CN110359500A - A kind of tubular pole-cement soil contact face sample preparation device and contact surface frictional behavior research shearing test device and test method - Google Patents
A kind of tubular pole-cement soil contact face sample preparation device and contact surface frictional behavior research shearing test device and test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110359500A CN110359500A CN201910586239.4A CN201910586239A CN110359500A CN 110359500 A CN110359500 A CN 110359500A CN 201910586239 A CN201910586239 A CN 201910586239A CN 110359500 A CN110359500 A CN 110359500A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D33/00—Testing foundations or foundation structures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of tubular pole-cement soil contact face sample preparation device and contact surface frictional behavior research shearing test device and test methods.The tubular pole-cement soil contact face sample preparation device includes pipe pile die and contact surface sampling die, for making model tubular pole-cement soil contact face sample.The tubular pole-cement soil contact face frictional behavior research shearing test device includes circular mode molding box, model tubular pole-cement soil contact face sample, reaction beam and loading motor.It is placed with model tubular pole-cement soil contact face sample at the circular mode molding box center, sand has been filled inside model casing, has placed soil pressure sensor inside sand；Model tubular pole is loaded by motor, be further applied load and be displaced can automatic collection for motor in loading procedure.Structure of the invention is reasonable, easy to operate, can carry out the sample preparation of tubular pole-cement soil contact face, can also provide a kind of effective means for the research of tubular pole-cement soil contact face frictional behaviour.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to geotechnical engineering fields, and in particular to a kind of tubular pole-cement soil contact face sample preparation device and contact
Face frictional behavior research shearing test device and test method can be used for studying the asynchronous tubular pole-soil cement of soil cement intensity
Contact surface frictional behavior.
Background technique
Pile foundation is a kind of highly important base form, is widely used in skyscraper, highway, highway
And in some great basis instrument engineerings.The pile foundation being most widely used at present is mainly pile for prestressed pipe and drill-pouring
Stake, however all there is some problems in practical engineering applications for both pile foundations.It is distributed with greatly in China southeastern coastal areas
The thick and soft groundsill layer of amount, soil body engineering properties is poor, the carrying of traditional pile for prestressed pipe and cast-in-situ bored pile in the region
Performance is all poor.With the accumulation of pile foundation practical engineering experience and going deep into for theoretical research, occur in recent years some novel
Pile foundation, such as compacted bearing disk pile, screw pile, strength core mixing pile, tubular pile cement composite pile and quiet brill take root in stake.Wherein, strength
Core mixing pile, tubular pile cement composite pile and quiet brill take root in the organizational pile foundation that stake is made of inner core stake and peripheral soil cement
Plinth, side load-carrying properties are controlled by core stake-cement soil contact face and soil cement-soil body contact surface.Quiet brill takes root in the combination such as stake
Successful application has been obtained in Deposits in Eastern Coastal China area in pile foundation, and achieves apparent economic results in society, has aobvious
The promotional value of work.
Normal core mixing pile, tubular pile cement composite pile and quiet bore take root in the research of the combined piles foundations such as stake and are mainly at present
Field test and model test, however it is all only special to soil cement-soil body contact surface friction in test and model test at the scene
Property is studied, not about the research of core stake (prefabricated tubular pile)-cement soil contact face frictional behavior.It is stirred at present in strength core
Stake, tubular pile cement composite pile and quiet bore in the design for taking root in the combined piles foundations such as stake assume core stake (prefabricated tubular pile) and cement
Soil is an entirety always in load transmittance process, and it is special not account for the friction of core stake (prefabricated tubular pile)-cement soil contact face
Property.However, core stake (prefabricated tubular pile)-cement soil contact face frictional behavior combination pile load transmittance process in play it is very heavy
The effect wanted needs that detailed research is unfolded to this, thus for strength core mixing pile in Practical Project, tubular pile cement composite pile and
It is quiet that the design offer theoretical foundation for taking root in the combined piles foundations such as stake is provided.
Summary of the invention
In order to study prefabricated tubular pile-cement soil contact face frictional behaviour, the present invention provides a kind of tubular pole-water
Soil contact surface sample preparation device and contact surface frictional behavior research shearing test device and test method, can be used for simulating difference
Prefabricated tubular pile-cement soil contact face frictional behavior under the conditions of soil cement intensity.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of tubular pole-cement soil contact face sample preparation device, including pipe pile die and contact surface sampling die；
The pipe pile die is made of circular die and bottom plate；The circular die is by two pieces of semicircle aluminium alloy plates through spiral shell
It tethers to connect and be composed；A circular groove, the insertion for circular die are equipped at the bottom plate center；The circular groove
Diameter is identical as circular die diameter；Concrete is poured in the pipe pile die, for making model tubular pole；
The contact surface sampling die is made of large-diameter circular mold and bottom plate；The large-diameter circular mold by
Two pieces of major diameter semicircle aluminium alloy plates are composed through being bolted；A circular groove also is provided at the bottom plate center,
The circular groove diameter is consistent with the diameter of model tubular pole, for placing model tubular pole；Be additionally provided on the bottom plate one it is recessed
Shape annulus, the center of circle of concavity annulus are overlapped with the center of circle of circular groove, and its diameter and thickness and large-diameter circular mould
The diameter and thickness of tool is identical, the insertion for large-diameter circular mold；The model tubular pole and large-diameter circular mold it
Between form reserved space, the cement soil sample stirred evenly is poured in reserved space, is connect for making model tubular pole-soil cement
Contacting surface sample.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, further, the large-diameter circular mold and the diameter ratio of model tubular pole be not small
In 2.
Further, the moisture content of the cement soil sample is more than soil body liquid limit water content.
The present invention also provides a kind of tubular pole-cement soil contact face frictional behavior research shearing test devices, including circular mode
Molding box, model tubular pole-cement soil contact face sample, reaction beam and loading motor, the model tubular pole-cement soil contact face examination
Sample is made using above-mentioned apparatus；The circular mode molding box is by model casing pedestal and the cylindric model cabinet frame being welded on pedestal
Composition；The circular model bottom seat is made of bottom plate and support, and bottom plate is directly welded on support；It is set at the bottom plate center
There is a circular hole, the circular hole is identical as the diameter of model tubular pole；
Model tubular pole-cement soil contact face sample, and the lower end of model tubular pole are placed at circular mode molding box center
In circular hole；Sandy soils have been filled inside the circular mode molding box；The sandy soils bottom is equipped with one layer of geotextiles；In bottom plate
On be fixed with several vertical rigid pipes, the rigid pipe is equipped with several soil pressure sensors；
The loading motor is located above model tubular pole and is fixed on reaction beam；The reaction beam passes through 2 I-shapeds
Steel is welded on model casing pedestal.
Further, the ratio between the diameter of the circular mode molding box and large-diameter circular mould diameter are not less than 10.
Further, the rigid pipe is uniformly distributed around model tubular pole-cement soil contact face sample.
Further, the limit loaded value of the loading motor is 100kN, stroke 50mm.
Further, the loading speed range of the loading motor is 0.1-5mm/min.
The present invention also provides a kind of tubular pole-cement soil contact face frictional behavior research shearing test device test method,
Include the following steps:
Firstly, production model tubular pole, circular die is embedded into the circular groove at bottom plate center, then will be stirred evenly
Concrete be put into circular die, then pipe pile die is put on shake table and is vibrated 5 minutes, concrete curing 28-60
Model tubular pole is taken out from pipe pile die after it；
Then, model tubular pole is put into the circular groove at bottom plate center, and large-diameter circular mold is embedded in concavity
In annulus, the cement soil sample stirred evenly, water then are poured into the space between model tubular pole and large-diameter circular mold
Soil takes out model tubular pole-cement soil contact face sample after conserving 28-90 days from contact surface sampling die；By model pipe
Stake-cement soil contact face sample is put at circular mode molding box center, and model tubular pole lower end is located in circular model bottom plate
In the circular hole of the heart, the bottom of cement soil sample is located on bottom plate；One layer of geotextiles are laid on bottom plate；Then it is installed on bottom plate
Several vertical rigid pipes, install several soil pressure sensors on rigid pipe, make the rigid pipe around model tubular pole-cement
Soil contact face sample is uniformly distributed；Then between cylindric model cabinet frame and tubular pole-cement soil contact face of model casing
Sandy soils are filled in space；Model tubular pole is loaded by loading motor.
The circular die inner wall smooth, it is consistent with the inner wall smooth degree of practical pile for prestressed pipe punching block.The present invention adopts
It is in order to which boundary restrictive condition is circle in guarantee test with circular die case, tubular pile cement is by radial constraint during test
Power effect.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, the pipe pile die in the present invention can make and the practical consistent model of pile for prestressed pipe contact surface smooth degree
Tubular pole；Contact surface sampling die can make prefabricated tubular pile-soil cement Soil-structure Interaction Model, with the composite pile foundation in Practical Project
Prefabricated pile-cement soil contact face form it is consistent.
2, the present invention in using circular mode molding box carry out prefabricated pile-cement soil contact face shearing test, boundary condition with
Boundary condition in practical load on pile foundation transmittance process is similar.
3, it can change the proportion of soil cement in the present invention to adjust the intensity of soil cement, soil cement intensity difference can be carried out
When prefabricated pile-soil cement contact surface shearing test.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is pipe pile die side view；
Fig. 2 is the circular die top view of pipe pile die；
Fig. 3 is pipe pile die floor diagram；
Fig. 4 is contact surface sampling die side view；
Fig. 5 is the large-diameter circular mold top view of contact surface sampling die；
Fig. 6 is contact surface sampling die floor diagram；
Fig. 7 is tubular pole-cement soil contact face frictional behavior research shearing test device schematic diagram；
In figure: pipe pile die 1, circular die 1-1, semicircle aluminium alloy plate 1-1-1, bolt 1-1-2, bottom plate 1-2,
Circular groove 1-2-1, model tubular pole 1-3, contact surface sampling die 2, large-diameter circular mold 2-1, major diameter semicircle aluminium
Alloy sheets 2-1-1, bolt 2-1-2, bottom plate 2-2, circular groove 2-2-1, concavity annulus 2-2-2, reserved space 2-3, water
Soil sample 2-4, model tubular pole-cement soil contact face sample 2-5, circular mode molding box 3, model casing pedestal 3-1, bottom plate
3-1-1, support 3-1-2, circular hole 3-1-3, cylindric model cabinet frame 3-2, sandy soils 3-3, rigid pipe 3-4, soil pressure
Sensor 3-5, geotextiles 3-6, reaction beam 4, loading motor 5.
Specific embodiment
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and specific examples.
As shown in fig. 7, for a kind of tubular pole-cement soil contact face sample preparation device and contact surface frictional behavior research shearing examination
Experiment device, tubular pole-cement soil contact face sample preparation device include pipe pile die 1, contact surface sampling die 2；Contact surface frictional behavior
Research shearing test device includes circular mode molding box 3, model tubular pole-cement soil contact face sample 2-5, reaction beam 4 and load electricity
Totally five parts of machine 5.
The pipe pile die 1 is made of circular die 1-1 and bottom plate 1-2；The circular die 1-1 is closed by two blocks of semicircle aluminium
Golden plate 1-1-1 is composed through bolt 1-1-2 connection, and circular die 1-1 diameter is 100mm；The bottom plate 1-2 side length is
300mm there are a diameter is also 100mm circular hole 1-2-1 at bottom plate center, circular hole 1-2-1 depth is with a thickness of 20mm
10mm；The contact surface sampling die 2 is made of large-diameter circular mold 2-1 and bottom plate 2-2；The large-diameter circular mold 2-
1 is composed of two pieces of major diameter semicircle aluminium alloy plate 2-1-1 through bolt 2-1-2 connection, diameter 200mm；The contact surface
Sampling die bottom plate 2-2 side length is 400mm, and with a thickness of 10mm, there is also a circular hole 2-2-1 at center, Circularhole diameter is
100mm, depth 8mm；There is also a concavity annulus 2-2-2 at the bottom plate 2-2, concavity circle diameter is 200mm, depth
For 5mm.
The circular mode molding box 3 is made of model casing pedestal 3-1 and the cylindric model cabinet frame 3-2 being welded on pedestal；
The model casing pedestal 3-1 is made of bottom plate 3-1-1 and support 3-1-2；The bottom plate 3-1-1 is directly welded at support 3-1-2
On；The bottom plate is 30mm thick steel plate, diameter 2200mm, and a circular hole 3-1-3 is equipped at bottom plate center, and Circularhole diameter is
105mm；The circular model cabinet frame 3-2 is made of 10mm thick steel plate, diameter 2000mm；Inside the circular mode molding box 3
Fill the sandy soils 3-3 of certain compactness；The sandy soils 3-3 requires to be filled out using distinct methods according to design compactness
It builds；The sandy soils dam filling construction is that sand rain method (when design compactness is smaller) and compaction in layers method (it is larger to design compactness
When)；One layer of geotextiles 3-6 is placed in the bottom the sandy soils 3-3, and geotextiles are with a thickness of 20mm；It is pre-buried inside the sandy soils 3-3
To measure horizontal earth pressure, soil pressure sensor is fixed on rigid pipe 3-4 soil pressure sensor 3-5；The rigid pipe 3-4 is straight
Diameter is 10mm, is fixed on bottom plate 3-1-1 vertically, and four rigid pipes are provided in circular mode molding box 3, are symmetrically distributed in Model Pile
Surrounding；Model tubular pole-cement soil contact face sample 2-5, and the one end model tubular pole 1-3 are placed at 3 center of circular mode molding box
Into in model casing bottom plate center hole 3-1-3；The reaction beam 4 is welded on model casing pedestal 3-1 by 2 I-steel 4-1
On；The loading motor 5 is fixed on reaction beam 4 by fixed device, and is located above model tubular pole 1-3.
The course of work of the invention is as follows:
Circular die 1-1 is embedded into bottom plate in model tubular pole manufacturing process firstly the need of production model tubular pole 1-3
In the circular hole 1-2-1 at center, the concrete sample stirred evenly is put into circular die 1-1, then puts pipe pile die 1
It is vibrated 5 minutes on to shake table, pipe pile die and Model Pile is integrally put into standard curing room after the completion of vibration and conserved,
Maintenance took out model tubular pole 1-3 after 28 days from pipe pile die 1.
Then, model tubular pole 1-3 is put into the circular hole 2-1-1 at contact surface sampling die bottom plate center, and will be straight greatly
Diameter circular die 2-1 is embedded in the concavity annulus 2-2-2 of bottom plate, then model tubular pole 1-3 and large-diameter circular mold 2-1 it
Between space in 2-3 pour into the cement soil sample 2-4 stirred evenly, contact surface sampling die is integrally then put into standard curing
In room, soil cement takes out model tubular pole-cement soil contact face sample 2-5 after conserving 28 days from contact surface sampling die 2；It will
Model tubular pole-cement soil contact face 2-5 is put at 3 center of circular mode molding box, and model tubular pole 1-3 protruding parts enter circle
In model casing bottom plate center hole 3-1-3, cement soil sample 2-4 is on model casing bottom plate 3-1-1；In the cylinder of circular mode molding box
The sandy soils 3-3 that certain compactness is filled in space between shape model cabinet frame 3-2 and tubular pole-cement soil contact face 2-5, when
When design requirement sandy soils compactness is smaller, sandy soils 3-3 is prepared using sand rain method, passes through control sand shake-out device bottom and test
Soil body surface is fallen away from the soil body compactness of design requirement is obtained, when design requirement sandy soils compactness is larger, using layering
Compacting method fills sandy soils, obtains the soil body compactness of design requirement by the method for control sand dry density and volume；It completes
After above-mentioned test preparation, Model Pile is loaded by loading motor 5, according to test requirements document using certain load speed
Rate is loaded, and the situation of change of horizontal earth pressure is measured by soil pressure sensor in loading procedure, the applied lotus of loading motor 5
Load and displacement can read and store automatically, and the changing rule of horizontal earth pressure and prefabricated tubular pile-soil cement connect during test
Contacting surface frictional resistance relative displacement relationship can measure in test.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of tubular pole-cement soil contact face sample preparation device, it is characterised in that: including pipe pile die (1) and contact surface sample preparation mould
Have (2)；
The pipe pile die (1) is made of circular die (1-1) and bottom plate (1-2)；The circular die (1-1) is by two and half
Circle aluminium alloy plate (1-1-1) is composed through bolt (1-1-2) connection；It is recessed that a circle is equipped at bottom plate (1-2) center
Slot (1-2-1) is used for the insertion of circular die (1-1)；Circular groove (1-2-1) diameter and circular die (1-1) diameter
It is identical；Concrete is poured in the pipe pile die (1), for making model tubular pole (1-3)；
The contact surface sampling die (2) is made of large-diameter circular mold (2-1) and bottom plate (2-2)；The major diameter
Circular die (2-1) is composed of two pieces of major diameter semicircle aluminium alloy plates (2-1-1) through bolt (2-1-2) connection；Described
A circular groove (2-2-1), circular groove (2-2-1) diameter and model tubular pole (1- also are provided at the center bottom plate (2-2)
3) diameter is consistent, for placing model tubular pole (1-3)；A concavity annulus (2-2-2) is additionally provided on the bottom plate (2-2),
The center of circle of the concavity annulus (2-2-2) is overlapped with the center of circle of circular groove (2-2-1), and its diameter and thickness and major diameter
The diameter and thickness of circular die (2-1) is identical, is used for the insertion of large-diameter circular mold (2-1)；Model tubular pole (the 1-
3) reserved space (2-3) is formed between large-diameter circular mold (2-1), pours in reserved space (2-3) and stirs evenly
Cement soil sample (2-4), for making model tubular pole-cement soil contact face sample (2-5).
2. tubular pole according to claim 1-cement soil contact face sample preparation device, which is characterized in that the large-diameter circular
The diameter ratio of shape mold (2-1) and model tubular pole (1-3) are not less than 2.
3. tubular pole according to claim 1-cement soil contact face sample preparation device, which is characterized in that the soil cement examination
The moisture content of sample (2-4) is more than soil body liquid limit water content.
4. a kind of tubular pole-cement soil contact face frictional behavior research shearing test device, it is characterised in that: including circular mode molding box
(3), model tubular pole-cement soil contact face sample (2-5), reaction beam (4) and loading motor (5), the model tubular pole-cement
Soil contact face sample (2-5) is made using device as described in any one of claims 1-3；The circular mode molding box (3) by
Model casing pedestal (3-1) and the cylindric model cabinet frame (3-2) being welded on pedestal composition；The model casing pedestal (3-1) by
Bottom plate (3-1-1) and support (3-1-2) composition, bottom plate (3-1-1) are directly welded on support (3-1-2)；Bottom plate (the 3-1-
1) circular hole (3-1-3) is equipped at center, the circular hole (3-1-3) is identical as the diameter of model tubular pole (1-3)；
Model tubular pole-cement soil contact face sample (2-5), and model tubular pole (1- are placed at circular mode molding box (3) center
3) lower end is located in circular hole (3-1-3)；Sandy soils (3-3) has been filled inside the circular mode molding box (3)；The sandy soils
The bottom (3-3) is equipped with one layer of geotextiles (3-6)；Several vertical rigid pipes (3-4), the rigid pipe are fixed on bottom plate
(3-4) is equipped with several soil pressure sensors (3-5)；
The loading motor (5) is located above model tubular pole (1-3) and is fixed on reaction beam (4)；The reaction beam (4) is logical
2 I-steel (4-1) are crossed to be welded on model casing pedestal (3-1).
5. tubular pole according to claim 4-cement soil contact face frictional behavior research shearing test device, feature exist
In the diameter and large-diameter circular mold (2-1) diameter ratio of the circular mode molding box (3) are not less than 10.
6. tubular pole according to claim 4-cement soil contact face frictional behavior research shearing test device, feature exist
In the rigid pipe (3-4) is uniformly distributed around model tubular pole-cement soil contact face sample (2-5).
7. tubular pole according to claim 4-cement soil contact face frictional behavior research shearing test device, feature exist
In the limit loaded value of the loading motor is 100kN, stroke 50mm.
8. tubular pole according to claim 4-cement soil contact face frictional behavior research shearing test device, feature exist
In the loading speed range of the loading motor is 0.1-5mm/min.
9. using such as the described in any item tubular poles of claim 4-8-cement soil contact face frictional behavior research shearing test device
Test method, which comprises the steps of:
Firstly, circular die (1-1), is embedded into the circular groove (1-2- at the center bottom plate (1-2) by production model tubular pole (1-3)
1) in, then the concrete stirred evenly is put into circular die (1-1), pipe pile die (1) is then put into shake table
Model tubular pole (1-3) is taken out from pipe pile die (1) after upper vibration 5 minutes, concrete curing 28-60 days；
Then, model tubular pole (1-3) is put into the circular groove (2-2-1) at the center bottom plate (2-2), and by large-diameter circular
Mold (2-1) is embedded in concavity annulus (2-2-2), then between model tubular pole (1-3) and large-diameter circular mold (2-1)
(2-3) pours into the cement soil sample (2-4) stirred evenly in space, by model tubular pole-soil cement after soil cement maintenance 28-90 days
Contact surface sample (2-5) takes out from contact surface sampling die (2)；Model tubular pole-cement soil contact face sample (2-5) is put into
To at circular mode molding box (3) center, and the model tubular pole lower end (1-3) is located at the circular hole (3-1-3) at circular model bottom plate center
In, the bottom of cement soil sample (2-4) is located on bottom plate (3-1-1)；One layer of geotextiles (3-6) is laid on bottom plate (3-1-1)；
Several vertical rigid pipes (3-4) are then installed on bottom plate (3-1-1), several soil pressures are installed on rigid pipe (3-4) and are passed
Sensor (3-5) is uniformly distributed the rigid pipe (3-4) around model tubular pole-cement soil contact face sample (2-5)；Then exist
Sand is filled in space between the cylindric model cabinet frame (3-2) of circular mode molding box 3 and tubular pole-cement soil contact face (2-5)
Soil layer (3-3)；Model tubular pole (1-3) is loaded by loading motor (5).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910586239.4A CN110359500A (en) | 2019-07-01 | 2019-07-01 | A kind of tubular pole-cement soil contact face sample preparation device and contact surface frictional behavior research shearing test device and test method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910586239.4A CN110359500A (en) | 2019-07-01 | 2019-07-01 | A kind of tubular pole-cement soil contact face sample preparation device and contact surface frictional behavior research shearing test device and test method |
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| CN110359500A true CN110359500A (en) | 2019-10-22 |
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| CN201910586239.4A Pending CN110359500A (en) | 2019-07-01 | 2019-07-01 | A kind of tubular pole-cement soil contact face sample preparation device and contact surface frictional behavior research shearing test device and test method |
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| CN106769478A (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2017-05-31 | 浙江大学 | A kind of pile-soil interface shearing test device |
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| CN210684813U (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2020-06-05 | 浙江大学 | Tubular pile-cement soil contact surface sample preparation device and friction characteristic research device thereof |
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2019
- 2019-07-01 CN CN201910586239.4A patent/CN110359500A/en active Pending
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1609346A (en) * | 2003-10-20 | 2005-04-27 | 胡柏英 | Superposed pile structure and construction method |
| JP2006022623A (en) * | 2004-07-09 | 2006-01-26 | Kubota Corp | Soil cement composite pile and its construction method |
| CN106769478A (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2017-05-31 | 浙江大学 | A kind of pile-soil interface shearing test device |
| CN207189941U (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2018-04-06 | 江苏腾晖电力技术有限公司 | Foundation pile for Frozen Ground Area photovoltaic bracket |
| CN210684813U (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2020-06-05 | 浙江大学 | Tubular pile-cement soil contact surface sample preparation device and friction characteristic research device thereof |
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| Title |
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| 刘汉龙;任连伟;郑浩;肖耀祖;: "高喷插芯组合桩荷载传递机制足尺模型试验研究", 岩土力学, no. 05, pages 1395 - 1401 * |
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