CN110380644B - Frequency-raising adjustable compact piezoelectric energy acquisition device - Google Patents

Frequency-raising adjustable compact piezoelectric energy acquisition device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110380644B
CN110380644B CN201910633251.6A CN201910633251A CN110380644B CN 110380644 B CN110380644 B CN 110380644B CN 201910633251 A CN201910633251 A CN 201910633251A CN 110380644 B CN110380644 B CN 110380644B
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frequency
cantilever substrate
low
frequency cantilever
substrate
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CN110380644A (en
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陈丽华
杨毅
薛江涛
苏鑫林
张伟
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Beijing University of Technology
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Beijing University of Technology
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02NELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N2/00Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
    • H02N2/18Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
    • H02N2/183Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators using impacting bodies
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02NELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N2/00Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
    • H02N2/18Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
    • H02N2/186Vibration harvesters
    • H02N2/188Vibration harvesters adapted for resonant operation

Abstract

The invention discloses a frequency-boosting adjustable compact piezoelectric energy collecting device which comprises a low-frequency cantilever substrate, a first mass block, a low-frequency cantilever substrate piezoelectric sheet, a low-frequency cantilever substrate frame, a high-frequency cantilever substrate, a second mass block, a high-frequency cantilever substrate piezoelectric sheet and a high-frequency cantilever substrate frame. The device can improve the output voltage and widen the output voltage frequency band while ensuring to reduce the inherent frequency of the device. The arrangement of the cavity and the first mass block further reduces the natural frequency of the first vibration system, so that the whole system can effectively output under a lower frequency environment; the low-frequency cantilever substrate impacts the second mass block, so that the purpose of frequency rising is achieved; under the environment of different vibration frequencies, different collision positions are changed by adjusting the connecting slide rails of the high-frequency cantilever substrate frame and the low-frequency cantilever substrate so as to achieve the optimal voltage output effect, the occupied space of the device is reduced, and the device can work efficiently in different vibration frequency ranges.

Description

Frequency-raising adjustable compact piezoelectric energy acquisition device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of power generation technology and renewable clean energy, in particular to a frequency-boosting adjustable compact piezoelectric energy acquisition device and an energy harvesting method thereof.
Background
Energy problem is one of the most concerned problems at present, and research workers in various countries are all dedicated to searching and developing new energy to solve the problem of energy shortage. At present, for most of microelectronic devices, battery energy supply is widely used by virtue of the advantages of excellent storage capacity, stable power supply, low price and easy availability, but due to the defects of short service life of common batteries, troublesome replacement, water and soil pollution caused by waste batteries, harm to human bodies and the like, a new energy source which can be used for a long time and is environment-friendly needs to be researched for supplying energy.
The piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric material is utilized to convert the vibration energy of the surrounding environment into electric energy, so that the piezoelectric material has the advantages of long service life, environmental protection, high conversion efficiency, sustainable energy supply and the like. Therefore, this technology has become a hot spot of current research.
At present, the conventional piezoelectric energy harvester has higher natural frequency and lower vibration frequency of the surrounding environment, so that the energy harvester cannot achieve resonance, and the output power is greatly reduced.
Chinese patent application (publication No. CN201410452120.5) discloses a collision frequency-boosting type piezoelectric energy harvester and an energy harvesting method thereof, wherein the tail end of a low-frequency beam collides with the tail end of a high-frequency beam, and the high-frequency resonance structure realizes self-excited vibration through contact collision so as to achieve the purpose of frequency boosting.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of low energy harvesting efficiency of a piezoelectric energy harvester in a low-frequency vibration environment, and provides an efficient energy harvester which utilizes resonance to impact a target beam, widens a frequency band, reduces the natural frequency of a source beam through the arrangement of a cavity, further achieves a broadband effect through adjusting a collision position, and improves output voltage and electric power, and an energy harvesting method thereof.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a frequency-raising type adjustable compact piezoelectric energy collecting device comprises a low-frequency cantilever substrate (3), a first mass block (5), a low-frequency cantilever substrate piezoelectric sheet (2), a high-frequency cantilever substrate (7), a second mass block (4), a high-frequency cantilever substrate piezoelectric sheet (6), a low-frequency cantilever substrate framework (1) and a high-frequency cantilever substrate framework (8);
the low-frequency cantilever substrate frame (1) and the high-frequency cantilever substrate frame (8) are relatively vertically arranged, and the low-frequency cantilever substrate (3) is vertically and fixedly connected with the low-frequency cantilever substrate frame (1); the high-frequency cantilever substrate (7) is vertically and fixedly connected with a high-frequency cantilever substrate frame (8); the first mass block (5) is a cuboid with the same width as the edge length of the low-frequency cantilever substrate (3), and is flush with the end surface and the side surface of the free end of the low-frequency cantilever substrate (3); the second mass block (4) is a cuboid with the same width as the edge length of the high-frequency cantilever substrate (7), and is flush with the end surface and the side surface of the free end of the high-frequency cantilever substrate (7); the second mass block (4) and the low-frequency cantilever substrate (3) are arranged opposite to each other concentrically and a certain gap is reserved.
The length direction of the low-frequency cantilever substrate piezoelectric sheet (2) is consistent with the length direction of the low-frequency cantilever substrate (3) and is equal in width, and the length direction of the low-frequency cantilever substrate piezoelectric sheet is flush with the end face and the side face of the fixed end of the low-frequency cantilever substrate (3); the length direction of the piezoelectric sheet (6) of the high-frequency cantilever substrate is consistent with the length direction of the high-frequency cantilever substrate (7) and has the same width, and the piezoelectric sheet is flush with the end face and the side face of the fixed end of the high-frequency cantilever substrate (7)
The low frequency cantilever base plate (3) is opened in the position department that is close to the stiff end has a rectangle cavity that runs through the base plate side, and the rectangle cavity is the rectangle and length direction is unanimous with low frequency cantilever base plate (3) along the base plate cross section: the low-frequency cantilever substrate frame (1) and the high-frequency cantilever substrate frame (8) are connected through a sliding rail mechanism, and the collision position of the second mass block (4) and the low-frequency cantilever substrate (3) is adjusted through adjusting the sliding rail mechanism.
The masses of the first mass block (3) and the second mass block (4) are selected according to the external vibration frequency, the gap between the second mass block (4) and the low-frequency cantilever base plate (3) is selected according to the resonance amplitude of the low-frequency cantilever base plate (3), and the position of the collision point is also selected according to the resonance amplitude of the low-frequency cantilever base plate (3). The low-frequency cantilever substrate (3), the first mass block (5), the high-frequency cantilever substrate (7), the second mass block (4), the low-frequency cantilever substrate framework (1) and the high-frequency cantilever substrate framework (8) are all made of common stainless steel, the adhered low-frequency cantilever substrate piezoelectric sheet (2) is paved on the low-frequency cantilever substrate (3), and the adhered high-frequency cantilever substrate piezoelectric sheet (6) is paved on the high-frequency cantilever substrate (7) and made of PVDF piezoelectric film.
For reducing the problem of natural frequency of the low-frequency cantilever substrate, the experimental scheme adopted by the invention is that the free end of the cantilever substrate is additionally provided with the mass block and the fixed end cavity, and the thickness of the low-frequency cantilever substrate is reduced under the condition of stress allowance, the cantilever substrate is made of the same material as the mass block and is a common steel plate, and the cavity is filled with air; the provision of the cavity has the further advantage that it effectively increases the output voltage and power of the system.
The invention receives the vibration excitation of the environment through the frame, so that the low-frequency cantilever substrate is deformed and further collides with the high-frequency cantilever substrate, the piezoelectric sheets adhered on the low-frequency cantilever substrate and the high-frequency cantilever substrate are deformed to obtain energy, and the effects of widening the output voltage frequency band and improving the output voltage are achieved by changing the collision position and the collision gap.
The invention can be optimized from two aspects, namely, the relationship between the collision position and the collision clearance and the system power generation amount is considered.
In COMSOL Multiphysics, the selected impact location is 140mm on the low frequency cantilever substrate and the impact gap is 4 mm. The cavity with the distance of 20mm from the fixed end of the cantilever substrate is arranged on the low-frequency cantilever substrate, the length of the cavity is 80mm, the height of the cavity is 5mm, the width of the cavity is 10mm, and the cavity is located at the position, close to the middle of the clamping end, of the low-frequency cantilever substrate. After simulation, the total voltage of the piezoelectric energy acquisition device adopting the above size is obviously higher than the output voltage without collision, and the output frequency band is widened.
The energy harvesting method of the frequency-raising adjustable compact piezoelectric energy acquisition device comprises the following specific steps:
when the vibration frequency of the external environment is lower, the external environment directly drives the low-frequency cantilever substrate (3) and the first mass block (5) to vibrate at the same frequency, the low-frequency cantilever substrate (3) and the first mass block (5) form a first-stage vibration system, and the low-frequency cantilever substrate has lower inherent frequency due to the arrangement of the cavity and the mass block with larger end;
the resonance of the first-stage vibration system enables the vibration amplitude of the low-frequency cantilever substrate to be greatly increased, and the second mass block (4) is impacted and collided continuously. Therefore, the vibration frequency of the second-stage vibration system is improved, namely, the purpose of frequency increasing is achieved;
the second mass block (4), the high-frequency cantilever substrate (7) and the high-frequency cantilever substrate piezoelectric sheet (6) form a second-stage vibration system, and the vibration system can generate vibration with larger amplitude at lower frequency due to collision of the first-stage vibration system;
the low-frequency cantilever base plate frame (1) and the high-frequency cantilever base plate frame (8) can be adjusted through adjusting the connection mechanism of the low-frequency cantilever base plate frame and the high-frequency cantilever base plate frame, so that the collision position of the low-frequency cantilever base plate (3) and the second mass block (4) can be adjusted. The change of collision position firstly can widen the frequency band of output voltage, improve output voltage, secondly reduces the occupation space of whole frame, lets the effectual different little spaces of adaptation of piezoelectricity output mechanism.
The second stage vibration system is not only subjected to external excitation but also to the impact from the first vibration system, thereby achieving resonance. The low-frequency cantilever substrate piezoelectric patch (2) and the high-frequency cantilever substrate piezoelectric patch (6) have larger strain due to being stuck at the fixed end of the cantilever substrate, and convert vibration energy into electric energy according to the direct piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric patch per se and output the electric energy for microelectronic devices such as sensors and the like to work.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
when the environmental frequency is lower, the first-stage vibration system composed of the low-frequency cantilever base plate and the first mass block resonates, the second mass block of the second-stage vibration system is impacted to enable the second mass block to vibrate with a larger amplitude, the natural frequency is reduced due to the arrangement of the cavity, and the output voltage is improved. According to the frequency of the environment, the connection mechanism of the high-frequency substrate frame and the low-frequency cantilever substrate frame is adjusted, so that the collision position can be adjusted, the output frequency band is widened, and the output voltage is enhanced. Therefore, the invention can work in a low-frequency vibration environment, can adjust the collision position, and achieves the effects of reducing the occupied space, widening the output frequency band and enhancing the output voltage.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of an up-conversion tunable compact piezoelectric energy harvesting device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an upconverting tunable compact piezoelectric energy harvesting device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the total output voltage of the piezoelectric plate of the low frequency cantilever substrate and the piezoelectric plate of the high frequency cantilever substrate at a collision position 140mm from the fixed end of the low frequency cantilever substrate and at a collision gap of 6mm, and the total output voltage with frequency change at no collision according to the present invention;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to the attached drawings 1, 2 and 3, the frequency-raising adjustable compact piezoelectric energy collecting device comprises a low-frequency cantilever substrate (3), a first mass block (5), a low-frequency cantilever substrate piezoelectric sheet (2), a high-frequency cantilever substrate (7), a second mass block (4), a high-frequency cantilever substrate piezoelectric sheet (6), a low-frequency cantilever substrate frame (1) and a high-frequency cantilever substrate frame (8); the low-frequency cantilever substrate is fixedly connected with the low-frequency cantilever substrate frame; the high-frequency cantilever substrate is fixedly connected with the high-frequency cantilever substrate frame; the high-frequency cantilever substrate frame and the low-frequency cantilever substrate frame are connected through a sliding rail connecting mechanism, and the collision position of the low-frequency cantilever substrate and the second mass block can be adjusted by adjusting the connection distance of the high-frequency cantilever substrate frame and the low-frequency cantilever substrate frame; the first mass block is bonded with the low-frequency cantilever substrate through glue, the edge length is flush with the tail end of the low-frequency cantilever substrate, the height is low, the gap distance between the first mass block and the high-frequency cantilever substrate is large, and collision is avoided; the second mass block and the high-frequency cantilever substrate are adhered together through glue, the edges are parallel and level, the height is high, and the gap between the second mass block and the low-frequency cantilever substrate is small; the piezoelectric sheets are flush with the fixed ends of the two substrates and flush with the side surfaces of the substrates, and the length is determined according to the length of the substrates; the low-frequency cantilever substrate is provided with a rectangular cavity penetrating through the side surface of the substrate at the position close to the fixed end, the cavity is rectangular along the cross section of the substrate, and the length direction of the cavity is consistent with that of the substrate.
The shape of the mass is chosen in this example, but this is not necessary, and the shape and dimensions can be modified to meet the frequency requirements.
Low frequency cantilever base plate (3), first quality piece (5) and low frequency cantilever base plate piezoelectric plate (2) constitute first order vibration system, and low frequency cantilever base plate and first quality piece all adopt the structural steel, and natural frequency reaches through the size of adjusting the size of cavity and quality piece, make it can reach resonance under lower external vibration frequency.
The high-frequency cantilever substrate (7), the second mass block (4) and the high-frequency cantilever substrate piezoelectric sheet (6) form a second-stage vibration system, structural steel is adopted, and the thickness of the high-frequency cantilever substrate is larger than that of the low-frequency cantilever substrate, so that the natural frequency of the high-frequency cantilever substrate is higher than that of the low-frequency cantilever substrate. The PVDF piezoelectric film is used for paving the piezoelectric material adhered on the cantilever substrate.
The low-frequency cantilever substrate is 200mm long, 10mm wide and 6mm high; the first mass block is 15mm long, 10mm wide and 6mm high and is positioned at the tail end of the low-frequency cantilever substrate; the high-frequency cantilever substrate is 150mm long, 10mm wide and 10mm high; the second mass block is 10mm long, 10mm wide and 40mm high.
The energy harvesting method of the frequency-raising adjustable compact piezoelectric energy harvesting device comprises the following specific steps:
when the vibration frequency of the external environment is low, the external environment directly drives the low-frequency cantilever substrate frame (1) and the low-frequency cantilever substrate (3) to vibrate at the same frequency, and the low-frequency cantilever substrate (3), the low-frequency cantilever substrate piezoelectric plate (2) and the first mass block (5) form a first-stage vibration system. The first-stage vibration system resonates due to the existence of the cavity and the mass block and the thinner base plate and the lower inherent frequency of the first-stage vibration system;
the resonance of the first-stage vibration system enables the vibration amplitude of the low-frequency cantilever substrate to be greatly increased, and the second mass block (4) is impacted and collided continuously. Therefore, the vibration frequency of the second-stage vibration system is improved, namely, the purpose of frequency increasing is achieved;
the high-frequency cantilever substrate (7), the second mass block (4) and the high-frequency cantilever substrate piezoelectric sheet (6) form a second-stage vibration system, and the first-stage vibration system and the second-stage vibration system adjust the collision position by adjusting the connecting slide rails of the high-frequency cantilever substrate frame and the low-frequency cantilever substrate frame; different collision positions are selected at different external frequencies so as to achieve the effects of widening the output frequency band and improving the output voltage.
The second stage vibration system is not only subjected to external excitation but also to the impact from the first vibration system, thereby achieving resonance. The piezoelectric sheet has larger strain due to being stuck at the fixed end of the cantilever substrate, and converts the vibration energy into electric energy to be output according to the direct piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric sheet, so that microelectronic devices such as a sensor and the like can work.

Claims (3)

1. The utility model provides an adjustable compact piezoelectricity energy harvesting device of formula of rising, its characterized in that: the piezoelectric resonator comprises a low-frequency cantilever substrate (3), a first mass block (5), a low-frequency cantilever substrate piezoelectric sheet (2), a high-frequency cantilever substrate (7), a second mass block (4), a high-frequency cantilever substrate piezoelectric sheet (6), a low-frequency cantilever substrate frame (1) and a high-frequency cantilever substrate frame (8);
the low-frequency cantilever substrate frame (1) and the high-frequency cantilever substrate frame (8) are relatively vertically arranged, and the low-frequency cantilever substrate (3) is vertically and fixedly connected with the low-frequency cantilever substrate frame (1); the high-frequency cantilever substrate (7) is vertically and fixedly connected with a high-frequency cantilever substrate frame (8); the first mass block (5) is a cuboid with the same width as the edge length of the low-frequency cantilever substrate (3), and is flush with the end surface and the side surface of the free end of the low-frequency cantilever substrate (3); the second mass block (4) is a cuboid with the same width as the edge length of the high-frequency cantilever substrate (7), and is flush with the end surface and the side surface of the free end of the high-frequency cantilever substrate (7); the second mass block (4) and the low-frequency cantilever substrate (3) are opposite to each other and concentrically arranged with a certain gap;
the length direction of the low-frequency cantilever substrate piezoelectric sheet (2) is consistent with the length direction of the low-frequency cantilever substrate (3) and is equal in width, and the length direction of the low-frequency cantilever substrate piezoelectric sheet is flush with the end face and the side face of the fixed end of the low-frequency cantilever substrate (3); the length direction of the high-frequency cantilever substrate piezoelectric sheet (6) is consistent with the length direction of the high-frequency cantilever substrate (7) and is equal in width, and the high-frequency cantilever substrate piezoelectric sheet is flush with the end face and the side face of the fixed end of the high-frequency cantilever substrate (7);
the low frequency cantilever base plate (3) is opened in the position department that is close to the stiff end has a rectangle cavity that runs through the base plate side, and the rectangle cavity is the rectangle and length direction is unanimous with low frequency cantilever base plate (3) along the base plate cross section: the low-frequency cantilever substrate frame (1) and the high-frequency cantilever substrate frame (8) are connected through a sliding rail mechanism, and the collision position of the second mass block (4) and the low-frequency cantilever substrate (3) is adjusted through adjusting the sliding rail mechanism.
2. The piezoelectric energy harvesting device of claim 1, wherein: the low-frequency cantilever substrate (3), the first mass block (5), the high-frequency cantilever substrate (7), the second mass block (4), the low-frequency cantilever substrate frame (1) and the high-frequency cantilever substrate frame (8) are all made of common stainless steel.
3. The piezoelectric energy harvesting device of claim 1, wherein: the frame receives vibration excitation of the environment, so that the low-frequency cantilever substrate deforms and further collides with the high-frequency cantilever substrate, the piezoelectric plate stuck on the low-frequency cantilever substrate and the high-frequency cantilever substrate deforms to obtain energy, and the effects of widening an output voltage frequency band and improving the output voltage are achieved by changing collision positions and collision gaps.
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CN112595408B (en) * 2020-12-10 2021-07-23 四川度飞科技有限责任公司 Dynamic resonance sensing device
CN113224977B (en) * 2021-06-01 2022-04-01 吉林大学 Vibration energy collector with double self-adaptation of direction and frequency

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CN106803726A (en) * 2015-11-26 2017-06-06 清华大学 Low-frequency vibration electromagnetic energy collector

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