CN110360886A - 一种具有吸波隐身功能的复合结构防弹板 - Google Patents
一种具有吸波隐身功能的复合结构防弹板 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于复合材料防弹板材技术领域，具体的讲涉及一种具有吸波隐身功能的复合结构防弹板。其主要技术方案：由复合防弹层和设置于其表面的吸波层构成，其中，所述吸波层为钡铁氧体空心陶瓷微珠涂层，所述复合防弹层包括防刺层、抗透层以及加强层，所述防刺层、抗透层以及加强层均由拉伸强度不低于30g/d的纤维长丝预浸环氧树脂层压制成。该吸波隐身功能的复合结构防弹板具有防雷达隐身功能，防利刃穿刺、防子弹侵彻且轻量化的特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于复合材料防弹板材技术领域，具体的讲涉及一种具有吸波隐身功能的复合结构防弹板。
背景技术
目前防弹板材料大致可分为三类，一是防弹钢片，它是靠硬碰硬的刚性变形原理吸收入射弹头的动能；二是陶瓷材料，当弹头打在它上面的时候它会分裂破碎成许多碎片，从而消耗弹头的动能；三是高分子纤维材料，它是靠受到冲击时产生撕裂和弹性变形而吸收弹头的能量，削弱弹头对人体的伤害。
这三种类型的材料都能有效地减少弹头的动能，但也都存在不足。防弹钢片和尼龙材料大都只在应对手枪、微型冲锋枪和铅芯弹头时有效，要抵抗钢芯弹头和大口径冲锋枪、狙击步枪是就需要大大增加材料的厚度，这样以来就会使装备笨重，不适合实战中运用，另外防弹钢板在受到弹头攻击时会产生很大的冲击力，使人受伤疼痛或受冲击昏厥失去战斗力；陶瓷材料在被子弹攻击时碎裂成多块，消耗弹头的冲击动能，但是这样一来整块材料都会破碎，甚至脱落，使第二次攻击的未防弹面积增大；现有的高分子纤维材料多采用分步成型法，各层材料分别成型，然后通过胶粘剂粘接为一体，复合材料层采用模压工艺制备而成。这种工艺成型过程复杂，成本高，生产效率低，属于开模成型，对环境有污染，再者常规高分子复合材料防弹材料成品刚性不足，在受到子弹冲击时，随着接触面温度升高，材料逐渐变软，增加背凸，对人体造成冲击伤害。
上述三种类型的防弹材料各有优势，也存在诸多缺陷，并且都没有防雷达隐身功能，不适应防弹板多功能使用的要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是提供一种具有防雷达隐身功能，防利刃穿刺、防子弹侵彻且轻量化的复合结构防弹板。
为实现上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案为：
一种具有吸波隐身功能的复合结构防弹板，由复合防弹层和设置于其表面的吸波层构成，其中，所述吸波层为钡铁氧体空心陶瓷微珠涂层，所述复合防弹层包括防刺层、抗透层以及加强层，所述防刺层、抗透层以及加强层均由拉伸强度不低于30g/d的纤维长丝预浸环氧树脂层压制成。
构成上述一种具有吸波隐身功能的复合结构防弹板的附加技术特征还包括：
——所述防刺层中敷设细棉布和/或芳纶纤维布，所述抗透层中敷设毛面铝板或防弹陶瓷板，所述加强层中敷设碳纤维短切毡。
——所述防弹陶瓷板表面呈波纹状且由碳化硅、氧化铝、氮化硼、碳化硼中的一种或多种混合制成。
——所述防刺层与抗透层之间以及所述抗透层与加强层之间敷设超高分子量聚乙烯纤维布预浸胶粘剂经高温层压固化构成所述复合防弹层，所述胶粘剂为经氧化石墨烯改性的水性聚氨酯胶粘剂。
——所述吸波层的外部设置由玻璃纤维增强聚四氟乙烯构成的透波蒙皮。
本发明所提供的一种具有吸波隐身功能的复合结构防弹板同现有技术相比，具有以下优点：其一，由于该防弹板的复合防弹主体表面设置用于吸收雷达电磁波的吸波层构成，所以在实现防弹的基本功能外具有雷达隐身效果，其中，吸波层优选为钡铁氧体空心陶瓷微珠涂层，吸收雷达波效果优异，减少被雷达探测的概率，使防弹主体的安全性显著增强；其二，由于复合防弹层包括防刺层、抗透层以及加强层，防刺层、抗透层以及加强层均由拉伸强度不低于30g/d的纤维长丝预浸环氧树脂层压制成，制造工艺成熟，加工过程简单，生产效率高，成本相对较低；其三，由于防刺层与抗透层之间以及抗透层与加强层之间敷设超高分子量聚乙烯纤维布预浸胶粘剂经高温层压固化构成的复合防弹层，优选地，胶粘剂为经氧化石墨烯改性的水性聚氨酯胶粘剂，可以提高其热稳定性和硬度，其初粘性、剥离强度、耐水解性和耐老化程度均得到明显提升，并且在现有技术中，经氧化石墨烯改性的水性聚氨酯材料同时具有防电磁波辐射的功能。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种具有吸波隐身功能的复合结构防弹板结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明所提供的吸波隐身功能的复合结构防弹板的结构和工作原理作进一步的详细说明。
参见图1，为本发明所提供的吸波隐身功能的复合结构防弹板的结构示意图。构成该吸波隐身功能的复合结构防弹板由复合防弹层1和设置于其表面的吸波层2构成，其中，吸波层2为钡铁氧体空心陶瓷微珠涂层，复合防弹层1包括防刺层11、抗透层12以及加强层13，防刺层11、抗透层12以及加强层13均由拉伸强度不低于30g/d的纤维长丝预浸环氧树脂层压制成。
其工作原理为：首先制备复合防弹层1，将符合强度要求的纤维长丝预浸环氧树脂，设置多层铺设形成防刺层11、抗透层12和加强层13复合结构，其中，防刺层11中树脂含量在10wt%-40wt%之间，纤维铺设层数为2-4层之间，抗透层12层中树脂含量控制在10wt%-30wt%，加强层13中树脂含量控制在30wt%-45wt%，纤维铺设层数为2-6层之间，然后经模压成型，在成型后的复合防弹层1表面敷设吸波层2，吸波层2优选为钡铁氧体空心陶瓷微珠涂层，比如现有技术中Y型、W型或者Zn-Ti钡铁氧体空心陶瓷微珠材料均可以使防弹板兼具雷达隐身效果。
在构成上述吸波隐身功能的复合结构防弹板的结构中，
——为了增强复合防弹层1中各个分层的不同功能，上述防刺层11中敷设细棉布和/或芳纶纤维布，用于防止刀刃穿刺或钝性磨损；抗透层12中敷设毛面铝板或防弹陶瓷板，其刚性材质用于增强对子弹冲击动能的吸收和分散；加强层13中敷设碳纤维短切毡，彻底消除冲击能量，并防止刚性防弹材料背凸，对防弹主体造成冲击伤害；
——优选地，上述防弹陶瓷板表面呈波纹状且由碳化硅、氧化铝、氮化硼、碳化硼中的一种或多种混合制成，由于防弹陶瓷板表面呈波纹状，子弹与其呈曲面接触，不宜造成陶瓷板脆性分裂，并可有效抵抗弹丸的侵彻并保证弹丸头部的最大程度变形，其厚度根据防弹级别在1-50mm之间进行选择；
——作为较佳的实施方式，上述防刺层11与抗透层12之间以及抗透层12与加强层13之间敷设超高分子量聚乙烯纤维布3预浸胶粘剂经高温层压固化构成复合防弹层1，模压成型设备的模压时间为30min~150min，模压温度为125℃~175℃，模压压力为5MPa~20MPa；胶粘剂优选为经氧化石墨烯改性的水性聚氨酯胶粘剂，经整体层压，可以有效保证该复合结构防弹板轻质特点同时发挥多种防弹材料的护优势并保证防弹和吸波隐身结构的使用寿命及其在复杂环境下的特性稳定；
——优选地，上述吸波层2的外部设置由玻璃纤维增强聚四氟乙烯构成的透波蒙皮4，透波蒙皮4可以提高95%以上的雷达波渗透率，降低雷达波反射有效探测的概率，使雷达波最大程度上进入防弹板内部后经吸波层2吸收，减少其雷达散射截面积，提高方舱的隐身性能，并且玻璃纤维增强聚四氟乙烯具有良好的抗冲击和耐磨损性能，对吸波结构起到保护作用。
Claims (5)
1.一种具有吸波隐身功能的复合结构防弹板，其特征在于：由复合防弹层和设置于其表面的吸波层构成，其中，所述吸波层为钡铁氧体空心陶瓷微珠涂层，所述复合防弹层包括防刺层、抗透层以及加强层，所述防刺层、抗透层以及加强层均由拉伸强度不低于30g/d的纤维长丝预浸环氧树脂层压制成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有吸波隐身功能的复合结构防弹板，其特征在于：所述防刺层中敷设细棉布和/或芳纶纤维布，所述抗透层中敷设毛面铝板或防弹陶瓷板，所述加强层中敷设碳纤维短切毡。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有吸波隐身功能的复合结构防弹板，其特征在于：所述防弹陶瓷板表面呈波纹状且由碳化硅、氧化铝、氮化硼、碳化硼中的一种或多种混合制成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有吸波隐身功能的复合结构防弹板，其特征在于：所述防刺层与抗透层之间以及所述抗透层与加强层之间敷设超高分子量聚乙烯纤维布预浸胶粘剂经高温层压固化构成所述复合防弹层，所述胶粘剂为经氧化石墨烯改性的水性聚氨酯胶粘剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有吸波隐身功能的复合结构防弹板，其特征在于：所述吸波层的外部设置由玻璃纤维增强聚四氟乙烯构成的透波蒙皮。
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