CN110376102A - A kind of Surface Tension of Liquid Drops test method - Google Patents
A kind of Surface Tension of Liquid Drops test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110376102A CN110376102A CN201910653239.1A CN201910653239A CN110376102A CN 110376102 A CN110376102 A CN 110376102A CN 201910653239 A CN201910653239 A CN 201910653239A CN 110376102 A CN110376102 A CN 110376102A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
- G01N13/02—Investigating surface tension of liquids
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Abstract
The present invention relates to new materials to research and develop field, a kind of Surface Tension of Liquid Drops test method, Surface Tension of Liquid Drops test device includes rotation motor, rotating disk, supporting table, two fixed links, video camera, light source, computer, becket, drop to be measured, current source, cable and brush, rotation motor adjustable speed, based on wheel measuring method, surface tension of liquid is calculated by the method for the average curvature of measurement rotating liquid drop, suitable for high surface tension and highly viscous liquid, it can accurately determine Surface Tension of Liquid Drops, high-precision stalagmometry can be carried out to high surface tension or highly viscous liquid, cost is relatively low, sample size needed for measurement is small, and the drop of heating can be measured, surface tension of liquid is calculated by the method for the average curvature of measurement rotating liquid drop, only need dosage in the fluid sample of microlitre magnitude , it is suitable for high surface tension and highly viscous liquid, and there is heating function, high temperature measurement can be carried out to glass of thawing etc..
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to new materials to research and develop field, a kind of especially a kind of drop that can accurately determine Surface Tension of Liquid Drops
Surface tension test method.
Background technique
The surface tension of liquid is able to reflect certain characteristics of liquid, all has in scientific research and engineer application important
Meaning, the measurement most common method of surface tension of liquid is Wilhelmy method, is contacted by measurement with liquid surface
Thin slice increases weight to determine the surface tension of liquid, the disadvantage is that more time-consuming when measuring the liquid of high surface tension；Usually
The surface tension of liquid is measured using spectrum method and laser interference method of operating, such as using hang droplet method come to compared with
A small amount of liquid carries out stalagmometry, and the tension of liquid surface is determined by the distortion of droplet profile, but can only
The lower surface tension for measuring certain liquid, especially for high surface tension, high viscosity, high temperature liquid, for example melt
Metal, glass, the high molecular polymer of thawing etc., can not accurately measure its surface tension, a kind of droplet surface
Tensile Test Method is able to solve problem.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention is based on wheel measuring method, by the average curvature for measuring rotating liquid drop
Method calculates surface tension of liquid, is suitable for high surface tension and highly viscous liquid.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that:
Surface Tension of Liquid Drops test device includes rotation motor, rotating disk, supporting table, two fixed links, video camera, light
Source, computer, becket, drop to be measured, current source, cable and brush, xyz are three-dimensional system of coordinate, rotation motor adjustable speed, rotation
Turntable is disk and including front, rear and sides, there are two the tools of side one week annular electrode, two annular electrodes respectively with electricity
The anode in stream source is connected with cathode by cable, brush, coaxially connected in rotation motor, the front of rotating disk behind rotating disk
Edge be fixed with supporting table, rotation motor is able to drive rotating disk and rotates in x/y plane, and two fixed links are parallel to each other
Ground is installed in supporting table, and keeps two fixed links parallel with rotating disk, two fixed links by supporting table respectively with rotating disk
Two annular electrodes of side are connected, and becket both ends connect and are connected with the upper end of two fixed links respectively, and becket is by straight
Diameter is that 0.2 millimeter of metal bifilar-wound forms, and drop to be measured is adsorbed in becket, current source can be powered to becket
Stream, so that becket heat production and drop to be measured is made to heat up；Video camera, light source and computer are respectively positioned on the positive side of rotating disk,
Video camera and the equal cable connection computer of light source, enable video camera in supporting table becket and drop to be measured be imaged,
And by the information input of imaging to computer；The radius of rotating disk is 30 millimeters；The diameter of becket is 1.3 millimeters.
The step of a kind of Surface Tension of Liquid Drops test method measures are as follows:
Step 1 uses use for laboratory pipettor that 5 microlitres of testing liquids are transferred in becket to form drop to be measured,
The density p of testing liquid is known；
Step 2 adjusts camera position, and becket and drop to be measured can be imaged；
Step 3 opens rotation motor, so that rotating disk generates rotation around central shaft in x/y plane, thus prepare liquid
Drop rotates in x/y plane around rotating disk central axis, and the rotation speed of rotation motor is ω0；
Step 4, video camera acquire the image-forming information of drop to be measured and are input to computer, select and analyze drop to be measured
Image-forming information when being located at rotating disk lower side in each swing circle obtains prepare liquid by analyzing the image-forming information
Drip surface average curvature and its variation；
Step 5 adjusts the revolving speed of rotation motor, is respectively ω in the rotation speed of rotation motor0、1.2ω0、1.5ω0、
1.8ω0With 2.0 ω0Under conditions of repeat step 3 and step 4；
Step 6 obtains the variation of the droplet surface average curvature to be measured under different rotary motor rotary speed value according to step 5
Rate Δ H/h, Δ H indicate drop to be measured take up an official post two height difference h of meaning point average curvature difference；
Step 7, by data drafting pattern in step 6, ordinate is the change rate Δ of droplet surface average curvature to be measured
H/h, abscissa are the acceleration g of the drop to be measured measured under the conditions of the different rotating speeds of rotating disk respectively/With the product g of h/H,
And linear fit is carried out, the match value of slope is the σ of ρ/2, and the surface tension σ of drop to be measured is finally calculated.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
The method of the present invention can carry out high-precision stalagmometry, cost to high surface tension or highly viscous liquid
It is lower, measure that required sample size is small, and can measure to the drop of heating.
Detailed description of the invention
It is further illustrated below with reference to figure of the invention:
Fig. 1 is schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the front schematic view of rotating disk；
Fig. 3 is becket amplification schematic top plan view.
In figure, 1. rotation motors, 2. rotating disks, 3. supporting tables, 4. two fixed links, 5. video cameras, 6. light sources, 7. are calculated
Machine, 8. beckets, 9. drops to be measured.
Specific embodiment
If Fig. 1 is schematic diagram of the present invention, including rotation motor (1), rotating disk (2), supporting table (3), two fixed links
(4), video camera (5), light source (6), computer (7), becket (8), drop to be measured (9), current source, cable and brush, xyz are
Three-dimensional system of coordinate, rotation motor (1) adjustable speed, for disk and including front, rear and sides, side has rotating disk (2) for one week
There are two annular electrode, two annular electrodes are connect with the anode and cathode of current source by cable, brush respectively, rotating disk
(2) coaxially connected in rotation motor (1) behind, the positive edge of rotating disk (2) is fixed with supporting table (3), rotates horse
It is able to drive rotating disk (2) up to (1) to rotate in x/y plane, video camera (5), light source (6) and computer (7) are respectively positioned on rotating disk
(2) positive side, video camera (5) and light source (6) cable connection computer (7), so that video camera (5) can be to supporting table
(3) becket (8) on and drop to be measured (9) imaging, and by the information input of imaging to computer (7).
If Fig. 2 is the front schematic view of rotating disk, it is located at rotating disk in figure for drop (9) to be measured in a swing circle
(2) moment when lower side, the radius of rotating disk (2) are 30 millimeters, and two fixed links (4) are installed on support parallel to each other
On platform (3), and keep two fixed links (4) parallel with rotating disk (2), two fixed links (4) by supporting table (3) respectively with rotation
Two annular electrodes of disk (2) side are connected, and becket (8) both ends connect and are connected with the upper end of two fixed links (4) respectively,
It is adsorbed in becket (8) drop to be measured (9), the typical sizes of drop (9) diameter to be measured are 1 millimeter, and current source can be to gold
Belong to ring (8) galvanization so that becket (8) heat production and make drop to be measured (9) heat up.
If Fig. 3 is becket amplification schematic top plan view, the metal bifilar-wound that becket (8) is 0.2 millimeter by diameter
It forms, the diameter of becket (8) is 1.3 millimeters.
Surface Tension of Liquid Drops test device includes rotation motor (1), rotating disk (2), supporting table (3), two fixed links
(4), video camera (5), light source (6), computer (7), becket (8), drop to be measured (9), current source, cable and brush, xyz are
Three-dimensional system of coordinate, rotation motor (1) adjustable speed, for disk and including front, rear and sides, side has rotating disk (2) for one week
There are two annular electrode, two annular electrodes are connect with the anode and cathode of current source by cable, brush respectively, rotating disk
(2) coaxially connected in rotation motor (1) behind, the positive edge of rotating disk (2) is fixed with supporting table (3), rotates horse
It is able to drive rotating disk (2) up to (1) to rotate in x/y plane, two fixed links (4) are installed on supporting table (3) parallel to each other
On, and keep two fixed links (4) parallel with rotating disk (2), two fixed links (4) by supporting table (3) respectively with rotating disk (2)
Two annular electrodes of side are connected, and becket (8) both ends connect and are connected, metal with the upper end of two fixed links (4) respectively
Ring (8) is formed by the metal bifilar-wound that diameter is 0.2 millimeter, and drop to be measured (9), current source are adsorbed in becket (8)
Can to becket (8) galvanization so that becket (8) heat production and make drop to be measured (9) heat up；Video camera (5), light source (6)
It is respectively positioned on the positive side of rotating disk (2), video camera (5) and light source (6) cable connection computer (7) with computer (7), makes
Video camera (5) can on supporting table (3) becket (8) and drop to be measured (9) be imaged, and extremely by the information input of imaging
Computer (7)；The radius of rotating disk (2) is 30 millimeters；The diameter of becket (8) is 1.3 millimeters.
The principle of rotating liquid drop surface tension: Surface Tension of Liquid Drops is measured using traditional suspension droplet method
When, 2 σ Δ H=ρ gh are had according to Young-Laplace equation, wherein σ indicates the surface tension of drop to be measured, and Δ H indicates prepare liquid
The difference of the average curvature of the point of any two height difference h, ρ indicate the fluid density of drop to be measured, analyze prepare liquid in drop
The realtime graphic of drop selects the point of 10 droplet surfaces to be measured as sampled point, and obtains each sampled point by image analysis
Curvature, finally obtain the surface tension of drop to be measured.Equation, which shows Δ H or ρ gh increase, can be improved Surface Tension of Liquid Drops
The precision of measurement, when the size of drop to be measured is sufficiently large and surface tension is lower, drop gradually occurs in the presence of its gravity
Deformation is simultaneously finally dripped, in this case can more accurately surface tension, still, for the liquid of high surface tension
Body, the low measurement accuracy of existing method, and the method for rotating liquid drop surface tension of the present invention, drop to be measured is carried out
Rotation in perpendicular, for drop to be measured under the collective effect of the centrifugal force and its gravity that are subject to, liquid is worked as in twist distortion enhancing
The viscosity of body is sufficiently low and drop is in the case that just deformation occurs within the time to rotate a circle, above-mentioned Young-Laplace equation
It can be expressed as 2 σ Δ H=ρ (ω2L ± g) h, wherein ω and L is respectively rotation of the drop to be measured around rotating disk (2) center axis rotation
Rotary speed and radius of turn apply positive sign and negative sign when drop to be measured is located at the bottom and top of rotating disk (2), herein respectively
H is less than the one thousandth of L.
If the viscosity of drop to be measured is sufficiently high and the characteristic time constant of its deformation is greater than the swing circle of rotating disk (2)
1000 times or more, the effect of gravity can be ignored, and Young-Laplace equation can be expressed as 2 σ Δ H=ρ ω2Lh, for
The lesser drop to be measured of size, viscous force can overcome its inertia, and motion characteristics time constant is similar to R η/σ, wherein
R is droplet radius to be measured, and η is the viscosity of drop to be measured, available as ω > > σ/R η, 2 σ Δ H=ρ ω2Lh similar to
It is vertical, for example, for the drop to be measured of surface tension σ=0.1 n/m magnitude, if droplet radius R=1 millimeters to be measured, viscosity
The pascal second of η=1000, then drop to be measured around the rotation speed ω of rotating disk (2) center axis rotation need be greater than 100 times/
Second, rotation motor (1) uses direct current generator or frequency control motor.
Specific measurement method is explained: being visited using a certain moment of the video camera (5) in the swing circle of drop to be measured (9)
Its shape is surveyed, for example, to the lower side of rotating disk (2), passing through the variation of drop to be measured (9) shape in drop to be measured (9) rotation
Come judge drop to be measured (9) whether beinthebalancestate.The key of measurement is to determine that it is flat by observing drop (9) shape to be measured
Equal curvature can only be observed, therefore, average curvature can only pass through two since drop to be measured (9) is rotating from a direction
A main curvature is averaged to obtain, and test device uses the structure of fixed link (4) and becket (8), passes through becket (8)
Geometrical boundary limitation come so that the shape of drop to be measured (9) be it is symmetrical, and the plane of becket (8) and drop to be measured (9) around
The direction for the centrifugal force being subject to when the center axis rotation of rotating disk (2) is vertical；Moreover, can to becket (8) galvanization so that
Its heat production simultaneously heats up to the drop to be measured (9) being adsorbed in becket (8), controls energy especially for the temperature of small size drop
Power is preferable, and therefore, the present invention can be used in carrying out high temperature measurement to the glass and high molecular polymer etc. that such as melt.
The diameter of the typical sizes of the drop to be measured (9) used is measured as 1 millimeter, usually only needs tens seconds in rotation
Come so that droplet profile is stablized, the time than traditional hanging method measurement is short many.By the rotation for changing drop (9) to be measured
Speed obtains different degrees of twist distortion to measure to the same drop (9) to be measured, can be by repeatedly measuring
More accurate surface tension is obtained, by being fitted the data measured, drafting pattern, ordinate is drop to be measured (9) surface
The change rate Δ H/h of average curvature, abscissa are the drop to be measured measured under the conditions of the different rotating speeds of rotating disk (2) respectively
(9) acceleration g/With the product g of h/H, according to 2 σ Δ H=ρ (ω of formula2L ± g) h, the match value of slope is expressed as the σ of ρ/2.
The step of a kind of Surface Tension of Liquid Drops test method measures are as follows:
Step 1 uses use for laboratory pipettor that 5 microlitres of testing liquids are transferred in becket (8) to form prepare liquid
It drips (9), the density p of testing liquid is known；
Step 2 adjusts video camera (5) position, and becket (8) and drop to be measured (9) can be imaged；
Step 3 is opened rotation motor (1), so that rotating disk (2) generates rotation around central shaft in x/y plane, thus
Drop (9) to be measured rotates in x/y plane around rotating disk (2) central axis, and the rotation speed of rotation motor (1) is ω0；
Step 4, video camera (5) acquire the image-forming information of drop (9) to be measured and are input to computer (7), select and analyze
Drop (9) to be measured is located at image-forming information when rotating disk (2) lower side in each swing circle, is believed by analyzing the imaging
Breath, obtains drop to be measured (9) surface average curvature and its variation；
Step 5 adjusts the revolving speed of rotation motor (1), is respectively ω in the rotation speed of rotation motor (1)0、1.2ω0、
1.5ω0、1.8ω0With 2.0 ω0Under conditions of repeat step 3 and step 4；
Step 6 obtains drop to be measured (9) surface average curvature under different rotary motor (1) tachometer value according to step 5
Change rate Δ H/h, Δ H indicate drop to be measured take up an official post two height difference h of meaning point average curvature difference；
Step 7, by data drafting pattern in step 6, ordinate is the change rate of drop to be measured (9) surface average curvature
Δ H/h, abscissa are the acceleration g of the drop to be measured (9) measured under the conditions of the different rotating speeds of rotating disk (2) respectively/With h's
Product g/H, and linear fit is carried out, the match value of slope is the σ of ρ/2, and the surface tension σ of drop to be measured (9) is finally calculated.
The present invention calculates surface tension of liquid by the method for the average curvature of measurement rotating liquid drop, it is only necessary to which dosage is micro-
The fluid sample of rising amount grade is suitable for high surface tension and highly viscous liquid, and has heating function, can be to the glass of thawing
Glass etc. carries out high temperature measurement.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of Surface Tension of Liquid Drops test method, Surface Tension of Liquid Drops test device include rotation motor (1), rotating disk (2),
Supporting table (3), two fixed links (4), video camera (5), light source (6), computer (7), becket (8), drop to be measured (9), electricity
Stream source, cable and brush, xyz are three-dimensional system of coordinate, rotation motor (1) adjustable speed, rotating disk (2) be disk and including front,
Rear and sides, there are two annular electrode, two annular electrodes to pass through respectively with the anode and cathode of current source for the one week tool in side
Cable, brush connect, and coaxially connected in rotation motor (1) behind rotating disk (2), the positive edge of rotating disk (2) is solid
Surely have supporting table (3), rotation motor (1) is able to drive rotating disk (2) and rotates in x/y plane, and two fixed links (4) are mutually equal
It is installed on supporting table (3) capablely, and keeps two fixed links (4) parallel with rotating disk (2), two fixed links (4) pass through support
Platform (3) is connected with two annular electrodes of rotating disk (2) side respectively, becket (8) both ends respectively with two fixed links (4)
Upper end connects and is connected, and becket (8) is formed by the metal bifilar-wound that diameter is 0.2 millimeter, and becket is adsorbed in (8)
Drop (9) to be measured, current source can to becket (8) galvanization so that becket (8) heat production and make drop to be measured (9) heat up；
Video camera (5), light source (6) and computer (7) are respectively positioned on the positive side of rotating disk (2), video camera (5) and light source (6) electricity
Cable connect computer (7) so that video camera (5) can on supporting table (3) becket (8) and drop to be measured (9) be imaged, and
By the information input of imaging to computer (7)；The radius of rotating disk (2) is 30 millimeters；The diameter of becket (8) is 1.3 millimeters,
It is characterized in that: the step of a kind of Surface Tension of Liquid Drops test method measures are as follows:
Step 1 uses use for laboratory pipettor that 5 microlitres of testing liquids are transferred in becket (8) to form drop to be measured
(9), the density p of testing liquid is known；
Step 2 adjusts video camera (5) position, and becket (8) and drop to be measured (9) can be imaged；
Step 3 is opened rotation motor (1), so that rotating disk (2) generates rotation around central shaft in x/y plane, thus to be measured
Drop (9) rotates in x/y plane around rotating disk (2) central axis, and the rotation speed of rotation motor (1) is ω0；
Step 4, video camera (5) acquire the image-forming information of drop (9) to be measured and are input to computer (7), select and analyze to be measured
Drop (9) is located at image-forming information when rotating disk (2) lower side in each swing circle, by analyzing the image-forming information,
Obtain drop to be measured (9) surface average curvature and its variation；
Step 5 adjusts the revolving speed of rotation motor (1), is respectively ω in the rotation speed of rotation motor (1)0、1.2ω0、1.5
ω0、1.8ω0With 2.0 ω0Under conditions of repeat step 3 and step 4；
Step 6 obtains the change of drop to be measured (9) surface average curvature under different rotary motor (1) tachometer value according to step 5
Rate Δ H/h, Δ H indicate drop to be measured take up an official post two height difference h of meaning point average curvature difference；
Step 7, by data drafting pattern in step 6, ordinate is the change rate Δ H/ of drop to be measured (9) surface average curvature
H, abscissa are the acceleration g of the drop to be measured (9) measured under the conditions of the different rotating speeds of rotating disk (2) respectively/With the product of h
g/H, and linear fit is carried out, the match value of slope is the σ of ρ/2, and the surface tension σ of drop to be measured (9) is finally calculated.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113670776A (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2021-11-19 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Liquid drop surface tension measuring method adopting multi-section ellipse fitting |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113670776A (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2021-11-19 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Liquid drop surface tension measuring method adopting multi-section ellipse fitting |
| CN113670776B (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2023-12-05 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Liquid drop surface tension measuring method adopting multistage ellipse fitting |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN110376102B (en) | 2021-10-26 |
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