CN110376059A - Structure whole audience lightweight quantitative evaluation method based on static strength - Google Patents

Structure whole audience lightweight quantitative evaluation method based on static strength Download PDF

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CN110376059A
CN110376059A CN201910623661.2A CN201910623661A CN110376059A CN 110376059 A CN110376059 A CN 110376059A CN 201910623661 A CN201910623661 A CN 201910623661A CN 110376059 A CN110376059 A CN 110376059A
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stress
static
strength
distribution
point
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CN110376059B (en
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卢曦
王宏
黄嘉炜
刘汉光
田磊
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University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
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University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/22—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady torsional forces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/40—Investigating hardness or rebound hardness

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Abstract

Phenomenon is evaluated for the quantitative lightweight of the whole audience can not be carried out existing for existing light-weight design method.The structure whole audience lightweight quantitative evaluation method based on static strength that the invention proposes a kind of, is matched using structural static strength field with structural stress field, and the lightweight quantitative assessment of the structure whole audience is carried out.Specially according to the highest stress distribution in structural danger section, the ideal static strength field distribution in structural danger section is determined, according to the Jominy end-quench curves and intensity hardness transformational relation of structure heat treatment requirements and material, determine the static strength distribution in structural danger section.The whole audience lightweight horizontal quantitative evaluation in structural danger section is carried out using Stress-Strength Interference Model.

Description

Structure whole audience lightweight quantitative evaluation method based on static strength
Technical field
The present invention relates to structural static strength design and static strengths in Machine Design to evaluate field, is suitable for black, coloured etc. The evaluation of the Static Strength Design and static strength of mechanical structure and components.
Background technique
The existing lightweight evaluation method based on static strength is only to carry out static strength lightweight with dangerouse cross-section intensity requirement Evaluation as a whole handles mechanical structure and the static strength of components, only considered dangerouse cross-section highest stress and entirety Relationship between static strength is compared the highest stress of dangerous point and whole intensity.The stress of structure is field and part Concept, the stress under structure and the components dangerouse cross-section whole audience point can accurately can be solved by the mechanics of materials or finite element Cloth, for structure other than bearing simple Tensile or Compressive Loading, the stress at the different location of structural danger section is different.Therefore, existing machinery The design method of the dangerous point highest stress and integral strength of structure and components not can avoid local strength's mistake of dangerouse cross-section It is surplus, also can not further progress influence the quantitative matching of the material of dangerouse cross-section static strength, heat treatment, not can be carried out mechanical structure Whole audience lightweight quantitative assessment with components based on static strength.The invention proposes the concepts of intensity field, realize based on quiet The structure lightened quantitative assessment of intensity field is ideal tensile strength field by stress field translation, passes through the Jominy end-quench curves and Re Chu of material Reason requires obtained hardness field to be converted into actual strength field, passes through the inatheadearomatizationazone and safety coefficient of actual strength field and stress field Relationship carry out the light-weighted quantitative assessment of the whole audience.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is it is quantitative to carry out the whole audience existing for existing light-weight design method Lightweight evaluation.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution of the present invention is to provide a kind of structure whole audience based on static strength Lightweight quantitative evaluation method, which is characterized in that matched using structural static strength field with structural stress field, it is complete to carry out structure Field lightweight quantitative assessment, comprising the following steps:
It is likely to occur in step 1, the determining quasi- structure use process for carrying out whole audience lightweight quantitative assessment most dangerous Limit dead load, the gradient direction that highest static stress and static stress at structural danger section are obtained under the limit dead load are answered Power distribution；
Step 2, according to the gradient direction stress distribution of highest static stress and static stress at structural danger section, endanger The ideal static strength field distribution in dangerous section designs, so that the static strength of any point on structural danger section is both greater than answering for the point Power, according to stress-strength interference theory, the ideal tensile strength of mechanical structure and components dangerouse cross-section any point is designed as the point Stress is multiplied by safety coefficient；
Step 3, according to the Jominy end-quench curves of structure heat treatment requirements and material, determine structural danger section lowest hardness and The gradient distribution of maximum hardness and hardness；
Step 4, according to hardness-static strength transformational relation, determine the minimum practical static strength and highest in structural danger section The gradient distribution of practical static strength and practical static strength；
Step 5 guarantees that the intensity of any point is more than or equal to the limit stress of the point using Stress-Strength Interference Model, leads to The gradient distribution and the distribution of limit static stress for crossing the practical static strength at structural danger position, carry out the whole audience at structural danger position The lightweight quantitative assessment of lightweight quantitative assessment --- surface and its depth distribution, the i.e. practical static strength at any point and should The ratio between the highest stress of point.
Preferably, in step 1, the highest static stress and the ladder are calculated using the mechanics of materials or finite element method Spend direction stress distribution.
Preferably, in step 1, the highest static stress is the surface highest stress at structural danger section；The gradient Direction stress distribution is distribution of the surface stress at structural danger section along depth.
Preferably, in step 2, when carrying out the ideal static strength field distribution design of dangerouse cross-section, according to structure use process The gradient direction stress distribution of highest static stress and static stress under middle limit dead load determines the ideal static strength field point of structure Cloth, the amplification proportional to the gradient direction stress distribution of highest static stress and static stress of ideal tensile strength field are dry according to stress-intensity Relating to theory, the ideal tensile strength of mechanical structure and components dangerouse cross-section any point is designed as the stress of the point multiplied by safety coefficient, And the ideal static strength distribution on structural danger section, it is superfluous that there is no intensity, and rate of utilization of strength reaches maximum.
Preferably, the step 3 the following steps are included:
According to the treated forms in structure heat treatment requirements and given hardness parameter, the end quenching of bond material is minimum hard Degree and maximum hardness determine the lowest hardness and maximum hardness and hardness gradient point in structural danger section along the curve of depth distribution Cloth curve.
Preferably, in step 5, when carrying out the lightweight quantitative assessment, if the practical static strength at any point and the point Highest stress ratio be less than safety coefficient, static strength is inadequate, and Static Strength Design is unreasonable, increase intensity；Any point The ratio of the highest stress of practical static strength and the point is greater than safety coefficient, and Strength surplus, the value is bigger, and light weight degree is got over It is low.
The present invention can carry out quantitative lightweight to whole audience any point and comment compared to existing lightweight evaluation method Valence further increases stock utilization to pass through the improvement of technique and material, plays lightweight potential.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is solid shafting dimensional drawing, in Fig. 1, Φ 1=28.5mm, Φ 2=27mm, Φ 3=29.2mm, Φ 4= 30.5mm, Φ 5=26.6mm, Φ 6=27.1mm, L=468mm；
Fig. 2 is implementation flow chart of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the stress distribution of dangerouse cross-section；
Fig. 4 is that distorting stress and ideal tensile strength are distributed；
Fig. 5 is the Jominy end-quench curves of 38B3 material；
Fig. 6 is the distribution of 38B3 solid shafting actual strength；
Fig. 7 is whole audience lightweight quantitative assessment.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing, the present invention is further explained.It should be understood that these embodiments are merely to illustrate the present invention and do not have to In limiting the scope of the invention.In addition, it should also be understood that, after reading the content taught by the present invention, those skilled in the art can be with The present invention is made various changes or modifications, such equivalent forms equally fall within model defined by the application the appended claims It encloses.
The present invention is further illustrated so that solid shafting is in the torsion under torsional load as an example, the material of axis is 38B3 steel, heat Processing is surface mid frequency induction hardening, and surface hardness 57-62HRC, the depth of hardening zone that hardness is 500HV is 4.8-8mm, and core is hard The size of degree≤30HRC, solid shafting is as shown in Figure 1.
As shown in Fig. 2, a kind of structure whole audience lightweight quantitative evaluation method based on static strength provided by the invention includes Following steps:
1) the highest static stress and its gradient distribution of limit dead load flowering structure danger position are determined
It is likely to occur in structure use process under most dangerous limit dead load, application material mechanics or finite element side Method calculates the gradient direction stress distribution of the highest static stress and static stress at structural danger section, under simple load, most The gradient direction stress distribution of high static stress and static stress is the surface highest stress at structural danger section and stress at this Along the distribution of depth.
For the present embodiment, the most dangerous pure torsional load of limit static load is 4500Nm, application material mechanics, for this reality A dangerouse cross-section is applied at the outer surface diameter 27mm of torsion modulus minimum (i.e. diameter is minimum), highest stress τmaxIt calculates such as formula (1) shown in:
In formula (1), T is torque, unit Nm；WtFor Torsion Section coefficient, unit m3。
Highest static stress greatest gradient direction is that axle center is directed toward in the outer surface of dangerouse cross-section, and any point answers on dangerouse cross-section Power is calculated as shown in formula (2):
In formula, τyFor the stress of any that the distance on cross section away from axle center is y；Ty T be cross section on away from axle center away from Torque from any for y, unit Nm；IpFor second polar moment of area, unit m4。
The dangerouse cross-section stress gradient distribution that the present embodiment is calculated is as shown in Figure 3.
2) according to structure highest static stress and its gradient distribution, the ideal static strength field distribution design of dangerouse cross-section is carried out
According to the highest static stress and its gradient direction distribution under limit dead load in structure use process, knot can be determined The ideal static strength field distribution of structure, the amplification proportional to highest static stress and its gradient direction distribution of ideal tensile strength field.Structure danger The static strength of any point on dangerous section is both greater than the stress of the point, and the ratio between the stress of the static strength of any point and the point is normal Number, the number are safety coefficient.Ideal static strength distribution on structural danger section, it is superfluous that there is no intensity, and rate of utilization of strength reaches To maximum.
In the present embodiment, ideal tensile strength design is that the ideal tensile strength of structural danger section any point is both greater than the pole of the point Limit stress, the ratio of ideal tensile strength and limit stress is constant, which is safety coefficient, it and load, material property etc. because It is plain related.The safety coefficient of Static Strength Design takes 1.2 in this example, ideal torsional strength field distribution such as Fig. 4 institute under integral strength Show, gives limit stress distribution in Fig. 4 simultaneously.
3) according to the Jominy end-quench curves of structure heat treatment requirements and material, the hardness and its gradient point in structural danger section are determined Cloth
According to the treated forms and given surface hardness, depth of hardening zone, core hardness in structure heat treatment requirements Etc. single hardness parameter, the end quenching of bond material is minimum and maximum hardness is along the curve of depth distribution, can determine structural danger The minimum and maximum hardness and its gradient distribution curve in section.
In the present embodiment, the material of solid shafting is 38B3 steel, is heat-treated as surface mid frequency induction hardening, surface hardness 57- 62HRC, the depth of hardening zone that hardness is 500HV are 4.8-8mm, core hardness≤30HRC.According to the end quenching of 38B3 steel it is minimum and Highest determines that the minimum and maximum hardness in structural danger section and its gradient distribution are as shown in Figure 5 along the curve of depth distribution.
4) according to hardness-static strength transformational relation, the practical static strength and its gradient distribution in structural danger section are determined
Hardness-the static strength pair obtained according to the hardness of black or non-ferrous metal-static strength corresponding conversion relationship or test It should be related to, the minimum and maximum hardness and its gradient distribution curve in structural danger section are converted into the minimum of structural danger section With the practical static strength of highest and its gradient distribution curve.
It is available using intensity-hardness transformational relation and third strength theory according to the hardness profile of 38B3 steel The torsional strength of this example structure is distributed, and arbitrary point torsional strength is calculated as shown in formula (3):
In formula (3), τ is the torsional strength of structure any point, unit MPa；HdFor the hardness of structure any point, unit is HRC。
The practical torsional strength of this example structure obtained by formula (3) is distributed as shown in Figure 6.
5) Stress-Strength Interference Model is applied, the whole audience lightweight horizontal quantitative evaluation in structural danger section is carried out
Guarantee that the intensity of any point is more than or equal to the limit of the point using whole audience Stress-Strength Interference Model, that is, Intensity Design Stress is carried out at structural danger position by the practical static strength field distribution and the distribution of limit static stress at structural danger position The lightweight quantitative assessment of whole audience lightweight quantitative assessment --- surface and its depth distribution, the i.e. practical static strength at any point The ratio between with the highest stress of the point.The ratio of the stress of the actual strength at any point and the point is less than safety coefficient, static strength Not enough, Static Strength Design is unreasonable, needs to increase intensity；The ratio of the stress of the actual strength at any point and the point is greater than peace Overall coefficient, Strength surplus, the value is bigger, and light weight degree is lower.
In the present embodiment, whole audience Stress-Strength Interference Model refers to that the intensity of any point is greater than stress, answering for this example Power distribution and actual strength are distributed under same coordinate and indicate, as shown in Figure 7: it can be seen from the figure that practical minimum torsion is strong Correlation between degree, distorting stress, ideal torsional strength, the i.e. practical torsional strength in any point and practical distorting stress, reason The relationship for thinking torsional strength can evaluate the point by the practical torsional strength at any point and the ratio between the actual stress of the point Lightweight it is horizontal.It is hardened turning point 4.8mm, internal heat treatment turning point 8mm, central point etc. in this example with surface, subsurface 4 points are evaluated:
The practical torsion static strength in surface is 1631MPa, design ideal static strength is 1393MPa, distorting stress is 1161MPa, then practical torsion the ratio between static strength and distorting stress are 1.41；It is more than safety coefficient greater than design safety factor (DSF) 1.2 0.21, there is certain lightweight potential.
Subsurface harden the practical torsion static strength of turning point 4.8mm be 1474MPa, design ideal static strength is 1092MPa, distorting stress 910MPa, then practical torsion the ratio between static strength and distorting stress are 1.61；Greater than design safety system Number 1.2 is more than safety coefficient 0.41, and lightweight potential is bigger, can carry out intensity light-weight design by reducing case depth, Play lightweight potential.
The inside heat treatment practical torsional strength of turning point 8mm is 783MPa, design ideal static strength is 534MPa, torsion Stress is 445MPa, then practical torsion the ratio between static strength and distorting stress are 1.75；It is more than peace greater than design safety factor (DSF) 1.2 Overall coefficient 0.55, the point are determined by material heat treatment characteristic, can be carried out intensity light-weight design by depth of hardening zone, be played light Quantify potential.
The practical torsional strength of central point is 702MPa, design ideal static strength and distorting stress are all 0, the static strength of the point Superfluous infinite, process conditions can reduce core if allowing by using hollow structure and reverse static strength surplus.
To in this present embodiment, as limit dead load increases, static stress distribution curve and practical minimum torsion static strength Distribution curve intersects on surface first, and the static strength on surface is most dangerous with respect to its dead load, with the ideal static strength and reality on surface Border static strength is evaluated as whole audience lightweight horizontal quantitative, and subsurface and core are determined by the heat treatment characteristic of material and material. The ideal Static Strength Design of this example requires to be 1396MPa, is equivalent to quiet torsional load 4500Nm；But practical static strength is reachable 1631MPa is equivalent to quiet torsional load 5257Nm, and therefore, surface static strength surplus 235MPa, surplus 21% has centainly Lightweight potential.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of structure whole audience lightweight quantitative evaluation method based on static strength, which is characterized in that use structural static strength field It is matched with structural stress field, carries out the lightweight quantitative assessment of the structure whole audience, comprising the following steps:
Step 1 determines the most dangerous limit being likely to occur in the quasi- structure use process for carrying out whole audience lightweight quantitative assessment Dead load obtains the gradient direction stress point of the highest static stress and static stress at structural danger section under the limit dead load Cloth；
Step 2, according to the gradient direction stress distribution of highest static stress and static stress at structural danger section, carry out dangerous cut The ideal static strength field distribution in face designs, so that the static strength of any point on structural danger section is both greater than the stress of the point, According to stress-strength interference theory, the ideal tensile strength of mechanical structure and components dangerouse cross-section any point is designed as answering for the point Power is multiplied by safety coefficient；
Step 3, according to the Jominy end-quench curves of structure heat treatment requirements and material, determine the lowest hardness and highest in structural danger section The gradient distribution of hardness and hardness；
Step 4, according to hardness-static strength transformational relation, determine that the minimum practical static strength in structural danger section and highest are practical The gradient distribution of static strength and practical static strength；
Step 5 guarantees that the intensity of any point is more than or equal to the limit stress of the point using Stress-Strength Interference Model, passes through knot The gradient distribution and limit static stress of practical static strength at structure danger position are distributed, and carry out whole audience light weight at structural danger position Change quantitative assessment --- the lightweight quantitative assessment of surface and its depth distribution, the i.e. practical static strength at any point and the point The ratio between highest stress.
2. a kind of structure whole audience lightweight quantitative evaluation method based on static strength as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that In step 1, the highest static stress and the gradient direction stress distribution are calculated using the mechanics of materials or finite element method.
3. a kind of structure whole audience lightweight quantitative evaluation method based on static strength as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that In step 1, the highest static stress is the surface highest stress at structural danger section；The gradient direction stress distribution is knot The distribution of surface stress at structure dangerouse cross-section along depth.
4. a kind of structure whole audience lightweight quantitative evaluation method based on static strength as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that In step 2, when carrying out the ideal static strength field distribution design of dangerouse cross-section, according under limit dead load in structure use process The gradient direction stress distribution of highest static stress and static stress determines the ideal static strength field distribution of structure, ideal tensile strength field with most The proportional amplification of the gradient direction stress distribution of high static stress and static stress, according to stress-strength interference theory, mechanical structure and The ideal tensile strength of components dangerouse cross-section any point is designed as the stress of the point multiplied by safety coefficient, and on structural danger section Ideal static strength distribution, it is superfluous that there is no intensity, and rate of utilization of strength reaches maximum.
5. a kind of structure whole audience lightweight quantitative evaluation method based on static strength as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that The step 3 the following steps are included:
According in structure heat treatment requirements treated forms and given hardness parameter, the end quenching lowest hardness of bond material and Maximum hardness along the curve of depth distribution, determine structural danger section lowest hardness and maximum hardness and hardness gradient distribution it is bent Line.
6. a kind of structure whole audience lightweight quantitative evaluation method based on static strength as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that In step 5, when carrying out the lightweight quantitative assessment, if the ratio of the highest stress of the practical static strength at any point and the point Less than safety coefficient, static strength is inadequate, and Static Strength Design is unreasonable, increases intensity；The practical static strength at any point and the point Highest stress ratio be greater than safety coefficient, Strength surplus, the value is bigger, and light weight degree is lower.
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