CN110367066B - Rice drought resistance evaluation method based on multi-gradient multi-character comprehensive drought resistance coefficient - Google Patents
Rice drought resistance evaluation method based on multi-gradient multi-character comprehensive drought resistance coefficient Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for evaluating drought resistance of rice based on a multi-gradient multi-character comprehensive drought resistance coefficient, belonging to the technical field of agricultural production and research.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural production, and particularly relates to a rice drought resistance evaluation method based on a multi-gradient multi-character comprehensive drought resistance coefficient.
Background
Rice is one of the most important food crops for human beings, and is also the crop with the largest water consumption. Under the traditional rice production mode, the water production efficiency (Watereffeffercency water utilization efficiency) is 0.6-1.04 kg rice/m3Water, i.e. about 0.96-1.67 m for producing 1kg of rice3And (3) water. Due to the reduction of agricultural arable land area and the expansion of population, the rice demand is continuously increased, and the problems of frequent regional and seasonal drought, gradually deficient agricultural water resources and the like are solved, so that the rice production faces serious challenges. Therefore, the research on the water-saving and drought-resistant technology of rice and the development of water-saving and drought-resistant rice become important ways for the sustainable development of rice production. The currently reported identification indexes of the drought resistance of rice are mainly divided into types of yield indexes, morphological indexes, physiological and biochemical indexes and the like, and the concepts of drought resistance coefficients, sensitivity indexes, drought resistance indexes and the like are provided, and the comprehensive evaluation methods such as a direct comparison method, a drought resistance grading evaluation method, a total drought resistance evaluation method, a mathematical analysis method and the like are provided. Because drought resistance is a multi-factor action result, the drought resistance of different varieties and different development periods is different, so that the drought resistance of rice presents certain complexity, and in addition, various identification methods, indexes and results report do not form a unified and accepted drought resistance identification standard, and people still have difficulty in effectively grasping the drought resistance identification of rice.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a comprehensive evaluation method for drought resistance of rice based on a multi-gradient multi-character comprehensive drought resistance coefficient, which establishes a method for evaluating the drought resistance of rice by taking a new comprehensive drought resistance coefficient, namely the multi-gradient multi-character comprehensive drought resistance coefficient, as an evaluation standard, solves the defects that the existing evaluation method is lack of fuzzy qualitative evaluation under the condition of quantitative water control, and the results are not comprehensive enough, difficult to repeat and incapable of forming a universal standard method, can evaluate the drought resistance of rice more accurately, and provides a scientific evaluation basis for drought resistance evaluation and drought resistance breeding of rice varieties.
Therefore, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for evaluating the drought resistance of rice based on multi-gradient and multi-character comprehensive drought resistance coefficients comprises the following steps:
(1) determining various rice varieties to be evaluated, and respectively raising rice seedlings to obtain various rice seedlings;
(2) respectively carrying out pot culture experiments on various rice seedlings, wherein the pot culture experiments comprise an experiment group and a control group, the experiment group and the control group are used for carrying out gradient quantitative water control cultivation and flooding cultivation on the rice seedlings respectively, and the other experiment conditions are the same, so that mature rice of the experiment group and the control group is obtained respectively;
the gradient quantitative water-control cultivation steps are as follows:
A. preparing a plurality of identical planting pots, respectively filling the identical planting pots with cultivation soil with the same weight, and measuring the field water capacity and the initial water content of the soil;
B. transplanting the rice seedlings of the variety into pots to obtain potted rice plants, wherein the number of the rice seedlings in each pot is the same, 4 gradients of saturated water, mild drought stress, moderate drought stress and severe drought stress are set according to the 4 gradients, and 4 gradient water contents of the potted rice plants are obtained through calculation respectively;
C. dividing the rice potted plant into 4 groups according to the 4 gradient water contents, performing gradient water control management on each group, and recording the water supplement amount of each single pot of each group to obtain the accumulated water supplement amount of each single pot of each group until the rice is mature;
(3) respectively sampling and testing the mature rice of the experimental group and the mature rice of the control group, and respectively measuring the characteristic test data of the two groups of rice; the data of each character test comprises the biological yield of each plant, the seed yield of each plant, the effective spike number of each plant, the solid grain number of each spike and the thousand grain weight, and the data of each character test is the average data of each character test;
(4) according to the seed examination data of the two groups of rice in the step (3), respectively obtaining the yield structural characters of the rice of the experimental group and the rice of the control group, and calculating to obtain the water utilization efficiency of the two groups of rice, wherein the yield structural characters comprise the yield of a single plant seed, the effective number of ears of the single plant, the number of seeds of the single ear and the thousand seed weight, and the water utilization efficiency comprises the biological yield water utilization efficiency of the single plant and the yield water utilization efficiency of the single plant seed;
(5) respectively calculating drought resistance coefficients of the yield structural characters and the water utilization efficiency of the rice of the experimental group and the rice of the control group according to the yield structural characters and the water utilization efficiency of the rice of the experimental group and the rice of the control group obtained in the step (4);
(6) respectively drawing xy-axis coordinate graphs of each drought resistance coefficient obtained in the step (5) and the 4 gradient water contents to respectively obtain multi-gradient single-character coordinate graphs of the rice of the experimental group and the rice of the control group, and calculating to obtain the area of each graph surrounded by the multi-gradient single-character coordinate graphs and two xy coordinate axes, wherein the area of each graph is the T value of each character of the rice of the experimental group and the rice of the control group;
(7) and (4) according to the T values of the characters of the rice of the experimental group and the rice of the control group obtained in the step (6), calculating to obtain the multi-gradient multi-character comprehensive drought resistance coefficient of the rice variety, and comparing the multi-gradient multi-character comprehensive drought resistance coefficient of each rice variety to determine the drought resistance of each rice variety.
As a further optimization of the scheme, the step of measuring the initial water content and the field water capacity of the potting soil in the step (2) is specifically as follows:
A. adopting undisturbed soil in the planting pot by a cutting ring, weighing the undisturbed soil by a cutting ring weighing method and recording the weight as W0；
B. Drying and weighing the undisturbed soil, and recording the soil as W1Grinding, sieving with 1mm sieve mesh, placing into a cutting ring, covering the bottom cover of the cutting ring with small holes and filter paper, placing into a magnetic disk containing water, wherein the water surface in the disk is 1-2mm lower than the upper edge of the cutting ring to make the soil in the cutting ring fully absorb water, saturating after one day and night, removing the bottom cover, weighing and recording as W2；
The field water capacity calculation formula is as follows:
FM＝[(W2－W0)/W1]×100％
wherein FM represents field water capacity;
the initial water content calculation formula is as follows:
Wc＝[(W0－W1)/W0]×100％
in the formula, WcIndicating the initial moisture content.
As a further optimization of the scheme, the gradient number in the step (2) is more than 100 percent, 80 percent, 60 percent and 40 percent.
As a further optimization of the scheme, the rice seedlings are transplanted in clean seedlings according to 5-10 pots per gradient and 3 holes per pot, and 1-2 plants per hole.
As a further optimization of the scheme, the calculation formula of the gradient moisture content is as follows:
WtFM × gradient series
In the formula, WtRepresents the gradient moisture content and FM represents the field capacity.
As a further optimization of the scheme, the gradient measurement type water control management in the step (2) comprises the following specific steps:
A. and respectively calculating the weight of the 4 groups of pot soil according to the gradient moisture content, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Gpdry soil weight of one pot x (1+ W)t) + net weight of planting pot
In the formula, GpIndicates the weight of the soil in the basin, WtRepresenting the gradient water content, wherein the dry soil weight of the single pot is the weight of all the soil in the single pot after being dried;
B. the weight of each group of pot soil is respectively counted as Gpi, i is 1.2.3.4, then respectively pouring enough water into each group of potted plants to make the rice be in a flooded cultivation state, placing the potted plants in a shady place with sufficient illumination, and naturally reducing the water content in the potted plants until the weight of pot soil is Gpi hours, the pot soil is weighed by pot according to groups at regular time, and the water is supplemented according to the requirement to keep the pot soil Gpi, keeping constant weight, and recording the water replenishing weight of each time according to the groups respectively to obtain the accumulated water replenishing amount of the single pot of each group; the weight of the pot soil is that of the planting pot andtotal weight of hydrous soil in the pot.
As a further optimization of the scheme, the step (3) specifically comprises the following steps:
A. after the rice is mature, harvesting and respectively sampling and testing the experimental group and the control group to respectively obtain various test data of the biological yield of each plant, the seed yield of each plant, the effective spike number of each plant, the solid grain number of each spike and the thousand kernel weight of the experimental group and the control group;
B. calculating the biological yield water utilization efficiency and the seed yield water utilization efficiency of the experimental group and the control group, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
BW is equal to the total plant number of a single pot multiplied by B/total water consumption of the single pot
GW (total weight per pot) multiplied by G/total water consumption per pot
In the formula, BW, B, GW, and G respectively represent biological yield and water utilization efficiency, single plant biological yield, seed yield and water utilization efficiency, and single plant seed yield of the experimental group and the control group, and the total water consumption of a single pot is the initial water content of single pot soil + the cumulative water supplement amount of the single pot-the water content of the single pot soil after harvesting, wherein the method for measuring the water content of the single pot soil after harvesting is the same as the method for measuring the initial water content of the single pot soil.
As a further optimization of the scheme, the drought resistance coefficient of each character in the step (4) is expressed by DC, and the calculation formula is as follows:
DCG＝Gfruit of Chinese wolfberry/Gck×100％
DCP＝PFruit of Chinese wolfberry/Pck×100％
DCF＝FFruit of Chinese wolfberry/Fck×100％
DCK＝KFruit of Chinese wolfberry/Kck×100％
DCBW＝BWFruit of Chinese wolfberry/BWck×100％
DCGW＝GWFruit of Chinese wolfberry/GWck×100％
In the formula, DCG、DCP、DCF、DCK、DCBWAnd DCGWSheets representing the rice varieties, respectivelyDrought resistance coefficients of plant seed yield, effective spike number of each plant, solid grain number of each spike, thousand grain weight, biological yield water utilization efficiency and seed yield water utilization efficiency; gFruit of Chinese wolfberry、PFruit of Chinese wolfberry、FFruit of Chinese wolfberry、KFruit of Chinese wolfberry、BWFruit of Chinese wolfberryAnd GWFruit of Chinese wolfberryRespectively representing the average of the yield of single plant seeds, the effective spike number of single plant, the number of single spike grains, the thousand grain weight, the water utilization efficiency of biological yield and the water utilization efficiency of seed yield of 4 groups in the experimental group; gck、Pck、Fck、Kck、BWckAnd GWckThe average values of the seed yield per plant, the effective spike number per plant, the solid grain number per spike, the thousand kernel weight, the biological yield water utilization efficiency and the seed yield water utilization efficiency of the control group are respectively shown.
As a further optimization of the scheme, the multi-gradient and multi-character comprehensive drought resistance coefficient in the step (6) is formed by TSDCExpressed, the calculation formula is as follows:
TSDC＝logT_G(TP×TF×TK)×logT_GWTBW
in the formula, T _ G, TP、TF、TKT _ GW and TBWAnd respectively representing the T values of the yield of the single plant seed, the effective ear number of the single plant, the number of the single ear solid grains, the thousand grain weight, the biological yield and water utilization efficiency and the seed yield and water utilization efficiency.
The comprehensive evaluation method for the drought resistance of the rice is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) carrying out gradient quantitative design and control on the water content of the rice soil;
(2) constructing a comprehensive evaluation index of the drought resistance of the rice by considering the structural characters of the yield of the rice and the utilization efficiency of water;
(3) and taking a multi-gradient multi-character comprehensive drought resistance coefficient based on a single-gradient single-character drought resistance coefficient as a comprehensive evaluation index of the drought resistance of the rice under the condition of gradient quantization water control.
The theory basis of the comprehensive evaluation method for the drought resistance of the rice is as follows:
according to the method, a standard quantitative controllable repeatable composite evaluation index system which can be adopted by drought resistance identification in drought resistance breeding of rice is searched through a gradient quantitative water control test, yield and related character determination and statistical analysis, and evaluation technical index support is provided for drought resistance evaluation of rice, genetic breeding of water-saving drought-resistant rice and the like.
The drought resistance of rice depends on the interaction between heredity and environment, and the drought resistance between varieties can be correctly compared under the condition of consistent and repeatable environmental conditions. For drought resistance, the water content of the soil is the main factor. However, the moisture content of the soil has dynamic change and uncertainty, which often causes that the drought resistance test result is difficult to repeat, and the test results of multiple times may be inconsistent. This makes the identification of drought resistance of rice extremely difficult. The invention adopts 4 kinds of quantitative water control treatment, forms 4 kinds of water gradients with extremely obvious difference, and has extremely obvious influence on the yield structure of the reference variety and various characters of the water utilization efficiency. The test process has definite and fine control on the soil moisture content, and the result is stable and repeatable.
The method takes the product of the yield of single plant seeds, the number of single plant effective spikes, the number of single spike grains, the thousand kernel weight, the biological yield and water utilization efficiency of single plant and the yield and water utilization efficiency of single plant seeds under various drought stress conditions, namely the T value, as the comprehensive index for evaluating the drought resistance of the variety, and finds that the method has good identification effect.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows:
1. the method comprises the steps of carrying out the long-term gradient quantitative water control treatment from green turning to harvesting on the reference rice varieties, fully showing the drought resistance differences of the yield characters of the reference rice varieties, taking the yield and the water utilization efficiency as main evaluation bases of drought resistance, considering the breeding character selection and the agricultural production water-saving requirement, carrying out seed test on the yield-related characters after harvesting, combining the recorded data of the water treatment process, calculating the comprehensive drought resistance coefficient of the rice drought resistance as the comprehensive evaluation index of the drought resistance of the rice varieties, evaluating the drought resistance of the rice more accurately, and providing bases for screening the drought resistance of the rice germplasm resources.
2. As a brand new comprehensive evaluation method, the invention provides a concept of gradient quantitative water control treatment and a specific method thereof for the first time aiming at a main influence factor of rice yield and water utilization efficiency in a drought stress environment, namely soil water content, as a main control factor in an evaluation system of drought resistance of rice, wherein the soil water content fluctuates in a frequency oscillation mode rule in the actual treatment process, the highest value of each gradient is stabilized on a consistent level, the concept of a multi-gradient multi-character water ecological total effect T value of the rice and a calculation method thereof are provided, and a new direction is found for the research of the drought resistance of the rice in the future.
3. The multi-gradient multi-character investigation mode combines dual factors of the self heredity and the growth environment of rice, the obtained result is more accurate and reasonable, and the change of environmental conditions such as the year, the soil type and the like can not be caused, and the universality is strong.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a gradient quantitative control mode of soil moisture content according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the calculation of T value for a certain trait in 6 test varieties in the example of the present invention.
FIG. 36 is a drought resistance coefficient diagram of the yield of individual seeds of the tested varieties in different gradient soil moisture contents.
FIG. 46 is a drought resistance coefficient diagram of the effective spike number of each plant of the tested variety in different gradient soil moisture contents.
FIG. 56 is a drought resistance coefficient diagram of the single spike grain number of the tested variety in different gradient soil moisture contents.
FIG. 66 is a drought resistance coefficient diagram of the thousand-grain weight of the tested varieties in different gradient soil moisture contents.
FIG. 76 is a drought resistance coefficient diagram of the biological yield and water utilization efficiency of 76 test varieties in different gradient soil water contents.
And (5) a drought resistance coefficient diagram of the yield and water utilization efficiency of 86 test varieties of seeds in different gradient soil water contents is shown.
FIG. 96 is a T value comparison chart of 6 traits in each test variety.
FIG. 10 shows a schematic view of a6 test varieties multi-gradient multi-character comprehensive drought-resistant coefficient TSDCThe values are compared to a graph.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The first embodiment is as follows:
a method for evaluating the drought resistance of rice based on multi-gradient and multi-character comprehensive drought resistance coefficients comprises the following steps:
(1) the following rice varieties were prepared: respectively raising seedlings of Minghui 63(MH63), Shuhui 527(SH527), II-32B, Bala, R17739-1 and IR64 to obtain various rice seedlings;
(2) respectively carrying out pot culture experiments on various rice seedlings, wherein the pot culture experiments comprise an experiment group and a control group, the experiment group and the control group are used for carrying out gradient quantitative water control cultivation and flooding cultivation on the rice seedlings respectively, and the other experiment conditions are the same, so that mature rice of the experiment group and the control group is obtained respectively;
the gradient quantitative water-control cultivation steps are as follows:
A. preparing a plurality of identical planting pots, respectively filling the identical planting pots with cultivation soil with the same weight, and measuring the field water capacity and the initial water content of the soil;
B. transplanting the variety rice seedlings into a pot, performing clean seedling transplanting on 1 seedling in each hole according to 6 pots per gradient and 3 holes per pot to obtain a potted rice plant, wherein the number of the seedlings in each pot is the same, 4 gradient levels are set according to saturated water, mild drought stress, moderate drought stress and severe drought stress, and 4 gradient levels are set according to the 4 gradient levels, namely 100%, 80%, 60% and 40%, and then calculating the 4 gradient water content of the potted rice plant respectively;
C. dividing the rice potted plant into 4 groups according to the 4 gradient water contents, performing gradient water control management on each group, and recording the water supplement amount of each single pot of each group to obtain the accumulated water supplement amount of each single pot of each group until the rice is mature;
(3) respectively sampling and testing the mature rice of the experimental group and the mature rice of the control group, and respectively measuring the characteristic test data of the two groups of rice; the data of each character test comprises the biological yield of each plant, the seed yield of each plant, the effective spike number of each plant, the solid grain number of each spike and the thousand grain weight, and the data of each character test is the average data of each character test;
(4) according to the seed examination data of the two groups of rice in the step (3), respectively obtaining the yield structural characters of the rice of the experimental group and the rice of the control group, and calculating to obtain the water utilization efficiency of the two groups of rice, wherein the yield structural characters comprise the yield of a single plant seed, the effective number of ears of the single plant, the number of seeds of the single ear and the thousand seed weight, and the water utilization efficiency comprises the biological yield water utilization efficiency of the single plant and the yield water utilization efficiency of the single plant seed;
(5) respectively calculating drought resistance coefficients of the yield structural characters and the water utilization efficiency of the rice of the experimental group and the rice of the control group according to the yield structural characters and the water utilization efficiency of the rice of the experimental group and the rice of the control group obtained in the step (4);
(6) respectively drawing xy-axis coordinate graphs of each drought resistance coefficient obtained in the step (5) and the 4 gradient water contents to respectively obtain multi-gradient single-character coordinate graphs of the rice of the experimental group and the rice of the control group, and calculating to obtain the area of each graph surrounded by the multi-gradient single-character coordinate graphs and two xy coordinate axes, wherein the area of each graph is the T value of each character of the rice of the experimental group and the rice of the control group;
(7) and (4) according to the T values of the characters of the rice of the experimental group and the rice of the control group obtained in the step (6), calculating to obtain the multi-gradient multi-character comprehensive drought resistance coefficient of the rice variety, and comparing the multi-gradient multi-character comprehensive drought resistance coefficient of each rice variety to determine the drought resistance of each rice variety.
The step of measuring the initial water content and the field water capacity of the potting soil in the step (2) is as follows:
A. adopting undisturbed soil in the planting pot by using a cutting ring, weighing the undisturbed soil by using a cutting ring weighing method, and recording the weight of the undisturbed soil as 0.285 kg;
B. drying and weighing the undisturbed soil, recording the undisturbed soil as 0.241kg, grinding the undisturbed soil to be fine, sieving the ground undisturbed soil through a sieve pore of 1mm, putting the undisturbed soil into a cutting ring, covering a cutting ring bottom cover which is provided with small holes and is attached with filter paper, putting the cutting ring bottom cover into a magnetic disc containing water, wherein the water surface in the disc is 1-2mm lower than the upper edge of the cutting ring, so that the soil in the cutting ring fully absorbs water, and the soil is saturated after one day and night, removing the bottom cover, weighing and recording the bottom cover as 0.341 kg;
calculating the water capacity of soil in field
FM＝[(0.341－0.241)/0.241]×100％＝41.3％
Calculating the initial water content W of the soilc＝15.345％
Calculating the moisture content of the 4 gradients:
Wt1﹥100％，Wt2＝33.04％，Wt2＝24.78％，Wt4＝16.52％；
the gradient measurement water control management in the step (2) comprises the following specific steps:
A. respectively calculating the weight G of the 4 subgroups of the pot soil according to the gradient moisture contentp1＝9.50kg，Gp2＝7.82kg，Gp3＝7.14kg，Gp4＝6.40kg；
B. Respectively pouring enough water into each group of potted plants to make the rice be in a water-flooded cultivation state, placing the potted plants in a shady place with sufficient illumination, and naturally reducing the water content in the potted plants until the weight of the pot soil is Gpi hours, the pot soil is weighed by pot according to groups at regular time, and the water is supplemented according to the requirement to keep the pot soil Gpi is constant weight, i is 1.2.3.4, and the weight of water supplement each time is recorded according to the groups respectively to obtain the total water consumption of each group, wherein the total water consumption of each group is Wt, and the total water consumption of the experimental group is Wck; the weight of the pot soil is the total weight of the planting pot and the water-containing soil in the planting pot.
The step (3) comprises the following steps:
A. after the rice is mature, harvesting and respectively sampling and testing the experimental group and the control group to respectively obtain various test data of the biological yield of each plant, the seed yield of each plant, the effective spike number of each plant, the solid grain number of each spike and the thousand kernel weight of the experimental group and the control group, which are shown in the following table 1;
TABLE 1 measured values of yield and structural Properties and Water use efficiency
B. Calculating the biological yield water utilization efficiency and the seed yield water utilization efficiency of the experimental group and the control group, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
BWfruit of Chinese wolfberry＝3×BFruit of Chinese wolfberryExperiment group single basin total water consumption 3 XBFruit of Chinese wolfberry/Wt
GWFruit of Chinese wolfberry＝3×GFruit of Chinese wolfberryExperiment group single basin total water consumption 3 XGFruit of Chinese wolfberry/Wt
BWTo pair＝3×BckControl group single pot total water consumption 3 × Bck/Wck
GWTo pair＝3×GckControl group single pot total water consumption 3 XGck/Wck
Calculating the drought resistance coefficient of each character in the step (4) to be expressed by DC, wherein the calculation formula is as follows, and the calculation result is shown in Table 2:
DCG＝Gfruit of Chinese wolfberry/Gck×100％
DCP＝PFruit of Chinese wolfberry/Pck×100％
DCF＝FFruit of Chinese wolfberry/Fck×100％
DCK＝KFruit of Chinese wolfberry/Kck×100％
DCBW＝BWFruit of Chinese wolfberry/BWck×100％
DCGW＝GWFruit of Chinese wolfberry/GWck×100％
TABLE 2 drought resistance coefficients of various traits of each rice variety of example 1
| Minghui 63 | Shuhui 527 | II-32B | Bala | R17739-1 | IR64 | |
| DCG | 0.634 | 0.575 | 0.648 | 0.583 | 0.729 | 0.748 |
| DCP | 0.468 | 0.531 | 0.542 | 0.61 | 0.504 | 0.493 |
| DCF | 0.662 | 0.673 | 0.692 | 0.683 | 0.662 | 0.71 |
| DCK | 0.432 | 0.406 | 0.466 | 0.453 | 0.526 | 0.493 |
| DCBW | 0.498 | 0.42 | 0.513 | 0.499 | 0.554 | 0.625 |
| DCGW | 0.838 | 0.683 | 0.879 | 0.834 | 0.809 | 0.809 |
The multi-gradient multi-character comprehensive drought resistance coefficient in the step (6) is represented by TSDCExpressed, the calculation formula is as follows:
TSDC＝logT_G(TP×TF×TK)×logT_GWTBW
in the formula, T _ G, TP、TF、TKT _ GW and TBWThe T values respectively representing the yield of each plant seed, the number of effective ears of each plant, the number of solid seeds of each ear, the thousand kernel weight, the biological yield water utilization efficiency and the seed yield water utilization efficiency are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 Multi-gradient, Multi-trait drought-resistance coefficient T of each rice variety of example 1SDC
| Minghui 63 | Shuhui 527 | Ⅱ-32B | Bala | R17739-1 | IR64 | |
| TSDC | 2.6 | 3.7 | 2.6 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 1.3 |
As can be seen from Table 3, in the drought resistance aspect, Shuhui 527 > (R17739-1, Bala) > (Minghui 63, II-32B) > IR64 is in accordance with the actual situation.
Wherein the IR64 is an internationally recognized moisture-sensitive variety (Wen-Sheng Wang et al, 2011; Jan-Xang Lu et al, 2011; PrceAH et al,2002 a; PrceAH et al,2002b) which can be used as a restorer; bala is a drought-resistant germplasm resource screened by crops in agricultural academy of Sichuan province and is supported by literature reports (Prce AH et al,2002 a; Prce AH et al,2002 b); minghui 63, Shuhui 527 and II-32B are backbone parents of hybrid rice, and II-32B is reported to have certain drought resistance; r17739-1 is a water-saving drought-resistant rice restoring line bred by crops of agricultural academy of Sichuan province. Therefore, the larger the multi-gradient and multi-character drought resistance coefficient TSDC of the rice variety is, the better the drought resistance is.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (7)
1. A method for evaluating the drought resistance of rice based on multi-gradient and multi-character comprehensive drought resistance coefficients is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) determining various rice varieties to be evaluated, and respectively raising rice seedlings to obtain various rice seedlings;
(2) respectively carrying out pot culture experiments on various rice seedlings, wherein the pot culture experiments comprise an experiment group and a control group, the experiment group and the control group are used for carrying out gradient quantitative water control cultivation and flooding cultivation on the rice seedlings respectively, and the other experiment conditions are the same, so that mature rice of the experiment group and the control group is obtained respectively;
the gradient quantitative water-control cultivation steps are as follows:
A. preparing a plurality of identical planting pots, respectively filling the identical planting pots with cultivation soil with the same weight, and measuring the field water capacity and the initial water content of the soil;
B. transplanting the rice seedlings of the variety into pots to obtain potted rice plants, wherein the number of the rice seedlings in each pot is the same, 4 gradients of saturated water, mild drought stress, moderate drought stress and severe drought stress are set according to the 4 gradients, and 4 gradient water contents of the potted rice plants are obtained through calculation respectively;
C. dividing the rice potted plant into 4 groups according to the 4 gradient water contents, performing gradient water control management on each group, and recording the water supplement amount of each single pot of each group to obtain the accumulated water supplement amount of each single pot of each group until the rice is mature;
(3) respectively sampling and testing the mature rice of the experimental group and the mature rice of the control group, and respectively measuring the characteristic test data of the two groups of rice; the data of each character test comprises the biological yield of each plant, the seed yield of each plant, the effective spike number of each plant, the solid grain number of each spike and the thousand grain weight, and the data of each character test is the average data of each character test;
(4) according to the seed examination data of the two groups of rice in the step (3), respectively obtaining the yield structural characters of the rice of the experimental group and the rice of the control group, and calculating to obtain the water utilization efficiency of the two groups of rice, wherein the yield structural characters comprise the yield of a single plant seed, the effective number of ears of the single plant, the number of seeds of the single ear and the thousand seed weight, and the water utilization efficiency comprises the biological yield water utilization efficiency of the single plant and the yield water utilization efficiency of the single plant seed;
(5) respectively calculating drought resistance coefficients of the yield structural characters and the water utilization efficiency of the rice of the experimental group and the rice of the control group according to the yield structural characters and the water utilization efficiency of the rice of the experimental group and the rice of the control group obtained in the step (4);
(6) respectively drawing xy-axis coordinate graphs of each drought resistance coefficient obtained in the step (5) and the 4 gradient water contents to respectively obtain multi-gradient single-character coordinate graphs of the rice of the experimental group and the rice of the control group, and calculating to obtain the area of each graph surrounded by the multi-gradient single-character coordinate graphs and two xy coordinate axes, wherein the area of each graph is the T value of each character of the rice of the experimental group and the rice of the control group;
(7) according to the T values of the characters of the rice of the experimental group and the rice of the control group obtained in the step (6), calculating to obtain multi-gradient multi-character comprehensive drought resistance coefficients of the rice varieties, and comparing the multi-gradient multi-character comprehensive drought resistance coefficients of the rice varieties to determine the drought resistance of the rice varieties;
and (5) expressing the drought resistance coefficient of each character in the step (5) by DC, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
DC G ═ G real/G ck x 100%
DC P ═ Preal/Pck × 100%
DC F ═ F real/F ck x 100%
DC K ═ K real/K ck × 100%
DC BW ═ BW real/BW ck × 100%
DC GW ═ GW real/GW ck x 100%
In the formula, DC G, DC P, DC F, DC K, DC BW and DC GW respectively represent drought resistance coefficients of single-plant seed yield, single-plant effective spike number, single-spike seed number, thousand kernel weight, biological yield water utilization efficiency and seed yield water utilization efficiency of the rice variety; the G fruit, the P fruit, the F fruit, the K fruit, the BW fruit and the GW fruit respectively represent the average values of the seed yield of each plant, the effective spike number of each plant, the solid grain number of each spike, the thousand grain weight, the water utilization efficiency of biological yield and the water utilization efficiency of seed yield of 4 groups in the experimental group; g ck, P ck, F ck, K ck, BWck and GW ck respectively represent the average of the seed yield per plant, the effective spike number per plant, the solid grain number per spike, the thousand grain weight, the biological yield and the seed yield and water utilization efficiency of the control group
The multi-gradient and multi-character comprehensive drought resistance coefficient in the step (6) is represented by T SDC, and the calculation formula is as follows:
T SDC ＝log T_G (T P ×T F ×T K )×log T_GW T BW
in the formula, T _ G, T P, T F, T K, T _ GW, and T BW respectively represent T values of the yield of individual grains, the number of effective ears of individual plants, the number of grains of individual ears, the thousand kernel weight, the biological yield water utilization efficiency, and the grain yield water utilization efficiency.
2. The method for evaluating the drought resistance of the rice based on the multi-gradient multi-trait comprehensive drought resistance coefficient as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of measuring the initial water content and the field water capacity of the potting soil in the step (2) is specifically as follows:
A. adopting undisturbed soil in the planting pot by using a cutting ring, weighing the undisturbed soil by using a cutting ring weighing method, and recording the weight as W0;
B. drying and weighing the undisturbed soil, recording the undisturbed soil as W1, grinding the undisturbed soil to be fine, sieving the ground undisturbed soil through a sieve hole of 1mm, putting the ground undisturbed soil into a cutting ring, covering a cutting ring bottom cover with small holes and attached filter paper, putting the cutting ring bottom cover into a magnetic disc containing water, enabling the water surface in the disc to be 1-2mm lower than the upper edge of the cutting ring, enabling the soil in the cutting ring to fully absorb water, achieving saturation after one day and night, removing the bottom cover, weighing and recording the bottom cover as W2;
the field water capacity calculation formula is as follows:
FM＝[(W 2 －W 0 )/W 1 ]×100％
wherein FM represents field water capacity;
the initial water content calculation formula is as follows:
W c ＝[(W 0 －W 1 )/W 0 ]×100％
in the formula, W c represents the initial water content.
3. The method for evaluating the drought resistance of rice based on the multi-gradient multi-trait comprehensive drought resistance coefficient as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gradient number in the step (2) is more than 100%, 80%, 60% and 40%.
4. The method for evaluating the drought resistance of the rice based on the multi-gradient multi-trait comprehensive drought resistance coefficient as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rice seedlings are transplanted with clean seedlings according to 5-10 pots per gradient and 3 holes per pot, and 1-2 plants per hole.
5. The method for evaluating the drought resistance of the rice based on the multi-gradient multi-trait comprehensive drought resistance coefficient as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gradient water content is calculated according to the following formula:
w t FM × gradient series
Wherein W t represents the gradient moisture content and FM represents the field capacity.
6. The method for evaluating the drought resistance of rice based on the multi-gradient multi-trait comprehensive drought resistance coefficient as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gradient measurement water control management in the step (2) comprises the following specific steps:
A. and respectively calculating the weight of the 4 groups of pot soil according to the gradient moisture content, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
g p dry soil weight x (1+ W t) for single pot and net weight of planting pot
In the formula, G p represents the weight of the pot soil, W t represents the gradient moisture content, and the dry soil weight of a single pot is the weight of all the soil in the single pot after being dried;
B. respectively weighing G pi and i 1.2.3.4 for each group of pot soil, then respectively pouring enough water into each group of potted plants to enable the rice to be in a submerged cultivation state, placing the potted plants in a shady place with sufficient illumination, regularly weighing the pot soil by each group when the water in the potted plants naturally reduces to the G pi, supplementing water as required to enable the pot soil to keep the G pi constant weight, and respectively recording the water supplementing weight of each time according to the group to obtain the accumulated water supplementing amount of each group of single pot; the weight of the pot soil is the total weight of the planting pot and the water-containing soil in the planting pot.
7. The method for evaluating the drought resistance of the rice based on the multi-gradient multi-trait comprehensive drought resistance coefficient as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (3) comprises the following steps:
A. after the rice is mature, harvesting and respectively sampling and testing the experimental group and the control group to respectively obtain various test data of the biological yield of each plant, the seed yield of each plant, the effective spike number of each plant, the solid grain number of each spike and the thousand kernel weight of the experimental group and the control group;
B. respectively calculating the biological yield water utilization efficiency and the seed yield water utilization efficiency of the experimental group and the control group, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
BW is equal to the total plant number of a single pot multiplied by B/total water consumption of the single pot
GW (total weight per pot) multiplied by G/total water consumption per pot
In the formula, BW, B, GW, and G respectively represent biological yield and water utilization efficiency, single plant biological yield, seed yield and water utilization efficiency, and single plant seed yield of the experimental group and the control group, and the total water consumption of a single pot is the initial water content of single pot soil + the cumulative water supplement amount of the single pot-the water content of the single pot soil after harvesting, wherein the method for measuring the water content of the single pot soil after harvesting is the same as the method for measuring the initial water content of the single pot soil.
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