CN110375285B - Efficient combustion cooling system and flue gas cooler - Google Patents
Efficient combustion cooling system and flue gas cooler Download PDFInfo
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- CN110375285B CN110375285B CN201910747723.0A CN201910747723A CN110375285B CN 110375285 B CN110375285 B CN 110375285B CN 201910747723 A CN201910747723 A CN 201910747723A CN 110375285 B CN110375285 B CN 110375285B
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 233
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 233
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 202
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 148
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 87
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur trioxide Chemical compound O=S(=O)=O AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 34
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 7
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 7
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003250 coal slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005262 decarbonization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003476 subbituminous coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
- F01K11/02—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
- F01K25/103—Carbon dioxide
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/22—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method using combustion under pressure substantially exceeding atmospheric pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
- F22B31/08—Installation of heat-exchange apparatus or of means in boilers for heating air supplied for combustion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
- F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
- F22B37/26—Steam-separating arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-efficiency combustion cooling system and a flue gas cooler, which comprise a combustion mechanism, a cyclone dust collector, a cooling mechanism, a steam turbine, a boiler water supply mechanism, a dust removing mechanism and a condensing mechanism, wherein the combustion mechanism comprises a combustion side and a material column side; the cooling mechanism is provided with a plurality of flue gas coolers, the flue gas coolers are connected with the steam turbine, the dust removing mechanism is connected with the cooling mechanism through a pipeline, the flue gas outlet of the dust removing mechanism is connected with the condensing mechanism through a pipeline, and the boiler water feeding mechanism provides boiler water for the condensing mechanism. The invention adopts the high-speed circulating fluidized bed technology to carry out high-pressure pure oxygen combustion, the heat of the flue gas is used for producing high-quality steam to drive a steam turbine to generate power, carbon dioxide is dried after combustion and is simply treated, and the carbon dioxide is further pressurized to be sent to CO 2 A conveying pipe.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel combustion, in particular to a high-efficiency combustion cooling system utilizing pure oxygen and a flue gas cooler.
Background
With the increasing of national economy in China, the electricity consumption of each industry is increased year by year, and each electric power industry is developed rapidly like spring bamboo shoots after rain. In recent years, thermal power coal-fired units continue to occupy the leading position, and the thermal power coal-fired units cannot be obviously changed in a long time in the future. The thermal power generating units consume a large amount of non-renewable coal resources while bringing the electric energy for survival.
The coal with abundant reserves can generate various wastes and pollutants in the process of being utilized, and simultaneously releases a large amount of greenhouse gas carbon dioxide, so that the coal has high efficiency, low carbon and emission reduction, and is an important subject for realizing clean utilization of the coal. Coal power generation is the most important application field, the existing power generation process can realize emission reduction and control of dust, sulfide and nitride, and carbon dioxide emission is only one envisaged and discussed process, so that no good method is found yet. Extensive research and development efforts have been directed to various aspects including pre-combustion decarbonization, such as IGCC (Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle, integrated gasification combined cycle power generation system), post-combustion decarbonization, such as flue gas carbon dioxide absorption, and pure oxygen combustion. IGCC and flue gas carbon dioxide absorption decarburization have the characteristics of complex system, high cost and the like, and in the aspect of pure oxygen combustion, some attempts such as replacing air with pure oxygen have been made, so that the test effect in a pulverized coal boiler is not satisfactory.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, the invention aims to provide a high-efficiency combustion cooling system and a flue gas cooler, which realize low pollution emission and can efficiently recycle carbon dioxide by using pure oxygen for combustion.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the high-efficiency combustion cooling system comprises a combustion mechanism, a cyclone dust collector, a cooling mechanism, a steam turbine, a boiler water supply mechanism, a dust removal mechanism and a condensation mechanism, wherein the combustion mechanism comprises a combustion side and a material column side, the upper end part of the combustion side is communicated with the upper end part of the material column side through a first connecting pipe, the bottom end part of the material column side is connected with a material guide pipe, and one end of the material guide pipe is communicated with the combustion side; the upper end part of the inner side of the material column is provided with a short pipe, the short pipe extends out of the material column and is provided with a smoke outlet, the cyclone dust collector is connected with the short pipe, and the cyclone dust collector is connected with the cooling mechanism through a pipeline; the cooling mechanism is provided with a plurality of flue gas coolers, the flue gas coolers connects gradually, the flue gas coolers is used for carrying out cooling treatment to the flue gas that comes out from cyclone, the flue gas coolers is connected with steam turbine, dust removal mechanism passes through the pipeline and is connected with cooling mechanism, dust removal mechanism is provided with the outlet flue, dust removal mechanism's outlet flue passes through the pipeline and is connected with condensing mechanism, boiler feed water mechanism provides boiler feed water for condensing mechanism, in the flue gas that contains steam that goes into of outlet flue of dust removal mechanism enters into condensing mechanism, flue gas exchanges heat with boiler feed water in condensing mechanism.
In one embodiment, the flue gas cooler comprises a container shell, a heat exchange tube is arranged in the container shell, the heat exchange tube is provided with an outlet part and an inlet part, a water or steam outlet is formed in one side of the outlet part, a water or steam inlet is formed in the upper end part of the container shell, the water or steam inlet is communicated with the inlet part, a steam inlet tube and a steam outlet tube are arranged in the inlet part, and the steam outlet tube is communicated with the outlet part; the gas outlet mechanism is provided with a plurality of gas outlet guide pipes, one ends of the gas outlet guide pipes are communicated with the inside of the container shell, and the other ends of the gas outlet guide pipes are communicated with a collecting pipe.
In one embodiment, the cooling mechanism comprises a first flue gas cooler, a second flue gas cooler, a third flue gas cooler and a fourth flue gas cooler, wherein a gas inlet of the first flue gas cooler is connected with the cyclone dust collector through a pipeline, a water or steam inlet of the first flue gas cooler is connected with an intermediate pressure stage outlet of the steam turbine, and a water or steam outlet of the first flue gas cooler is connected with a secondary intermediate pressure stage of the steam turbine; the water or steam inlet of the second flue gas cooler is connected with the high-pressure stage outlet of the steam turbine, and the water or steam outlet of the second flue gas cooler is connected with the medium-pressure stage of the steam turbine; the water or steam outlet of the third flue gas cooler is connected with the high-pressure stage of the steam turbine, and the water or steam inlet of the third flue gas cooler is connected with a gas-liquid separator; the water or steam outlet of the fourth flue gas cooler is connected with the water or steam inlet of the third flue gas cooler, and the water or steam inlet of the fourth flue gas cooler is connected with the gas-liquid separator.
In one embodiment, the cooling mechanism further comprises a fifth flue gas cooler and a sixth flue gas cooler, the boiler water supply mechanism provides boiler water, the preheated boiler water enters the fifth flue gas cooler through a water or steam inlet, the boiler water is heated and evaporated into saturated water vapor by flue gas in the fifth flue gas cooler, a water or steam outlet of the fifth flue gas cooler is connected with the gas-liquid separator through a pipeline, the saturated water vapor enters the gas-liquid separator from a water or steam outlet of the fifth flue gas cooler, and the saturated water vapor is provided to the third flue gas cooler and the fourth flue gas cooler through the gas-liquid separator; the gas outlet mechanism of the sixth flue gas cooler is connected with the dust removing mechanism through a pipeline, and the dust removing mechanism is used for removing dust and cooling the flue gas from the cooling mechanism.
In one embodiment, the dust removing mechanism is a scrubber structure, the scrubber comprises a lifting pipe and a descending pipe, the lifting pipe and the descending pipe are connected together through a pipeline, the smoke outlet is arranged at the top of the descending pipe, the smoke outlet is used for discharging gas, a first heat exchanger is further arranged in the descending pipe, the boiler water feeding mechanism is used for providing a part of boiler water for the first heat exchanger, and saturated steam-containing smoke discharged through the smoke outlet of the scrubber enters the condensing mechanism, and exchanges heat with the boiler water in the condensing mechanism.
In one embodiment, the system further comprises a circulating compressor, wherein an air inlet end of the circulating compressor is connected with the dust removing mechanism through a pipeline, an air outlet end of the circulating compressor is connected with the combustion side through a pipeline, and the circulating compressor is used for providing circulating air to the combustion side.
In one of the embodiments, the combustion mechanism is further provided with a feed side for providing a fuel substance; the feeding side is provided with a material preparation unit, a dry coal feeding unit and a wet coal feeding unit, wherein the material preparation unit is used for crushing and grinding raw coal and dividing the crushed and ground raw coal into coarse-grain coal and fine-grain coal through granularity, the dry coal feeding unit is used for pressurizing the coarse-grain coal and then delivering the coarse-grain coal to the combustion side, and the wet coal feeding unit is used for preparing fine-grain coal and water into coal water slurry and then delivering the coal water slurry to the combustion side; the limestone in the fuel materials provided by the feeding side can be ground into limestone powder firstly and then mixed with water to prepare limestone slurry, and then the limestone slurry is pressurized and sent to the combustion side by a pressurizing pump or an air pressure mode.
In one embodiment, the condensing device further comprises a circulating water pump, one end of the circulating water pump is connected with the condensing mechanism, and the other end of the circulating water pump is connected with the combustion side; the condensing mechanism consists of a plurality of condensers, one end of the circulating water pump is connected with the condensers through pipelines, and condensate discharged from the condensers can provide circulating water to the combustion side after being pressurized by the circulating water pump.
In one embodiment, the condenser comprises a condensing shell, a second heat exchanger is arranged in the condensing shell, the second heat exchanger is vertically arranged in the condensing shell, a water inlet and a water outlet are respectively arranged on the side wall of the condensing shell, an air inlet is arranged at the upper end part of the condensing shell, and an air outlet is arranged at the lower end part of the condensing shell; the flue gas enters the condenser through an air inlet of the condenser, exchanges heat with boiler feed water flowing through the condenser, forms condensate and gas after being cooled by the condenser, wherein a condensate separation space is arranged at the lower end part of the condensation shell, and the air outlet is communicated with the condensate separation space; the condensing mechanism is connected with a hydrogen peroxide solution pump through a pipeline, the hydrogen peroxide solution pump pumps external hydrogen peroxide solution into the condenser, the hydrogen peroxide solution pump is connected with an air inlet of the condenser, and residual sulfur dioxide in flue gas is oxidized into sulfur trioxide by the hydrogen peroxide solution in the condenser and then is dissolved in condensate.
In one embodiment, the material guiding pipe is of an arc-shaped structure.
The flue gas cooler comprises a container shell, wherein a heat exchange tube is arranged in the container shell, the heat exchange tube is provided with an outlet part and an inlet part, one side of the outlet part is provided with a water or steam outlet, the upper end part of the container shell is provided with a water or steam inlet which is communicated with the inlet part, a steam inlet tube and a steam outlet tube are arranged in the inlet part, and the steam outlet tube is communicated with the outlet part; the gas outlet mechanism is provided with a plurality of gas outlet guide pipes, one ends of the gas outlet guide pipes are communicated with the inside of the container shell, and the other ends of the gas outlet guide pipes are communicated with a collecting pipe.
In summary, the high-efficiency combustion cooling system and the flue gas cooler adopt the high-speed circulating fluidized bed technology to perform high-pressure pure oxygen combustion, the heat of the flue gas is used for producing high-quality steam to drive the steam turbine to generate power, the combustion process is controlled, the generation amount of sulfur dioxide and nitride is reduced, high-concentration carbon dioxide is obtained after the sensible heat and the latent heat of the steam are fully recovered, and the carbon dioxide can be sent to CO after being dried and simply treated and further pressurized 2 The conveying pipe is used for oil field oil-increasing recovery, carbon recycling or underground storage.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the high efficiency combustion cooling system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the condenser of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the flue gas cooler of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat exchange tube in the flue gas cooler of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the combination of the gas outlet mechanism and manifold of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structural combination of a stock unit, a dry coal feeding unit and a wet coal feeding unit in the feed side of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a structural assembly of the stub bar side and the stub tube of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the high efficiency combustion cooling system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the high-efficiency combustion cooling system of the present invention comprises a combustion mechanism 100, a cyclone dust collector 200, a cooling mechanism 300, a steam turbine 400, a boiler water feeding mechanism 500, a dust removing mechanism 600, a circulating compressor 700, a condensing mechanism 800 and a circulating water pump 900, wherein the combustion mechanism 100 is of a high-speed circulating fluidized bed combustor structure, the combustion mechanism 100 comprises a combustion side 110 and a material column side 120, the upper end of the combustion side 110 is communicated with the upper end of the material column side 120 through a first connecting pipe 130, so that solid particles continuously circulate between the combustion side 110 and the material column side 120 at a high speed, the first connecting pipe 130 is of an arc structure, the fluid flow resistance is reduced, one end of the first connecting pipe 130 is connected with the upper end of the combustion side 110, the bottom end of the material column side 120 is connected with a guide pipe 121, one end of the guide pipe 121 is communicated with the combustion side 110, the guide pipe 121 is of an arc structure, so that fluid in the material column side 120 is guided into the combustion side 110 and reused, the arc structure is arranged to facilitate the dispersion of large-size structure, particularly, the long-size structure and the structure is designed to form a better working condition on the combustion side and the lower side 120, and the working condition is designed and the working condition is better than the working condition is optimized.
The combustion mechanism 100 is further provided with a feed side 140, the feed side 140 is used for providing fuel substances, in particular, the fuel substances comprise fuel coal or biomass, pure oxygen, limestone, circulating water, circulating gas and the like, the feed side 140 is provided with a plurality of pipelines, each pipeline correspondingly provides different fuel substances, the pipelines are respectively arranged on different heights of the combustion side 110, in particular, pure oxygen can enter through the middle part or the bottom end part of the combustion side 110 to provide upward flowing power for pulverized coal and other solids, the limestone is used for absorbing sulfides generated in the coal combustion process, and SO is easy firstly due to the existence of high-concentration oxygen and under high pressure conditions 3 And SO 3 Is easier to react with limestone so as to realize high desulfurization effect; crossing coal with oxygen from multiple elevation locations into the combustion side 110 will reduce the concentration of nitrides that may be produced; for high sulfur coal, a certain amount of low sulfur fuel can be added to the top of the combustion side 110 as needed to consume the remaining oxygen, and large particle fuel materials can be added to the coal on the feed side 140 in a certain proportion to minimize the oxygen content in the flue gas exiting the combustion mechanism 100.
In one embodiment, fuel coal in the fuel materials provided by the feeding side 140 needs to be prepared in advance, specifically, the feeding side 140 is provided with a material preparation unit 141, a dry coal feeding unit 142 and a wet coal feeding unit 143, the material preparation unit 141 is used for processing raw material coal, including crushing, grinding and the like, and if the water content in the raw material coal is high, the material preparation unit 141 needs to perform drying treatment on raw material coal entering a factory; in addition, in order to minimize the energy consumption of the material preparation unit 141 during the drying process, the material preparation unit 141 classifies the crushed and ground raw coal into two parts of coarse coal and fine coal, when the particle size classification point is 75 microns, the particles larger than 75 microns are coarse particles, the particles smaller than 75 microns are fine coal, and the particle size classification point can be changed within a range, such as 45 to 100 microns; coarse particle coal is not required to be ground continuously, the coarse particle coal is conveyed to the combustion side after being pressurized by the dry type coal adding unit 142, when the fine powder coal is generally used for dry type pressurization, operation is difficult and unreliable, deep drying is required, the wet type coal adding unit 143 is used for preparing fine powder coal and water into coal slurry according to a proportion, the fine powder coal is conveyed to the combustion side after being pressurized by the coal slurry pump, and the difficulty of the pressurization operation of the fine powder coal is avoided, the coal is not required to be deeply dried, and energy is saved through the combination of the dry type coal adding unit 142 and the wet type coal adding unit 143.
Wherein, the coal feeding mode of the dry coal feeding unit 142 adopts a system comprising a coal lock pressurizing and coal feeding control device, and the coal feeding control can adopt a mechanical control method such as a screw feeder or air flow control method, and the like, so that the coal material metered under high pressure is fed into the combustion side 110 through a conveying pipeline; the coal feeding mode of the wet coal feeding unit 143 is to mix fine pulverized coal with a certain proportion of water to prepare coal water slurry, then to pressurize the coal water slurry by a pump and send the pressurized coal water slurry to the reactor, or to feed the coal water slurry to the combustion side 110 by controlling the flow rate in a pneumatic mode. The dry coal feeding needs drying and the pulverized coal is unstable in operation, while the wet coal feeding needs high energy consumption of coal grinding, and the wet coal feeding has the characteristics of high energy consumption and low energy consumption by combining the two advantages.
In one embodiment, the limestone in the fuel materials provided by the feeding side can be ground into limestone powder and then mixed with water to prepare limestone slurry, and then the limestone slurry is pressurized by a pressurizing pump or an air pressure mode and sent to the combustion side 110 to react with other fuel materials in the combustion side 110; wherein the limestone powder particle size is generally less than 100 microns.
The upper end part of the inner side of the material column side 120 is provided with a short pipe 150 with an L-shaped cross section, the lower end part of the short pipe 150 is provided with an opening downwards, the upper end part of the short pipe 150 extends out of the material column side 120 in the horizontal direction, the upper end part of the short pipe 150 is provided with a flue gas outlet 151, and the flue gas outlet 151 is used for flowing out flue gas in the material column side 120; an annular gap 160 is formed between the short tube 150 and the material column side 120, the fluid from the combustion side 110 and the first connecting tube 130 flows downwards in the material column side 120 through the annular gap 160, the downward flowing speed of the fluid is increased due to the reduced flowing area of the fluid, the solid particles in the fluid obtain greater movement inertia than the gas, the solid particles continue to flow downwards, the gas is decelerated in the material column side and flows upwards again to the opening at the lower end part of the short tube 150, and finally flows out of the combustion mechanism 100 from the flue gas outlet 151 through the upper end part of the short tube 150; because of the smaller size of the annular space 160, the chance of re-entrainment of solid particles by the separated gas is reduced, which is advantageous for improving the solid particle separation efficiency, and the upper end of the short tube 150 is provided with a protective layer 170 to prevent the short tube 150 from being worn by the flowing fluid in the stub side 120.
The cyclone dust collector 200 is connected with the short pipe 150, the lower part of the cyclone dust collector 200 is connected with the material column side 120 through a second connecting pipe 220, and the cyclone dust collector 200 is connected with the cooling mechanism 300 through a pipeline; the flue gas separated from part of solids at the top of the material column side 120 leaves the combustion mechanism 100 through the flue gas outlet 151 of the short pipe 150 and enters the cyclone 200, most of the residual solids carried in the flue gas are separated again through the cyclone 200, part of the separated residual solids enter the material column side 120 through the second connecting pipe 220 to ensure the stability of the material level in the material column side 120, meanwhile, the combustion mechanism 100 can assist other fuel substances to perform high-speed circulating combustion, the other part of the separated solids is discharged outside the efficient combustion cooling system through the cyclone 200, and the flue gas treated by the cyclone 200 enters the cooling mechanism 300 through a pipeline.
The cooling mechanism 300 is provided with a plurality of flue gas coolers 10, the flue gas coolers 10 are used for cooling flue gas from the cyclone dust collector 200, the flue gas coolers 10 are of a sheath type structure, the flue gas coolers 10 comprise a container shell 11, and an insulating layer 12 is arranged in the container shell 11 so as to prevent heat in the container shell 11 from flowing to the outside and affecting heat recovery work; the heat exchange tube 30 is arranged in the container shell 11, the cross section of the heat exchange tube 30 is of a T-shaped structure, the heat exchange tube 30 is provided with an outlet portion 31 and an inlet portion 32, a water or steam outlet 33 is formed in one side of the outlet portion 31, a water or steam inlet 13 is formed in the upper end portion of the container shell 11, the water or steam inlet 13 is communicated with the inlet portion 32, a steam inlet tube 34 and a steam outlet tube 35 are arranged in the inlet portion 32, and the steam outlet tube 35 is communicated with the outlet portion 31, so that external water or steam is discharged through the steam inlet tube 34, the steam outlet tube 35 and the water or steam outlet 33 after entering the inlet portion 32.
The lower end part of the container shell 11 is provided with a gas inlet 14, the upper end part of the container shell 11 is provided with a gas outlet mechanism 40 below the outlet part 31, the gas outlet mechanism 40 is provided with a plurality of gas outlet pipes 41, one ends of the gas outlet pipes 41 are communicated with the inside of the container shell 11, the other ends of the gas outlet pipes 41 are communicated with a collecting pipe 50, and the collecting pipe 50 is of an annular structure so as to conduct collection and discharge of the gas in the gas outlet pipes 41; the gas outlet mechanism 40 has a double-layer structure, the upper and lower collecting pipes 50 can be integrated into a whole structure, and by arranging a plurality of gas outlet pipes 41, the speed of the flue gas entering the gas outlet pipes 41 is greatly reduced, and the scouring and abrasion of the flue gas to the single gas outlet pipe 41 are effectively slowed down.
In one embodiment, heat transfer fins 36 are disposed on the outer side of the heat exchange tube 30 to improve the heat exchange efficiency between the water or steam inside the heat exchange tube 30 and the flue gas outside the heat exchange tube 30.
The flue gas coolers 10 are sequentially connected, that is, the collecting pipe 50 of the previous flue gas cooler 10 is connected with the gas inlet 14 of the next flue gas cooler 10 through a pipeline, the water or steam inlet 13 of the flue gas cooler 10 is used for supplying external steam, and the heat of the flue gas in the flue gas cooler 10 exchanges heat with the external steam through the heat exchange pipe 30, so that the flue gas in the flue gas cooler 10 is cooled, and the quality of the external steam is improved.
Specifically, the water or steam inlet 13 and the water or steam outlet 33 of the flue gas cooler 10 are respectively connected with the steam turbine 400, so that the steam coming out of the steam turbine 400 enters the flue gas cooler 10 for heat exchange treatment, and then becomes high-quality steam, and the high-quality steam enters the steam turbine 400 again, so as to further drive the steam turbine 400 to generate electricity.
The cooling mechanism 300 comprises a first flue gas cooler 310, a second flue gas cooler 320, a third flue gas cooler 330, a fourth flue gas cooler 340, a fifth flue gas cooler 350 and a sixth flue gas cooler 360, the gas inlet 14 of the first flue gas cooler 310 is connected with the cyclone dust collector 200 through a pipeline, the water or steam inlet 13 of the first flue gas cooler 310 is connected with the medium pressure stage outlet of the steam turbine 400, the water or steam outlet 33 of the first flue gas cooler 310 is connected with the secondary medium pressure stage of the steam turbine 400, the flue gas sent from the cyclone dust collector 200 exchanges heat with the secondary medium pressure main steam obtained from the medium pressure stage outlet of the steam turbine 400, the secondary medium pressure main steam is heated, the heated secondary medium pressure main steam returns to the secondary medium pressure stage of the steam turbine 400, the flue gas is cooled by the first flue gas cooler 310, and the flue gas heat is used for producing high-quality water steam to push the steam turbine 400 to generate electricity.
Similarly, the water or steam inlet 13 of the second flue gas cooler 320 is connected to the high-pressure stage outlet of the steam turbine 400, the water or steam outlet 33 of the second flue gas cooler 320 is connected to the medium-pressure stage of the steam turbine 400, the flue gas cooled by the first flue gas cooler 310 enters the second flue gas cooler 320, in the second flue gas cooler 320, the flue gas exchanges heat with the medium-pressure main steam obtained from the high-pressure stage outlet of the steam turbine 400, so that the medium-pressure main steam is heated, the heated medium-pressure main steam returns to the medium-pressure stage of the steam turbine 400, meanwhile, the flue gas is cooled by the second flue gas cooler 320, and the flue gas heat is used for producing high-quality water steam to push the steam turbine 400 to generate electricity.
The water or steam outlet 33 of the third flue gas cooler 330 is connected with the high pressure stage of the steam turbine 400, the flue gas cooled by the second flue gas cooler 320 enters the third flue gas cooler 330, in the third flue gas cooler 330, the flue gas exchanges heat with external saturated steam, so that the saturated steam is further heated to obtain final superheated steam, the superheated steam is sent to the high pressure stage of the steam turbine 400, and meanwhile, the flue gas is cooled by the third flue gas cooler 330, and the heat of the flue gas is used for producing high-quality steam to push the steam turbine 400 to generate electricity; wherein the external saturated steam is provided by the gas-liquid separator 1, and the water or steam inlet 13 of the third flue gas cooler 330 is connected with the gas-liquid separator 1.
The water or steam outlet 33 of the fourth flue gas cooler 340 is connected with the water or steam inlet 13 of the third flue gas cooler 330, the flue gas cooled by the third flue gas cooler 330 enters the fourth flue gas cooler 340, in the fourth flue gas cooler 340, the flue gas exchanges heat with external saturated steam, so that the saturated steam is primarily superheated, the primarily superheated saturated steam enters the third flue gas cooler 330 from the fourth flue gas cooler 340, and meanwhile, the flue gas is cooled by the fourth flue gas cooler 340, and the flue gas heat is used for producing high-quality steam to push the steam turbine 400 to generate electricity; wherein the external saturated steam is provided by the gas-liquid separator 1, and the water or steam inlet 13 of the fourth flue gas cooler 340 is connected with the gas-liquid separator 1.
The flue gas cooled by the fourth flue gas cooler 340 enters the fifth flue gas cooler 350, in the fifth flue gas cooler 350, the boiler water supply mechanism 500 provides boiler water, the preheated boiler water enters the fifth flue gas cooler 350 through the water or steam inlet 13, the boiler water is heated and evaporated into saturated steam by the flue gas in the fifth flue gas cooler 350, and meanwhile, the flue gas is cooled by the fifth flue gas cooler 350; the water or steam outlet 33 of the fifth flue gas cooler 350 is connected to the gas-liquid separator 1 through a pipe, saturated water steam enters the gas-liquid separator 1 from the water or steam outlet 33 of the fifth flue gas cooler 350, and the saturated water steam is supplied to the third flue gas cooler 330 and the fourth flue gas cooler 340 through the gas-liquid separator 1.
Similarly, the flue gas cooled by the fifth flue gas cooler 350 enters the sixth flue gas cooler 360, in the sixth flue gas cooler 360, the boiler water supply mechanism 500 provides boiler water, the preheated boiler water enters the fifth flue gas cooler 350 through the water or steam inlet 13, the boiler water is heated and evaporated into saturated water vapor by the flue gas in the fifth flue gas cooler 350, the water or steam outlet 33 of the fifth flue gas cooler 350 is connected with the gas-liquid separator 1 through a pipeline, the saturated water vapor enters the gas-liquid separator 1 from the water or steam outlet 33 of the fifth flue gas cooler 350, and the saturated water vapor is provided to the third flue gas cooler 330 and the fourth flue gas cooler 340 through the gas-liquid separator 1.
The dust removing mechanism 600 is connected with the cooling mechanism 300 through a pipeline, the gas outlet mechanism 40 of the sixth flue gas cooler 360 is connected with the dust removing mechanism 600 through a pipeline, and the dust removing mechanism 600 is used for removing dust and cooling the flue gas from the cooling mechanism 300; the dust removing mechanism 600 is provided with a smoke outlet 610, and the smoke outlet 610 of the dust removing mechanism 600 is connected with the condensing mechanism 800 through a pipeline.
The air inlet end of the circulating compressor 700 is connected with the dust removing mechanism 600 through a pipeline, the air outlet end of the circulating compressor 700 is connected with the combustion side 110 through a pipeline, the circulating compressor 700 is used for providing circulating air to the combustion side 110 so as to adjust the combustion temperature of the combustion side 110, and the consumption of the circulating air is in direct proportion to the coal feeding amount; the pipeline for providing the circulating gas by the circulating compressor 700 can be arranged at different heights of the combustion side 110 so as to meet different requirements of the combustion side 110 on the circulating gas and improve the utilization rate of the circulating gas; specifically, the circulation compressor 700 is provided with circulation gas pipes connected to the lowest point of the guide pipe and the bottom end portion of the combustion side 110, respectively.
In one embodiment, the dust removing mechanism 600 is configured as a scrubber 60, the scrubber 60 includes a riser pipe 61 and a downcomer 62, the riser pipe 61 and the downcomer 62 are connected together by a pipeline, the flue gas in the sixth flue gas cooler 360 enters the riser pipe 61 through the pipeline, the flue gas outlet 610 is disposed at the top of the downcomer 62, the flue gas outlet 610 is used for discharging gas, the downcomer 62 is further provided with a first heat exchanger 70, the boiler water feeding mechanism 500 is used for providing a part of boiler water for the first heat exchanger 70, the flue gas from the sixth flue gas cooler 360 in the riser pipe 61 is contacted with circulating washing water in the scrubber 60 at a high speed, so that the flue gas is subjected to a certain cooling treatment, at this time, dust in the flue gas is washed by water in the scrubber 60, and the flue gas enters the condensing mechanism 800 after being separated from the circulating washing water in the scrubber 60 at the flue gas outlet 610; after the circulating washing water in the scrubber 60 is contacted with the flue gas, the water temperature is increased, after the circulating washing water is separated from the flue gas, the circulating washing water in the scrubber 60 is subjected to heat exchange and cooling treatment by the first heat exchanger 70 arranged in the down pipe 62, and the cooled washing water enters the bottom of the lifting pipe 61 from the down pipe 62 and is continuously contacted with the flue gas from the sixth flue gas cooling mechanism 300; wherein, the temperature of the flue gas discharged from the flue gas outlet 610 of the scrubber 60 can be controlled by adjusting the flow of the boiler feed water; in addition, when the flue gas is subjected to a washing and cooling process in the scrubber 60, a part of water contained in the flue gas is condensed to form condensed water, the condensed water contains dust, dissolved residual sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide and the like, the condensed water is decompressed and discharged out of the scrubber 60 to be dehydrated, and the water after the treatment is sent to a water cooling tower to be used for water supplementing.
The boiler water supply mechanism 500 provides boiler water to the condensation mechanism 800, the flue gas containing saturated water vapor discharged through the flue gas outlet 610 of the scrubber 60 enters the condensation mechanism 800, the flue gas exchanges heat with the boiler water supply in the condensation mechanism 800, the water vapor in the flue gas is condensed along with the heat exchange process, the boiler water supply is heated, and the flow direction of the flue gas in the condensation mechanism 800 is opposite to the flow direction of the boiler water supply, so that the condensation heat of the water vapor can be fully utilized, and the heating effect of the boiler water supply is greatly improved.
The condensation mechanism 800 is composed of a plurality of condensers 80, specifically, the number of the condensers 80 is 3, the condensers 80 comprise a condensation shell 81, a second heat exchanger 90 is arranged in the condensation shell 81, the second heat exchanger 90 is vertically arranged in the condensation shell 81, a water inlet 82 and a water outlet 83 are respectively arranged on the side wall of the condensation shell 81, an air inlet 84 is arranged at the upper end of the condensation shell 81, an air outlet 85 is arranged at the lower end of the condensation shell 81, the condensers 80 are sequentially connected, namely, the water outlet 83 of the previous condenser 80 is connected with the water inlet 82 of the next condenser 80 through a pipeline, and the air outlet 85 of the previous condenser 80 is connected with the air inlet 84 of the next condenser 80 through a pipeline; the lower end of the condensation shell 81 is provided with a condensate separation space 86, the air outlet 85 is communicated with the condensate separation space 86, flue gas enters the condenser 80 through the air inlet 84 of the condenser 80 and exchanges heat with boiler feed water flowing through the condenser 80, the flue gas is cooled by the condenser 80 to form condensate and gas, the condensate separation space 86 is used for promoting separation of condensate and gas, the condensate is discharged from the bottom of the condenser 80, and the gas is discharged from the air outlet 85 on the side surface of the condenser 80 and then enters the next condenser 80, so that a gas-liquid separator is not required to be independently arranged, the process is simplified, and equipment is reduced.
The condensation mechanism 800 is connected with a hydrogen peroxide solution pump 2 through a pipeline, the hydrogen peroxide solution pump 2 pumps external hydrogen peroxide solution into the condenser 80, specifically, the hydrogen peroxide solution pump 2 is connected with an air inlet of the condenser 80, residual sulfur dioxide in the flue gas is oxidized into sulfur trioxide by the hydrogen peroxide solution in the condenser 80 and then is dissolved in the condensate, and the adding amount of the hydrogen peroxide solution is determined by the residual sulfur dioxide in the flue gas or the allowable sulfur dioxide amount at the downstream discharged from the condensation mechanism 800.
The condensation mechanism 800 comprises a first condenser 810, a second condenser 820 and a third condenser 830, wherein an air inlet of the first condenser 810 is connected with the dust removing mechanism 600 through a pipeline, a water outlet of the first condenser 810 is connected with a water or steam inlet 13 of the fifth flue gas cooler 350, a water inlet of the first condenser 810 is connected with a water outlet of the second condenser 820, an air outlet of the first condenser 810 is connected with an air inlet of the second condenser 820 through a pipeline, an air inlet of the second condenser 820 is also connected with a hydrogen peroxide solution pump 2 through a pipeline, the hydrogen peroxide solution pump 2 pumps the external hydrogen peroxide solution into the second condenser 820, and the residual sulfur dioxide in the flue gas is oxidized into sulfur trioxide in the second condenser 820, and is dissolved in condensate, and the condensate is discharged from the bottom of the second condenser 820.
One end of the circulating water pump 900 is connected with the condensation mechanism 800, the other end of the circulating water pump 900 is connected with the combustion side 110, specifically, one end of the circulating water pump 900 is connected with the water outlet 83 of the condenser 80 through a pipeline, and part of condensate discharged from the condenser 80 can provide circulating water to the combustion side 110 after being pressurized by the circulating water pump 900, so as to control the combustion temperature of the combustion side 110; the circulating water pump 900 will increase the moisture content of the flue gas leaving the combustion mechanism 100 after sending the circulating water to the combustion side 110, so that the unit heat content of the flue gas is increased, the more the water is added, the consumption of the circulating gas can be reduced, the partial pressure of the water vapor is increased, the condensing temperature of the water vapor is increased, and the recovery and utilization of the condensing heat are facilitated. The control of the circulating water quantity ensures the maximization of the water condensation heat recovery in the flue gas condenser 80, and simultaneously, the addition of water in the flue gas reduces the partial pressure of carbon dioxide, thereby being beneficial to the reaction of sulfur components and limestone and improving the desulfurization efficiency.
In one embodiment, one end of the circulating water pump 900 is connected to the scrubber 60, and when the flue gas is washed and cooled in the scrubber 60, a part of water in the flue gas is condensed to form condensed water, the condensed water contains dust, contains dissolved residual sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide and the like, and is decompressed and discharged out of the scrubber 60 to be treated as water, and according to the content of components in the water, such as chloride and the like, part of the water discharged from the scrubber 60 can also be provided with circulating water to the combustion side 110 through the circulating water pump 900, and the sulfur components in the circulating water can be absorbed again by the limestone in the combustion side 110.
As shown in fig. 8, in one embodiment, the air inlet end of the circulating compressor 700 may also be connected to the cooling mechanism 300 through a pipe, the air outlet end of the circulating compressor 700 is connected to the combustion side 110 through a pipe, the circulating compressor 700 is used for providing circulating air to the combustion side 110, specifically, the air inlet end of the circulating compressor 700 is connected to the air outlet mechanism 40 of the sixth flue gas cooler 360 through a pipe, the dust removing mechanism 600 is a dry medium temperature dust remover, at this time, the air inlet end of the circulating compressor 700 needs to be connected to the sixth flue gas cooler 360, and the compressor model adapted to dust-containing air needs to be selected for the circulating compressor 700, so that the manner of connecting the circulating compressor 700 to the cooling mechanism 300 is different from that of connecting the air inlet end of the circulating compressor 700 to the dust removing mechanism 600, when the circulating air of the circulating compressor 700 is taken from the dry medium temperature dust remover, the flow rate of the required circulating air through the dry medium temperature dust remover will be greatly increased, so that the dry medium temperature dust remover equipment becomes larger; the guide tube 121 may be oriented diagonally downward to guide the fluid from the column side 120 into the combustion side 110 for reuse.
In one embodiment, the other end of the first connecting tube 130 extends a distance into the column side 120 to direct the fluid to continue downward within the column side 120 to increase the solids separation effect.
In one embodiment, the condensing mechanism 800 is connected to the dryer 3 by a pipe, the dryer 3 is connected to the mercury absorber 4 by a pipe, and the mercury absorber 4 is connected to the CO by a pipe 2 Delivery pipe 93, CO 2 The conveying pipe 5 is used for CO 2 Conveying the oil field oil-increasing recovery, carbon recycling or underground burying.
The flue gas discharged from the condensation mechanism 800 is cooled to a lower temperature and has low water content, and then is sent to the dryer 3 to remove the residual water in the flue gas by using the drying agent; the gas is sent to a mercury absorber 4 to absorb most mercury in the flue gas by mercury absorbent, thus obtaining gas with high carbon dioxide concentration, the residual moisture, oxygen, sulfide, nitride and the like in the gas discharged from the mercury absorber 4 are low, wherein the gas composition discharged from the mercury absorber 4 depends on the concentration of pure oxygen obtained by air separation, the content of nitrogen and argon, and the carbon dioxide gas contains partial non-condensable gases such as nitrogen and argon and the like according to CO 2 The index requirement of the conveying pipe 5 is that the working procedures such as space, desulfurization control, drying and the like are correspondingly designed and operated.
In particular operation of the present invention, biomass may be added to the combustion side 110 in a proportion to coal, and in order to reduce the oxygen concentration at the flue gas outlet 151 of the combustion mechanism 100, low sulfur containing fuel materials, including low sulfur coal, pyrolyzed char, high temperature char, natural gas, etc., may be added to the uppermost portion of the combustion side 110 to consume the final oxygen remaining in the flue gas.
Wherein the operating bar of the combustion side 110The part comprises a pressure of 10 to 70 atm and a combustion temperature of 800 to 1000 ℃, and most of coal charging particles are 0 to 2 mm and the small part can be 0 to 5 mm; the moisture of the coal entering the furnace is basically not limited, as long as the moisture can meet the requirement of a coal feeding system, so that the need for drying the coal is reduced as much as possible; oxygen concentration requirement and final CO for air separation oxygen production 2 The requirements of the conveying pipe are matched, and the conveying pipe is used for conveying CO 2 Within the allowed condensable gas range, reduce the oxygen content as much as possible 2 The purity requirement is favorable for minimizing the power consumption of the air separation.
For a 500MW steam turbine power generation system, the pressurized circulating fluidized bed combustion pure oxygen combustion mechanism 100 is adopted, a modularized flue gas cooler 10 combination is adopted as a base, a subbituminous coal is taken as an example, the coal adding amount is about 200 tons/hour, the oxygen flow is about 340 tons/hour, the circulating air flow is about 1650 tons/hour, the circulating water flow is about 100 tons/hour, the combustion mechanism 100 is operated under the pressure of 70 atmosphere, the flue gas outlet 151 temperature of the combustion mechanism 100 is about 950 ℃, more than 95% of latent heat generated by combustion is recycled, more than 99% of carbon dioxide is recycled, and the obtained CO is 2 The concentration of (2) is 96-99%, depending primarily on the purity of the air-separated oxygen, and the steam turbine 400 may employ subcritical or supercritical steam conditions.
The invention also provides a flue gas cooler which comprises the container shell 11, the heat exchange tube 30 and the gas outlet mechanism 40 of the efficient combustion cooling system.
Other technical features of the above-mentioned flue gas cooler are the same as those of the above-mentioned high-efficiency combustion cooling system, and are not repeated here.
In summary, the high-efficiency combustion cooling system and the flue gas cooler adopt the high-speed circulating fluidized bed technology to perform high-pressure pure oxygen combustion, the heat of the flue gas is used for producing high-quality steam to drive the steam turbine 400 to generate electricity, the combustion process is controlled and the generation amount of sulfur dioxide and nitride is reduced, high-concentration carbon dioxide is obtained after the sensible heat of the flue gas and the latent heat of the steam are fully recovered, and the carbon dioxide can be sent to CO after being dried and simply treated and further pressurized 2 Conveying pipe 5 for oil field oil increasingRecycling, carbon recycling or underground burying.
The above examples merely represent a few embodiments of the present invention, which are described in more detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be assessed as that of the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. An efficient combustion cooling system, characterized by: the device comprises a combustion mechanism, a cyclone dust collector, a cooling mechanism, a steam turbine, a boiler water supply mechanism, a dust removal mechanism and a condensation mechanism, wherein the combustion mechanism comprises a combustion side and a material column side, the upper end part of the combustion side is communicated with the upper end part of the material column side through a first connecting pipe, the bottom end part of the material column side is connected with a material guide pipe, and one end of the material guide pipe is communicated with the combustion side; the upper end part of the inner side of the material column is provided with a short pipe, the short pipe extends out of the material column and is provided with a smoke outlet, the cyclone dust collector is connected with the short pipe, and the cyclone dust collector is connected with the cooling mechanism through a pipeline; the cooling mechanism is provided with a plurality of flue gas coolers which are sequentially connected, the flue gas coolers are used for cooling flue gas from the cyclone dust collector, the flue gas coolers are connected with the steam turbine, the dust removing mechanism is connected with the cooling mechanism through a pipeline, the dust removing mechanism is provided with a flue outlet, the flue outlet of the dust removing mechanism is connected with the condensing mechanism through a pipeline, the boiler water supply mechanism supplies boiler water to the condensing mechanism, the flue gas containing water vapor discharged from the flue outlet of the dust removing mechanism enters the condensing mechanism, and the flue gas exchanges heat with the boiler water supply in the condensing mechanism;
The cooling mechanism comprises a first flue gas cooler, a second flue gas cooler, a third flue gas cooler and a fourth flue gas cooler, wherein a gas inlet of the first flue gas cooler is connected with the cyclone dust collector through a pipeline, a water or steam inlet of the first flue gas cooler is connected with a medium-pressure stage outlet of the steam turbine, and a water or steam outlet of the first flue gas cooler is connected with a secondary medium-pressure stage of the steam turbine; the water or steam inlet of the second flue gas cooler is connected with the high-pressure stage outlet of the steam turbine, and the water or steam outlet of the second flue gas cooler is connected with the medium-pressure stage of the steam turbine; the water or steam outlet of the third flue gas cooler is connected with the high-pressure stage of the steam turbine, and the water or steam inlet of the third flue gas cooler is connected with a gas-liquid separator; the water or steam outlet of the fourth flue gas cooler is connected with the water or steam inlet of the third flue gas cooler, and the water or steam inlet of the fourth flue gas cooler is connected with the gas-liquid separator;
the cooling mechanism further comprises a fifth flue gas cooler and a sixth flue gas cooler, the boiler water supply mechanism provides boiler water, the preheated boiler water enters the fifth flue gas cooler through a water or steam inlet, the boiler water is heated and evaporated into saturated water vapor by flue gas in the fifth flue gas cooler, a water or steam outlet of the fifth flue gas cooler is connected with the gas-liquid separator through a pipeline, the saturated water vapor enters the gas-liquid separator from a water or steam outlet of the fifth flue gas cooler, and the saturated water vapor is provided for the third flue gas cooler and the fourth flue gas cooler through the gas-liquid separator; the gas outlet mechanism of the sixth flue gas cooler is connected with the dust removing mechanism through a pipeline, and the dust removing mechanism is used for removing dust and cooling the flue gas from the cooling mechanism.
2. The efficient combustion cooling system of claim 1 wherein: the flue gas cooler comprises a container shell, wherein a heat exchange tube is arranged in the container shell, the heat exchange tube is provided with an outlet part and an inlet part, one side of the outlet part is provided with a water or steam outlet, the upper end part of the container shell is provided with a water or steam inlet which is communicated with the inlet part, a steam inlet tube and a steam outlet tube are arranged in the inlet part, and the steam outlet tube is communicated with the outlet part; the gas outlet mechanism is provided with a plurality of gas outlet guide pipes, one ends of the gas outlet guide pipes are communicated with the inside of the container shell, and the other ends of the gas outlet guide pipes are communicated with a collecting pipe.
3. The efficient combustion cooling system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the dust removing mechanism is of a scrubber structure, the scrubber comprises a lifting pipe and a descending pipe, the lifting pipe is connected with the descending pipe through a pipeline, a smoke outlet is formed in the top of the descending pipe, the smoke outlet is used for discharging gas, a first heat exchanger is further arranged in the descending pipe, the boiler water feeding mechanism is used for providing part of boiler water for the first heat exchanger, saturated steam-containing smoke discharged from the smoke outlet of the scrubber enters the condensing mechanism, and the smoke exchanges heat with the boiler water in the condensing mechanism.
4. The efficient combustion cooling system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the combustion system comprises a combustion side, a dust removing mechanism, a circulating compressor, a dust removing mechanism, a circulating compressor and a circulating air supply device, wherein the dust removing mechanism is arranged on the combustion side, the circulating compressor is arranged on the combustion side, the dust removing mechanism is arranged on the combustion side, the circulating compressor is arranged on the combustion side, and the dust removing mechanism is arranged on the combustion side.
5. The efficient combustion cooling system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the combustion mechanism is also provided with a feed side for providing a fuel substance; the feeding side is provided with a material preparation unit, a dry coal feeding unit and a wet coal feeding unit, wherein the material preparation unit is used for crushing and grinding raw coal and dividing the crushed and ground raw coal into coarse-grain coal and fine-grain coal through granularity, the dry coal feeding unit is used for pressurizing the coarse-grain coal and then delivering the coarse-grain coal to the combustion side, and the wet coal feeding unit is used for preparing fine-grain coal and water into coal water slurry and then delivering the coal water slurry to the combustion side; the limestone in the fuel materials provided by the feeding side can be ground into limestone powder firstly and then mixed with water to prepare limestone slurry, and then the limestone slurry is pressurized and sent to the combustion side by a pressurizing pump or an air pressure mode.
6. The efficient combustion cooling system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the device also comprises a circulating water pump, wherein one end of the circulating water pump is connected with the condensing mechanism, and the other end of the circulating water pump is connected with the combustion side; the condensing mechanism consists of a plurality of condensers, one end of the circulating water pump is connected with the condensers through pipelines, and condensate discharged from the condensers can provide circulating water to the combustion side after being pressurized by the circulating water pump.
7. The efficient combustion cooling system of claim 6, wherein: the condenser comprises a condensing shell, a second heat exchanger is arranged in the condensing shell, the second heat exchanger is vertically arranged in the condensing shell, a water inlet and a water outlet are respectively arranged on the side wall of the condensing shell, an air inlet is arranged at the upper end part of the condensing shell, and an air outlet is arranged at the lower end part of the condensing shell; the flue gas enters the condenser through an air inlet of the condenser, exchanges heat with boiler feed water flowing through the condenser, forms condensate and gas after being cooled by the condenser, wherein a condensate separation space is arranged at the lower end part of the condensation shell, and the air outlet is communicated with the condensate separation space; the condensing mechanism is connected with a hydrogen peroxide solution pump through a pipeline, the hydrogen peroxide solution pump pumps external hydrogen peroxide solution into the condenser, the hydrogen peroxide solution pump is connected with an air inlet of the condenser, and residual sulfur dioxide in flue gas is oxidized into sulfur trioxide by the hydrogen peroxide solution in the condenser and then is dissolved in condensate.
8. The efficient combustion cooling system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the material guiding pipe is of an arc-shaped structure.
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| CN201910747723.0A CN110375285B (en) | 2019-08-14 | 2019-08-14 | Efficient combustion cooling system and flue gas cooler |
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| CN201910747723.0A CN110375285B (en) | 2019-08-14 | 2019-08-14 | Efficient combustion cooling system and flue gas cooler |
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