CN110374835B - Variable-speed driving system and driving method for water feeding pump of double-machine regenerative unit - Google Patents

Variable-speed driving system and driving method for water feeding pump of double-machine regenerative unit Download PDF

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CN110374835B
CN110374835B CN201910687639.4A CN201910687639A CN110374835B CN 110374835 B CN110374835 B CN 110374835B CN 201910687639 A CN201910687639 A CN 201910687639A CN 110374835 B CN110374835 B CN 110374835B
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steam
turbine
water
port
pump
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CN110374835A (en
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杨建明
凌晨
王昌朔
凌佳喜
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Southeast University
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Southeast University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/02—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type
    • F01D11/04—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type using sealing fluid, e.g. steam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/08—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/12—Combinations with mechanical gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D19/00—Starting of machines or engines; Regulating, controlling, or safety means in connection therewith
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
    • F01D25/12—Cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/30—Exhaust heads, chambers, or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B17/00—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B17/00—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors
    • F04B17/03—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors driven by electric motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a variable-speed driving system and a variable-speed driving method for a water feeding pump of a double-machine regenerative unit. A steam inlet of the water feeding pump steam turbine is provided with a steam inlet valve which can be completely opened; the water feeding pump steam turbine is provided with four stages of regenerative steam extraction, and a regenerative steam extraction port connected with the 3# high-pressure heater is also connected with a cooling water sprayer which can be shut off in parallel; the steam outlet of the water feeding pump steam turbine is connected with a steam outlet header and a water ring vacuum pump in parallel; the shaft seal steam can be used to seal a feedwater pump turbine. The invention adopts a variable-speed driving system of 'generator-turbine-planetary gear transmission mechanism-feed pump', can realize variable-speed operation of the set driving feed pump in full-working-condition operation, reduces throttling loss, improves the stability of a regenerative system, and reduces the complexity and investment cost of the system.

Description

Variable-speed driving system and driving method for water feeding pump of double-machine regenerative unit
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of thermal power generation, in particular to a variable-speed driving system and a variable-speed driving method for a water feeding pump of a double-machine regenerative unit.
Background
Energy is an important material basis related to human survival and development, along with the rapid development of world economy, the energy demand is gradually increased, and the energy problem becomes an important strategic problem influencing national economy and safety. The energy structure of China mainly uses coal for a long time, the pollution emission is huge, the atmospheric pollution and the greenhouse effect are aggravated, the climate disasters are frequent, and the energy and environmental problems are increasingly prominent. In the face of increasingly severe resource shortage and environmental deterioration pressure, steam parameters are further improved, single machine capacity is increased, a secondary intermediate reheating unit is developed, the efficient and clean production level of electric power is improved, and the method becomes an important development direction of the current thermal power unit.
The large-scale thermal power generating unit improves the thermal economy of the unit, reduces the unit cost and realizes good economic benefit and environmental benefit by improving steam parameters and increasing capacity. At present, the steam parameters of the ultra-supercritical unit are improved from 600 ℃/600 ℃ to 600 ℃/620 ℃, and the energy utilization level is continuously improved. Due to the limitation of high-temperature materials, particularly high-temperature nickel-based alloy materials and welding processes, further improvement of parameters is difficult to achieve large-scale application in a short time, and the double reheating power generation technology becomes an effective way for improving the efficiency of a unit and reducing the coal consumption and pollution emission of power generation at the present stage. Research shows that compared with a single reheating unit with the same parameters, the double reheating supercritical unit has the advantages that the heat efficiency can be improved by 1.5-2%, and the energy-saving potential is huge. At present, 6 double reheating units are put into operation in China, including 2 units in Thai, 2 units in Anyuan, and 2 units in Laiwu, the unit parameters and the operation efficiency are in the world advanced level, and the fact that the supercritical technology of China is led to enter the double reheating era is marked.
The secondary reheating unit is a reheating heat absorption process with a high-temperature parameter added on the basis of a primary reheating cycle, so that the average heat absorption temperature of the thermodynamic cycle is further improved, and the cycle heat efficiency of the unit is effectively improved. But simultaneously, the superheat degree of the steam after two-stage reheating is further improved to be over 320 ℃, so that the problem of serious extraction superheat is caused. The overheating degree of the regenerative extracted steam is too high, so that the superheated steam in the regenerative heater has a large heat transfer temperature difference with the water supply, the high-quality heat energy is used for heating the low-temperature water supply, the irreversible loss of the regenerative system is increased, and the water supply regenerative effect of the thermodynamic system is weakened. In addition, because the heat transfer coefficient of the superheated steam at the steam side is lower, the heat transfer area required by the regenerative heater is increased for realizing the enthalpy rise and the heat transfer quantity of the water supply. The high temperature of the regenerative steam extraction also can improve the temperature resistance level of materials such as steam extraction pipelines, valves, regenerative heaters and the like, and increase the manufacturing cost of equipment.
At present, a large-scale thermal power generating unit in China generally adopts a sliding pressure operation mode, the steam extraction superheat degree is gradually increased along with the reduction of the load of the unit, and the data information of a certain 1000MW secondary reheating unit shows that the maximum steam extraction superheat degree can reach 375 ℃ at 30% load. It can be seen that the extraction superheat problem is more severe at low operating conditions.
Aiming at the problem of high superheat degree of regenerative steam extraction of a thermal power generating unit, the traditional solution is to add an external steam cooler, namely, the first-stage steam extraction after reheating with high superheat degree is used for heating high-superheat outlet feed water, the feed water temperature is increased, and the steam extraction after temperature reduction enters the regenerative heater. The scheme can only utilize the superheat degree of single-stage regenerative extraction steam, has limited utilization effect on the superheat degree of extraction steam, has lower heat transfer coefficient on the steam side, increases metal consumables, and has great promotion space in the aspects of energy conservation, consumption reduction and investment cost reduction.
In addition, the existing water supply pump steam turbine generally adopts variable speed operation, and when the unit is subjected to variable load, the rotating speed change amplitude of the steam turbine is large, and the operation stability is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of the prior art and provides a variable-speed driving system and a variable-speed driving method for a water feeding pump of a double-machine regenerative unit.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a variable-speed driving system of a feed pump of a double-machine regenerative unit comprises a generator, a feed pump steam turbine, a planetary gear transmission mechanism, a feed pump, shaft seal steam, a cooling water sprayer and a water ring vacuum pump; the generator, the water feeding pump steam turbine, the planetary gear transmission mechanism and the water feeding pump are sequentially and coaxially arranged.
One end of the generator is connected with the plant power system through the soft starting device, the other end of the generator is connected with the rotor input end of the water feeding pump turbine, the rotor output end of the water feeding pump turbine is connected with the planetary gear transmission mechanism, and the planetary gear transmission mechanism is used for adjusting the rotating speed of the water feeding pump.
A steam inlet of the water feeding pump steam turbine is provided with a steam inlet valve which can be completely opened; the water feeding pump turbine is provided with four stages of regenerative steam extraction and is respectively connected with a 2# high-pressure heater, a 3# high-pressure heater, a 4# high-pressure heater and a 5# high-pressure heater; wherein, the backheating steam extraction port connected with the No. 3 high-pressure heater is also connected with a cooling water sprayer which can be shut off in parallel; the steam outlet of the water feeding pump steam turbine is connected with a steam discharging header and a water ring vacuum pump in parallel.
The shaft seal steam can be used to seal a feedwater pump turbine.
The planetary gear transmission mechanism comprises a hydraulic torque converter, a planetary gear and a gear transmission; the planetary gear comprises a sun gear, a gear ring coaxially sleeved on the periphery of the sun gear, a plurality of planetary gears positioned between the sun gear and the gear ring and a planet carrier connected with all the planetary gears; the hydraulic torque converter drives the sun wheel to rotate; the planet carrier is connected with the rotor output end of the water feeding pump steam turbine through a gear transmission, and the gear ring is connected with the water feeding pump through another gear transmission.
The feed pump turbine was maintained at 3000rpm during operation.
A first three-way valve is arranged at a regenerative steam extraction port connected with the 3# high-pressure heater, and three ports of the first three-way valve are respectively a port 1, a port 2 and a port 3; the backheating steam extraction port connected with the # 3 high-pressure heater is connected with the port 3, the port 1 is connected with the # 3 high-pressure heater, and the port 2 is connected with the cooling water sprayer.
The water used by the cooling water sprayer comes from the condensed water after the chemical refining treatment of the condensed water system.
A steam outlet of the water feeding pump steam turbine is provided with a second three-way valve, and three ports of the second three-way valve are respectively a port 1, a port 2 and a port 3; wherein, port 3 is connected with the steam extraction mouth of feed pump steam turbine, and port 1 is connected with the steam extraction header, and port 2 is connected with the water ring vacuum pump.
The steam outlet of the steam discharge header, the drain port of the No. 5 high-pressure heater and the drain port of the No. 6 low-pressure heater are respectively connected with the water inlet of the deaerator, and the water outlet of the deaerator is connected with the water inlet of the water feeding pump; the exhaust steam header is also connected with the condenser through an overflow valve.
A variable-speed driving method for a feed pump of a double-machine regenerative unit comprises a starting working condition and a conventional load operation working condition.
The variable-speed driving method of the water feed pump under the starting working condition of the double-machine regenerative unit comprises the following steps of:
step 11, controlling the steam inlet valve: the inlet valve of the water feeding pump turbine is maintained in a fully closed state.
Step 12, cooling a water pump turbine: the working medium flow direction of a first three-way valve at a regenerative steam extraction port connected with the 3# high-pressure heater is from a port 2 to a port 3, and the port 1 is closed; at this point, the cooling water spray is activated and provides cooling medium to the feedwater pump turbine.
Step 13, vacuumizing a water supply pump turbine: the flow direction of a working medium of a three-way valve II at the steam exhaust port of the steam turbine of the water feeding pump is from a port 3 to a port 2, and the port 1 is closed; at this time, the shaft seal steam seals the water supply pump turbine, and the water ring vacuum pump is started to make the cylinder of the water supply pump turbine in a vacuum state.
Step 14, electric switching of the generator: the soft start device is started, the generator is switched to the electric mode, electric power is transmitted to the water feeding pump, the water feeding pump is enabled to operate at a constant speed of 2650 revolutions per minute, and the shaft seal steam is used for continuously maintaining the vacuum state in the cylinder of the water feeding pump turbine and warming up the cylinder of the water feeding pump turbine.
The variable-speed driving method of the water feeding pump of the double-machine regenerative unit under the normal load operation condition comprises the following steps:
step 21, controlling the steam inlet valve: the steam inlet valve of the water supply pump turbine is maintained in a fully open state, and the water supply pump turbine is stably operated at a rotating speed of 3000 rpm.
Step 22, regenerative steam extraction: the steam flow direction of a first three-way valve at a regenerative steam extraction port, where a water feeding pump steam turbine is connected with a 3# high-pressure heater, is from a port 3 to a port 1, and a port 2 is closed; at this time, the feed pump turbine supplies steam to the # 3 high-pressure heater, and the cooling water shower is stopped.
Step 23, exhausting steam from a steam turbine of the water supply pump: the steam flow direction of a three-way valve II at the steam exhaust port of the steam turbine of the water feeding pump is from a port 3 to a port 1, and a port 2 is closed; at the moment, the water ring vacuum pump is in a shutdown state, and the exhaust steam of the water feeding pump steam turbine enters the exhaust steam header.
Step 24, generating power by a generator: the generator delivers electrical power to the service system in a generating mode.
Step 25, regulating the speed of the water supply pump: the planetary gear transmission mechanism adjusts the rotation speed of the water feeding pump.
When the double-machine regenerative unit is in a starting working condition, the variable-speed driving method of the water feeding pump further comprises the following steps:
step 15, admission of steam from a steam turbine of a water supply pump: and when the steam turbine of the water feed pump meets the steam inlet condition, the cooling water spraying system and the water ring vacuum pump are stopped, the steam inlet valve is slightly opened, the flow direction of the working medium of the three-way valve II is from the port 3 to the port 1, and the steam discharged by the steam turbine of the water feed pump enters the steam discharge header.
Step 16, stably operating a water supply pump turbine: after the rotating speed of the water feeding pump steam turbine is increased and stabilized at 3000 revolutions per minute, the soft starting device is stopped, the generator is synchronously connected to the power grid, and the water feeding pump steam turbine is maintained at 3000 rotating speeds to stably operate.
Step 17, switching the operation conditions: and the opening degree of the steam inlet valve is continuously increased to be fully opened, and the normal load operation working condition is switched.
In step 25, the method for regulating the speed of the water supply pump comprises the following steps: a rotor of a water supply pump steam turbine is decelerated by a gear transmission to drive a planet carrier and a planet wheel.
The hydraulic torque converter drives the sun wheel to rotate through hydraulic transmission, and the rotating speed of the sun wheel is adjusted by adjusting the opening of the guide vanes; the rotating speed vectors of the planet carrier and the sun gear are superposed to obtain the rotating speed of the gear ring, and the rotating speed of the gear ring is output after being accelerated by the gear speed changer so as to adjust the rotating speed of the water feeding pump.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the water feeding turbine in the water feeding pump variable speed driving system of the double-machine regenerative unit disclosed by the invention runs at a constant speed, keeps 3000rpm stable after the flushing, and completes the regulation of the rotating speed of the water feeding pump through the planetary gear transmission mechanism, thereby improving the running stability of the water feeding pump turbine. Meanwhile, in the running process of the unit under the full-load working condition, the steam inlet valve of the water supply pump turbine is in a fully open state, so that the throttling loss of the valve is reduced, the running efficiency of the turbine is improved, and the stability of a regenerative steam extraction system of the water supply pump turbine is ensured.
2. The existing water supply system needs to arrange an electric water supply pump for supplying water to a boiler when a unit is started, and is complex in structure and complex in operation. When the unit is started, the soft starting device is used for realizing that the generator runs in an electric mode and drags the whole shafting to run, an electric feed pump does not need to be additionally arranged, the starting procedure of the unit is completed, the normal running of a water supply system is ensured, and the equipment cost is reduced.
3. According to the invention, the cooling water spraying system is arranged at the steam extraction opening of the water supply pump turbine, and the water ring vacuum pump is arranged at the steam exhaust opening of the water supply pump turbine, so that the safety of the water supply pump turbine in the idling process is ensured.
4. The optimized object of the invention is a high-parameter double-machine regenerative unit, and the scheme has a higher application prospect in the field of thermal power generation in the future.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a variable-speed driving system of a feed pump of a dual-machine regenerative unit according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic view of the planetary gear mechanism according to the invention.
FIG. 3 shows a bar graph of inlet pressure throttling ratio versus relative efficiency for a feedwater pump turbine.
FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of the change in the streamlines of moving blades in a feedwater pump turbine as the volumetric flow decreases.
Among them are:
100. a planetary gear transmission mechanism;
110. a ring gear; 120. a sun gear; 130. a planet carrier; 131. a planet wheel; 140. a gear transmission; 150. a gear transmission;
200. a feed pump turbine;
300. a generator;
400. a water ring vacuum pump;
500. a feed pump;
600. a steam exhaust header;
610.2# high pressure heater; 620.3# high pressure heater; 630.4# high pressure heater; 640.5# high pressure heater; 650. a deaerator;
700. a cooling water sprayer;
800. a soft start device;
900. a steam inlet valve; 910. a first three-way valve; 920. an overflow valve; 930. and a second three-way valve.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific preferred embodiments.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "left side", "right side", "upper part", "lower part", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and that "first", "second", etc., do not represent an important degree of the component parts, and thus are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. The specific dimensions used in the present example are only for illustrating the technical solution and do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a variable speed driving system for a feed pump of a dual-machine regenerative thermal power plant includes a generator 300, a feed pump turbine 200, a planetary gear transmission 100, a feed pump 500, shaft seal steam, a cooling water sprayer 700, and a water ring vacuum pump 400. The generator, the water feeding pump steam turbine, the planetary gear transmission mechanism and the water feeding pump are sequentially and coaxially arranged. The generator is coaxially and rigidly connected with the water feeding pump turbine, and the water feeding pump turbine and the water feeding pump are respectively meshed with the planetary gear transmission mechanism through the variable speed gear. The generator is arranged at the front shaft end of the water feeding pump turbine, the water feeding pump and the planetary gear transmission mechanism are arranged at the rear shaft end of the water feeding pump turbine, the shaft system is integrally short, and the occupied area is small. In addition, the generator and the steam turbine rotate at the same speed, the rotating speed of the water feeding pump can be adjusted only by one speed adjusting system at the rear end of a rotor of the steam turbine, and the complexity of controlling the rotating speed of the shafting is greatly reduced.
One end of the generator is connected with the service power system through the soft starting device 800, the other end of the generator is connected with the rotor input end of the water feeding pump turbine, the rotor output end of the water feeding pump turbine is connected with the planetary gear transmission mechanism, and the planetary gear transmission mechanism is used for adjusting the rotating speed of the water feeding pump.
3000rpm are maintained to the feed pump steam turbine in the operation process, compare in current variable speed steam turbine, and the steam turbine operation security, economic nature and the reliability of this scheme improve by a wide margin.
The steam inlet of the water feeding pump turbine is from the reheat steam cooling section, the steam inlet of the turbine is provided with a steam inlet valve 900 capable of being completely opened and used for controlling the rotating speed of the water feeding pump turbine in the starting process, and the steam inlet of the water feeding pump turbine is provided with the steam inlet valve 900.
The water supply pump turbine is provided with four stages of regenerative steam extraction and is respectively connected with a 2# high-pressure heater 610, a 3# high-pressure heater 620, a 4# high-pressure heater 630 and a 5# high-pressure heater 640.
The regenerative steam extraction port connected with the # 3 high-pressure heater is preferably provided with a first three-way valve 910, and three ports of the first three-way valve are respectively a port 1, a port 2 and a port 3; the backheating steam extraction port connected with the # 3 high-pressure heater is connected with the port 3, the port 1 is connected with the # 3 high-pressure heater, and the port 2 is connected with the cooling water sprayer.
The water used by the cooling water sprayer is preferably condensed water after chemical refining treatment of a condensed water system.
The steam outlet of the water supply pump steam turbine is preferably provided with a second three-way valve 930, and three ports of the second three-way valve are respectively a port 1, a port 2 and a port 3; wherein, port 3 is connected with the steam extraction mouth of feed water pump steam turbine, and port 1 is connected with steam extraction header 600, and port 2 is connected with the water ring vacuum pump.
The steam outlet of the steam discharge header, the drain outlet of the No. 5 high-pressure heater and the drain outlet of the No. 6 low-pressure heater are respectively connected with the water inlet of a deaerator 650, and the water outlet of the deaerator is connected with the water inlet of a water feeding pump; the exhaust steam header is also connected with the condenser through an overflow valve 920.
The shaft seal steam can be used to seal a feedwater pump turbine.
As shown in fig. 2, the planetary gear transmission mechanism 100 includes a torque converter, a planetary gear, a gear transmission 140, and a gear transmission 150.
The planetary gear comprises a sun gear 120, a gear ring 110 coaxially sleeved on the periphery of the sun gear, a plurality of planet gears 131 positioned between the sun gear and the gear ring, and a planet carrier 130 connected with all the planet gears. The hydraulic torque converter drives the sun wheel to rotate; the planet carrier is connected to the rotor output of the feed pump turbine via a gear transmission 150, and the ring gear is connected to the feed pump via a further gear transmission 140.
A variable-speed driving method for a feed pump of a double-machine regenerative unit comprises a starting working condition and a conventional load operation working condition.
The variable-speed driving method of the water feed pump under the starting working condition of the double-machine regenerative unit comprises the following steps:
step 11, controlling the steam inlet valve: the inlet valve of the water feeding pump turbine is maintained in a fully closed state.
Step 12, cooling a water pump turbine: the working medium flow direction of a first three-way valve at a regenerative steam extraction port connected with the 3# high-pressure heater is from a port 2 to a port 3, and the port 1 is closed; the first three-way valve 910 is used for isolating the steam extraction system, so that the cooling water spraying system can normally operate.
At the moment, the cooling water sprayer is started, and a cooling working medium is provided for the water feeding pump turbine, for example, when the water spraying absorption unit in the water feeding pump turbine is started, the heat generated by the turbine due to air blowing reduces the safety problem and the thermal stress problem caused by overhigh temperature generated by the blades in the water feeding pump turbine due to idling, so that the temperature of the turbine blades is maintained at a normal level, and the flow of the cooling water sprayer is adjusted according to the temperature of the steam outlet of the water feeding pump turbine.
Step 13, vacuumizing a water supply pump turbine: the flow direction of a working medium of a three-way valve II at the steam exhaust port of the steam turbine of the water feeding pump is from a port 3 to a port 2, and the port 1 is closed; at the moment, the shaft seal steam seals the water pump steam turbine, and the water ring vacuum pump is started to enable the steam cylinder to be in a vacuum state. The second three-way valve 930 is used for isolating the steam extraction system, and the water ring vacuum pump 400 extracts residual steam in the water feed pump turbine, so that the safety of the water feed pump turbine 200 during idling is ensured.
Step 14, electric switching of the generator: the soft starting device is started, the generator is switched to an electric mode, electric power is transmitted to the water feeding pump, the water feeding pump is enabled to operate at a constant speed of 2650 revolutions per minute, and the shaft seal steam is used for continuously maintaining the vacuum state in the steam cylinder on one hand and warming up the steam cylinder on the other hand. That is, when the steam turbine of the feed pump does not reach the steam inlet condition, the power is supplied to the generator through the plant power system, the generator drags the speed of the shafting to increase, and the feed pump is ensured to normally supply water to the boiler.
Step 15, admission of steam from a steam turbine of a water supply pump: and when the water supply pump turbine meets the steam inlet condition, the cooling water spraying system and the water ring vacuum pump are stopped, the steam inlet valve is slightly opened, the opening degree of the steam inlet valve is preferably about 5% -6%, the flow direction of the working medium of the three-way valve II is from the port 3 to the port 1, the discharged steam of the water supply pump turbine enters a steam discharge header, and the deaerator is introduced into the steam discharge header.
Step 16, stably operating a water supply pump turbine: after the rotating speed of the water feeding pump turbine is increased and stabilized at 3000rpm, the soft starting device is stopped, the generator is synchronously connected to the power grid, the water feeding pump turbine is maintained at 3000 rotating speed and stably operates, and surplus power of the water feeding pump turbine 200 is transmitted to the station service system by the generator 300.
According to the invention, after the water supply pump turbine is subjected to impulse, grid connection and the constant speed operation of 3000rpm is maintained, the water supply pump turbine always operates close to the design working condition, the operation efficiency is high, the corresponding auxiliary machine efficiency is higher, the loss of the operation of the water supply pump turbine is obviously smaller than that of the variable speed operation, and the operation benefit is also better than that of the variable speed operation.
The constant-speed operation, shafting security, reliability are high: in the driving scheme provided by the invention, a water feeding pump steam turbine is coaxial with a generator, the speed is fixed after grid connection, and the rotation speed adjustment of the water feeding pump is completed only through a planetary gear transmission mechanism; when the system operates normally, the system structure is simple and clear, and no complex adjusting process exists.
Step 17, switching the operation conditions: and the opening degree of the steam inlet valve is continuously increased to be fully opened, and the normal load operation working condition is switched.
The variable-speed driving method of the water feeding pump of the double-machine regenerative unit under the normal load operation condition comprises the following steps:
step 21, controlling the steam inlet valve: the steam inlet valve of the water supply pump turbine is maintained in a fully open state, and the water supply pump turbine is stably operated at a rotating speed of 3000 rpm.
When the water supply pump steam turbine operates normally, the steam inlet valve is kept fully open, no throttling effect is generated, and loss is reduced. Throttling means that the pressure loss, i.e. the effect on the internal efficiency of the feedwater pump turbine by means of throttling, is significant. For example, fig. 3 shows the change of the relative internal efficiency of the feed pump turbine under different throttling degrees, when the feed pump turbine throttle keeps 6% of steam pressure for throttling operation, the relative internal efficiency of the feed pump turbine is reduced from 91.06% to 89.46% compared with pure sliding pressure operation, the reduction range of the relative internal efficiency of the feed pump turbine is approximately proportional with the increase of the throttling proportion, and the relative internal efficiency of the feed pump turbine is reduced by about 0.45% for every 1% increase of the steam pressure throttling range.
Step 22, regenerative steam extraction: the steam flow direction of a first three-way valve at a regenerative steam extraction port, where a water feeding pump steam turbine is connected with a 3# high-pressure heater, is from a port 3 to a port 1, and a port 2 is closed; the first three-way valve 910 is used for isolating the cooling water spray system, at the moment, the water supply pump turbine provides steam for the # 3 high-pressure heater, and the cooling water spray device is in a shutdown state.
Step 23, exhausting steam from a steam turbine of the water supply pump: the steam flow direction of a three-way valve II at the steam exhaust port of the steam turbine of the water feeding pump is from a port 3 to a port 1, and a port 2 is closed; the second three-way valve 930 is used for isolating the vacuum-pumping system, at the moment, the water ring vacuum pump is in a shutdown state, and the exhaust steam of the water pump turbine enters the exhaust steam header and further overflows to the condenser through the overflow valve.
Step 24, generating power by a generator: the generator delivers electrical power to the service system in a generating mode.
Step 25, regulating the speed of the water supply pump: the planetary gear transmission mechanism adjusts the rotation speed of the water feeding pump.
The method for regulating the speed of the water feed pump comprises the following steps: a rotor of a water supply pump steam turbine is decelerated by a gear transmission to drive a planet carrier and a planet wheel.
The hydraulic torque converter drives the sun gear to rotate through hydraulic transmission, the rotating speed vectors of the planet carrier and the sun gear are superposed to obtain the rotating speed of the gear ring, and the rotating speed of the gear ring is output after being accelerated by the gear transmission so as to adjust the rotating speed of the water feeding pump. The rotation speed of the sun gear is adjusted by adjusting the opening of the guide vanes, so that the rotation speed of the feed pump 500 reaches the target rotation speed. That is, the torque converter of the planetary gear mechanism 400 is adjusted to perform the variable speed operation of the feed pump 500 according to the unit load.
According to the working principle and the gear transmission characteristic of the planetary gear transmission mechanism, the mathematical model is deduced by applying the law of conservation of energy:
(1) the rotating speed characteristic equation:
the transmission relationship of the rotating speed among the planetary gear components is as follows:
Figure BDA0002146872870000081
in the formula:
nb-ring gear speed, rpm;
nH-planet carrier rotational speed, rpm;
na-sun gear speed, rpm;
p-ring gear and sun gearA gear ratio of (i.e.)
Figure BDA0002146872870000082
Referred to as the planetary gear characteristic (or internal gear ratio).
Based on the above rotational speed relationship, a rotational speed characteristic equation of the planetary gear can be determined:
Figure BDA0002146872870000083
in the formula:
nooutput shaft (output shaft of the gear transmission 140) speed, rpm;
nT-the feed pump turbine speed, rpm;
p1-input shaft gear variator drive ratio;
p2output shaft gear variator drive ratio.
In consideration of the requirement of the rotating speed adjusting range of the water feeding pump, the planetary gear transmission mechanism is configured as follows:
TABLE 1 planetary gear configuration parameters
Figure BDA0002146872870000091
(2) The moment characteristic equation:
the torque of each component of the planetary gear satisfies the following relation:
Figure BDA0002146872870000092
in the formula:
Tasun gear moment, N · m;
Tb-ring gear torque, N · m;
THthe planet carrier moment, N · m.
(3) Power balance equation:
Tana+THnH+Tbnb＝0 (0-4)
in the above formula, the torque and the rotation speed should be substituted into the positive and negative signs. The torque being in the same direction as the speed, the power being positive, e.g. Na＝Tana>0，NH＝THnH>0, referred to as input power, with the corresponding sun and planet carriers as input members; the torque being opposite to the speed, the power being negative, e.g. Nb＝Tbnb<0, referred to as output power, the corresponding ring gear is the output member. Under the steady state working condition, the power of the water feeding pump shaft is the output power of the planetary gear transmission mechanism, and the torque T of the sun gear and the torque T of the planet carrier can be respectively calculated according to the characteristic equationsaAnd THPower split NaAnd NH。
The torque converter torque is related to the relative opening of the guide vane and the turbine speed, and can be described by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002146872870000093
in the formula:
Tc-torque converter output torque, N · m;
x is the relative opening degree of the guide vane;
a (x), B (x), C (x) are functions related to the relative opening degree of the guide vanes;
ωTturbine rotational angular velocity, rad/s.
The dynamic variation of torque converter output speed can be described by the following kinetic equation:
Figure BDA0002146872870000101
wherein J is the moment of inertia of the output shaft; omegaaIs the angular velocity of rotation of the output shaft.
According to
Figure BDA0002146872870000102
As can be seen from table 1, in the same configuration: compared with a scheme of gear ring input-sun gear output, the speed regulation range of the planet carrier input-gear ring output is larger, and the specific data is as follows:
planet carrier input-ring gear output Ring gear input-sun gear output
Range of rotation speed variation 2520-5700 3570-7357
Range of speed regulation 44％-100％ 48.5％-100％
With the continuous development of economy, domestic power utilization structures are in continuous change, and the valley-peak difference of power utilization loads is larger and larger. With the increasing installed capacity of new energy power generation, the intermittent power generation characteristics thereof cause more serious impact on the stability of the grid frequency, and the imbalance of the supply and demand of the generated power load still needs to be compensated by a coal-fired unit. Therefore, domestic traditional coal-fired power generating units face deep peak shaving pressure.
When the mass flow G through the stage decreases or the back pressure increases, the volume flow Gv of the stage decreases. With the reduction of the volume flow, the streamline begins to twist, and the steam flow extrudes to the root at the guide vane, then deflects to the outer fringe at the movable vane. This trend is exacerbated as the flow rate is further reduced. When the volume flow decreases to a certain value, the rotor blade root experiences a stall. When the volumetric flow rate is further reduced after the occurrence of a stall at the root of the rotor blade, vortices are generated at the outer edge portion of the interlobe gap (the axial gap between the nozzle outlet edge and the rotor blade inlet edge), and these vortices move in the circumferential direction at a great velocity which is close to the circumferential velocity of the tip of the rotor blade in the case of a small flow rate. At this time, diagonal flow occurs in the cascade.
The reduction in volume flow also causes a redistribution of flow in the direction of the blade height, with an increase in the flow in the middle and outer edge regions and a decrease in the flow in the root region. Relevant experiments prove that under the working condition of small volume flow, the root part of the movable blade works with negative reaction, and the main flow of the steam flow only fills the outer edge part of the movable blade channel. In the case of the flow in the last stage of the steam turbine, the main flow flows along the outer edge of the blade toward the outlet, and the cold wet steam in the blade root condenser side space flows from the exhaust pipe to the through-flow portion.
In addition, the reduction in the volume flow also causes a redistribution of the enthalpy drop between the guide vanes and the blades, i.e. a change in the degree of reaction. However, the enthalpy drop redistribution between the guide vanes and the blades and the flow redistribution are caused by the fundamental change of the flow structure of the fluid.
As shown in FIG. 4, in this condition of small volumetric flow, the blade root has a backflow, the incoming flow is sharply biased to the outer edge of the blade, and at this time, the incoming flow cannot fill the cross section behind the blade, but the outer edge portion of the blade and the portion of the blade before the steam inlet edge are still filled with the incoming flow and smoothly flow under the constraint of the meridian profile.
From the above, when the coal-fired unit participates in the deep peak shaving of the power grid, the unit is in an ultra-low load operation state. The operating efficiency of the steam turbine is reduced compared with that of the full-load operation, and the reduction of the low-pressure cylinder efficiency is particularly obvious. All levels of the low-pressure cylinder operate under the working condition of small volume flow, the wheel periphery efficiency of all levels is reduced, and meanwhile, the dryness of the exhausted steam of the low-pressure cylinder is increased and the temperature of the exhausted steam is increased. In the process, the last few grades of low pressure cylinder form "karman swirl" because the phenomenon of desludging appears in little volume flow to the turbine blade that is in high-speed rotation state, is undulant disturbance source, directly arouses the flutter of last few grades of blade. In addition, due to the factors of the blade configuration of the low-pressure cylinder, when a small-volume flow working condition occurs, the temperature difference of the airflow along the radial direction of the blade is large and can reach 40-50 ℃, so that the blade can generate thermal stress along the direction of the temperature difference along the radial direction, and the problem of small-volume flow of the low-pressure cylinder during the ultra-low load operation of the coal burner unit is paid high attention to the safe operation of the unit.
That is, the efficiency of the periphery of the stage operating under the working condition of small volume flow rate is deteriorated, and simultaneously, the dryness of the exhaust steam is increased, or the temperature of the exhaust steam is increased.
At a small volume flow, in one stage, the difference between the steam temperatures along the radial direction is 40-50 ℃. In addition, Karman vortex is generated at the top of the blade and is an unstable disturbance source, so that the blade flutters; or the steam flow has a large negative attack angle, so that the blade causes stall flutter, and the dynamic stress in the blade is increased sharply. Both temperature stress and chatter can affect unit safety.
Therefore, the water ring vacuum pump is arranged, so that the steam turbine is in a vacuum state when the unit is started, the problem of thermal stress generated by over-high temperature of blades generated by residual steam in the steam turbine under a small-volume working condition is solved, and the operation safety of the steam turbine in idle running when the steam turbine is driven by a generator is ensured.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the details of the embodiments, and various equivalent modifications can be made within the technical spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is also within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A variable-speed driving method for a feed pump of a double-machine regenerative unit is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of (1) starting working conditions and normal load operation working conditions;
the variable-speed driving method of the water feed pump under the starting working condition of the double-machine regenerative unit comprises the following steps of:
step 11, controlling the steam inlet valve: the admission valve of the water pump steam turbine maintains the fully closed state;
step 12, cooling a water pump turbine: the working medium flow direction of a first three-way valve at a regenerative steam extraction port connected with the 3# high-pressure heater is from a port 2 to a port 3, and the port 1 is closed; at the moment, the cooling water sprayer is started and provides a cooling working medium for the water feeding pump turbine; the heat generated by blast air of the steam turbine when the unit is started is absorbed, the safety problem and the thermal stress problem caused by overhigh temperature of blades in the water feeding pump steam turbine due to idling are reduced, the temperature of the blades of the steam turbine is maintained at a normal level, and the flow of a cooling water sprayer is adjusted according to the temperature of a steam outlet of the water feeding pump steam turbine;
step 13, vacuumizing a water supply pump turbine: the flow direction of a working medium of a three-way valve II at the steam exhaust port of the steam turbine of the water feeding pump is from a port 3 to a port 2, and the port 1 is closed; a port 3 of the second three-way valve is connected with a steam exhaust port of a steam turbine of the water feed pump, a port 1 of the second three-way valve is connected with a steam exhaust header, and a port 2 of the second three-way valve is connected with a water ring vacuum pump; at the moment, the shaft seal steam seals the water supply pump steam turbine, the water ring vacuum pump is started, and the cylinder of the water supply pump steam turbine is in a vacuum state, so that the problem of thermal stress generated by blades due to overhigh temperature under the working condition of small volume of residual steam in the steam turbine is prevented, and the operation safety of the steam turbine in idle running when the steam turbine is driven by a generator is ensured;
step 14, electric switching of the generator: the soft starting device is started, the generator is switched to an electric mode, electric power is transmitted to the water feeding pump, the water feeding pump is enabled to operate at a constant speed of 2650 revolutions per minute, and shaft seal steam is used for continuously maintaining the vacuum state in a cylinder of the water feeding pump steam turbine and warming up the cylinder of the water feeding pump steam turbine; at the moment, the power is supplied to the generator through the service power system, the generator drags the acceleration of the shafting, and the normal water supply of the boiler by the feed pump is ensured;
step 15, admission of steam from a steam turbine of a water supply pump: when the water feeding pump turbine meets the steam inlet condition, the cooling water spraying system and the water ring vacuum pump are stopped, the opening degree of a steam inlet valve is controlled to be 5% -6%, the flow direction of a working medium of the three-way valve II is from a port 3 to a port 1, the discharged steam of the water feeding pump turbine enters a steam discharge header, and the discharged steam is led into a deaerator from the steam discharge header;
step 16, stably operating a water supply pump turbine: after the rotating speed of the water feeding pump turbine is increased and stabilized at 3000 revolutions per minute, the soft starting device is stopped, the generator is synchronously connected to the power grid, the water feeding pump turbine is maintained to stably operate at 3000 revolutions per minute, and surplus power of the water feeding pump turbine is transmitted to the station service system by the generator;
step 17, switching the operation conditions: the opening degree of the steam inlet valve is continuously increased to full opening, and the normal load operation condition is switched;
the variable-speed driving method of the water feeding pump of the double-machine regenerative unit under the normal load operation condition comprises the following steps:
step 21, controlling the steam inlet valve: the steam inlet valve of the water supply pump steam turbine is maintained in a fully open state, and the water supply pump steam turbine is maintained to stably run at 3000 revolutions per minute;
step 22, regenerative steam extraction: the steam flow direction of a first three-way valve at a regenerative steam extraction port, where a water feeding pump steam turbine is connected with a 3# high-pressure heater, is from a port 3 to a port 1, and a port 2 is closed; at the moment, the water supply pump turbine supplies steam to the # 3 high-pressure heater, and the cooling water sprayer is in a shutdown state;
step 23, exhausting steam from a steam turbine of the water supply pump: the steam flow direction of a three-way valve II at the steam exhaust port of the steam turbine of the water feeding pump is from a port 3 to a port 1, and a port 2 is closed; at the moment, the water ring vacuum pump is in a shutdown state, and the exhaust steam of the water feeding pump steam turbine enters an exhaust steam header;
step 24, generating power by a generator: the generator delivers electric power to the service system in a generating mode;
step 25, regulating the speed of the water supply pump: the planetary gear transmission mechanism adjusts the rotation speed of the water feeding pump.
2. The variable-speed driving method of the feed pump of the double-machine regenerative unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step 25, the method for regulating the speed of the water supply pump comprises the following steps: the rotor of the water supply pump steam turbine is decelerated by the gear transmission to drive the planet carrier and the planet wheel;
the hydraulic torque converter drives the sun wheel to rotate through hydraulic transmission, and the rotating speed of the sun wheel is adjusted by adjusting the opening of the guide vanes; the rotating speed vectors of the planet carrier and the sun gear are superposed to obtain the rotating speed of the gear ring, and the rotating speed of the gear ring is output after being accelerated by the gear speed changer so as to adjust the rotating speed of the water feeding pump.
3. A variable speed driving system of a feed pump of a double-machine regenerative unit is characterized in that: the system comprises a generator, a water feeding pump steam turbine, a planetary gear transmission mechanism, a water feeding pump, shaft seal steam, a cooling water sprayer and a water ring vacuum pump; the generator, the water feeding pump steam turbine, the planetary gear transmission mechanism and the water feeding pump are sequentially and coaxially arranged;
one end of the generator is connected with the plant power system through a soft starting device, the other end of the generator is connected with the rotor input end of the water feeding pump turbine, the rotor output end of the water feeding pump turbine is connected with the planetary gear transmission mechanism, and the planetary gear transmission mechanism is used for adjusting the rotating speed of the water feeding pump;
the steam inlet of the water supply pump turbine is provided with a steam inlet valve which can be completely opened, the steam inlet valve is in a fully open state in the full-load working condition operation process of the unit, the water supply pump turbine has four-stage regenerative steam extraction and is respectively connected with a 2# high-pressure heater, a 3# high-pressure heater, a 4# high-pressure heater and a 5# high-pressure heater; wherein, the backheating steam extraction port connected with the No. 3 high-pressure heater is also connected with a cooling water sprayer which can be shut off in parallel; the steam outlet of the water feeding pump steam turbine is connected with a steam outlet header and a water ring vacuum pump in parallel;
the water supply pump steam turbine maintains 3000rpm in the operation process, and the cooling water sprayer absorbs the heat generated by the steam turbine due to blast air when the unit is started under the starting working condition of the unit; the water ring vacuum pump can enable the turbine to be in a vacuum state when the unit is started, prevent the problem of thermal stress generated by over-high temperature of blades generated by residual steam in the turbine under a small-volume working condition, and ensure the operation safety of the turbine during idling when the turbine is driven by a generator;
the shaft seal steam can be used to seal a feedwater pump turbine.
4. The variable-speed drive system of the feed pump of the double-machine regenerative unit according to claim 3, characterized in that: the planetary gear transmission mechanism comprises a hydraulic torque converter, a planetary gear and a gear transmission; the planetary gear comprises a sun gear, a gear ring coaxially sleeved on the periphery of the sun gear, a plurality of planetary gears positioned between the sun gear and the gear ring and a planet carrier connected with all the planetary gears; the hydraulic torque converter drives the sun wheel to rotate; the planet carrier is connected with the rotor output end of the water feeding pump steam turbine through a gear transmission, and the gear ring is connected with the water feeding pump through another gear transmission.
5. The variable-speed drive system of the feed pump of the double-machine regenerative unit according to claim 3, characterized in that: a first three-way valve is arranged at a regenerative steam extraction port connected with the 3# high-pressure heater, and three ports of the first three-way valve are respectively a port 1, a port 2 and a port 3; the backheating steam extraction port connected with the # 3 high-pressure heater is connected with the port 3, the port 1 is connected with the # 3 high-pressure heater, and the port 2 is connected with the cooling water sprayer.
6. The variable-speed drive system of the feed pump of the double-machine regenerative unit according to claim 5, characterized in that: the water used by the cooling water sprayer comes from the condensed water after the chemical refining treatment of the condensed water system.
7. The variable-speed drive system of the feed pump of the double-machine regenerative unit according to claim 5, characterized in that: a steam outlet of the water feeding pump steam turbine is provided with a second three-way valve, and three ports of the second three-way valve are respectively a port 1, a port 2 and a port 3; wherein, each port of the second three-way valve is set as: the port 3 is connected with the steam outlet of the water feeding pump steam turbine, the port 1 is connected with the steam discharging header, and the port 2 is connected with the water ring vacuum pump.
8. The variable-speed drive system of the feed pump of the dual regenerative unit according to claim 7, wherein: the steam outlet of the steam discharge header, the drain port of the No. 5 high-pressure heater and the drain port of the No. 6 low-pressure heater are respectively connected with the water inlet of the deaerator, and the water outlet of the deaerator is connected with the water inlet of the water feeding pump; the exhaust steam header is also connected with the condenser through an overflow valve.
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