CN110359895A - A kind of leting speeper method of heterogeneous massive sandstone horizontal well fracturing - Google Patents
A kind of leting speeper method of heterogeneous massive sandstone horizontal well fracturing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of leting speeper method of heterogeneous massive sandstone horizontal well fracturing, comprising: step 1: the water flowing fractured zone of preliminary delineation seam mining links up the region in massive sandstone water-bearing layer;Step 2: it is linked up on the region in massive sandstone water-bearing layer in the water flowing fractured zone for the seam mining that step 1 is tentatively drawn a circle to approve, the means combined are tested using outcrop observation, conventional logging, layering bailing test and micropore structure, massive sandstone layer is finely divided into multilayer according to lithology, lithofacies, watery and microscopic void feature, and the strong water-bearing layer of watery is selected, with the vertical upper watery abnormal area of determination;Step 3: watery abnormal area on face is allocated in the vertical upper watery abnormal area centre circle that step 2 is selected, to obtain watery abnormal area;Step 4: formation breakdown, unrestrained water are carried out using horizontal well stage fracturing technology on watery abnormal area.Invention increases watery forecasting accuracy and improve unrestrained water effect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of coal mining, and in particular to a kind of spy of heterogeneous massive sandstone horizontal well fracturing is put
Water method.
Background technique
The generally existing massive sandstone water-bearing layer in China, coal seam top, western part, is especially distributed widely in yellow Gansu Province coal base Lip river
River group, the straight sieve group in the coal base Ning Dong, heterogeneity is strong, and rich water is inhomogenous, leting speeper operational difficulties before coal mining, main table
Present: (1) water enrichment area is difficult to accurately selected;(2) the unrestrained effect of Sandstone Water is poor, specific manifestation are as follows: 1) looks for inaccurate leting speeper target
Area, increases leting speeper drilling project, and economic loss is big;Even if 2) find leting speeper target area accurately, sandstone internal pore structure feature, i.e.,
Hole, venturi and its connectivity are unclear, and unrestrained water is ineffective, and subsequent coal mining water flowing fractured zone conducting is not yet put completely
The sandstone layer of water, is likely to result in water damage, jeopardizes miner's life security.Coal is detected as precisely as possible before coal resources back production
Layer overlying rock watery, by watery exceptions area water it is unrestrained be entirely coal mine instantly top plate water damage prevention and treatment emphasis, economy meaning
Justice is great with social effect.
Currently, the method that aquifer water well is detected mainly has geophysical exploration method, extraction water test etc., water-bearing layer
The method of watery prediction mainly has lithologic structure index method, Involved Multisource Geoscience Information fusion method, the prediction side based on mathematical model
Method etc., the mainly conventional drilling of the method for unrestrained water, directional drilling are unrestrained.There are the following problems for above method:
(1) there are multi-solutions when watery result is explained for the geophysical exploration method that aquifer water well is detected, can
It is poor by property;Extraction water test drilling specific capacity is to calculate to obtain by construction drill, a peephole view, to put general face, precision
It is low and costly, last length.
(2) method of aquifer water well prediction is based on macroscopical lithology and mathematical method, not yet by micropore structure
As the influence factor for influencing aquifer water well.
(3) conventional to drill unrestrained water method since drilling trace is uncontrollable, it is easy there are blind area, to guarantee that effect must increase
Large-engineering amount causes drilling to waste, and probing workload increases, and the effective hole section in water-bearing layer that the unrestrained water drilling hole of top plate discloses is shorter,
Affect unrestrained water efficiency;Though the unrestrained water method of directional drilling, which can increase drilling, discloses the effective hole section in water-bearing layer, hole is encountered
Connected region, unrestrained effect be not unobvious with venturi.
Summary of the invention
The present invention to solve the above-mentioned problems, provides a kind of leting speeper side of heterogeneous massive sandstone horizontal well fracturing
Method increases watery forecasting accuracy and improves unrestrained water effect.
The present invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of leting speeper method of heterogeneous massive sandstone horizontal well fracturing, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: the water flowing fractured zone of preliminary delineation seam mining links up the region in massive sandstone water-bearing layer;
Step 2: the region in massive sandstone water-bearing layer is linked up in the water flowing fractured zone for the seam mining that step 1 is tentatively drawn a circle to approve
On, the means combined are tested using outcrop observation, conventional logging, layering bailing test and micropore structure, according to
Massive sandstone layer is finely divided into multilayer by lithology, lithofacies, watery and microscopic void feature, and strong aqueous of selected watery
Layer, with the vertical upper watery abnormal area of determination;
Step 3: allocating watery abnormal area on face in the vertical upper watery abnormal area centre circle that step 2 is selected,
To obtain watery abnormal area;
Step 4: formation breakdown, unrestrained water are carried out using horizontal well stage fracturing technology on watery abnormal area.
Preferably, step 1 is specifically: using theory analysis, physical analogy, numerical simulation, empirical equation and field data
The comprehensive water flowing fractured zone for determining seam mining develops maximum height, collects log sheet, counts coal output layer and massive sandstone
This spacing and water flowing fractured zone development maximum height are subtracted each other, are for the region of negative value after subtracting each other by the spacing between water-bearing layer
The region in seam mining water flowing fractured zone communication massive sandstone water-bearing layer.
Preferably, in step 2, layering bailing test be specifically: by the non-object layer section at interval of interest both ends of drawing water every
From, then draw water to interval of interest, while in real time record monitoring groundwater level, water temperature variation, to obtain target zone
The related parameter that section is drawn water.
Preferably, in step 2, apparent resistivity curve is selected to carry out watery grade classification in conventional logging.
Preferably, in step 2, the judgment basis of vertical upper watery abnormal area: water-bearing layer is rich in layering bailing test
Aqueous grading standard is the weak q≤0.1L/ of watery (sm), watery medium 0.1L/ (sm) < q≤1.0L/ (s
M), the strong 1.0L/ of watery (sm) < q≤5.0L/ (sm), the extremely strong q > 5.0L/ (sm) of watery;Micropore structure
Middle aquifer water well grading standard be weak pore radius≤0.1 μm of watery, the medium 1 μm of < pore radius of watery≤
10 μm, strong 10 μm of pore radius≤20 μm < of watery, 20 μm of the extremely strong pore radius > of watery;Water-bearing layer is rich in conventional logging
Aqueous grading standard is 80 Ω m of watery amblyopia resistivity >-1, the medium 80 Ω m of watery-1>=apparent resistivity >
50Ω·m-1, the strong 50 Ω m of watery-130 Ω m of >=apparent resistivity >-1, the extremely strong apparent resistivity of watery≤30 Ω m-1;
Select in three of the above information that watery is strong and the extremely strong region of watery is as vertical upper watery abnormal area.
Preferably, in step 3, using geophysical exploration, drilling specific capacity and Involved Multisource Geoscience Information, in step
Two selected vertical upper watery abnormal area centre circles allocate watery abnormal area on face.
Further, geophysical exploration uses DC electrical method, transient electromagnetic method or nuclear magnetic resonance log exploitation method.
Further, sandy ground ratio, drilling fluid consumption in Involved Multisource Geoscience Information are calculated using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) first
With little structure to the weight of watery, rich water then is drawn a circle to approve in vertical upper watery abnormal area according to weight fusion stack result
Property strong, the extremely strong region A of watery, drawn a circle to approve again on the region A of delineation according to drilling specific capacity determine watery pole
Then strong and strong watery region B carries out geophysical exploration on the B of the region again and draws a circle to approve according to geophysical exploration solution
The watery translated is strong and the extremely strong region of watery is as watery abnormal area in plane.
It preferably, further include step 5: using geophysical exploration method to the region after step 4 pressure break and unrestrained water
Watery detection is carried out, verifies unrestrained water effect, while unrestrained water is subjected to water treatment and is recycled.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
(1) existing watery prediction generally selects macroscopical rock parameter such as depth of stratum, rock stratum sandstone and mud stone ratio will
Massive sandstone is studied as a water-bearing layer, the present invention finely divide massive sandstone layer on the basis of, by microscopic void with
Macroscopical lithology combines prediction watery, increases forecasting accuracy;(2) the unrestrained water of existing roof generallys use conventional brill
Hole, directional drilling etc. lack the crack propagation to destination layer position, influence unrestrained water effect, and the present invention increases fracturing technique to mesh
The crack of mark layer position has carried out effective extension, improves unrestrained water effect;(3) present invention can be improved watery precision of prediction,
Unrestrained water effect reduces anti-riparian work Meteorological, has ensured miner's life security.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the unrestrained water schematic cross-section of horizontal well fracturing;
Fig. 3 is to be layered schematic illustration of drawing water;
Fig. 4 is horizontal well fracturing structure chart.
In figure: 1 is coal seam;2 be water barrier;3 be watery abnormal area A;4 be watery abnormal area B;5 be huge thickness
Sandstone layer;6 be spray gun;7 be pressure break point.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, it is described be explanation of the invention and
It is not to limit.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, a kind of leting speeper method of heterogeneous massive sandstone horizontal well fracturing, including
Following step:
Step 1: the water flowing fractured zone of preliminary delineation seam mining links up the region in massive sandstone water-bearing layer: using theoretical
The comprehensive water flowing fractured zone development for determining seam mining such as analysis, physical analogy, numerical simulation, empirical equation, field data is most
Big height collects log sheet, the spacing between coal output layer 1 and massive sandstone layer 5 is counted, by this spacing and water flowing fractured zone
Development maximum height is subtracted each other, and the region after subtracting each other for negative value is the area that seam mining water flowing fractured zone links up massive sandstone floor
Domain.
Step 2: carry out massive sandstone layer and finely divide, determine vertical upper watery abnormal area: grasping areal geology
On the basis of geologic setting, used in the region that the water flowing fractured zone that step 1 tentatively draws a circle to approve seam mining links up massive sandstone layer
Outcrop observation, conventional logging, layering bailing test, micropore structure test the means combined, by massive sandstone layer 5
It is divided into n-layer, and the stronger water-bearing layer of watery in selected n-layer according to lithology, lithofacies, watery, microscopic void feature, as
Vertical upper watery abnormal area.
It is layered bailing test principle: the non-object layer section at interval of interest both ends of drawing water being isolated by packer, it is then sharp
It is drawn water with suction pump to interval of interest, while recording monitoring ground in real time using the monitoring instrument that upper packer lower end is arranged in
It is lauched the variation of water level, water temperature, to obtain the related parameter that interval of interest draws water.It is as shown in Figure 2 to be layered principle of drawing water.Layering is taken out
Water test, which can be avoided whole section of common bailing test, flood is drawn water causes sandstone and mud stone, different lithology sandstone watery to divide
It is fuzzy, achieve the purpose that scrutiny aquifer water well.
Apparent resistivity curve is mainly selected to carry out watery grade classification in conventional logging.
Micropore structure means of testing mainly has scanning electron microscope, pressure mercury, nuclear magnetic resonance etc., and joint micropore structure is surveyed
Test result obtains different lithology microscopic void feature, combines with layering bailing test, analysis micropore structure and watery
Relationship.
The judgment basis of watery abnormal area in n-layer: aquifer water well grading standard in layering bailing test
For the weak q≤0.1L/ of watery (sm), watery medium 0.1L/ (sm) < q≤1.0L/ (sm), the strong 1.0L/ of watery
(sm) < q≤5.0L/ (sm), the extremely strong q > 5.0L/ (sm) of watery;Aquifer water well etc. in micropore structure
The grade criteria for classifying is in turn divided into four grades according to pore size, and hole is bigger, and watery is stronger, the weak pore radius of watery
≤ 0.1 μm, medium 1 μm of pore radius≤10 μm < of watery, strong 10 μm of pore radius≤20 μm < of watery, watery is extremely strong
20 μm of pore radius >.Apparent resistivity curve divides watery standard according to the purpose area apparent resistivity studied in conventional logging
Size is in turn divided into four grades, and apparent resistivity is smaller, and watery is bigger, 80 Ω m of watery amblyopia resistivity >-1, rich
Aqueous medium 80 Ω m-150 Ω m of >=apparent resistivity >-1, the strong 50 Ω m of watery-130 Ω m of >=apparent resistivity >-1, rich
Aqueous extremely strong apparent resistivity≤30 Ω m-1.Select in three of the above information that watery is strong, the extremely strong region of watery is as hanging down
Upward watery abnormal area.Step 3: watery abnormal area in delineation plane.Using geophysical exploration, drilling unit
The achievement datas such as water yield, Involved Multisource Geoscience Information are allocated in the water-bearing layer centre circle for the vertical upper rich water sexual abnormality that step 2 is selected
Watery abnormal area A 3 and watery abnormal area B 4 on face in watery abnormal area, such as Fig. 2, to obtain richness
Aqueous abnormal area.
The preferred DC electrical method of geophysical exploration means, transient electromagnetic method, nuclear magnetic resonance log etc. are to water than more sensitive
Exploitation method improves the reliability of comprehensive descision watery.
Involved Multisource Geoscience Information mainly includes the information such as sandy ground ratio, drilling fluid consumption, little structure.Level is used first
Analytic approach calculate in Involved Multisource Geoscience Information sandy ground than, drilling fluid consumption, little structure to the weight of watery, then according to
Watery abnormal area is irised out in weight fusion superposition, and superposition calculation result is bigger, and watery is stronger, and watery stack result divides
Standard are as follows: watery is extremely strong to be greater than 3, and the strong 3-2.5 of watery, the medium 2.5-2 of watery, watery weak-strong test is less than 2.In this base
On plinth, in conjunction with watery abnormal area in drilling specific capacity, geophysical exploration achievement delineation plane.
The area that watery is strong, watery is extremely strong (watery stack result value is greater than 2.5) is drawn a circle to approve in Involved Multisource Geoscience Information
According to the region that the watery that specific capacity determines is extremely strong, watery is strong that drills, then domain is drawn a circle to approve again on the region of delineation
It constructs on the area again DC electrical method, transient electromagnetic method, nuclear magnetic resonance log, common coil makes that watery is strong and watery pole
Strong region is as watery abnormal area in plane.Wherein, drilling specific capacity determines watery standard for water-bearing layer richness
Aqueous grading standard is the weak q≤0.1L/ of watery (sm), watery medium 0.1L/ (sm) < q≤1.0L/ (s
M), the strong 1.0L/ of watery (sm) < q≤5.0L/ (sm), the extremely strong q > 5.0L/ (sm) of watery;DC electrical method and wink
The power transformation magnetic method watery criteria for classifying is 80 Ω m of watery amblyopia resistivity >-1, the medium 80 Ω m of watery-1>=view electricity
50 Ω m of resistance rate >-1, the strong 50 Ω m of watery-130 Ω m of >=apparent resistivity >-1, extremely strong apparent resistivity≤30 of watery
Ω·m-1.The nuclear magnetic resonance log watery criteria for classifying is the weak T of watery2≤ 60ms, the medium 60ms < T of watery2≤
120ms, the strong 120ms < T of watery2≤ 180ms, the extremely strong T of watery2> 180ms.
Step 4: unrestrained using horizontal well stage fracturing technology development Sandstone Water on the watery abnormal area of delineation.
Step 2: on the basis of three, formation breakdown, unrestrained is carried out to watery abnormal area using horizontal well stage fracturing technology
Water.
Pressure break principle: according to Bernoulli equation, pressure energy is converted into speed, is sprayed after pipeline fluid pressurization through spray gun 6
And for jet stream at seam, injecting liquid by annular space makes bottom pressure in the earth formation for the high-speed jet (jet velocity is greater than 126m/s) gone out
Just in fracture propagation pressure hereinafter, jet exit surrounding fluid speed highest, pressure is minimum, annular space pumps the liquid of note for control
Enter fluerics under differential pressure action, is inhaled into stratum together with the liquid that spray gun 6 ejects, crack is driven to extend forward, it is real
Existing automatic sealing package every.By dragging tubing string, spray gun 6 is put into next interval for needing pressure break, can successively press off required fractured layer
Section pressure break point 7, as shown in Figure 4.Pressure break carries out simultaneously with unrestrained water.
Step 5: watery detection is carried out to step 4 pressure break, unrestrained water layer section using geophysical exploration method, is tested
Card, comparison watery abnormal area degree of water-rich verify unrestrained water effect, while unrestrained water are carried out water treatment, be used for
Shaft production, greening, reach energy conservation and environmental protection.
Application example:
Certain coal master's mining coal seam 1 thickness 6m, buried depth 288m belong to flat seam, top plate preservation massive sandstone layer, top plate rock
Property is it is known that using mining production practice.Mine head mining face moves towards long 1800m, is inclined to long 350m, which returns
Before adopting, unrestrained water has been carried out to the face roof massive sandstone layer using following steps, has ensured safety back production, unrestrained water warp
Water treatment recycles, realizes reclamation of mine water.
Step 1: according to parameters such as main 1 thickness of mining coal seam, coal seam buried depth, coal roof lithologics, theory analysis, object are utilized
Leaking crevice belt development is maximum after managing simulation, numerical simulation, empirical equation, the comprehensive determining main mining coal seam exploitation of the mine of field data
Height is 135.5m.
Counting the spacing between coal output layer and massive sandstone water-bearing layer by log sheet is 123.4m~159.3m, will
This spacing subtracts 135.5m, irises out negative territory.
Step 2: collecting area's geologic information, in step 1 negative territory stratified construction bailing test, finds out unit water burst
It measures watery is strong, the region in the extremely strong range of watery;Apparent resistivity song is found out in log sheet Logging Curves
Line, descending according to apparent resistivity value are divided into four grades, and it is weak, rich that corresponding watery is followed successively by watery
It is aqueous it is medium, watery is strong, extremely strong four grades of watery, select that watery is strong, the extremely strong region of watery;Micropore structure
Test result shows that pore radius can be divided into four distributions, is divided into four grades according to distribution is descending, corresponds to
Watery be followed successively by that watery is extremely strong, watery is strong, watery is medium, watery is weak.
The region of watery is extremely strong, strong region as vertical upper rich water sexual abnormality is selected, as shown in table 1.
1 watery abnormal area judgment basis of table
Step 3: on the basis of the vertical upper watery abnormal area of step 2 is selected, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) meter is used first
Calculate Involved Multisource Geoscience Information sandy ground than, drilling fluid consumption, little structure to the weight of watery, weight is respectively 0.5,0.4,
0.1, watery abnormal area then is irised out according to weight fusion superposition, superposition calculation result is bigger, and watery is stronger, watery
Stack result is the extremely strong region of watery greater than 3, the strong region 3-2.5 of watery, the medium region 2.5-2 of watery, and watery is weak
Region is less than 2.
Watery is strong, delineation drilling specific capacity determines on extremely strong region (stack result value is greater than 2.5 regions)
Extremely strong, the strong region of watery, then construction DC electrical method, transient electromagnetic method, nuclear magnetic resonance log method are common on the region of circle
The strong region of watery is drawn a circle to approve as watery abnormal area in plane, in Fig. 2.
Step 4: Step 2: the three watery abnormal area construction level well staged fracturings drawn a circle to approve, unrestrained water 20000
Ten thousand m3。
Step 5: using the methods of DC electrical method, transient electromagnetic method, nuclear magnetic resonance log in the unrestrained pool of step 4 pressure break
Watery verifying is carried out in domain, interprets through watery, the region is strong by the watery before horizontal well fracturing, unrestrained water, becomes
The weak area of watery, scientific, effective unrestrained massive sandstone water-bearing layer Zhong Shui ensure safety exploitation, while by unrestrained water
200000000 m3Water treatment is carried out, in shaft production, greening, reaches energy conservation and environmental protection.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of leting speeper method of heterogeneous massive sandstone horizontal well fracturing, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1: the water flowing fractured zone of preliminary delineation seam mining links up the region in massive sandstone water-bearing layer;
Step 2: linking up on the region in massive sandstone water-bearing layer in the water flowing fractured zone for the seam mining that step 1 is tentatively drawn a circle to approve,
The means combined are tested using outcrop observation, conventional logging, layering bailing test and micropore structure, according to rock
Property, lithofacies, watery and microscopic void feature massive sandstone layer is finely divided into multilayer, and strong aqueous of selected watery
Layer, with the vertical upper watery abnormal area of determination;
Step 3: allocating watery abnormal area on face in the vertical upper watery abnormal area centre circle that step 2 is selected, thus
Obtain watery abnormal area;
Step 4: formation breakdown, unrestrained water are carried out using horizontal well stage fracturing technology on watery abnormal area.
2. the leting speeper method of heterogeneous massive sandstone horizontal well fracturing according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
Step 1 is specifically: determining that coal seam is opened using theory analysis, physical analogy, numerical simulation, empirical equation and field data are comprehensive
The water flowing fractured zone development maximum height adopted, collects log sheet, between counting between coal output layer and massive sandstone water-bearing layer
Away from this spacing and water flowing fractured zone development maximum height are subtracted each other, for the region of negative value are that seam mining water guide is split after subtracting each other
The region in gap band communication massive sandstone water-bearing layer.
3. the leting speeper method of heterogeneous massive sandstone horizontal well fracturing according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
In step 2, layering bailing test is specifically: the non-object layer section at interval of interest both ends of drawing water being isolated, then to interval of interest
It draws water, while the variation of record monitoring in real time groundwater level, water temperature, to obtain the related parameter that interval of interest draws water.
4. the leting speeper method of heterogeneous massive sandstone horizontal well fracturing according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
In step 2, apparent resistivity curve is selected to carry out watery grade classification in conventional logging.
5. the leting speeper method of heterogeneous massive sandstone horizontal well fracturing according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
In step 2, the judgment basis of vertical upper watery abnormal area: aquifer water well grade classification mark in layering bailing test
Standard is the weak q≤0.1L/ of watery (sm), and watery medium 0.1L/ (sm) < q≤1.0L/ (sm), watery is strong
1.0L/ (sm) < q≤5.0L/ (sm), the extremely strong q > 5.0L/ (sm) of watery;Water-bearing layer rich water in micropore structure
Property grading standard be weak pore radius≤0.1 μm of watery, medium 1 μm of pore radius≤10 μm < of watery, watery
Strong 10 μm of pore radius≤20 μm <, 20 μm of the extremely strong pore radius > of watery;Aquifer water well grade is drawn in conventional logging
Minute mark standard is 80 Ω m of watery amblyopia resistivity >-1, the medium 80 Ω m of watery-150 Ω m of >=apparent resistivity >-1, rich
Aqueous strong 50 Ω m-130 Ω m of >=apparent resistivity >-1, the extremely strong apparent resistivity of watery≤30 Ω m-1;Select three of the above
Watery is strong in information and the extremely strong region of watery is as vertical upper watery abnormal area.
6. the leting speeper method of heterogeneous massive sandstone horizontal well fracturing according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
In step 3, using geophysical exploration, drilling specific capacity and Involved Multisource Geoscience Information, in the vertical upper richness that step 2 is selected
Aqueous abnormal area centre circle allocates watery abnormal area on face.
7. the leting speeper method of heterogeneous massive sandstone horizontal well fracturing according to claim 6, which is characterized in that
Geophysical exploration uses DC electrical method, transient electromagnetic method or nuclear magnetic resonance log exploitation method.
8. the leting speeper method of heterogeneous massive sandstone horizontal well fracturing according to claim 6, which is characterized in that
Sandy ground is calculated in Involved Multisource Geoscience Information than, drilling fluid consumption and little structure to watery using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) first
Weight, then according to weight fusion stack result vertical upper watery abnormal area delineation watery is strong, watery is extremely strong
Region A, drawn a circle to approve again on the region A of delineation according to drilling specific capacity determine watery is extremely strong and the strong region of watery
Then B carries out geophysical exploration on the B of the region again and draws a circle to approve watery interpret according to geophysical exploration by force and rich water
The extremely strong region of property is as watery abnormal area in plane.
9. the leting speeper method of heterogeneous massive sandstone horizontal well fracturing according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
Further include step 5: watery detection carried out to the region after step 4 pressure break and unrestrained water using geophysical exploration method,
Unrestrained water effect is verified, while unrestrained water is subjected to water treatment and is recycled.
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