CN110365391B - Diversity receiving method for 5G downlink channel signal - Google Patents

Diversity receiving method for 5G downlink channel signal Download PDF

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CN110365391B
CN110365391B CN201910678493.7A CN201910678493A CN110365391B CN 110365391 B CN110365391 B CN 110365391B CN 201910678493 A CN201910678493 A CN 201910678493A CN 110365391 B CN110365391 B CN 110365391B
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diversity
antenna array
terminal
physical downlink
signal
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CN110365391A (en
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段红光
罗一静
郑建宏
王月
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Chongqing University of Post and Telecommunications
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Chongqing University of Post and Telecommunications
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
    • H04B17/309—Measuring or estimating channel quality parameters
    • H04B17/318—Received signal strength
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0802—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using antenna selection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0802—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using antenna selection
    • H04B7/0825—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using antenna selection with main and with auxiliary or diversity antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0868—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and combining
    • H04B7/088—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and combining using beam selection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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Abstract

The invention relates to a diversity receiving method of a 5G downlink channel signal, belonging to the field of mobile communication. The method comprises the following steps: s1: the terminal starts the receiving modes of all the antenna arrays and calculates the intensity of the receiving signals of the antenna arrays; s2: selecting a main antenna array and determining the incoming wave direction of a base station; s3: the terminal diversity receives different antenna arrays and generates a corresponding shaped receiving matrix according to the incoming wave azimuth angle of the physical downlink signal; s4: and the terminal side uses different antenna arrays to receive physical channel data in a diversity mode, diversity combining processing is carried out by adopting a maximum ratio combining algorithm, and a terminal diversity receiving result is obtained through calculation. The invention improves the receiving gain of the terminal physical downlink signal, can effectively resist the characteristics of poor millimeter wave space propagation and strong directivity, and increases the millimeter wave receiving performance of the terminal.

Description

Diversity receiving method for 5G downlink channel signal
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of mobile communication, relates to a terminal implementation technology in a mobile communication system, and particularly relates to a method for receiving a new wireless (short for 5G NR) downlink signal of a fifth-generation mobile communication system by using a diversity technology at a terminal side.
Background
As wireless mobile communication technology develops, low-frequency band wireless resources have become more scarce. In a 5G NR system, the available frequency band is divided into two frequency ranges, namely frequency range 1 (FR 1), 450MHz to 6000MHz and frequency range 2 (FR 2), 24250MHz to 52600MHz, where the FR2 frequency band is also referred to as the millimeter wave frequency band. The millimeter wave frequency band has high working frequency, large transmission loss in space and short transmission distance, so that the cell coverage radius is small when millimeter wave networking is used, the networking cost of an operator is increased invisibly, and the application of the millimeter wave frequency band in the field of mobile communication is hindered. Although improvements can be made by increasing the base station transmit power and increasing the cell coverage radius, this tends to increase the transmitter power consumption of the cell, and thus the energy consumption of the cell. In recent years, in the field of mobile communication, the electric charge expenditure of base stations has taken up a great cost for network operation.
Although there are various disadvantages in the millimeter wave frequency band, because the frequency is high, the wavelength is short, and only the millimeter level is available, and the antenna array is suitable for transceiving, the beamforming of the antenna array becomes one of the key technologies of the 5G NR system, and because the wavelength of the millimeter wave is short, the application of the antenna array technology to the mobile terminal is possible. Because the mobile terminal is held by a user flexibly, the moving range of the mobile terminal in space is random, the millimeter wave wavelength is short, the diffraction capability is poor, and the probability of shielding a wireless signal is greatly increased, a plurality of antenna arrays are often used for receiving in the FR2 frequency band antenna design of the 5G NR terminal, as shown in FIG. 1. Therefore, no matter how the user holds the mobile terminal or how the terminal randomly moves in space, the antenna array always faces the incoming wave direction of the millimeter wave.
In the current 5G NR signal processing, a base station transmits by using a beamforming method (digital beamforming or analog beamforming). In order to increase the receiving gain, the 5G NR terminal also receives the downlink signal by using a beamforming method. Usually, only one antenna array is used for receiving, but in the design of a 5G NR terminal, as shown in fig. 1, the terminal has more than one antenna array, and the main antenna array receives the downlink signal from the base station, and at the same time, the other antenna arrays also receive the downlink signal from the base station.
Therefore, a receiving method capable of effectively improving the performance of the terminal for receiving the 5G signal is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for diversity reception of 5G downlink channel signals, where in a 5G NR system, when a frequency range 2 (FR 2 for short) is used, the specific frequency range is 24250MHz-52600MHz, multiple antenna arrays exist on a terminal side, each antenna array is in a different or same plane of a terminal, and when the terminal analyzes a physical downlink signal transmitted by a 5G base station, a diversity reception combining manner is adopted to improve the reception performance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for diversity reception of 5G downlink channel signals, specifically a physical channel data reception processing flow, as shown in fig. 3, specifically includes the following steps:
s1: the terminal opens all antenna arrays to receive the physical downlink signals sent by the base station, calculates the received signal intensity of each antenna array, and expresses the received signal intensity of the whole antenna array by adopting the average received signal intensity of each antenna in the antenna arrays; assuming that the terminal has k antenna arrays, the terminal receives k diversity physical downlink signals at the same time; as step 1 in fig. 3;
s2: selecting the antenna array with the maximum received signal strength as a main antenna array, and estimating the incoming wave direction of the physical downlink signal by using the main antenna array to estimate the incoming wave azimuth angle of the physical downlink signal; estimating the incoming wave azimuth angle of the coming physical downlink signal by using the main antenna array, and calculating the incoming wave azimuth angles of other antenna arrays; as shown in steps 2 and 3 in FIG. 3;
s3: according to the incoming wave azimuth angle of each antenna array physical downlink signal, a receiving forming matrix of each antenna array physical downlink signal is obtained and recorded as w rx,1 ,w rx,2 ,…,w rx,k (ii) a Then, the physical downlink signal R received by each antenna array diversity is calculated by using the receiving forming matrix 1 ,R 2 ,…,R k (ii) a As in step 4 of FIG. 3;
s4: selecting diversity data meeting the diversity receiving condition from the received physical downlink signals, and carrying out diversity receiving and merging calculation; as in step 5 of fig. 3;
s5: carrying out Fourier transformation on the physical downlink signal meeting the diversity condition, transforming the physical downlink signal from a time domain to a frequency domain, carrying out continuous FFT calculation to form a complete 5G wireless resource time-frequency resource grid, and separating physical channel data and demodulation reference signal data from the time-frequency resource grid, wherein the physical channel data is marked as y 1 ,y 2 ,…,y k And the demodulation reference signal data is recorded as DMRS 1 ,DMRS 2 ,…,DMRS k (ii) a As in step 6 of fig. 3;
s6: channel estimation is carried out by using demodulation reference signals in the physical downlink signals, and a channel characteristic matrix h corresponding to physical channel data corresponding to each antenna array is estimated 1 ,h 2 ,…,h k Setting a channel characteristic matrix which is not in accordance with diversity combining calculation as a 0 matrix; as in step 7 of fig. 3;
s7: diversity reception of physical channel data y at the terminal side using different antenna arrays 1 ,y 2 ,…,y k Calculating by adopting a diversity reception maximum ratio combining algorithm to obtain a terminal diversity reception result; as shown in step 8 of fig. 3.
Further, in the step S1, it is assumed that the received signal strength indicator of each antenna is rssi i Then the received signal strength of the entire antenna array is expressed as:
Figure BDA0002144046820000031
wherein i =1,2, …, N r ，N r Is the number of antennas of the antenna array.
Further, in step S2, the main antenna array is selected, the terminal performs beam scanning and tracking by using demodulation reference signal data to determine an incoming wave direction of the base station, and when an incoming wave azimuth angle of a physical downlink signal sent by the base station in one antenna array is determined, it is assumed that a vertical and horizontal included angle between the incoming wave direction and the antenna array is
Figure BDA0002144046820000032
The terminal calculates the azimuth angle of the incoming wave direction of the physical downlink signal of other antenna arrays by using the coordinate relationship between different antenna arrays, and records the azimuth angle as the azimuth angle
Figure BDA0002144046820000033
Figure BDA0002144046820000034
And k is the number of antenna arrays used for receiving by the terminal, and is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
Further, in step S5, the physical channel data
Figure BDA0002144046820000035
Wherein n is k Representing white Gaussian noise, x is the physical downlink signal sent by the base station, W tx Transmitting a beamforming matrix for a base station, H k For the spatial channel matrix of the transmit antenna array to the kth receive antenna array, the order
Figure BDA0002144046820000036
Estimation of physical channel data y using demodulation reference signal data for signal estimation 1 ,y 2 ,…,y k Corresponding channel characteristic h 1 ,h 2 ,…,h k 。
Further, in step S7, the diversity reception calculation formula is expressed as:
Figure BDA0002144046820000037
wherein
Figure BDA0002144046820000038
For diversity combining the weighting matrices, y = (y) 1 ,y 2 ,…,y k ) T The superscript T represents the matrix transposition operation; when in use
Figure BDA0002144046820000039
Under the conditions of
Figure BDA00021440468200000310
When the signal-to-noise ratio of the signals obtained by diversity reception and combination is maximum, the diversity reception result of the terminal is as follows:
Figure BDA00021440468200000311
wherein h = (h) 1 ,h 2 ,…,h k ) T The superscript T denotes the transpose operation, the superscript H identifies the conjugate transpose operation, and n is gaussian white noise.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) For a terminal supporting an FR2 frequency band, a plurality of antenna arrays are arranged in the terminal to receive physical downlink signals, the invention provides a method for selecting the antenna arrays, namely, the antenna array with the strongest received signal is selected as a main antenna array for use;
(2) In the conventional physical downlink signal receiving, only the physical downlink signal received by the main antenna array is usually used, and the signals received by other antenna arrays are discarded;
(3) The invention adopts a diversity combining algorithm to process physical downlink signal reception, effectively resists the characteristics of poor millimeter wave space propagation and strong directivity, and increases the millimeter wave receiving performance of the terminal.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out hereinafter.
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For the purposes of promoting a better understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the invention, reference will now be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional antenna alignment for a 5G NR terminal;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of diversity reception of a 5G physical downlink signal;
fig. 3 is a flow chart of a process of receiving and processing a PDSCH of a 5G physical downlink channel in the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of a 5G base station sending a PDSCH of a physical downlink shared channel;
fig. 5 is a flowchart of diversity reception of a PDSCH of a physical downlink shared channel by a 5G terminal;
fig. 6 is a mathematical model of diversity reception of a PDSCH of a physical downlink shared channel by a 5G terminal;
fig. 7 is a flowchart of a process of receiving and processing a PDSCH of a 5G physical downlink shared channel in an embodiment;
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention in a schematic way, and the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.
The physical downlink signal transmission and reception process in the present invention is shown in fig. 2. The 5G NR system works in an FR2 frequency band, and a base station sends a physical downlink signal (including physical channel data and demodulation reference signal data), loads the physical downlink signal to a base station antenna array through a radio frequency channel, and sends the physical downlink signal out after shaping by the base station antenna array. There are multiple antenna arrays (assumed to be k groups) on the terminal side, each antenna array receives the physical downlink signal from the base station by using its own beamforming reception mode, and each received physical downlink signal is a receive diversity. And combining the received k groups of physical downlink signals by adopting a maximum ratio combining algorithm, and then continuing the demodulation process of the physical channel data at the terminal.
Referring to fig. 4 to 5, a process of receiving a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) in a 5G NR system is specifically explained. The signal transmitted on the physical channel PDSCH is referred to as a physical downlink shared channel signal (PDSCH signal), and the PDSCH signal content includes PDSCH channel Data (PDSCH Data) and demodulation reference signal Data (PDSCH DMRS) of the PDSCH.
As shown in fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic block diagram of a base station (gnnodeb) transmitting PDSCH signals in a 5G NR system, and the process flow of the base station transmitting downlink PDSCH signals is as follows:
step 1: in the 5G NR system, transmission between a base station and a terminal may use one codeword (codeword) or two codewords, and codeword data is subjected to layer mapping after channel coding and channel modulation.
And 2, step: the purpose of layer mapping is to divide PDSCH Data into multiple layers for transmission, as required by the third generation partnership project (3 GPP) standards. In the transmission process, the base station distributes an independent PDSCH DMRS for each layer of data, and then the layer of data and the corresponding PDSCH DMRS are mapped to a time-frequency resource grid of 5G NR at the same time.
And step 3: each layer of data generates a corresponding time-frequency resource grid, and is transmitted at a logical antenna port, firstly, the frequency domain signal is converted into a time domain signal through inverse Fourier transform (IFFT), and is loaded on the logical port of the base station antenna, and the time domain signal is transmitted to the air by the antenna of the base station in a whole column through a radio frequency channel.
Fig. 5 is a functional block diagram of a terminal receiving a PDSCH signal in the 5G NR system. In this embodiment, a schematic diagram that the terminal uses 2 antenna arrays to receive downlink PDSCH signals is given, and 2-way diversity reception is used for combining. The processing flow of the terminal for receiving the PDSCH signal is as follows:
step 1: the terminal adopts an antenna array to receive PDSCH signals from the base station, firstly selects the antenna array with the strongest received signal as a main antenna array, and then adopts the antenna array to estimate the incoming wave azimuth angle of downlink PDSCH signals. And estimating the incoming wave azimuth angles of downlink PDSCH signals of other antenna arrays according to the spatial position relation of the 2 antenna arrays.
Step 2: and calculating a receiving beam forming matrix of the receiving antenna array by utilizing the estimated incoming wave azimuth angle of the downlink PDSCH signal of each antenna array, thereby calculating the downlink PDSCH signal received by each antenna array, wherein each path of PDSCH signal is a path of diversity combining signal.
And step 3: and performing Fourier transform (FFT) on the downlink PDSCH signal to obtain time-frequency resource grid Data, and extracting PDSCH Data and PDSCH DMRS Data from the time-frequency resource grid. And estimating a channel matrix of the PDSCH Data by using the demodulation reference signal of the PDSCH for channel estimation. In this step, PDSCH DMRS used for channel estimation by different antenna arrays are the same, i.e., corresponding to PDSCH DMRS signal of the layer.
And 4, step 4: diversity combining is performed using the diversity received channel matrix and PDSCH Data.
And 5: and performing signal demodulation and channel decoding on the diversity combined data to obtain a PDSCH data block sent by the base station.
Fig. 6 is a mathematical model of a diversity reception physical downlink shared channel PDSCH of a 5G terminal, explaining a specific process of signal processing in this embodiment:
let x be the base station transmitting the PDSCH signal, W tx Sending a forming matrix, H, for a base station k For the spatial channel matrix between the transmit and receive antenna arrays, where k is the number of receive antenna arrays, which is chosen to be 2,W in this embodiment rx Receiving a forming matrix, y, for a terminal antenna array 1 ,y 2 ,…,y k For received PDSCH diversity data, w c o mb The matrix is a diversity combining matrix, n is Gaussian white noise, and Y is a terminal diversity receiving result.
Assuming that the terminal uses the DMRS to perform channel estimation, obtaining a channel matrix of PDSCH data:
Figure BDA0002144046820000061
Figure BDA0002144046820000062
in this embodiment of the present invention,
Figure BDA0002144046820000063
wherein W rx And the terminal calculates the azimuth angle of the incoming wave. In the process of PDSCH downlink signal transmission, PDSCH Data and PDSCH DMRS Data are in the same time-frequency resource grid and pass through the same sending forming matrix, spatial channel and receiving beam forming matrix, so that PDSCH DMRS Data can be used for estimating the channel transmission characteristic h of PDSCH Data k . In this embodiment, h obtained when DMRS is used for channel estimation k The channel characteristics already include W rx ，W tx And H k And (4) information.
y k ＝h k x+n k (3)
Expressed in a matrix manner as:
y＝hx+n (4)
the calculation formula for maximum ratio diversity combining is as follows:
Figure BDA0002144046820000064
wherein w 1 ,w 2 ,…,w k The weighting coefficients are combined for the diversity of the different diversity branches.
Figure BDA0002144046820000065
The simplified description using the matrix is as follows:
Figure BDA0002144046820000071
wherein
Figure BDA0002144046820000072
Substituting the formula (4) into the formula (7),
Figure BDA0002144046820000073
when in use
Figure BDA0002144046820000074
Under the conditions that
Figure BDA0002144046820000075
And then, the signal-to-noise ratio of the signals obtained by diversity reception and combination is maximum, and the terminal diversity reception result is as follows:
Figure BDA0002144046820000076
fig. 7 is a flow chart of a process of receiving PDSCH of a 5G physical downlink shared channel, where the process of performing PDSCH diversity reception of the physical downlink shared channel in an actual terminal specifically includes the following steps:
step 1: the terminal opens up a receiving antenna array that can be used, in this embodiment, both antenna arrays are in a receiving state. As in step 1 of fig. 7.
Step 2: the signal strength of each antenna received by the antenna array is calculated (before or after the antenna array phase shifter), and the received signal strength of the antenna array is calculated in an averaging mode. Suppose the antenna array has N r A root antenna, each antenna receiving a received signal strength indication (rssi) of rssi i Where i =1,2, …, N r . Then the received signal strength of the antenna array is calculated as:
Figure BDA0002144046820000077
selecting the antenna array with the maximum received signal strength as a main antenna array, using the main antenna array to estimate the incoming wave direction of the PDSCH signal, and estimating the incoming wave azimuth angle of the PDSCH signal, and recording the estimated incoming wave azimuth angle as the PDSCH signal
Figure BDA0002144046820000078
As shown in step 2 of fig. 7.
And step 3: since the position relationship of different antenna arrays of the terminal is fixed, the incoming wave azimuth angle of the PDSCH signal relative to other antenna arrays is estimated according to the main antenna array, and it is assumed that the incoming wave azimuth angles of the two antenna arrays in this embodiment are
Figure BDA0002144046820000079
And
Figure BDA00021440468200000710
because the base station is far away from the terminal, the incoming wave azimuth angles of the two antenna arrays in the same plane are the same. The relationship between the incoming wave azimuth angles of any two antenna arrays can be expressed as
θ i ＝l i *θ+θ i0
Figure BDA00021440468200000711
Where i is the number of the antenna array, l i ,m i ,θ i0 ,
Figure BDA00021440468200000712
These parameters are determined when the terminal designs the position of the antenna array for the positional relationship between the different antenna arrays. As shown in step 3 of fig. 7.
And 4, step 4: according to the design of the forming matrix of each antenna array, the corresponding incoming wave direction in the PDSCH signal is calculated
Figure BDA0002144046820000081
Receive beamforming matrix W of antenna array 1 rx，1 The direction of the incoming wave is
Figure BDA0002144046820000082
Receive beamforming matrix W of antenna array 2 rx,2 . The step is mainly used for ensuring that the receiving and forming direction of the antenna array is the same as the incoming wave direction of the PDSCH signals, so that the strength is maximum after the antenna array signals are combined. As shown in step 4 of fig. 7.
In this embodiment, the received signal strength of the two antenna arrays can be expressed as:
PDSCH signal
Figure BDA0002144046820000083
PDSCH signal
Figure BDA0002144046820000084
Where n is white gaussian noise, as shown in step 5 of fig. 7.
And 5: diversity signals R received by two antenna arrays of terminal 1 ，R 2 I.e. PDSCH signals, in which R 1 ，R 2 The Data comprises PDSCH Data and PDSCH DMRS time domain Data, R received by the antenna array 1 ，R 2 And respectively carrying out FFT calculation to obtain a 5G time-frequency resource grid. Extracting PDSCH Data diversity Data y from time-frequency resource grid 1 ，y 2 And PDSCH DMRS data PDSCH DMRS 1 ，PDSCH DMRS 2 . As shown in step 6 of fig. 7.
PDSCH Data diversity Data and PDSCH DMRS Data transmit forming matrix W through same base station tx A wireless air channel H and the same receiving forming matrix W rx The channel estimation is performed using PDSCH DMRS to estimate the transmission channel characteristic h of PDSCH Data diversity Data.
PDSCH Data diversity Data calculation expression:
PDSCH Data diversity y 1 ＝h 1 x+n 1
PDSCH Data diversity y 2 ＝h 2 x+n 2
In this embodiment, h 1 The channel characteristics are given by PDSCH DMRS 1 Channel estimation is given by 2 The channel characteristics are represented by PDSCH DMRS 2 And estimating the channel. As shown in step 7 of fig. 5.
And step 8: and carrying out merging calculation on the PDSCH Data by using a maximum ratio algorithm in diversity reception. According to the PDSCH Data obtained after the maximum ratio combining algorithm in the diversity reception:
Figure BDA0002144046820000085
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002144046820000086
as shown in step 8 of fig. 7.
And step 9: and finally, demodulating and channel decoding the PDSCH Data Y to obtain a PDSCH Data block sent by the base station.
In this embodiment, only the diversity reception processing procedure of the base station transmitting one layer of PDSCH Data is given, and according to the 3GPP standard, for the same terminal, PDSCH channel Data transmitted by the base station may be mapped to 1,2,4,8 layer for transmission, and may also be processed by using the antenna array diversity reception method. Since the processing principle and process of each layer of data are the same in the process of receiving PDSCH signals by using the antenna array, they are not described one by one.
Finally, the above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all of them should be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A method for diversity reception of 5G downlink channel signals, the method comprising the steps of:
s1: the terminal opens all antenna arrays to receive the physical downlink signals sent by the base station, calculates the received signal intensity of each antenna array, and expresses the received signal intensity of the whole antenna array by adopting the average received signal intensity of each antenna in the antenna arrays; assuming that the terminal has k antenna arrays, the terminal receives k diversity physical downlink signals at the same time;
s2: selecting the antenna array with the maximum received signal strength as a main antenna array, and estimating the incoming wave direction of the physical downlink signal by using the main antenna array to estimate the incoming wave azimuth angle of the physical downlink signal; estimating the incoming wave azimuth angle of the physical downlink signal by using the main antenna array, and calculating the incoming wave azimuth angles of other antenna arrays;
s3: according to the incoming wave azimuth angle of each antenna array physical downlink signal, a receiving forming matrix, denoted as w, of each antenna array physical downlink signal is obtained rx,1 ,w rx,2 ,…,w rx,k (ii) a Then, the physical downlink signal R received by each antenna array diversity is calculated by using the receiving forming matrix 1 ,R 2 ,…,R k ；
S4: selecting diversity data meeting the diversity receiving condition from the received physical downlink signals, and carrying out diversity receiving and merging calculation;
s5: fourier transform is carried out on the physical downlink signal meeting the diversity condition, the physical downlink signal is transformed into a frequency domain from a time domain, continuous FFT calculation is carried out, and a complete 5 is formedG radio resource time-frequency resource grid, and separating physical channel data and demodulation reference signal data from the G radio resource time-frequency resource grid, wherein the physical channel data is marked as y 1 ,y 2 ,…,y k And the demodulation reference signal data is recorded as DMRS 1 ,DMRS 2 ,…,DMRS k ；
S6: channel estimation is carried out by using demodulation reference signals in the physical downlink signals, and a channel characteristic matrix h corresponding to physical channel data corresponding to each antenna array is estimated 1 ,h 2 ,…,h k Setting a channel characteristic matrix which is not in accordance with diversity combining calculation as a 0 matrix;
s7: diversity reception of physical channel data y at the terminal side using different antenna arrays 1 ,y 2 ,…,y k Calculating by adopting a maximum ratio diversity combining algorithm to obtain a terminal diversity receiving result;
the calculation formula of the maximum ratio diversity combining is expressed as:
Figure FDA0003824535020000011
wherein
Figure FDA0003824535020000012
For diversity combining the weighting matrices, y = (y) 1 ,y 2 ,…,y k ) T The superscript T denotes the transpose operation; when in use
Figure FDA0003824535020000013
Under the conditions that
Figure FDA0003824535020000014
When the signal-to-noise ratio of the signals obtained by diversity reception and combination is the maximum, the diversity reception result of the terminal is as follows:
Figure FDA0003824535020000021
wherein h = (h) 1 ,h 2 ,…,h k ) T The superscript T denotes the transpose operation, the superscript H identifies the conjugate transpose operation, and n is gaussian white noise.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S1, the rssi is assumed to be the received signal strength indicator of each antenna i Then the received signal strength of the entire antenna array is expressed as:
Figure FDA0003824535020000022
wherein i =1,2, …, N r ，N r Is the number of antennas of the antenna array.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S2, the main antenna array is selected, the terminal performs beam scanning and tracking using demodulation reference signal data to determine an incoming wave direction of the base station, and when an incoming wave azimuth angle of a physical downlink signal transmitted by the base station in one antenna array is determined, it is assumed that a vertical and a horizontal included angle between the incoming wave direction and the antenna array is equal to
Figure FDA0003824535020000023
The terminal calculates the azimuth angle of the incoming wave direction of the physical downlink signal of other antenna arrays by using the coordinate relationship between different antenna arrays, and records the azimuth angle as the azimuth angle
Figure FDA0003824535020000024
And k is the number of antenna arrays used for receiving by the terminal, and is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S5, the physical channel data is received in diversity mode
Figure FDA0003824535020000025
Wherein n is k Representing white Gaussian noise, x is a physical downlink signal sent by a base station, W tx Transmitting a beamforming matrix for a base station, H k For the spatial channel matrix of the transmit antenna array to the kth receive antenna array, the order
Figure FDA0003824535020000026
Estimation of physical channel data y using demodulation reference signal data for signal estimation 1 ,y 2 ,…,y k Corresponding channel characteristic h 1 ,h 2 ,…,h k 。
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