CN110382136A - The crystal grain refinement of the ingot casting of shear-induced - Google Patents

The crystal grain refinement of the ingot casting of shear-induced Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110382136A
CN110382136A CN201880013971.6A CN201880013971A CN110382136A CN 110382136 A CN110382136 A CN 110382136A CN 201880013971 A CN201880013971 A CN 201880013971A CN 110382136 A CN110382136 A CN 110382136A
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China
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molten metal
reynolds number
casting
metal
nozzle
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S.R.沃格斯塔夫
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Novelis Inc Canada
Novelis Corp
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Novelis Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
    • B22D17/2015—Means for forcing the molten metal into the die
    • B22D17/2023—Nozzles or shot sleeves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
    • B22D11/049—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds for direct chill casting, e.g. electromagnetic casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
    • B22D21/002—Castings of light metals
    • B22D21/007—Castings of light metals with low melting point, e.g. Al 659 degrees C, Mg 650 degrees C
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • B22D7/005—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals from non-ferrous metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D15/00—Casting using a mould or core of which a part significant to the process is of high thermal conductivity, e.g. chill casting; Moulds or accessories specially adapted therefor
    • B22D15/04—Machines or apparatus for chill casting

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)

Abstract

Molten metal can be during direct chill (DC) casting (DC of such as aluminium be cast) by having the feed pipe of the nozzle with opening to be introduced into liquid storage vessel.The opening of the nozzle is capable of being shaped to and/or is dimensioned to generate molten metal jet stream in the liquid storage vessel.The molten metal jet stream can be presented in or higher than threshold quantity Reynolds number.Compared with standard casting techniques, this kind of jet stream can be realized improved metallurgy characteristic, such as improved crystal grain refinement.It can be realized sufficiently high Reynolds number by supplying the molten metal with sufficiently high speed.When with constant volume flow rate molten metal feed (for example, to avoid fluctuation of casting speed), the nozzle can be elaborated with the opening less than normal diameter, to generate the jet stream for being higher than standard speed.

Description

The crystal grain refinement of the ingot casting of shear-induced
Cross reference to related applications
This application claims submission on 2 28th, 2017 and the entitled " crystal grain refinement (SHEAR of the ingot casting of shear-induced INDUCED GRAIN REFINEMENT OF A CAST INGOT) " U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/465,014 equity, Its content is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Technical field
The disclosure relates generally to metal casting, and more specifically to control conveying of the molten metal to die cavity.
Summary of the invention
The widely varied of crystallite dimension can be found by the cross section of direct chill (DC) ingot casting, this is because process is intrinsic Position dependence solidification rate.Use turbulent jet as metal access method have be substantially reduced crystallite dimension and its The potentiality of changeability on position.Experimental study injection capacity has been carried out to crystallite dimension and distribution in Al4.5Cu DC ingot casting Influence.It was found that instruction, dramatically increasing injection capacity can unobvious reduction crystallite dimension.On the contrary, it has been determined that crystal grain refinement institute The threshold value injection capacity needed is more than the threshold value injection capacity, it is contemplated that only small improvement.
Detailed description of the invention
Specification referring to the following drawings, wherein the use of the similar reference label in different figures be intended to illustrate it is similar or similar Component.The element for including in explanation herein may not be drawn to scale.
Fig. 1 is to describe bowing according to the position for obtaining the sample for Metallographic Analysis in the slave ingot of some aspects of the disclosure Depending on schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the surface of the grain size distribution in a quadrant for describe standard cast (SD casting) Al4.5Cu alloy Figure.
Fig. 3 is one of spray casting (JT casting) the Al4.5Cu alloy for the jet stream that description has that Reynolds number is 64,000 The exterior view of grain size distribution in quadrant.
Fig. 4 is in a quadrant for describe the spray casting Al4.5Cu alloy for the jet stream for having that Reynolds number is 69,000 The exterior view of grain size distribution.
Fig. 5 is in a quadrant for describe the spray casting Al4.5Cu alloy for the jet stream for having that Reynolds number is 81,000 The exterior view of grain size distribution.
Fig. 6 is in a quadrant for describe the spray casting Al4.5Cu alloy for the jet stream for having that Reynolds number is 97,000 The exterior view of grain size distribution.
Fig. 7 is in a quadrant for describe the spray casting Al4.5Cu alloy for the jet stream for having that Reynolds number is 121,000 The exterior view of grain size distribution.
Fig. 8 is the space Models For Secondary Dendrite Arm spacing in a quadrant for describe standard cast (SD casting) Al4.5Cu alloy Exterior view.
Fig. 9 is one of spray casting (JT casting) the Al4.5Cu alloy for the jet stream that description has that Reynolds number is 64,000 The exterior view of space Models For Secondary Dendrite Arm spacing in quadrant.
Figure 10 is in a quadrant for describe the spray casting Al4.5Cu alloy for the jet stream for having that Reynolds number is 69,000 The exterior view of space Models For Secondary Dendrite Arm spacing.
Figure 11 is in a quadrant for describe the spray casting Al4.5Cu alloy for the jet stream for having that Reynolds number is 81,000 The exterior view of space Models For Secondary Dendrite Arm spacing.
Figure 12 is in a quadrant for describe the spray casting Al4.5Cu alloy for the jet stream for having that Reynolds number is 97,000 The exterior view of space Models For Secondary Dendrite Arm spacing.
Figure 13 is in a quadrant for describe the spray casting Al4.5Cu alloy for the jet stream for having that Reynolds number is 121,000 Space Models For Secondary Dendrite Arm spacing exterior view.
Figure 14 is to describe average grain size and dendritic arm spacing with jet stream Reynolds number (Rej) variation chart.
Figure 15 is to describe the divergence (for example, range) of crystallite dimension and dendritic arm spacing with jet stream Reynolds number (Rej) variation Chart.
Figure 16 is the system for describing the sample obtained from the ingot for using spray casting technology and standard casting techniques to cast Column microphoto.
Figure 17 is the partial cross sectional view according to the metal casting system with single-nozzle of some aspects of the disclosure.
Figure 18 is the partial cross sectional view according to the metal casting system with multiple nozzles of some aspects of the disclosure.
Specific embodiment
The some aspects and feature of the disclosure are related to the application of turbulent closure scheme jet stream, as making direct chill (DC) casting aluminium The method of the grain structure homogenization and refinement that are found in ingot.By the understanding using convection current solidification, it can check that injection (such as is cut Cut) influence of the power to crystal grain refinement and uniformity in casting aluminium product (such as Al4.5Cu milled sheet billet).By described herein Experiment, it has been found that by using being designed to provide, liquid metals is supplied to mold by swiftly flowing nozzle and liquid is store Slot can realize surprising desired metallurgy characteristic in direct chill (DC) cast article.This kind of nozzle can have diameter Reduced opening, to provide higher speed stream compared with the nozzle being open with normal diameter with constant volume flow rate It is dynamic.
Tiny and uniform grain structure schedules to last the best formability of forged aluminium product and uniform mechanical property It hopes.Grain structure (size, distribution and form) is the important parameter for influencing defect (such as Thermal cracking).In direct chill (DC) casting In part, grain structure depend on many factors, including alloying component, heterogeneous nucleation site (such as grain refiner) introducing, Growth conditions and cooling rate.Due to the shape in the freezing interface that DC is formed during casting (for example, storage tank), single crystal grain Solidification rate is strongly dependent on position.This variation of solidification rate can lead to crystallite dimension and knot by big milled sheet billet The big variation of structure.
In general, the grain form in the casting of the crystal grain refinement of business is equiaxial and dendritic.However, thin in crystal grain It has been reported that non-tree dendritic particles in DC cast aluminium alloy gold when change.It is reported that the center of the AA2024 alloy in crystal grain refinement In part, compared with the rest part of dendritic structure, isothermal dendrite (" floating crystal grain ") appears as non-dendritic.
In order to attempt to modify gross segregation mode, settled using the turbulent jet equipped with specific blend nozzle to move To the crystal grain of sump bottom.Turbulences result in a finding that non-tree dendritic particles, and observe consolidated structure crystal grain refinement and The increase of uniformity.Similar to these as a result, in electromagnetic casting (EMC), different from conventional DC casting, crystallite dimension is more evenly Ground is distributed on the entire cross section of ingot, this is forced convertion, lower thermal gradient and more transmission slurry area strongly (for example, " paste Shape area ") in solid phase result.
The formation of non-dendritic structure has conducive to the structural homogeneity of DC cast article, attached in solidus curve so as to improve it Close mechanical property reduces gross segregation and reduces cracking sensitivity.On the other hand, due to semi-solid region (i.e. " paste Area ") permeability it is limited, it is believed that the formation of very thin spheric grain can increase hot tear crack sensibility.It is solidifying The important feature for the non-tree dendritic particles that period is formed is unique dependence of the non-tree dendritic particles size to cooling rate.One Determine the size of the non-tree dendritic particles under cooling rate between the dendritic arm of the dendroid crystal grain formed under identical cooling rate Away from identical.
These observation results can be non-unique for DC casting.The melt solidified using Couette viscometer study portion Viscosity.Unintentionally, dendritic structure is sheared and is crushed, and it was found that partially solidified material shows thixotropic behavior.This It was found that lead to rheocasting, this be the characteristic and unique microstructure using shearing and broken dendritic structure extruding and Die-casting technique.Excitation people are to the research interest solidified under forced convertion for this discovery.In order to attempt the disclosure being put into visual angle, it is in One bright spot of now this research.
Solidification behavior under forced convertion.
Nearly all alloy with commercial significance is all solidified with column or isometric dendritic structure dendroid.It is casting During the dendroid of part and ingot solidifies, many processes occur simultaneously in semi-solid region (for example, " mushy zone ").These processes Including crystallization, solute redistribution, mature, interdendritic fluid flowing and solids movement.Dendritic structure is by Interdendritic Liquid Flow and admittedly Body movement influence it is very big, this be in conventional coagulation as internal factor as caused by the uneven distribution of density contrast and temperature.
In research conventional coagulation, transparent organic alloy has been widely used for horizontal by direct observational study microstructure Solidification behavior.However, the blurred picture as caused by stirring strongly, even if using organic analog, this is also impossible to strong System to flow down solidification.For this reason, at present to force convention under solidification behavior understanding be by check finally solidify it is micro- It is secondhand to see structure.
Established according to Germicidal efficacy, the solidification under melt stirring generates non-dendritic structure.Use rotation rheology Instrument confirms that the solid phase of semisolid has the dendritic structure degenerated or rose-shaped form to the work that Sn-Pb system carries out.With The extension of mixing time, this kind of particle by maturation become more or less containing retention liquid spherical morphology.Increase Add shear rate to accelerate this Morphological Transitions and reduces the amount of the retention liquid inside solid particle.Other researchers use stick The rose-shaped form of solid particle is also observed in many stirring alloys with the blender of impeller-type.Then in magnetic fluid The formation of dendritic structure that is tiny and degenerating is confirmed under dynamics (MHD) stirring to the work that solidification carries out.
Grain density.
It has been observed that there is the grain density bigger than under conventional coagulation technology under forced convertion.Crystal grain refinement is returned Because of the fact still very strong when convection current associated with mold filling is in solidification beginning.The experiment executed is shown, if When solidifying starting, there are convection current, then can be formed with many structures compared with little crystal grain.Superheated liquid Al4.5Cu alloy is drawn Enter thin plate copper mould.The dendritic structure naked eyes cast in plate surface are visible.If metal is pulled in mold largely to overheat, that Big dendrite is observed in casting plate surface.If observing greater number with significant less overheat draw metal Relatively little dendrite.It is believed that during the experiment, the metal tip in channel will be freezed first, to stop flowing.For with higher The metal for overheating casting, freezing the flowing subsequent metal in tip will remain static when starting solidification.Due in freezing period Between convection current is not present, so final crystallite dimension is very big.The case where for the significant less metal for overheating casting, flow tip Subsequent metal is likely to have begun solidification before flowing tip is freezed, this leads to the crystallite dimension in entire casting more Carefully.
A kind of theory that explaining influence of the convection current to crystal grain refinement is by using carbon tetrabromide and phenyl salicylate, transparent mould Quasi- casting system and video equipment are tested, with show when during solidification there are when convection current, many solid particles will suddenly from It releases and is will be moved into bulk melt in " mushy zone "." huge explosion " theory is by assuming that heat fluctuation caused by convection current To explain that this is observed as a result, this leads to the fluctuation of growth rate and re-melting for dendritic arm in turn again.Then think to separate Arm be transferred in bulk melt by convective flow or buoyancy, so that generating has many structures compared with little crystal grain.
The crystal grain refinement observed is stirred by melt in order to explain, proposes dendritic arm fragmentation mechanism to explain crystal grain times Increase.It is proposed dendritic arm plastic bending under the shearing force generated by melt stirring.Plastic bending is with " geometrically necessary Big misorientation is introduced into dendritic arm by the form of dislocation ".At high temperature, this kind of dislocation itself is rearranged by recrystallization To form high-angle boundary.Then, energy is greater than any crystal boundary that solid/liquid interfaces can be twice and is soaked by liquid metals, to lead Cause the separation of dendritic arm.
According to the suggestion of these early stages, propose that Models For Secondary Dendrite Arm can be because of it again due to soluterich and thermosolutal convection It melts and is separated at its root.In order to explain the crystal multiplication in semisolid processing, the temperature during MHD rheocasting is proposed Degree fluctuation plays an important role in structural evolution.Continuous nucleation can occur in the case where not obvious recalescence, wherein liquid Every volume element periodically by different humidity provinces.
Dendrite fragmentation mechanism attempts the final microstructure characteristic for making to observe in solids rationalization, but remaining important Problem be shearing little dendrite arm can be applied a possibility that so high bending moment make its fragmentation have it is much.In some theories Under, the minute yardstick of turbulent flow is necessary for the order of magnitude of particle size, and viscous force could work when being bent dendritic arm, this only exists It is possible under very high shear rate.It is being melted at least during the initial stage of growth in addition, the dendritic arm of fragmentation is expected It is grown to dendroid in body, until the collision in diffusion field occurs.This understanding is incompatible with some Germicidal efficacies, sees in the experiment It can be seen that primary granule quantity in examining seldom but show the dendroid degenerated or spherical microstructure.
In view of some difficulties of existing dendrite fragmentation theory, the crystal grain refinement that Germicidal efficacy arrives under height convective turbulence can It is explained with a large amount of Review On The Nucleation Mechanism.Under strong immixture, temperature inside liquid alloy and at branch all extremely It is even.During the continuous coo1ing under forced convertion, heterogeneous nucleation occurs simultaneously in entire liquid phase.It is real compared with conventional coagulation Border nucleation rate can not increase, but since uniform temperature field, all cores of formation will survive, effective nucleation rate be caused to increase Add.In addition, strong immixture will disperse potential nucleating agent cluster, to generate greater number of potential nucleation site.
Experimental provision and program
For each experiment, charging is loaded into commercial gas combustion furnace.Melt is deaerated and is filtered to business and is marked It is quasi-.The TiB grain refiner of charging inoculation about 25ppm, to maintain the consistency with previous research.Use typical " coffin Material type " bottom biock and 600 × 1750mmWAGSTAFF LHCTMOpen top mold.Stable state casting speed is about 65 millimeters/ Minute.Casting speed and metal level change during the about preceding 500mm of casting before reaching steady-state value.The alloy used For Al4.5Cu alloy, although can also realize similar or corresponding result with other alloys.
In order to change the degree of the injection capacity for refined grain structure, preparation respectively has a series of of unique diameter Vitreous silica downpipe.The flow rate and physical characteristic of unique diameter and Al4.5Cu alloy are that test every time generates unique turbulent flow Reynolds number.The Reynolds number studied during this series of experiments are as follows: 64,000,69000,81,000,97,000 and 121,000. In comparison, Reynolds number associated with calibrating nozzle can be at or less than 15,000.In order to maintain the intensity of mixing jet, Without using composite bag during these tests.In some cases, nozzle can be reduced using the composite bag of usually standard to generate Any jet stream the effect of.
After the casting, cross-section under the casting length of each leisure about 1800mm of cold ingot.By symmetrically by each cross section It is divided into quadrant, and removes a series of 45 samples using 1 inch of rock core drill and be used for Metallographic Analysis, as depicted in fig. 1.
Fig. 1 is the position described according to the sample 102 for Metallographic Analysis is obtained in the slave ingot 100 of some aspects of the disclosure The schematic top plan view set.Symbol A, C and E correspond to the microphoto image described in Figure 16.Ingot 100 can be considered to have four Quadrant, including quadrant 1 (unmarked), quadrant 2, quadrant 3 and quadrant 4.
Metallographic sample is etched with dilute hydrofluoric acid solution, and crystalline substance is analyzed using optical microscopy according to established division lines method Particle size and dendritic arm spacing.
Fig. 2-7 is use standard casting techniques or the various jet agitation technologies described according to some aspects of the disclosure The exterior view of grain size distribution in one quadrant of the ingot casting of (for example, high speed spraying technique or injection ingot casting) preparation.It can Casting length along ingot obtains exterior view at the length of about 1800mm.Exterior view describes crystal grain using the colour bar of same ratio Size distribution, range is from about 50 microns (for example, navy blue) up to or greater than 250 microns (for example, peony).In general, Crystallite dimension can change to storage tank steepest from about 50 μm solidified at most fast short face (for example, leftmost side of figure) and solidify speed 250 μm or more of the most slow immediate vicinity of rate.
Fig. 2 is the surface of the grain size distribution in a quadrant for describe standard cast (SD casting) Al4.5Cu alloy Figure.Standard cast alloy (for example, jet stream of the Reynolds number at or below 15,000, or can use group in no high-speed jet Close bag) in the case where carry out.The grain size range seen in standard ingot casting is at about 50 microns at or greater than about In the range of 250 microns.Show along x-axis away from center about -500 to 0mm and along y-axis away from the region at center about 50 to 150mm Big grain size distribution (for example, distribution of big crystal grain) out.Region near the exterior view lower left corner shows small crystallite dimension It is distributed (for example, compared with distribution of little crystal grain).As reference, the region of exterior view lower right-hand corner is indicated near among the short face of ingot Region.
Fig. 3 is one of spray casting (JT casting) the Al4.5Cu alloy for the jet stream that description has that Reynolds number is 64,000 The exterior view of grain size distribution in quadrant.The region of the adjacent edges of figure shows more smaller than the region near the centre of figure Grain size distribution (for example, distribution of more little crystal grain).
Fig. 4 is in a quadrant for describe the spray casting Al4.5Cu alloy for the jet stream for having that Reynolds number is 69,000 The exterior view of grain size distribution.The region of the adjacent edges of figure shows crystal grain ruler more smaller than region near the middle right side of figure Very little distribution (for example, distribution of more little crystal grain).
Fig. 5 is in a quadrant for describe the spray casting Al4.5Cu alloy for the jet stream for having that Reynolds number is 81,000 The exterior view of grain size distribution.The region of the adjacent edges of figure shows crystal grain ruler more smaller than region near the middle right side of figure Very little distribution (for example, distribution of more little crystal grain).
Fig. 6 is in a quadrant for describe the spray casting Al4.5Cu alloy for the jet stream for having that Reynolds number is 97,000 The exterior view of grain size distribution.The region of the adjacent edges of figure shows crystal grain ruler more smaller than region near the middle right side of figure Very little distribution (for example, distribution of more little crystal grain).
Fig. 7 is in a quadrant for describe the spray casting Al4.5Cu alloy for the jet stream for having that Reynolds number is 121,000 The exterior view of grain size distribution.The region of the adjacent edges of figure shows crystal grain ruler more smaller than region near the middle right side of figure Very little distribution (for example, distribution of more little crystal grain).
About Fig. 2-7, it is obvious that carry out the crystallite dimension pattern of each of self-injection ingot casting test in its mark Seem closely similar in terms of the deformation of quasi- result.Regardless of the size (such as Reynolds number) of injection capacity, direction is observed The cooling at ingot center is slack-off-and therefore crystallite dimension become larger-trend be similar to the trend observed in standard cast test. However, the grain size range observed greatly reduces.Although the crystallite dimension of standard ingot casting is up to or micro- higher than about 250 Rice, but the crystallite dimension for spraying ingot casting is much smaller, and most of crystal grain are in about 100 microns, and the diameter of maximum crystal grain It is in, about or lower than 150 microns.
Fig. 8-13 is use standard casting techniques or the various jet agitation technologies described according to some aspects of the disclosure Space Models For Secondary Dendrite Arm spacing (DAS) in one quadrant of the ingot casting of (for example, high speed spraying technique or injection ingot casting) preparation The exterior view of profile.Exterior view can be obtained at the length of about 1800mm along the casting length of ingot.Exterior view uses mutually year-on-year Example colour bar describe dendritic arm spacing, range from about 20 microns (for example, navy blue) up to or be greater than 70 microns (for example, Peony).The ingot of exterior view for Fig. 8-13 can be ingot identical with the respective surfaces figure of Fig. 2-7.
Fig. 8 is the space Models For Secondary Dendrite Arm spacing in a quadrant for describe standard cast (SD casting) Al4.5Cu alloy Exterior view.Standard cast alloy can no high-speed jet (for example, jet stream of the Reynolds number at or below 15,000, or Use composite bag) in the case where carry out.The grain size range seen in standard ingot casting is at about 50 microns to being in or high In the range of about 250 microns.Along x-axis away from center about -500 to 0mm and along y-axis away from center about 50 to 150mm's Region shows big grain size distribution (for example, distribution of big crystal grain).Region near the exterior view lower left corner shows small crystalline substance Particle size is distributed (for example, compared with distribution of little crystal grain).As reference, the region of exterior view lower right-hand corner is indicated among the short face of ingot Neighbouring region.
Fig. 9 is one of spray casting (JT casting) the Al4.5Cu alloy for the jet stream that description has that Reynolds number is 64,000 The exterior view of space Models For Secondary Dendrite Arm spacing in quadrant.The region of the adjacent edges of figure shows the region near the centre than figure Smaller grain size distribution (for example, distribution of more little crystal grain).
Figure 10 is in a quadrant for describe the spray casting Al4.5Cu alloy for the jet stream for having that Reynolds number is 69,000 The exterior view of space Models For Secondary Dendrite Arm spacing.The region of the adjacent edges of figure shows more smaller than the region near the middle right side of figure Grain size distribution (for example, distribution of more little crystal grain).
Figure 11 is in a quadrant for describe the spray casting Al4.5Cu alloy for the jet stream for having that Reynolds number is 81,000 The exterior view of space Models For Secondary Dendrite Arm spacing.The region of the adjacent edges of figure shows more smaller than the region near the middle right side of figure Grain size distribution (for example, distribution of more little crystal grain).
Figure 12 is in a quadrant for describe the spray casting Al4.5Cu alloy for the jet stream for having that Reynolds number is 97,000 The exterior view of space Models For Secondary Dendrite Arm spacing.The region of the adjacent edges of figure shows more smaller than the region near the middle right side of figure Grain size distribution (for example, distribution of more little crystal grain).
Figure 13 is in a quadrant for describe the spray casting Al4.5Cu alloy for the jet stream for having that Reynolds number is 121,000 Space Models For Secondary Dendrite Arm spacing exterior view.The region of the adjacent edges of figure shows smaller than the region near the middle right side of figure Grain size distribution (for example, distribution of more little crystal grain).
About Fig. 8-13, it is obvious that carry out the maximum space secondary dendrite of each of self-injection ingot casting test Arm spacing seems the maximum space Models For Secondary Dendrite Arm spacing of substantially less than standard ingot casting.In addition, for minimum Reynolds number (example Such as, respectively the 64,000 of Fig. 9-11；69,000；With 81,000) jet stream, the range of DAS is much smaller, and wherein periphery is about About 50 microns are risen to for 35-40 microns and at center.For these casting, DAS is also than standard or more Gao Leinuo Several jet streams is more uniform.For being penetrated compared with these of high reynolds number (for example, 97,000 and 121 of respectively Figure 12 and 13,000) Stream, the periphery of ingot illustrate only about 25 microns of DAS and rise at center 50 microns possible.Although taking turns in some respects Exterior feature can be similar to normal conditions, but the average DAS of these casting is less than other samples.
Figure 14 is to describe average grain size and dendritic arm spacing with jet stream Reynolds number (Rej) variation chart.In order to more The effect of quantitative turbulent jet stirring well, using specified standard scores cloth bag size and speed, to generate nominally 15, 000 effective Reynolds number.
The power of jet stream seems to have little effect corresponding size.All mixing are realized in the simple addition of mixing jet The crystallite dimension of jet stream reduces about 25%.DAS responsiveness is slightly worse, for strongest jet stream (such as 97,000 and 121,000) It only shows to reduce about 10%, and other mixing jets show lesser deviation.
The some aspects and feature of the disclosure, which can lead to cast article, to be had at or below about 150 μm, 149 μm, 148 μm、147μm、146μm、145μm、144μm、143μm、142μm、141μm、140μm、139μm、138μm、137μm、136μm、 135μm、134μm、133μm、132μm、131μm、130μm、129μm、128μm、127μm、126μm、125μm、124μm、123μ m、122μm、121μm、120μm、119μm、118μm、117μm、116μm、115μm、114μm、113μm、112μm、111μm、110 μm, 109 μm, 108 μm, 107 μm, 106 μm, 105 μm, 104 μm, 103 μm, 102 μm, the average crystal grain rulers of 101 μm or 100 μm It is very little.
Figure 15 is to describe the divergence (for example, range) of crystallite dimension and dendritic arm spacing with jet stream Reynolds number (Rej) variation Chart.Equally, the Reynolds number of standard ingot casting is identified as 15,000.The introducing of turbulent jet influences the divergence of DAS little.So And crystallite dimension shows violent change.Standard ingot casting is with about 200 microns (for example, about 100 microns to about 300 Micron) grain size distribution, and the introducing of turbulent jet by this range be decreased to only about 75 microns (for example, about 100 is micro- Rice is to about 175 microns).Injection capacity seems to have little effect this range, and the simple presence of jet stream reduces crystal grain immediately Size distribution.
The some aspects and feature of the disclosure, which can lead to cast article, to be had at or below about 290 μm, 285 μm, 280 μm、275μm、270μm、265μm、260μm、255μm、250μm、245μm、240μm、235μm、230μm、225μm、220μm、 215μm、210μm、205μm、200μm、195μm、190μm、185μm、180μm、175μm、170μm、165μm、160μm、155μ M, 150 μm, 145 μm, 140 μm, 135 μm or 130 μm of largest grain size.
The some aspects and feature of the disclosure, which can lead to cast article, to be had at or less than about 200 μm, 195 μm, 190 μm、185μm、180μm、175μm、170μm、165μm、160μm、155μm、150μm、145μm、140μm、135μm、130μm、 125 μm, 120 μm, 115 μm, 110 μm, 105 μm, 100 μm, 95 μm, 90 μm, 85 μm, 80 μm, 75 μm, 70 μm, 65 μm, 60 μm or 55 μm of crystallite dimension divergence (for example, range between minimum and maximum crystallite dimension).In other words, have compared with little crystal grain ruler The cast article of very little divergence can be considered to have grain size distribution more evenly, and have the casting compared with big crystal grain size divergence Product can be considered to have more non-uniform grain size distribution.
Figure 16 is the system for describing the sample obtained from the ingot for using spray casting technology and standard casting techniques to cast Column microphoto.Spray casting technology is carried out using the jet stream that Reynolds number is about 97,000.Sample the ingot of Fig. 1 position A, It is obtained at C and E.Position A corresponds to the central area of ingot, and C corresponds to interior thickness region, and E corresponds to fringe region.
Although presented data quantitatively herein, it can be seen that other Qualitative observations in Figure 16.For Normal conditions, position E and C show dendritic structure, and wherein the structure of the structure ratio C of E is thinner.For normal conditions, sample A It is appeared as in structure non-dendritic.In contrast, thin is characterized in that for the sample A and C in the case of spray casting Small non-tree dendritic microstructure, and sample E seems to be the mixture of non-dendroid and dendroid microstructure, it is also very thin 's.
After experiment and test, it is obvious that the power of turbulent jet seems to the degree for increasing crystal grain refinement It has little effect.It is similarly to and increases mixing speed and do not significantly affect grain density or the related other observations knots of size Fruit.On the contrary, there is promotion crystal grain refinement and non-dendritic structure in the simple of stirring.It can it is worth noting that, increasing shear rate Cause grain density to increase, while reducing average particle size particle size.Seem to be enough to make temperature thermoisopleth by the mixing of turbulent jet Homogenization is to promote a large amount of Review On The Nucleation Mechanism.The survival rate of core increases the growth of limitation crystal grain and generates lesser whole crystal grain Size.
It is worth noting that, the jet stream (for example, 97,000 and 121,000) of maximum turbulent flow generates most uniform crystal grain wheel Exterior feature has the smallest uniform dendritic arm pitch profile.Although the jet stream for the relatively low reynolds number for being layered molten bath is enough to generate uniformly Solidification rate (for example, as by similar microstructure obvious), but the microcosmic knot of jet stream isolation of maximum turbulent flow Structure generates uniform crystallite dimension simultaneously.In addition, the jet stream of maximum turbulent flow is designed to suspend from center in gross segregation research Crystal grain and inhibit preferentially to settle by redistribution " extra " floating crystal grain.Although this trend seems by uniform Crystallite dimension is observed, but seems there is disconnection with DAS.One kind is possible to be construed to deposit between crystallite dimension data and DAS data In crosstalk because DAS be difficult to non-dendritic structure interval from.This can artificially distort distribution of the DAS in these jet streams, because For their most possible generations spherical structure (i.e. DAS=crystallite dimension).
Figure 17 is the partial sectional according to the metal casting 1700 with single-nozzle 1708 of some aspects of the disclosure Face figure.Metal casting system 1700 can be used for casting metal product as described herein, such as be cast using nozzle, the nozzle at Shape be generate have sufficiently high Reynolds number molten metal 1726 jet stream 1734, as refer to Fig. 3-7 and 9-13 described in that A bit.However, in some cases, other casting systems can be used.
Source metal 1702 (such as sprue cup) can be along the downward molten metal feed 1726 of feed pipe 1736.Bottom biock 1722 can be by Hydraulic cylinder 1724 is promoted to connect with the wall of die cavity 1716.As molten metal starts to solidify in mold, bottom biock 1722 can Steadily reduce.Casting metal 1712 may include the side 1720 solidified, and the molten metal 1726 being added in casting can For continuously elongating casting metal 1712.In some cases, the wall of die cavity 1716 limits hollow space and can be containing cooling Agent 1718, such as water.Coolant 1718 can be used as jet stream left from hollow space and along the side of casting metal 1,712 1720 to Lower flowing is to help solidified cast metal 1712.The ingot cast may include frozen metal 1730, transition metal 1728 and melt Melt metal 1726.
Molten metal 1726 can leave feed pipe 1736 at the nozzle 1708 being immersed in molten metal 1726.Nozzle 1708 can be a part of feed pipe 1736 or can be separable part.Nozzle 1708 can have be designed to or about with Desired Reynolds number provides the parameter of the flowing of molten metal 1726 (for example, jet stream 1734 of molten metal 1726).
In some cases, equation can be used in Reynolds numberNext approximate, wherein Re is Reynolds number, LMoldFor The length of mold at the rolling surface (for example, " rolling surface " of ingot depicted in figure 1 100) of gained ingot, DJet streamFor jet stream Diameter, and C is constant.Constant C can be dependent on alloy, and can be determined by experiment.Constant C can with die width (for example, The length of mold at the short face of gained ingot, " short face " of ingot 100 as depicted in Figure 1), casting speed, kinematic viscosity With it is other explain jet streams cross-sectional shapes numerical constant and change.It is in rectangular mould for this approximate example of Reynolds number It is provided when middle casting rectangular ingot.However, those of ordinary skill in the art can be used other shapes of mold (such as circular blank or Non-standard shapes) calculate the Reynolds number for being used for the jet stream of casting.In some cases, Reynolds number can be with jet diameter and effective liquid It presses perimeter and changes, or can otherwise come approximate.
The diameter of jet stream can be at or the opening diameter of about nozzle (for example, nozzle 1708).Therefore, special metal is cast The Reynolds number for making system (for example, metal casting system 1700) will be with the increasing of the opening diameter of nozzle (for example, nozzle 1708) Add and/or with die length reduction (for example, reduce into size circular blank identical with jet diameter) and reduce.It limits The constant of the Reynolds number of particular cast system and alloy can be determined by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The molten metal 1726 for leaving nozzle 1708 can produce the jet stream of the molten metal 1726 with specific Reynolds number 1734.Using nozzle 1708 realize jet stream 1734 as described herein desired characteristic (for example, to improve metallurgy characteristic, Such as crystal grain refinement), the nozzle 1708 be designed or be configured to generate have desired Reynolds number (for example, at or greater than Number of threshold values) jet stream.
Figure 18 is the metal casting system with multiple nozzles 1807,1808,1809 according to some aspects of the disclosure 1800 partial cross sectional view.In addition to there are multiple nozzles 1807,1808,1809 come other than replacing single-nozzle, metal casting System 1800 can be similar to metal casting system 1700.Metal casting system 1800 is depicted as tool, and there are three nozzles, although can Use any amount of nozzle.In some cases, multiple nozzles 1807,1808,1809 can each freedom accordingly individually into Expects pipe 1835,1836,1837 is supplied from source metal 1802.However, in some cases, multiple nozzles can be from single feed pipe (for example, branch's feed pipe) charging.Molten metal 1826 can produce accordingly by the flowing of multiple nozzles 1807,1808,1809 Jet stream 1833,1834,1835.
It is designed to generate nozzle casting metal of the Reynolds number at or greater than the jet stream of specific threshold Reynolds number when using When (for example, as described in reference diagram 17), desired metallurgical effect as described herein can be similarly implemented by using multiple nozzles, The summation of the Reynolds number of the multiple jet streams wherein generated by multiple nozzles is at or greater than specific threshold Reynolds number.In this kind of situation Under, each of multiple nozzles can produce the jet stream that Reynolds number is lower than threshold value Reynolds number, but if from multiple nozzles The summation of the Reynolds number of multiple jet streams is higher than the threshold value, then can get desired metallurgical effect.Particularly, when specific Between put the summation of the Reynolds number of jet stream generated by multiple nozzles and can be higher than threshold value Reynolds number.In some cases, have multiple The casting system of nozzle can make all or fewer than nozzle and meanwhile run, such as during the different phase of casting (for example, the starting period, Steady state period and tailend).Therefore, the summation of the Reynolds number of jet stream those of as long as is generated at or greater than threshold value Reynolds number, Desired result can be achieved.
Conclusion
On inspection turbulent jet to the microcosmos structure characteristic of Al4.5Cu milled sheet billet and the influence of distribution.It has sent out Existing, the introducing of turbulent jet promotes crystal grain refinement, while the influence to DAS is very small.Even the crystalline substance of the jet flow of maximum turbulent flow Grain refinement is also without showing dramatically increasing relative to minimum turbulent jet.This seems instruction, and there are the threshold value Reynolds of turbulent jet Number makes thermoisopleth go to stablize and promotes crystal grain refinement lower than the minimum assessed during studying herein.Although turbulent jet Influence be it will be evident that but it may be best suited for numerically modeling because its effect is very steady and dynamic with fine fluid Mechanics parameter is unrelated.Imagining should can not increase in DC casting system for increasing the system of shearing in the simple increase of speed Increase crystal grain refinement when crystal grain refinement.
Based on the experiment carried out herein, it is contemplated that when be used in or higher than threshold value Reynolds number be in or about 14000, 15000、16000、17000、18000、19000、20000、21000、22000、23000、24000、25000、26000、 27000、28000、29000、30000、31000、32000、33000、34000、35000、36000、37000、38000、 39000、40000、41000、42000、43000、44000、45000、46000、47000、48000、49000、50000、 51000、52000、53000、54000、55000、56000、57000、58000、59000、60000、61000、62000、 63000、64000、65000、66000、67000、68000、69000、70000、71000、72000、73000、74000、 75000、76000、77000、78000、79000、80000、81000、82000、83000、84000、85000、86000、 87000、88000、89000、90000、91000、92000、93000、94000、95000、96000、97000、98000、 99000、100000、101000、102000、103000、104000、105000、106000、107000、108000、109000、 110000、111000、112000、113000、114000、115000、116000、117000、118000、119000、120000 Or 121000 Reynolds number jet stream when, the crystal grain refinement of promotion can be realized in direct cast-in chills.More specifically, it is contemplated that working as Be used in or higher than threshold value Reynolds number be in or about 14000,15000,16000,17000,18000,19000, 20000、21000、22000、23000、24000、25000、26000、27000、28000、29000、30000、31000、 32000、33000、34000、35000、36000、37000、38000、39000、40000、41000、42000、43000、 44000、45000、46000、47000、48000、49000、50000、51000、52000、53000、54000、55000、 It 56000, can be straight when the jet stream of 57000,58000,59000,60000,61000,62000,63000 or 64000 Reynolds number Connect the crystal grain refinement that promotion is realized in cast-in chills.As being in addition described in detail herein, when multiple jet streams from multiple nozzles Reynolds number summation at or greater than any one in aforesaid threshold values Reynolds number when, can be in the direct cast-in chills system of multiinjector It is middle to realize the crystal grain refinement promoted.
The foregoing description of embodiment including illustrated embodiment is presented merely for the purpose of illustration and description, and not It is intended that in detail or being confined to disclosed precise forms.For those skilled in the art, many modifications, adjustment It will be obvious with using.
As used below, the difference being interpreted as to each of those examples is referred to a series of any of examples Refer to (for example, " example 1 to 4 " is interpreted as " example 1,2,3 or 4 ").
Example 1 is a kind of casting system, it includes: it may be coupled to the feed pipe of molten metal sources；Be located at the charging The nozzle of the far-end of pipe, the nozzle can be immersed in melting storage tank for storing the delivery of molten metal to the melting Slot, wherein the nozzle is designed to supply the molten metal at least 14,000 Reynolds number.
Example 2 is the casting system according to example 1, wherein the nozzle is designed to at least 64,000 Reynolds Number supplies the molten metal,
Example 3 is the casting system according to example 1, wherein the nozzle is designed to at least 15000,16000, 17000、18000、19000、20000、21000、22000、23000、24000、25000、26000、27000、28000、 29000、30000、31000、32000、33000、34000、35000、36000、37000、38000、39000、40000、 41000、42000、43000、44000、45000、46000、47000、48000、49000、50000、51000、52000、 53000,54000,55000,56000,57000,58000,59000,60000,61000,62000 or 63000 Reynolds number supplies Answer the molten metal.
Example 4 is the casting system according to example 1 to 3, additionally comprises the mould for receiving the molten metal Tool, wherein the mold includes one or more mold walls and can reduce the bottom biock to support coagulated ingot.
Example 5 is a kind of casting system, it includes: it may be coupled at least one feed pipe of molten metal sources；With comprising The nozzle sets of one or more nozzles, wherein each of one or more of nozzles are located at least one described feed pipe Far-end and can be immersed in melting storage tank for by the delivery of molten metal to the melting storage tank, wherein described one Each of a or multiple nozzles have opening, and the opening is dimensioned under certain Reynolds number store in the melting Molten metal jet stream is realized in slot, wherein the summation of the Reynolds number of each molten metal jet stream is at least 14,000.
Example 6 is the casting system according to example 5, wherein the size of the opening of one or more of nozzles The summation for being designed so that the Reynolds number of each molten metal jet stream is at least 64,000,
Example 7 is the casting system according to example 5, wherein the size of the opening of one or more of nozzles The summation for being designed so that the Reynolds number of each molten metal jet stream is at least 15000,16000,17000, 18000、19000、20000、21000、22000、23000、24000、25000、26000、27000、28000、29000、 30000、31000、32000、33000、34000、35000、36000、37000、38000、39000、40000、41000、 42000、43000、44000、45000、46000、47000、48000、49000、50000、51000、52000、53000、 54000,55000,56000,57000,58000,59000,60000,61000,62000 or 63000.
Example 8 is the casting system according to example 5 to 7, wherein the nozzle sets include at least two nozzles.
Example 9 is the casting system according to example 5 to 8, additionally comprises the mould for receiving the molten metal Tool, wherein the mold includes one or more mold walls and can reduce the bottom biock to support coagulated ingot.
Example 10 is a kind of method, it includes: molten metal is delivered to from source metal by metal trough by feed pipe, Described in molten metal one or more molten metal jet streams are generated in the metal trough when leaving the feed pipe, Described in each of one or more molten metal jet stream there is certain Reynolds number, and it is wherein one or more of molten The summation for melting the Reynolds number of each of metal jet is at least 14,000.
Example 11 is the method according to example 10, wherein each of one or more of molten metal jet streams The summation of the Reynolds number be at least 64,000,
Example 12 is the method according to example 10, wherein each of one or more of molten metal jet streams The Reynolds number the summation be at least 15000,16000,17000,18000,19000,20000,21000,22000, 23000、24000、25000、26000、27000、28000、29000、30000、31000、32000、33000、34000、 35000、36000、37000、38000、39000、40000、41000、42000、43000、44000、45000、46000、 47000、48000、49000、50000、51000、52000、53000、54000、55000、56000、57000、58000、 59000,60000,61000,62000 or 63000.
Example 13 is the method according to example 10 to 12, additionally comprises and is solidified the molten metal using mold Ingot, the mold include one or more mold walls and can reduce the bottom biock to support coagulated ingot.
Example 14 is a kind of metal product, the casting of the method according to example 10 to 13.
Example 15 be the metal product according to example 14, wherein the average grain size of the metal product be in or Lower than about 130 μm.
Example 16 be the metal product according to example 14, wherein the average grain size of the metal product be in or Lower than about 129 μm, 128 μm, 127 μm, 126 μm, 125 μm, 124 μm, 123 μm, 122 μm, 121 μm, 120 μm, 119 μm, 118 μm、117μm、116μm、115μm、114μm、113μm、112μm、111μm、110μm、109μm、108μm、107μm、106μm、 105 μm, 104 μm, 103 μm, 102 μm, 101 μm or 100 μm.
Example 17 is the metal product according to example 14 to 16, wherein at the largest grain size of the metal product In or lower than about 250 μm.
Example 18 is the metal product according to example 14 to 16, wherein at the largest grain size of the metal product In or lower than about 245 μm, 240 μm, 235 μm, 230 μm, 225 μm, 220 μm, 215 μm, 210 μm, 205 μm, 200 μm, 195 μ M, 190 μm, 185 μm, 180 μm, 175 μm, 170 μm, 165 μm, 160 μm, 155 μm, 150 μm, 145 μm, 140 μm, 135 μm or 130μm。
Example 19 is the metal product according to example 14 to 18, wherein at the crystallite dimension divergence of the metal product In or lower than about 130 μm.
Example 20 is the metal product according to example 14 to 18, wherein at the crystallite dimension divergence of the metal product In or lower than about 125 μm, 120 μm, 115 μm, 110 μm, 105 μm, 100 μm, 95 μm, 90 μm, 85 μm, 80 μm, 75 μm, 70 μ M, 65 μm, 60 μm or 55 μm.

Claims (20)

1. a kind of casting system, it includes:
It may be coupled to the feed pipe of molten metal sources；With
Positioned at the nozzle of the far-end of the feed pipe, the nozzle can be immersed in melting storage tank and be used for the molten metal It is delivered to the melting storage tank, wherein the nozzle is designed to supply the molten metal at least 14,000 Reynolds number.
2. casting system according to claim 1, wherein the nozzle is designed to supply at least 64,000 Reynolds number Answer the molten metal.
3. casting system according to claim 1, wherein the nozzle is designed to at least 15000,16000, 17000、18000、19000、20000、21000、22000、23000、24000、25000、26000、27000、28000、 29000、30000、31000、32000、33000、34000、35000、36000、37000、38000、39000、40000、 41000、42000、43000、44000、45000、46000、47000、48000、49000、50000、51000、52000、 53000,54000,55000,56000,57000,58000,59000,60000,61000,62000 or 63000 Reynolds number supplies Answer the molten metal.
4. casting system according to claim 1 additionally comprises the mold for receiving the molten metal, wherein institute Mold is stated to include one or more mold walls and the bottom biock to support coagulated ingot can be reduced.
5. a kind of casting system, it includes:
It may be coupled at least one feed pipe of molten metal sources；With
Nozzle sets comprising one or more nozzles, wherein each of one or more of nozzles are located at described at least one It the far-end of a feed pipe and can be immersed in melting storage tank for by the delivery of molten metal to the melting storage tank, Described in each of one or more nozzle there is opening, the opening is dimensioned under certain Reynolds number in institute It states in melting storage tank and realizes molten metal jet stream, wherein the summation of the Reynolds number of each molten metal jet stream is at least 14, 000。
6. casting system according to claim 5, wherein the size design of the opening of one or more of nozzles The summation at the Reynolds number for making each molten metal jet stream is at least 64,000.
7. casting system according to claim 5, wherein the size design of the opening of one or more of nozzles The summation at the Reynolds number for making each molten metal jet stream is at least 15000,16000,17000,18000, 19000、20000、21000、22000、23000、24000、25000、26000、27000、28000、29000、30000、 31000、32000、33000、34000、35000、36000、37000、38000、39000、40000、41000、42000、 43000、44000、45000、46000、47000、48000、49000、50000、51000、52000、53000、54000、 55000,56000,57000,58000,59000,60000,61000,62000 or 63000.
8. casting system according to claim 5, wherein the nozzle sets include at least two nozzles.
9. casting system according to claim 5 additionally comprises the mold for receiving the molten metal, wherein institute Mold is stated to include one or more mold walls and the bottom biock to support coagulated ingot can be reduced.
10. a kind of method, it includes:
Molten metal is delivered to metal trough from source metal by feed pipe, wherein the molten metal is leaving the charging One or more molten metal jet streams are generated when pipe in the metal trough, wherein one or more of molten metal jet streams Each of there is certain Reynolds number, and the wherein thunder of each of one or more of molten metal jet streams The summation of promise number is at least 14,000.
11. according to the method described in claim 10, the wherein institute of each of one or more of molten metal jet streams The summation for stating Reynolds number is at least 64,000.
12. according to the method described in claim 10, the wherein institute of each of one or more of molten metal jet streams The summation for stating Reynolds number is at least 15000,16000,17000,18000,19000,20000,21000,22000, 23000、24000、25000、26000、27000、28000、29000、30000、31000、32000、33000、34000、 35000、36000、37000、38000、39000、40000、41000、42000、43000、44000、45000、46000、 47000、48000、49000、50000、51000、52000、53000、54000、55000、56000、57000、58000、 59000,60000,61000,62000 or 63000.
13. according to the method described in claim 10, its additionally comprise using mold by the molten metal solidify ingot, it is described Mold includes one or more mold walls and can reduce the bottom biock to support coagulated ingot.
14. a kind of metal product, method according to claim 11 casting.
15. metal product according to claim 14, wherein the average grain size of the metal product at or below About 130 μm.
16. metal product according to claim 14, wherein the average grain size of the metal product at or below About 129 μm, 128 μm, 127 μm, 126 μm, 125 μm, 124 μm, 123 μm, 122 μm, 121 μm, 120 μm, 119 μm, 118 μm, 117μm、116μm、115μm、114μm、113μm、112μm、111μm、110μm、109μm、108μm、107μm、106μm、105μ M, 104 μm, 103 μm, 102 μm, 101 μm or 100 μm.
17. metal product according to claim 14, wherein the largest grain size of the metal product at or below About 250 μm.
18. metal product according to claim 14, wherein the largest grain size of the metal product at or below About 245 μm, 240 μm, 235 μm, 230 μm, 225 μm, 220 μm, 215 μm, 210 μm, 205 μm, 200 μm, 195 μm, 190 μm, 185 μm, 180 μm, 175 μm, 170 μm, 165 μm, 160 μm, 155 μm, 150 μm, 145 μm, 140 μm, 135 μm or 130 μm.
19. metal product according to claim 14, wherein the crystallite dimension divergence of the metal product at or below About 130 μm.
20. metal product according to claim 14, wherein the crystallite dimension divergence of the metal product at or below About 125 μm, 120 μm, 115 μm, 110 μm, 105 μm, 100 μm, 95 μm, 90 μm, 85 μm, 80 μm, 75 μm, 70 μm, 65 μm, 60 μm or 55 μm.
CN201880013971.6A 2017-02-28 2018-02-27 The crystal grain refinement of the ingot casting of shear-induced Pending CN110382136A (en)

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