CN110361110B - Method for correcting deviation of glass liquid thermometer - Google Patents
Method for correcting deviation of glass liquid thermometer Download PDFInfo
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- CN110361110B CN110361110B CN201910654250.XA CN201910654250A CN110361110B CN 110361110 B CN110361110 B CN 110361110B CN 201910654250 A CN201910654250 A CN 201910654250A CN 110361110 B CN110361110 B CN 110361110B
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of instruments. The invention relates to a method for correcting the deviation of a glass liquid thermometer, which comprises the steps of vertically inserting a standard thermometer and a measured thermometer into a thermostatic container according to the specified immersion requirement, respectively measuring the arithmetic mean value of the temperature deviation of the standard thermometer and the arithmetic mean value of the temperature deviation of the measured thermometer corresponding to each temperature point, and then calculating the temperature deviation correction value of the exposed liquid column of the measured thermometer, thereby calculating the correction value of the deviation of the measured thermometer and improving the problem of inaccurate measurement of the thermometer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of instruments, in particular to a method for correcting deviation of a glass liquid thermometer.
Background
The glass liquid thermometer measures the temperature by utilizing the thermal expansion and contraction of the temperature sensing liquid in the transparent glass temperature sensing bulb and capillary vessel along with the change of the temperature of the measured medium, and can be divided into a high-precision thermometer and a common thermometer according to the accuracy grade, and can be divided into a full immersion type thermometer and a partial immersion type thermometer according to the immersion mode. The glass liquid thermometer has deviation in scale value after being used for many times, and the measured temperature has great error due to the limitation of the measured position, the unadjustable temperature or misoperation and the fact that the measured temperature is measured in full immersion or partial immersion mode according to the specified requirements, so that a deviation correction method is needed to enable the measurement result to be more accurate.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Based on the problems, the invention provides a method for correcting the deviation of a glass liquid thermometer, so that the measurement of the thermometer is more accurate.
(II) technical scheme
In view of the above technical problem, the present invention provides a method for correcting a deviation of a glass liquid thermometer, comprising:
s1, selecting temperature detection points of the thermometer according to the division value of the thermometer to be measured, wherein the high-precision thermometer uses a standard platinum resistance thermometer and a matched electric measuring device as a standard thermometer, and the common thermometer uses a standard mercury thermometer as a standard thermometer;
s2, vertically inserting the standard thermometer and the measured thermometer into the thermostatic container according to the specified immersion requirement, taking a zero point as a boundary, and carrying out point by point in the upper limit or lower limit direction, and if the measured thermometer has the zero point, firstly detecting the zero point;
s3, after the thermometer is inserted into a constant temperature container and stabilized for more than 10min, the reading is started, the reading of the high-precision thermometer is carried out for four times, the reading of the ordinary thermometer is carried out for two times, and the arithmetic mean of the temperature deviation of the standard thermometer corresponding to each temperature point is respectively calculated
And the arithmetic mean value of the temperature deviation of each measured thermometer
S4, calculating the temperature deviation correction value delta of the exposed liquid column of the thermometert：
S4.1, if the measured thermometer is inserted into the thermostatic container according to the specified immersion requirement, correcting value delta of temperature deviationt＝0；
S4.2, if the measured thermometer is a full immersion thermometer, the full immersion thermometer is used in a partial immersion mode under special conditions, the height of the exposed liquid column exceeds 10mm, and the temperature deviation correction value of the exposed liquid column is calculated according to the following formula:
Δt＝k*n*(t0-t1)，
wherein k is the apparent expansion coefficient of the temperature sensing liquid in the thermometer, n is the reading of the exposed liquid column, t1To expose the average temperature of the liquid column, t0The temperature displayed by the measured thermometer;
s4.3, if the measured thermometer is a local immersion type thermometer, exposing the average temperature t of the liquid column1The temperature deviation of the thermometer was corrected for a temperature other than 25 ℃ according to the following formula:
Δt＝k*n*(25-t1)；
s4.4, if the measured thermometer is a local immersion type thermometer, exposing the ambient temperature t of the liquid column2The temperature deviation of the thermometer was corrected for a temperature other than 25 ℃ according to the following formula:
Δt＝k*n*(25-t2)；
s5, calculating a correction value of the measured thermometer:
s5.1, the temperature deviation of the measured thermometer after the exposed liquid column correction is
S5.2, if the standard platinum resistance thermometer is used as the standard, the deviation between the actual temperature value and the nominal temperature value of the measured point is
If the standard mercury thermometer is used as the standard, the deviation between the actual temperature value and the nominal temperature value of the measured point is
S5.3, if the thermometer is a full immersion thermometer: correction value of measured temperature meter
If the thermometer is a local immersion thermometer: correction value of measured temperature meter
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the average value of the temperature deviation of the measured thermometer,
is the mean value of the temperature deviation of a standard thermometer, DeltatsIs the deviation correction value of the standard thermometer, t is the nominal temperature value of the measured point,
is the actual temperature value.
Further, in the temperature detection points described in step S1, the interval between the detection points to be selected is determined according to the division value of the thermometer, when the division value is greater than or equal to 0.01 and less than or equal to 1, the interval between the detection points to be selected is ten times the division value, and when the division value is greater than 1 and less than or equal to 5, the interval between the detection points to be selected is 100; if the number of the detection points is less than three according to the division value, a lower limit point, an upper limit point and a point with a scale value in the middle are selected as three temperature detection points.
Further, the specified immersion requirement in step S2 is: the insertion depth of a standard platinum resistance thermometer is at least 250mm, the height of a liquid column exposed by a full immersion type thermometer is not more than 10mm, a local immersion type thermometer is inserted into a constant temperature container according to the requirement of an immersion mark, the average temperature of the exposed liquid column is 25 ℃, and the ambient temperature is 25 ℃.
Further, the temperature of the thermostatic vessel described in step S2 has the following requirements: taking a standard thermometer as a standard, when the high-precision thermometer is detected to start reading, the actual temperature of the thermostatic container deviates from a detection point by no more than 0.1 ℃; when the reading of the ordinary thermometer is detected, the actual temperature of the thermostatic container deviates from the detection point by no more than 0.2 ℃.
Furthermore, the thermostatic container has the following requirements: the thermostatic container at zero point is a water three-phase point bottle or a freezing point device, and the thermostatic container at non-zero point is a thermostatic bath capable of changing temperature.
Further, the average temperature t of the exposed liquid column in step S4.31The detection method comprises the following steps: in the detection of the local immersion type high-precision thermometer, an auxiliary thermometer and a measured thermometer are bound together, so that a temperature sensing bulb of the auxiliary thermometer is fully contacted with the measured thermometer, the bottom of the temperature sensing bulb of the auxiliary thermometer is placed at 1/4 on the lower part of the measured thermometer exposed out of a liquid column, and the average temperature t of the measured thermometer exposed out of the liquid column is measured1。
Further, the auxiliary thermometer should meet the following requirements: the temperature measuring range is 0-50 ℃, the division value is 1 ℃, the temperature sensing liquid is mercury, the total length is 150mm, the height of the temperature sensing bulb is 10-15 mm, the diameter is 6.0-6.5 mm, and the immersion mode is full immersion.
Preferably, the correction value of the measured thermometer in step S5.3 should be corrected to about 1/10 bits of the division value.
Further, the actual temperature value in step S5.3
And calculating according to the newly measured water three-phase point value of the standard platinum resistor.
(III) advantageous effects
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
(1) when the temperature meter to be measured is inserted into the thermostatic container according to the specified immersion mode, the height of the exposed liquid column, the average temperature of the exposed liquid column and the ambient temperature of the exposed liquid column, the correction method respectively gives out temperature deviation correction values, so that the glass liquid thermometer can adapt to the industrial requirements of different conditions, has a wider application range and can obtain an accurate temperature value;
(2) the temperature deviation of the standard thermometer is considered, so that the correction value of the measured thermometer is more accurate;
(3) the correction method provides a method for selecting temperature detection points according to the division value of the thermometer and a selection method when the number of the temperature detection points selected by the method is less than three, so that the data obtained by the correction method is more representative, and the corrected value is more accurate;
(4) the correction method distinguishes the selection and the reading times of the standard thermometers of the high-precision thermometer and the common thermometer respectively, and meets the requirement of the precision of the thermometers.
Drawings
The features and advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood by reference to the accompanying drawings, which are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way, and in which:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for correcting a deviation of a glass liquid thermometer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
A method for correcting deviation of a glass liquid thermometer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting temperature detection points of the thermometer according to the division value of the thermometer to be measured, wherein the high-precision thermometer uses a standard platinum resistance thermometer and a matched electric measuring device as a standard thermometer, and the common thermometer uses a standard mercury thermometer as a standard thermometer;
when the division value is more than or equal to 0.01 and less than or equal to 1, the interval of the detection points is selected to be ten times of the division value, and when the division value is more than 1 and less than or equal to 5, the interval of the detection points is selected to be 100; if the number of the detection points is less than three according to the division value, a lower limit point, an upper limit point and a point with a scale value in the middle are selected as three temperature detection points.
S2, vertically inserting the standard thermometer and the measured thermometer into the thermostatic container according to the specified immersion requirement, taking a zero point as a boundary, and carrying out point by point in the upper limit or lower limit direction, and if the measured thermometer has the zero point, firstly detecting the zero point; the thermostatic container at the zero point is a water three-phase point bottle or a freezing point device, and the thermostatic container at the non-zero point is a thermostatic bath capable of changing the temperature;
the specified immersion requirements are: the insertion depth of a standard platinum resistance thermometer is at least 250mm, the height of a liquid column exposed by a full immersion type thermometer is not more than 10mm, an office immersion type thermometer is inserted into a constant temperature container according to the requirement of an immersion mark, the average temperature of the exposed liquid column is 25 ℃, and the environmental temperature is 25 ℃;
the temperature of the constant temperature container has the following requirements: taking a standard thermometer as a standard, when the high-precision thermometer is detected to start reading, the actual temperature of the thermostatic container deviates from a detection point by no more than 0.1 ℃; when the reading of the ordinary thermometer is detected, the actual temperature of the thermostatic container deviates from the detection point by no more than 0.2 ℃.
S3, after the thermometer is inserted into a constant temperature container and stabilized for more than 10min, starting reading, firstly reading the deviation of the standard thermometer, then reading the deviation of the measured thermometers, then reading back to the standard according to the reverse sequence, if a plurality of measured thermometers exist, the sequence is standard-measured 1-measured 2- … -measured n-measuredMeasuring n- … -measured 2-measured 1-standard, reading four times with high-precision thermometer, reading twice with ordinary thermometer, and calculating the arithmetic mean of the temperature deviation of standard thermometer corresponding to each temperature point
And the arithmetic mean value of the temperature deviation of each measured thermometer
The high-precision glass liquid thermometer needs to be tapped before reading, the sight line is kept at the same horizontal plane with the upper end face of a temperature sensing liquid column of the glass thermometer during reading, the deviation between the highest position (mercury thermometer) or the lowest position (organic liquid thermometer) of the upper end face of the temperature sensing liquid column and a temperature scale line of a measured point is read, one tenth of the scale value is estimated, the reading needs to be rapid and accurate, and the time interval needs to be uniform.
S4, calculating the temperature correction value delta of the exposed liquid column of the thermometert：
S4.1, if the measured thermometer is inserted into the thermostatic container according to the specified immersion requirement, correcting value delta of temperature deviationt＝0；
S4.2, if the measured thermometer is a full immersion thermometer, the full immersion thermometer is used in a partial immersion mode under special conditions, the height of the exposed liquid column exceeds 10mm, and the temperature deviation correction value of the exposed liquid column is calculated according to the following formula:
Δt＝k*n*(t0-t1)，
wherein k is the apparent expansion coefficient of the temperature sensing liquid in the thermometer, n is the reading of the exposed liquid column, t1To expose the average temperature of the liquid column, t0Is the temperature indicated by the measured thermometer;
s4.3, if the measured thermometer is a local immersion type thermometer, exposing the average temperature t of the liquid column1The temperature deviation of the thermometer was corrected for a temperature other than 25 ℃ according to the following formula:
Δt＝k*n*(25-t1)；
average temperature t of exposed liquid column1The detection method comprises the following steps: in-detection local immersion type high precisionIn the temperature measurement, the auxiliary thermometer and the measured thermometer are bound together, so that the temperature sensing bulb of the auxiliary thermometer is fully contacted with the measured thermometer, the bottom of the temperature sensing bulb of the auxiliary thermometer is arranged at the 1/4 position of the lower part of the measured thermometer exposed out of the liquid column, and the average temperature t of the measured thermometer exposed out of the liquid column is measured1(ii) a The auxiliary thermometer should meet the following requirements: the temperature measuring range is 0-50 ℃, the division value is 1 ℃, the temperature sensing liquid is mercury, the total length is 150mm, the height of the temperature sensing bulb is 10-15 mm, the diameter is 6.0-6.5 mm, and the immersion mode is full immersion;
s4.4, if the measured thermometer is a local immersion type thermometer, exposing the ambient temperature t of the liquid column2The temperature deviation of the thermometer was corrected for a temperature other than 25 ℃ according to the following formula:
Δt＝k*n*(25-t2)；
s5, calculating a correction value of the measured thermometer:
s5.1, the temperature deviation of the measured thermometer after the exposed liquid column correction is
S5.2, if the standard platinum resistance thermometer is used as the standard, the deviation between the actual temperature value and the nominal temperature value of the measured point is
If the standard mercury thermometer is used as the standard, the deviation between the actual temperature value and the nominal temperature value of the measured point is
S5.3, if the thermometer is a full immersion thermometer: correction value of measured temperature meter
If the thermometer is a local immersion thermometer: correction value of measured temperature meter
The correction value of the measured thermometer is corrected to 1/10 bits of the division value;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the average value of the temperature deviation of the measured thermometer,
is the mean value of the temperature deviation of a standard thermometer, DeltatsIs the deviation correction value of the standard thermometer, t is the nominal temperature value of the measured point,
and the actual temperature value is calculated according to the newly measured water three-phase point value of the standard platinum resistor.
After each use of the standard mercury thermometer, the zero point position of the standard mercury thermometer should be measured in a frozen water three-phase point bottle or freezer, and if the zero point position changes, the deviation correction value of the new standard mercury thermometer at each temperature point should be calculated using the following formula:
the new deviation correction value of the standard mercury thermometer is equal to the original certificate deviation correction value + (zero point position after detection of the upper limit temperature in the original certificate — zero point position after detection of the newly measured upper limit temperature).
After each use of a standard platinum resistance thermometer, the water three-phase point value should be measured in a frozen water three-phase point bottle using the same electrical measuring equipment. And calculating the actual temperature according to the newly measured water three-phase point value.
In summary, by the correction method for the deviation of the glass liquid thermometer, the glass liquid thermometer can be normally used when the glass liquid thermometer is immersed in a deviation, in an immersion mode not according to requirements and at a standard environment temperature not according to requirements, can meet the industrial requirements of different conditions, is wide in application range, can obtain an accurate temperature value, and reduces errors.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art may make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and variations fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for correcting deviation of a glass liquid thermometer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting temperature detection points of the thermometer according to the division value of the thermometer to be measured, wherein the high-precision thermometer uses a standard platinum resistance thermometer and a matched electric measuring device as a standard thermometer, and the common thermometer uses a standard mercury thermometer as the standard thermometer;
the temperature detection points are determined according to the division values of the thermometer, the interval of the selected detection points is ten times of the division values when the division values are more than or equal to 0.01 and less than or equal to 1, and the interval of the selected detection points is 100 when the division values are more than 1 and less than or equal to 5; if the number of the detection points is less than three according to the division value, selecting a lower limit point, an upper limit point and a point with a scale value in the middle as three temperature detection points;
s2, vertically inserting the standard thermometer and the measured thermometer into the thermostatic container according to the specified immersion requirement, taking a zero point as a boundary, and carrying out point by point in the upper limit or lower limit direction, and if the measured thermometer has the zero point, firstly detecting the zero point;
s3, after the thermometer is inserted into a constant temperature container and stabilized for more than 10min, the reading is started, the reading of the high-precision thermometer is carried out for four times, the reading of the ordinary thermometer is carried out for two times, and the arithmetic mean of the temperature deviation of the standard thermometer corresponding to each temperature point is respectively calculated
And the arithmetic mean value of the temperature deviation of each measured thermometer
S4, calculating the temperature deviation correction value delta of the exposed liquid column of the thermometert：
S4.1, if the measured thermometer is inserted into the thermostatic container according to the specified immersion requirement, correcting value delta of temperature deviationt＝0；
S4.2, if the measured thermometer is a full immersion thermometer, the full immersion thermometer is used in local immersion, the height of the exposed liquid column exceeds 10mm, and the temperature deviation correction value of the exposed liquid column is calculated according to the following formula:
Δt＝k*n*(t0-t1)，
wherein k is the apparent expansion coefficient of the temperature sensing liquid in the thermometer, n is the reading of the exposed liquid column, t1To expose the average temperature of the liquid column, t0The temperature displayed by the measured thermometer;
s4.3, if the measured thermometer is a local immersion type thermometer, exposing the average temperature t of the liquid column1The temperature deviation of the thermometer was corrected for a temperature other than 25 ℃ according to the following formula:
Δt＝k*n*(25-t1)；
s4.4, if the measured thermometer is a local immersion type thermometer, exposing the ambient temperature t of the liquid column2The temperature deviation of the thermometer was corrected for a temperature other than 25 ℃ according to the following formula:
Δt＝k*n*(25-t2)；
s5, calculating a correction value of the measured thermometer:
s5.1, the temperature deviation of the measured thermometer after the exposed liquid column correction is
S5.2, if the standard platinum resistance thermometer is used as the standard, the deviation between the actual temperature value and the nominal temperature value of the measured point is
If the standard mercury thermometer is used as the standard, the deviation between the actual temperature value and the nominal temperature value of the measured point is
S5.3, if the thermometer is a full immersion thermometer: correction value of measured temperature meter
If the thermometer is a local immersion thermometer: correction value of measured temperature meter
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the average value of the temperature deviation of the measured thermometer,
is the mean value of the temperature deviation of a standard thermometer, DeltatsIs the deviation correction value of the standard thermometer, t is the nominal temperature value of the measured point,
is the actual temperature value.
2. The method for correcting the deviation of the glass liquid thermometer according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined immersion requirement in step S2 is: the insertion depth of a standard platinum resistance thermometer is at least 250mm, the height of a liquid column exposed by a full immersion type thermometer is not more than 10mm, a local immersion type thermometer is inserted into a constant temperature container according to the requirement of an immersion mark, the average temperature of the exposed liquid column is 25 ℃, and the ambient temperature is 25 ℃.
3. The method for correcting the deviation of a glass liquid thermometer according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the thermostatic vessel in step S2 is required to be as follows: taking a standard thermometer as a standard, when the high-precision thermometer is detected to start reading, the actual temperature of the thermostatic container deviates from a detection point by no more than 0.1 ℃; when the reading of the ordinary thermometer is detected, the actual temperature of the thermostatic container deviates from the detection point by no more than 0.2 ℃.
4. A method for correcting drift of a glass-liquid thermometer according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein said thermostatic vessel has the following requirements: the thermostatic container at zero point is a water three-phase point bottle or a freezing point device, and the thermostatic container at non-zero point is a thermostatic bath capable of changing temperature.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the average temperature t of the exposed liquid column in step S4.3 is1The detection method comprises the following steps: in the detection of the local immersion type thermometer, the auxiliary thermometer and the measured thermometer are bound together, the temperature sensing bulb of the auxiliary thermometer is fully contacted with the measured thermometer, the bottom of the temperature sensing bulb of the auxiliary thermometer is arranged at the position 1/4 at which the measured thermometer is exposed out of the liquid column, and the average temperature t of the measured thermometer exposed out of the liquid column is measured1。
6. The method for correcting deviation of a glass liquid thermometer according to claim 5, wherein the auxiliary thermometer satisfies the following requirements: the temperature measuring range is 0-50 ℃, the division value is 1 ℃, the temperature sensing liquid is mercury, the total length is 150mm, the height of the temperature sensing bulb is 10-15 mm, the diameter is 6.0-6.5 mm, and the immersion mode is full immersion.
7. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the correction value for the thermometer to be measured in step S5.3 is adjusted to 1/10 th of the division value.
8. The method for correcting the deviation of the glass liquid thermometer in claim 1, wherein the actual temperature value in step S5.3
And calculating according to the newly measured water three-phase point value of the standard platinum resistor.
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