vertical polarization direction, and HH denotes a horizontal polarization direction.
In the figure: 1: a resistive metamaterial; 2: a low dielectric film.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a preparation method of a light broadband wave-absorbing material based on an impedance metamaterial, which comprises the following steps:
(1) dispersing carbon nanotube powder into a resin solution to prepare carbon nanotube slurry, and then coating the carbon nanotube slurry on a polyimide film by scraping to obtain a carbon nanotube coating film; in the invention, the carbon nanotube slurry is coated on a polyimide film by scraping to form a carbon nanotube coating film with certain impedance; in the present invention, the carbon nanotube coating film is composed of a polyimide film and a carbon nanotube film; the carbon nanotube film is formed by blade coating the carbon nanotube slurry on the polyimide film (substrate);
(2) etching (for example, laser etching) a periodic structure consisting of a plurality of (two or more) periodic structure units on the carbon nanotube coating film obtained in the step (1) to obtain the impedance metamaterial; in the invention, a specific periodic structure pattern is etched on the carbon nanotube coating film to form a metamaterial with certain impedance; in the invention, the periodic structure is etched on the carbon nanotube film included in the carbon nanotube coating; specifically, for example, a carbon nanotube coating film is placed on a laser etching instrument workbench for vacuum adsorption, a designed metamaterial structure model is introduced, and 1-10 cycles (etching times) (for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 or 10 cycles) are etched on a carbon nanotube film included in the carbon nanotube coating film to form the periodic structure, so as to obtain the impedance metamaterial;
(3) bonding the impedance metamaterial obtained in the step (2) with a low dielectric film through a bonding agent, and then curing to obtain the light broadband wave-absorbing material; in the invention, a layer of adhesive is coated on the surface of a low dielectric film, then one surface of a polyimide film included in the impedance metamaterial is adhered to the low dielectric film, and the light broadband wave-absorbing material is prepared by curing after the adhesion is finished; in the present invention, a low dielectric film is also referred to as a low dielectric or a low dielectric material film.
According to the invention, the periodic structure is etched on the carbon nanotube film included in the carbon nanotube coating, the resonance characteristic of the film to electromagnetic waves can be effectively regulated and controlled by adjusting the size of the periodic unit, and the broadband absorption of the electromagnetic waves is realized by utilizing resonance. The light broadband wave-absorbing material prepared by the invention has excellent wave-absorbing performance (absorption performance) in a wave band of 8-18GHz, the reflectivity in the wave band of 8-18GHz is less than-5 to-8 dB, the absorption bandwidth reaches 10GHz, and the wave-absorbing performance has the polarization insensitivity; the density of the light broadband wave-absorbing material prepared by the invention is 0.05-0.1 g/cm3The thickness of the light broadband wave-absorbing material is 3.101-5.151 mm, and the light broadband wave-absorbing material has the excellent characteristics of light weight, thin thickness, broadband absorption and polarization insensitivity.
According to some preferred embodiments, the thickness of the resistive metamaterial is 0.101 to 0.151mm (e.g., 0.101, 0.11, 0.12, 0.13, 0.14, or 0.151 mm); and/or the low dielectric film has a thickness of 3 to 5mm (e.g., 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, or 5 mm); for example, as shown in FIG. 1, the thickness of the resistive metamaterial is represented by d1, and the thickness of the low dielectric film is represented by d 2. In the invention, the thickness d2 of the low dielectric film has an important influence on the wave absorbing performance of the prepared light broadband wave absorbing material, d2 influences the position of a resonance peak, the absorption peak value moves towards the low frequency direction along with the increase of d2, and when d2 is not within the range of 3-5 mm, that is, the wave absorbing performance of the light broadband wave absorbing material is deteriorated due to too thick or too thin d2, so that the absorption bandwidth of the prepared light broadband wave absorbing material is narrowed.
According to some preferred embodiments, the periodic structure unit is a regular hexagon, for example, as shown in fig. 2, the side length a of the inner contour of the regular hexagon is 3.6 to 3.8mm, the side length b of the outer contour of the regular hexagon is 4.65 to 4.85mm, and the center-to-center distance c between every two adjacent regular hexagons is 8.56 to 8.76 mm. In the invention, the periodic structure units are preferably regular hexagons, and are insensitive to polarization because the periodic structure units are symmetrical patterns; in the invention, preferably, a is 3.6-3.8 mm, b is 4.65-4.85 mm, c is 8.56-8.76 mm, and the values of a, b and c are important, because the values of a, b and c have direct influence on the wave-absorbing performance of the prepared light broadband wave-absorbing material, including the position, size and absorption bandwidth of an absorption peak.
According to some preferred embodiments, the surface resistance of the carbon nanotube coating film obtained in step (1) is 30 to 80 Ω (e.g., 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, or 80 Ω). In the invention, the light broadband wave-absorbing material prepared by coating carbon nanotubes with different conductivities has different corresponding absorption bandwidths, and the corresponding absorption bandwidths can be reduced along with the increase of the conductivities, so that the surface resistance of the carbon nanotube coating is preferably 30-80 omega, which is beneficial to ensuring the preparation of the light broadband wave-absorbing material with wide absorption bandwidth; in the present invention, the surface resistance of the carbon nanotube coating film is related to the concentration of the carbon nanotubes, the thickness of the carbon nanotube film, and the like.
According to some preferred embodiments, the carbon nanotube powder is contained in the carbon nanotube slurry in an amount of 1.5 to 15% by mass (e.g., 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 6.5%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5%, 9%, 9.5%, 10%, 10.5%, 11%, 11.5%, 12%, 12.5%, 13%, 13.5%, 14%, 14.5%, or 15%).
According to some preferred embodiments, the preparation of the carbon nanotube coating film in step (1) includes the following sub-steps:
(a) uniformly mixing carbon nanotube powder, water and a dispersing agent (such as KH560 dispersing agent) to obtain a carbon nanotube dispersion liquid; specifically, for example, 5 to 15g of purified carbon nanotube powder is weighed and placed in a 1000mL beaker, 50g of distilled water and 0.5g of dispersing agent are added, and the mixture is placed in a double-planet stirrer to be stirred for 10 to 30min, so as to obtain a carbon nanotube dispersion liquid which is uniformly stirred and mixed; in the present invention, KH560 refers to gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane;
(b) adding resin (such as acrylic resin) into the carbon nanotube dispersion liquid and uniformly mixing to prepare and form the carbon nanotube slurry; specifically, for example, 75 to 95g of acrylic resin is added into the uniformly stirred carbon nanotube dispersion liquid, the mixture is stirred in a double-planetary stirrer for 10 to 30min, and then the mixture is put into a ball mill for ball milling for 10 to 20min until the slurry is uniformly dispersed, so as to form the carbon nanotube slurry;
(c) coating the prepared carbon nano tube slurry on a polyimide film by using a scraper, and then placing the polyimide film in an oven to be baked to obtain the carbon nano tube coating film; specifically, for example, 20 to 30g of carbon nanotube slurry is weighed, the carbon nanotube slurry is uniformly spread on a polyimide film with a thickness of 100um by using a scraper with a size of 150 to 200um, and the polyimide film is placed in an oven and baked at 140 ℃ for 5 to 20min to obtain a carbon nanotube film with a surface resistance of 30 to 80 Ω.
According to some preferred embodiments, the low dielectric film is made of one or more materials selected from Polymethacrylimide (PMI), polyimide, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, and polyurethane.
According to some preferred embodiments, the binder is selected from one or more of epoxy resins, unsaturated resins, bismaleimide resins, phenolic resins.
According to some preferred embodiments, in the step (3), the curing temperature is 80 to 120 ℃ (e.g., 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 110 ℃ or 120 ℃), and the curing time is 10 to 40min (e.g., 10, 20, 25, 30, 35 or 40 min).
According to some preferred embodiments, the reflectivity of the light broadband wave-absorbing material in a 8-18GHz wave band is less than-5 dB, and the density of the light broadband wave-absorbing material is 0.05-0.1 g/cm3. In the invention, the reflectivity is a negative value, and the smaller the reflectivity (the larger the absolute value), the better the wave absorbing performance of the wave absorbing material.
According to some more preferable embodiments, the reflectivity of the light broadband wave-absorbing material in a 8-18GHz band is not more than-8 dB, and the light broadband wave-absorbing material has polarization insensitivity.
According to some specific embodiments, the preparation process of the light broadband wave-absorbing material is as follows:
s1 preparation of carbon nanotube slurry
Weighing 5-15g of purified carbon nanotube powder, putting the purified carbon nanotube powder into a 1000mL beaker, adding 50g of distilled water and 0.5g of dispersing agent, putting the mixture into a double-planet stirrer, and stirring for 10-30min to obtain uniformly mixed carbon nanotube dispersion liquid; and adding 75-95g of acrylic resin into the uniformly stirred carbon nanotube dispersion liquid, stirring in a double-planet stirrer for 10-30min, and putting into a ball mill for ball milling for 10-20min until the slurry is uniformly dispersed to form carbon nanotube slurry.
S2 blade coating of carbon nanotube slurry
Weighing 20-30g of carbon nanotube slurry, uniformly coating the carbon nanotube slurry on a polyimide film with the thickness of 100um by using a 150-200um scraper, and placing the polyimide film in an oven for baking for 5-20min at 140 ℃ to obtain a carbon nanotube coating film with the surface resistance of 30-80 omega.
S3 preparation of resistive metamaterial
And placing the carbon nano tube coating film on a workbench of a laser etching instrument for vacuum adsorption, introducing the carbon nano tube coating film into a designed metamaterial structure model, and etching for 1-10 cycles to obtain the impedance metamaterial.
S4 composition of impedance metamaterial and low-dielectric film
Coating a layer of epoxy resin on the surface of the low dielectric film, and adhering one surface of a polyimide film contained in the impedance metamaterial on the low dielectric film; and after the bonding is finished, putting the materials into a high-temperature furnace to be cured for 20-40min at the temperature of 100 ℃ to obtain the light broadband wave-absorbing material based on the impedance metamaterial (the light broadband radar wave-absorbing material based on the impedance metamaterial).
The invention provides in a second aspect a light broadband wave-absorbing material based on impedance metamaterial prepared by the preparation method of the first aspect of the invention, the light broadband wave-absorbing material comprises an impedance metamaterial and a low dielectric film which are bonded together, and the impedance metamaterial is formed by etching a periodic structure consisting of a plurality of periodic structure units on the carbon nanotube coating; in the present invention, for example, as shown in fig. 1, the lightweight broadband absorbing material based on the resistive metamaterial is composed of a resistive metamaterial and a low dielectric film, and has a two-layer structure, wherein the first layer is the resistive metamaterial, and the second layer is the low dielectric film, wherein the resistive metamaterial is formed by etching the periodic structure on the carbon nanotube coating film.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples. These examples are merely illustrative of preferred embodiments of the present invention and the scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited to these examples.
Example 1
Preparing a light broadband radar wave-absorbing material based on an impedance metamaterial, wherein the light broadband radar wave-absorbing material is composed of the impedance metamaterial and a low dielectric film and has a two-layer structure as shown in figure 1; the first layer is made of impedance metamaterial, the thickness d1 is 0.13mm, the second layer is made of a low dielectric film, the adopted low dielectric material is polymethacrylimide PMI, and the thickness d2 is 4 mm. The impedance metamaterial is formed by etching a periodic structure on a carbon nanotube coating, the periodic structure unit is a regular hexagon, the periodic structure unit and a formed periodic structure pattern are shown in fig. 2, wherein a is 3.7mm, b is 4.75mm, and c is 8.66 mm.
The preparation process of the light broadband radar wave-absorbing material based on the impedance metamaterial comprises the following steps:
s1 preparation of carbon nanotube slurry
Weighing 5g of purified carbon nanotube powder, putting the purified carbon nanotube powder into a 1000mL beaker, adding 50g of distilled water and 0.5g of KH560 dispersing agent, putting the mixture into a double-planet stirrer, and stirring for 20min to obtain uniformly mixed carbon nanotube dispersion liquid; and adding 95g of acrylic resin into the uniformly stirred carbon nanotube dispersion liquid, stirring for 20min in a double-planet stirrer, and putting the mixture into a ball mill for ball milling for 15min until the slurry is uniformly dispersed to form carbon nanotube slurry.
S2 blade coating of carbon nanotube slurry
Weighing 20g of carbon nanotube slurry, uniformly coating the carbon nanotube slurry on a polyimide film with the thickness of 100um by using a 150um scraper, and placing the polyimide film in an oven for baking for 10min at the temperature of 140 ℃ to obtain a carbon nanotube coating film with the surface resistance of 80 omega.
S3 preparation of resistive metamaterial
And placing the carbon nanotube coating film on a workbench of a laser etching instrument for vacuum adsorption, introducing the carbon nanotube coating film into a designed metamaterial structure model, and etching for 4 cycles to obtain the impedance metamaterial.
S4 composition of impedance metamaterial and low-dielectric film
Coating a layer of epoxy resin on the surface of the low dielectric film, and adhering one surface of a polyimide film contained in the impedance metamaterial on the low dielectric film; and after the bonding is finished, putting the materials into a high-temperature furnace to be cured for 30min at the temperature of 100 ℃ to obtain the light broadband wave-absorbing material based on the impedance metamaterial (the light broadband radar wave-absorbing material based on the impedance metamaterial).
The reflectivity of the light broadband wave-absorbing material prepared by the embodiment is less than-8 dB in a wave band of 8-18GHz, the absorption bandwidth reaches 10GHz, and the wave-absorbing performance has polarization insensitivity, as shown in FIG. 3, the electromagnetic wave absorption curves of the light broadband wave-absorbing material under different polarization angles (horizontal polarization direction and vertical polarization direction) are overlapped, and the light broadband wave-absorbing material has polarization insensitivity; the density of the light broadband wave-absorbing material prepared by the embodiment is 0.052g/cm3The thickness is 4.13mm, and the light-weight and thin-thickness broadband-absorbing polarization-insensitive polarizer has the excellent characteristics of light weight, thin thickness, broadband absorption and polarization insensitivity.
Example 2
Preparing a light broadband radar wave-absorbing material based on an impedance metamaterial, wherein the light broadband radar wave-absorbing material is composed of the impedance metamaterial and a low dielectric film and has a two-layer structure as shown in figure 1; the first layer is made of impedance metamaterial, the thickness d1 is 0.13mm, the second layer is made of a low dielectric film, the adopted low dielectric material is polymethacrylimide PMI, and the thickness d2 is 8 mm. The impedance metamaterial is formed by etching a periodic structure on a carbon nanotube coating, the periodic structure unit is a regular hexagon, the periodic structure unit and a formed periodic structure pattern are shown in fig. 2, wherein a is 3.7mm, b is 4.75mm, and c is 8.66 mm.
The preparation process of the light broadband radar wave-absorbing material based on the impedance metamaterial comprises the following steps:
s1 preparation of carbon nanotube slurry
Weighing 5g of purified carbon nanotube powder, putting the purified carbon nanotube powder into a 1000mL beaker, adding 50g of distilled water and 0.5g of KH560 dispersing agent, putting the mixture into a double-planet stirrer, and stirring for 20min to obtain uniformly mixed carbon nanotube dispersion liquid; and adding 95g of acrylic resin into the uniformly stirred carbon nanotube dispersion liquid, stirring for 20min in a double-planet stirrer, and putting the mixture into a ball mill for ball milling for 15min until the slurry is uniformly dispersed to form carbon nanotube slurry.
S2 blade coating of carbon nanotube slurry
Weighing 20g of carbon nanotube slurry, uniformly coating the carbon nanotube slurry on a polyimide film with the thickness of 100um by using a 150um scraper, and placing the polyimide film in an oven for baking for 10min at the temperature of 140 ℃ to obtain a carbon nanotube coating film with the surface resistance of 80 omega.
S3 preparation of resistive metamaterial
And placing the carbon nanotube coating film on a workbench of a laser etching instrument for vacuum adsorption, introducing the carbon nanotube coating film into a designed metamaterial structure model, and etching for 4 cycles to obtain the impedance metamaterial.
S4 composition of impedance metamaterial and low-dielectric film
Coating a layer of epoxy resin on the surface of the low dielectric film, and adhering one surface of a polyimide film contained in the impedance metamaterial on the low dielectric film; and after the bonding is finished, putting the materials into a high-temperature furnace to be cured for 30min at the temperature of 100 ℃ to obtain the light broadband wave-absorbing material based on the impedance metamaterial (the light broadband radar wave-absorbing material based on the impedance metamaterial).
The reflectivity of the light broadband wave-absorbing material prepared by the embodiment is less than-5 dB in the 8-18GHz band,the absorption performance is slightly poor, the wave-absorbing performance has polarization insensitivity, as shown in fig. 4, the electromagnetic wave absorption curves of the light broadband wave-absorbing material under different polarization angles (horizontal polarization direction and vertical polarization direction) are overlapped, and the light broadband wave-absorbing material has polarization insensitivity; the density of the light broadband wave-absorbing material prepared by the embodiment is 0.057g/cm3。
Example 3
Preparing a light broadband radar wave-absorbing material based on an impedance metamaterial, wherein the light broadband radar wave-absorbing material is composed of the impedance metamaterial and a low dielectric film and has a two-layer structure as shown in figure 1; the first layer is made of impedance metamaterial, the thickness d1 is 0.13mm, the second layer is made of a low dielectric film, the adopted low dielectric material is polymethacrylimide PMI, and the thickness d2 is 4 mm. The impedance metamaterial is formed by etching a periodic structure on a carbon nanotube coating, the periodic structure unit is a regular hexagon, the periodic structure unit and a formed periodic structure pattern are shown in fig. 2, wherein a is 3.7mm, b is 4.75mm, and c is 8.66 mm.
The preparation process of the light broadband radar wave-absorbing material based on the impedance metamaterial comprises the following steps:
s1 preparation of carbon nanotube slurry
Weighing 8g of purified carbon nanotube powder, putting the carbon nanotube powder into a 1000mL beaker, adding 50g of distilled water and 0.5g of KH560 dispersing agent, putting the mixture into a double-planet stirrer, and stirring for 20min to obtain uniformly mixed carbon nanotube dispersion liquid; and adding 95g of acrylic resin into the uniformly stirred carbon nanotube dispersion liquid, stirring for 20min in a double-planet stirrer, and putting the mixture into a ball mill for ball milling for 15min until the slurry is uniformly dispersed to form carbon nanotube slurry.
S2 blade coating of carbon nanotube slurry
Weighing 20g of carbon nanotube slurry, uniformly coating the carbon nanotube slurry on a polyimide film with the thickness of 100um by using a 150um scraper, and placing the polyimide film in an oven for baking for 10min at the temperature of 140 ℃ to obtain a carbon nanotube coating film with the surface resistance of 40 omega.
S3 preparation of resistive metamaterial
And placing the carbon nanotube coating film on a workbench of a laser etching instrument for vacuum adsorption, introducing the carbon nanotube coating film into a designed metamaterial structure model, and etching for 4 cycles to obtain the impedance metamaterial.
S4 composition of impedance metamaterial and low-dielectric film
Coating a layer of epoxy resin on the surface of the low dielectric film, and adhering one surface of a polyimide film contained in the impedance metamaterial on the low dielectric film; and after the bonding is finished, putting the materials into a high-temperature furnace to be cured for 30min at the temperature of 100 ℃ to obtain the light broadband wave-absorbing material based on the impedance metamaterial (the light broadband radar wave-absorbing material based on the impedance metamaterial).
The reflectivity of the light broadband wave-absorbing material prepared by the embodiment is less than-7 dB at a wave band of 8-18GHz, the absorption performance is slightly poor, and the wave-absorbing performance has polarization insensitivity, as shown in FIG. 5, the electromagnetic wave absorption curves of the light broadband wave-absorbing material under different polarization angles (horizontal polarization direction and vertical polarization direction) are overlapped, so that the light broadband wave-absorbing material has polarization insensitivity; the density of the light broadband wave-absorbing material prepared by the embodiment is 0.052g/cm3The thickness is 4.13mm, and the light-weight and thin-thickness broadband-absorbing polarization-insensitive polarizer has the excellent characteristics of light weight, thin thickness, broadband absorption and polarization insensitivity.
Comparative example 1
Preparing a wave-absorbing material, wherein the wave-absorbing material is composed of a carbon nano tube coating film and a low dielectric film and has a two-layer structure; the first layer is a carbon nano tube coating film with the thickness of 0.13mm, the second layer is a low dielectric medium film, the adopted low dielectric medium material is polymethacrylimide PMI with the thickness of 4 mm; in this comparative example, the periodic structure was not etched on the first carbon nanotube coating film.
The preparation process of the wave-absorbing material is as follows:
s1 preparation of carbon nanotube slurry
Weighing 5g of purified carbon nanotube powder, putting the purified carbon nanotube powder into a 1000mL beaker, adding 50g of distilled water and 0.5g of KH560 dispersing agent, putting the mixture into a double-planet stirrer, and stirring for 20min to obtain uniformly mixed carbon nanotube dispersion liquid; and adding 95g of acrylic resin into the uniformly stirred carbon nanotube dispersion liquid, stirring for 20min in a double-planet stirrer, and putting the mixture into a ball mill for ball milling for 15min until the slurry is uniformly dispersed to form carbon nanotube slurry.
S2 blade coating of carbon nanotube slurry
Weighing 20g of carbon nanotube slurry, uniformly coating the carbon nanotube slurry on a polyimide film with the thickness of 100um by using a 150um scraper, and placing the polyimide film in an oven for baking for 10min at the temperature of 140 ℃, wherein the surface resistance of the carbon nanotube film is 80 omega.
S3, carbon nanotube coating film and low dielectric film composite
Coating a layer of epoxy resin on the surface of the low dielectric film, and adhering one surface of a polyimide film contained in the carbon nanotube coating film on the low dielectric film; and after the bonding is finished, putting the mixture into a high-temperature furnace to be cured for 30min at the temperature of 100 ℃ to obtain the wave-absorbing material.
The wave-absorbing material prepared by the comparative example has the reflectivity of less than-3 dB at a wave band of 8-18GHz and poor absorption performance.
Comparative example 2
Preparing a light broadband radar wave-absorbing material based on an impedance metamaterial, wherein the light broadband radar wave-absorbing material is composed of the impedance metamaterial and a low dielectric film and has a two-layer structure as shown in figure 1; the first layer is made of impedance metamaterial, the thickness d1 is 0.13mm, the second layer is made of a low dielectric film, the adopted low dielectric material is polymethacrylimide PMI, and the thickness d2 is 1 mm. The impedance metamaterial is formed by etching a periodic structure on a carbon nanotube coating, the periodic structure unit is a regular hexagon, the periodic structure unit and a formed periodic structure pattern are shown in fig. 2, wherein a is 3.7mm, b is 4.75mm, and c is 8.66 mm.
The preparation process of the light broadband radar wave-absorbing material based on the impedance metamaterial comprises the following steps:
s1 preparation of carbon nanotube slurry
Weighing 5g of purified carbon nanotube powder, putting the purified carbon nanotube powder into a 1000mL beaker, adding 50g of distilled water and 0.5g of KH560 dispersing agent, putting the mixture into a double-planet stirrer, and stirring for 20min to obtain uniformly mixed carbon nanotube dispersion liquid; and adding 95g of acrylic resin into the uniformly stirred carbon nanotube dispersion liquid, stirring for 20min in a double-planet stirrer, and putting the mixture into a ball mill for ball milling for 15min until the slurry is uniformly dispersed to form carbon nanotube slurry.
S2 blade coating of carbon nanotube slurry
Weighing 20g of carbon nanotube slurry, uniformly coating the carbon nanotube slurry on a polyimide film with the thickness of 100um by using a 150um scraper, and placing the polyimide film in an oven for baking for 10min at the temperature of 140 ℃ to obtain a carbon nanotube coating film with the surface resistance of 80 omega.
S3 preparation of resistive metamaterial
And placing the carbon nanotube coating film on a workbench of a laser etching instrument for vacuum adsorption, introducing the carbon nanotube coating film into a designed metamaterial structure model, and etching for 4 cycles to obtain the impedance metamaterial.
S4 composition of impedance metamaterial and low-dielectric film
Coating a layer of epoxy resin on the surface of the low dielectric film, and adhering one surface of a polyimide film contained in the impedance metamaterial on the low dielectric film; and after the bonding is finished, putting the materials into a high-temperature furnace to be cured for 30min at the temperature of 100 ℃ to obtain the light broadband wave-absorbing material based on the impedance metamaterial (the light broadband radar wave-absorbing material based on the impedance metamaterial).
The reflectivity of the light broadband wave-absorbing material prepared by the comparative example is less than-3 dB at a wave band of 8-18GHz, the wave-absorbing performance is poor, electromagnetic wave absorption curves of the light broadband wave-absorbing material under different polarization angles (in a horizontal polarization direction and a vertical polarization direction) are superposed, and the light broadband wave-absorbing material has a polarization insensitive characteristic; the density of the light broadband wave-absorbing material prepared by the comparative example is 0.052g/cm3The thickness is 1.13 mm.
Finally, the description is as follows: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the embodiments can still be modified, or some technical features can be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention in its spirit and scope.

Claims (6)

1. A preparation method of a light broadband wave-absorbing material based on an impedance metamaterial is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) dispersing carbon nanotube powder into a resin solution to prepare carbon nanotube slurry, and then coating the carbon nanotube slurry on a polyimide film by scraping to obtain a carbon nanotube coating film; the surface resistance of the carbon nanotube coating film is 30-80 omega;
(2) etching a periodic structure consisting of a plurality of periodic structure units on the carbon nano tube coating film obtained in the step (1) to obtain an impedance metamaterial; the periodic structure units are regular hexagons, the side length of the inner outline of each regular hexagon is 3.6-3.8 mm, the side length of the outer outline of each regular hexagon is 4.65-4.85 mm, and the center distance between every two adjacent regular hexagons is 8.56-8.76 mm;
(3) bonding the impedance metamaterial obtained in the step (2) with a low dielectric film through a bonding agent, and then curing to obtain the light broadband wave-absorbing material; the light broadband wave-absorbing material comprises a resistance metamaterial and a low-dielectric film which are bonded together, wherein the resistance metamaterial is formed by etching a periodic structure consisting of a plurality of periodic structure units on the carbon nano tube coating;
the thickness of the impedance metamaterial is 0.101-0.151 mm; the thickness of the low dielectric film is 3-5 mm; the total thickness of the light broadband wave-absorbing material is 3.101-5.151 mm;
the reflectivity of the light broadband wave-absorbing material in a wave band of 8-18GHz is not more than-8 dB, and the density of the light broadband wave-absorbing material is 0.05-0.1 g/cm3。
2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the mass percentage of the carbon nanotube powder contained in the carbon nanotube slurry is 1.5-15%.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the low dielectric film is made of one or more materials of polymethacrylimide, polyimide, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene and polyurethane.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the binder is selected from one or more of epoxy resin, unsaturated resin, bismaleimide resin and phenolic resin.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein:
in the step (3), the curing temperature is 80-120 ℃, and the curing time is 10-40 min.
6. The light broadband wave-absorbing material based on the impedance metamaterial prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 5 is characterized in that: the light broadband wave-absorbing material comprises a resistance metamaterial and a low-dielectric film which are bonded together, wherein the resistance metamaterial is formed by etching a periodic structure consisting of a plurality of periodic structure units on the carbon nano tube coating.
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