CN110067604B - Exhaust regulation system and method for starting stage of multistage expansion generator - Google Patents
Exhaust regulation system and method for starting stage of multistage expansion generator Download PDFInfo
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- CN110067604B CN110067604B CN201910472037.7A CN201910472037A CN110067604B CN 110067604 B CN110067604 B CN 110067604B CN 201910472037 A CN201910472037 A CN 201910472037A CN 110067604 B CN110067604 B CN 110067604B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D13/00—Combinations of two or more machines or engines
- F01D13/02—Working-fluid interconnection of machines or engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
- F01D17/10—Final actuators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D19/00—Starting of machines or engines; Regulating, controlling, or safety means in connection therewith
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
- Control Of Turbines (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an exhaust regulation system and method for a starting stage of a multistage expansion generator, wherein the system comprises a high-pressure air storage tank and a generator, the high-pressure air storage tank is connected to the multistage expansion generator through an air inlet pipeline, the multistage expansion generator is connected with the generator through a transmission shaft, an air inlet regulating valve I and an air inlet regulating valve II are sequentially arranged on the air inlet pipeline, an exhaust port of an adjacent preceding stage expansion machine in the multistage expansion generator is connected with an air inlet of a subsequent stage expansion machine, an exhaust port of a last final stage expansion machine is discharged into the atmosphere, an exhaust port of a first stage expansion machine is connected with the atmosphere in a tapping way, and an exhaust regulating valve is arranged on the branch pipe. According to the invention, the working volume in the starting process of the multistage expander is reduced, the working energy of the expander is changed by adjusting the opening of the exhaust valve, the rotating speed of the expander is accurately controlled in the starting process, overspeed accidents are prevented, and the grid-connected speed of the unit is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of air inlet control equipment of expansion generators, and particularly relates to an exhaust regulation system and method for a starting stage of a multistage expansion generator.
Background
When the electric quantity of the power grid is excessive, the compressed air energy storage process is started, the electric energy is consumed to drive the compressor to operate, and air enters the compressed air storage tank after being subjected to multistage compression; when the electric quantity of the power grid is short, starting the power generation process of the expander: high-pressure air in the air storage tank enters the expander to carry out multistage expansion, and drives the expander to rotate so as to drive the generator to generate power. In order to improve efficiency, corresponding heat exchangers are arranged and store heat, and compression heat is respectively absorbed and expansion heat absorption is provided in a compression energy storage stage and an expansion energy release stage.
The starting process of the expansion generator comprises the process of achieving rated rotation speed from a static state and generating electricity with load. In the process, because the pressure of the air storage tank is high, the number of stages of the expansion machine is large, and the connecting pipeline and the corresponding heat exchanger are large in acting volume and long in process, the adjustment delay is easy to be long in the initial starting stage, the fluctuation of the rotating speed is large during the special rated rotating speed, the frequency control is difficult during grid connection, and the overspeed accident of the unit is easy to be caused. Therefore, a technology is needed to realize accurate control of the rotation speed in the starting stage of the multistage expansion generator.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that: a system and method for regulating exhaust gas during a start-up phase of a multi-stage expansion generator is provided to solve the problems of the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a multistage expansion generator starts stage exhaust regulation system, including high-pressure gas storage jar, air inlet regulating valve I, air inlet regulating valve II, multistage expander, generator and exhaust regulating valve, high-pressure gas storage jar is connected to multistage expander through the admission line, multistage expander is connected through the transmission shaft with the generator, air inlet regulating valve I and air inlet regulating valve II install on the admission line in proper order, multistage expander branch includes first-stage expander, middle multistage expander and final-stage expander, the outlet pipeline of air inlet regulating valve II inserts first-stage expander, the gas vent of first-stage expander inserts the air inlet of the first expander of middle multistage expander, the gas vent of adjacent preceding stage expander inserts the air inlet of succeeding stage expander in the middle multistage expander, the gas vent of the last expander of middle multistage expander is connected to the air inlet of final-stage expander, the gas vent of final-stage expander discharges into the atmosphere, the gas vent tapping branch pipe of first-stage expander communicates the atmosphere, install the exhaust regulating valve on the branch pipe.
Preferably, adjacent expansion machines of the multistage expansion machines are connected through at least one shaft, and the final expansion machine is connected with the generator through a transmission shaft.
Preferably, the first air inlet regulating valve, the second air inlet regulating valve and the exhaust regulating valve are electrically or pneumatically controlled.
Preferably, the pipe diameter of the branch pipe is larger than that of the exhaust pipeline of the first-stage expander.
A method of regulating an exhaust gas regulating system during a start-up phase of a multistage expansion generator, the method comprising the steps of:
the first step: before the unit starts to rush, the exhaust regulating valve is fully opened, the inlet regulating valve is firstly input, and the pressure after the inlet regulating valve is firstly controlled to be the rated pressure P of the multistage expansion machine e ；
And a second step of: step by step opening the air inlet regulating valve II, lifting the air inflow of the expander, starting the expansion machine from a static state to perform the flushing and lifting the rotating speed, discharging compressed air to the atmosphere through the branch pipe after the primary expander does work at the moment, fully opening the exhaust regulating valve at the moment, so that only the primary expander does work, and the work is far smaller than the work of all the expanders, namely:w is the output power of the expander; w (W) 1 The output power of the first-stage expander; Δh 1 Enthalpy drop of inlet and outlet of the first-stage expander; />For all expandersDoing work, wherein N represents the number of stages of the expander, the output power corresponding to the opening degree of the air inlet regulating valve II is small, and the fine control of the rotating speed is realized;
and a third step of: when the rotating speed of the unit reaches 80 percent of rated rotating speed n e When the air intake regulating valve is kept unchanged in the second opening degree, the exhaust regulating valve is gradually closed, the compressed air is discharged from the first-stage expander, the compressed air quantity discharged to the atmosphere through the branch pipe is gradually reduced, the compressed air quantity flowing into the middle multi-stage expander and the last-stage expander to do work is gradually increased, the rotating speed of the multi-stage expander is improved, the output power adjusted at the moment is only the rear several-stage expanders, the work of the first-stage expander is unchanged, namely:
the expansion machines of the second stage and all the stages behind do work, the output power corresponding to the opening degree of the closed exhaust regulating valve is small, and the fine control of the rotating speed is realized;
fourth step: raising the expander to a nominal speed n by closing the exhaust regulating valve e And then, connecting a load by a power grid, continuously closing an exhaust regulating valve to lift the load, and controlling the starting and running of the expander by using an air inflow regulating valve II to control the air inflow after the load is completely closed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the invention utilizes the pipeline in the middle of the multistage expander to increase the branch pipe and the exhaust regulating valve for exhaust control, reduces the working volume in the starting process of the multistage expander, changes the working energy of the expander by regulating the opening of the exhaust valve, realizes the accurate control of the rotating speed of the expander in the starting process, prevents overspeed accidents and improves the grid-connected speed of the unit.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a system diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1, an exhaust regulation system in a starting stage of a multistage expansion generator comprises a high-pressure air storage tank 1, an air inlet regulating valve 2, an air inlet regulating valve 3, a multistage expansion machine 4, a generator 5 and an exhaust regulating valve 6, wherein the high-pressure air storage tank 1 is connected to the multistage expansion machine 4 through an air inlet pipeline, the multistage expansion machine 4 is connected with the generator 5 through a transmission shaft, the air inlet regulating valve 2 and the air inlet regulating valve 3 are sequentially arranged on the air inlet pipeline, the multistage expansion machine 4 comprises a first stage expansion machine 401, an intermediate multistage expansion machine 402 and a final stage expansion machine 403, an outlet pipeline of the air inlet regulating valve 3 is connected to the first stage expansion machine 401, an exhaust port of the first stage expansion machine 401 is connected to an air inlet of a first expansion machine of the intermediate multistage expansion machine 402, an exhaust port of a last expansion machine of the intermediate multistage expansion machine 402 is connected to an air inlet of the final stage expansion machine 403, an exhaust port of the final stage expansion machine 403 is discharged to the atmosphere, an exhaust port of the first stage expansion machine 401 is connected with a branch pipe 7 to the atmosphere, and the exhaust regulating valve 6 is arranged on the branch pipe 7.
Preferably, adjacent ones of the multi-stage expanders 4 are connected by at least one shaft, and the final-stage expander 403 is connected to the generator 5 by a transmission shaft.
Preferably, the first intake regulating valve 2, the second intake regulating valve 3 and the exhaust regulating valve 6 are electrically or pneumatically controlled.
Preferably, the pipe diameter of the branch pipe 7 is larger than that of the exhaust pipeline of the first-stage expander.
When the system works, high-pressure air is stored in the air storage tank, the outlet flow is controlled by the first air inlet regulating valve and the second air inlet regulating valve, the high-pressure air enters the first-stage expander through the pipeline to do expansion work, at the moment, the exhaust regulating valve is opened, and compressed air is discharged to the atmosphere through the branch pipe.
The power generation and energy release stage of the expander is to convert internal energy into shaft power for output by using compressed air in the expander, and the starting stage comprises two stages of driving the generator to rotate from a static state to a rated rotation speed by a rotor and outputting electric energy by combining with a power grid.
The output power of the single-stage expander is calculated as follows:
w＝(h C -h o )×q m ＝Δh×q m (1)
wherein: w is the output power of the expander; h is a C The enthalpy value is the inlet enthalpy value of the expander; h is a o Is the enthalpy value of the outlet of the expander; Δh is the enthalpy drop of the inlet and outlet of the expander; q m Is the mass flow of the expander.
The output power of the multi-stage expander is the sum of the output power of each stage expander:
wherein: n is the number of stages of the expander, and the mass flow q of each stage of expander m Is unchanged.
When the exhaust regulating valve is opened, compressed air is discharged to the atmosphere after acting through the first-stage expander, the output power of the compressed air is represented by formula (1), and when the exhaust regulating valve is closed, the compressed air enters all the lower-stage expanders to act, and the output power of the compressed air is represented by formula (2).
The relationship between the output power and the rotating speed and torque of the expander is as follows:
W＝a×n×T (3)
wherein: w is output power, a is a constant, n is rotational speed, and T is torque.
When the expander is not connected with the power grid in the starting process, the torque is constant, namely the output power is in direct proportion to the rotating speed, and the rotating speed is higher as the output power is higher.
Therefore, the rotating speed of the expander is finely controlled in the starting stage, overspeed accidents are prevented, the grid-connected speed of the unit is increased, and the output power corresponding to the opening of the air inlet regulating valve is required to be reduced. From the above formulas (1) and (2), it is known that the multistage expander can reduce the difference (Δh) between the inlet and outlet enthalpy values of the expander and the mass flow rate (q) of the expander to reduce the output power m ) Or to reduce the expander volume (number of stages) that performs work.
Example 2: a method of regulating an exhaust gas regulating system during a start-up phase of a multistage expansion generator, the method comprising the steps of:
the first step, before the unit starts to rush, the exhaust regulating valve is fully opened, the first input of the air inlet regulating valve is automatically controlled, and the control target is that the first rear pressure of the air inlet regulating valve is the rated pressure P of the multistage expander e ；
And a second step of: gradually opening an air inlet regulating valve II to control air inflow to perform unit flushing and increase rotating speed, and fully opening an exhaust regulating valve at the moment, so that only the first-stage expansion machine does work, and the work of the first-stage expansion machine is far smaller than that of all expansion machines, namely:w is the output power of the expander; w (W) 1 The output power of the first-stage expander; Δh 1 Enthalpy drop of inlet and outlet of the first-stage expander; />Work is done for all the expanders. The output power corresponding to the opening of the air inlet regulating valve II is small, so that the fine control of the rotating speed is realized;
and a third step of: when the rotating speed of the unit reaches 80 percent of rated rotating speed n e When the air intake regulating valve is opened, the exhaust regulating valve is closed gradually, the compressed air is discharged from the first-stage expander, the compressed air quantity discharged to the atmosphere through the branch pipes is reduced gradually, the compressed air quantity flowing into the middle multi-stage expander and the final-stage expander for acting is increased gradually, and the rotating speed of the multi-stage expander is improved. The output power adjusted at this time is only the expansion machine of the next several stages, the first stage expansion machine does work unchanged, namely:
doing work for the second stage and all the following expansion machines. The output power corresponding to the opening degree of the closed exhaust regulating valve is small, and the fine control of the rotating speed is realized.
Fourth step: raising the expander to a nominal speed n by closing the exhaust regulating valve e Then incorporate electricityThe net is connected with load. And continuously closing the exhaust regulating valve to lift the load, and controlling the air inflow by using the air inlet regulating valve II to control the starting and running of the expander after the load is completely closed.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think about variations or substitutions within the scope of the present invention, and therefore, the scope of the present invention shall be defined by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A regulating method of an exhaust regulating system in a starting stage of a multistage expansion generator is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the multi-stage expansion generator starting stage exhaust regulation system adopted by the regulation method comprises a high-pressure air storage tank (1), an air inlet regulating valve I (2), an air inlet regulating valve II (3), a multi-stage expansion machine (4), a generator (5) and an exhaust regulating valve (6), wherein the high-pressure air storage tank (1) is connected to the multi-stage expansion machine (4) through an air inlet pipeline, the multi-stage expansion machine (4) is connected with the generator (5) through a transmission shaft, the air inlet regulating valve I (2) and the air inlet regulating valve II (3) are sequentially arranged on the air inlet pipeline, the multi-stage expansion machine part (4) comprises a first-stage expansion machine (401), an intermediate multi-stage expansion machine (402) and a final-stage expansion machine (403), an outlet pipeline of the air inlet regulating valve II (3) is connected to the first-stage expansion machine (401), an exhaust port of the first-stage expansion machine of the intermediate multi-stage expansion machine (402) is connected to an air inlet of a first expansion machine of the intermediate multi-stage expansion machine (402), an exhaust port of a last expansion machine of the intermediate multi-stage expansion machine (402) is connected to an exhaust port of a last expansion machine of the expansion machine (403), an exhaust port of the intermediate multi-stage expansion machine (403) is connected to an exhaust port of the final expansion machine (7) of the expansion machine (7), and the exhaust valve I is connected to an exhaust branch pipe of the atmospheric valve (7) is arranged; the regulating method of the exhaust regulating system in the starting stage of the multistage expansion generator comprises the following steps of:
the first step: before the unit starts to rush, the exhaust regulating valve is fully opened, the inlet regulating valve is firstly input, and the pressure after the inlet regulating valve is firstly controlled to be the rated pressure P of the multistage expansion machine e ；
And a second step of: gradually opening an air inlet regulating valve II, lifting the air inflow of the expander, starting the expander to perform flushing rotation from a static state and lifting the rotating speed, and discharging compressed air to the atmosphere through a branch pipe after the compressed air works from the first-stage expander; at this time, because the exhaust regulating valve is fully opened, only the first-stage expander does work, which is far smaller than that of all the expanders, namely:w is the output power of the expander; w (W) 1 The output power of the first-stage expander; Δh 1 Enthalpy drop of inlet and outlet of the first-stage expander; />Work is applied to all the expanders, and N represents the stage number of the expanders;
and a third step of: when the rotating speed of the unit reaches 80 percent of rated rotating speed n e When the air intake regulating valve is kept unchanged in the second opening degree, the exhaust regulating valve is gradually closed, the compressed air is discharged from the first-stage expander, the compressed air quantity discharged to the atmosphere through the branch pipe is gradually reduced, the compressed air quantity flowing into the middle multi-stage expander and the last-stage expander to do work is gradually increased, the rotating speed of the multi-stage expander is improved, the output power adjusted at the moment is only the rear several-stage expanders, the work of the first-stage expander is unchanged, namely:
work is applied to the expansion machines of the second stage and all the stages behind;
fourth step: raising the expander to a nominal speed n by closing the exhaust regulating valve e And then, connecting a load by a power grid, continuously closing an exhaust regulating valve to lift the load, and controlling the starting and running of the expander by using an air inflow regulating valve II to control the air inflow after the load is completely closed.
2. The method of regulating an exhaust gas regulating system during a start-up phase of a multistage expansion generator according to claim 1, wherein: at least one shaft is used for connecting adjacent expansion machines of the multistage expansion machines (4), and the final expansion machine (403) is connected with the generator (5) through a transmission shaft.
3. The method of regulating an exhaust gas regulating system during a start-up phase of a multistage expansion generator according to claim 1, wherein: the first air inlet regulating valve (2), the second air inlet regulating valve (3) and the exhaust regulating valve (6) are controlled electrically or pneumatically.
4. The method of regulating an exhaust gas regulating system during a start-up phase of a multistage expansion generator according to claim 1, wherein: the pipe diameter of the branch pipe (7) is larger than that of the exhaust pipeline of the first-stage expander.
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| CN112431643B (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2023-05-26 | 贵州电网有限责任公司 | Rapid stabilization method for load shedding self-carried station service electric rotating speed of expansion generator set |
| CN112377270B (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2022-05-17 | 贵州电网有限责任公司 | Method for rapidly stabilizing rotating speed in impact rotation process of expansion generator set |
| CN113006875B (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2022-01-04 | 佛山玄同科技有限公司 | Pressure energy recovery system and grid connection method |
| CN115199347A (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2022-10-18 | 北京全四维动力科技有限公司 | Air turbine system and method of operating the same |
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