CN110355997A - 3d打印用刮刀及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

3d打印用刮刀及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN110355997A
CN110355997A CN201910659435.XA CN201910659435A CN110355997A CN 110355997 A CN110355997 A CN 110355997A CN 201910659435 A CN201910659435 A CN 201910659435A CN 110355997 A CN110355997 A CN 110355997A
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printing
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吕忠利
迟磊
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Shandong Chui Laser Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及3D打印用刮刀及其制备方法和应用，其中3D打印用刮刀其特征在于，由刮刀和不粘层组成。本申请可以提高3D打印的质量，减少物料消耗。

Description

3D打印用刮刀及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明涉及3D打印用刮刀及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
3D打印(3DP)即快速成型技术的一种，它是一种以数字模型文件为基础，运用粉末状金属或塑料等可粘合材料，通过逐层打印的方式来构造物体的技术。
3D打印通常是采用数字技术材料打印机来实现的。常在模具制造、工业设计等领域被用于制造模型，后逐渐用于一些产品的直接制造，已经有使用这种技术打印而成的零部件。该技术在珠宝、鞋类、工业设计、建筑、工程和施工(AEC)、汽车，航空航天、牙科和医疗产业、教育、地理信息系统、土木工程、枪支以及其他领域都有所应用。
目前3D打印精度普遍不高，为了提高3D打印的精度，通常是在构建三维模型时，将切片设置的很薄，此种方法虽然可以提高3D打印的精度，然而3D打印逐层打印是以切片为基准，这就增加了打印层数，致使生产效率低下，生产成本增加。将切片设置的略厚则打印出的产品表面较为粗糙，这就增加了后续加工的麻烦，甚至有的产品即使通过后续加工也无法使用，成为了次品，目前尚未有不依靠调整3D打印的切片以提高打印精度的方法，也没有既可以提高3D打印的精度又可以提高生产效率，节约生产成本的方法。
3D打印由于切片比较薄，而3D打印又是以切片为基准进行的逐层打印，因此每次打印用的粉料很少，为了既节约成本又提高打印效率，每次铺入的粉料都是精准计量的，然后通过刮刀将所铺的粉刮入打印料仓中，目前尚未有更精准加入粉料的方法。
发明内容
本发明提供3D打印用刮刀及其制备方法和应用，解决技术问题是提高3D打印精度，提高生产效率；2)精准加入粉料，减少物料损失。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明采用以下技术方案：
3D打印用刮刀，由刮刀和不粘层组成。
所述不粘层材料为特氟龙、二氧化硅、二氧化铝和陶瓷中的一种或几种。所述刮刀材质为不锈钢；所述不锈钢为奥氏体型；所述不粘层涂布于刮刀用于刮料的一侧。
3D打印用刮刀的制备方法，按照以下步骤进行：
1)设计刮刀并制备刮刀粗胚：根据3D打印机的机型设计并制备与之相对应的刮刀粗胚；
2)喷砂处理：对刮刀进行喷砂处理，使刮刀表面达到Sa1级及其以上；
3)喷涂不粘层：对刮刀的处理面喷涂不粘材料；
4)固化：将喷涂完的刮刀放入加热装置中进行加热，固化后冷却，即得3D打印用刮刀。
优选地，步骤2)中所用喷砂为钢砂、金刚砂、石英砂和精制石英砂中的一种或几种。
优选地，步骤4)中加热温度为300～800℃。
优选地，还包括抛光。
优选地，所述抛光为采用1/4μm至9μm的钻石研磨膏进行抛光，使用钻石研磨膏的顺序为由粗到细。
3D打印用刮刀的应用，将3D打印用刮刀用于3D打印机中。
发明具有以下有益技术效果：
1.本申请通过在原本刮刀的基础上喷涂不粘层，可以防止3D打印用的粉料粘在刮刀上，进一步提高粉料的加入精度。
2.本身通过涂抹不粘层，可以减少不锈钢的比表面积，减少刮刀与粉料之间的摩擦力，减少刮刀产生静电和磁性的几率，提高粉料加入的精准度。
2.本申请刮刀不锈钢材质采用奥氏体型，其目的是进一步提高刮入粉料的精准度，由于3D打印是采用激光灼烧的逐层打印工艺，每层厚度很薄，打印时需要连续不断的将粉料刮入到打印料仓中，这就需要刮刀与粉料在热的环境中长时间的摩擦，而热环境的长时间摩擦则可能使磁性材料产生较强的磁性，对粉料进行吸附，以致影响到刮入粉料的精准性；而本申请选用奥氏体型不锈钢为无磁性材料，因此，可以进一步提高刮入粉料的精度。
3.本申请可以提高3D打印的精度，3D打印在打印前根据粉料的加入量对激光的功率进行了固定设定，因此，粉料加入量的稳定直接影响到了产品质量，粉料加入少则可能出现过烧，加入量多则会出现烧不透，最终反应到产品上都是表面粗糙，影响产品质量。
4.本申请可以减少物料的浪费，节约生产成本。
说明书附图
图1为使用未涂不粘层的刮刀，制备的义齿显微镜视图；
图2为使用实施例2的刮刀，制备的义齿显微镜视图。
图3为使用实施例3的刮刀，制备的义齿显微镜视图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实例进一步说明本发明。
实施例1
3D打印用刮刀，由刮刀和不粘层组成。
实施例2
3D打印用刮刀，由刮刀和不粘层组成；所述不粘层涂布于刮刀用于刮料的一侧，及其相邻的两侧。
所述刮刀材质为不锈钢；所述不锈钢为马氏体型，型号为410。
所述不粘层材料为特氟龙。
3D打印用刮刀的制备方法，按照以下步骤进行：
1)设计刮刀并制备刮刀粗胚：根据3D打印机的机型设计并制备与之相对应的刮刀粗胚；
2)喷砂处理：对刮刀粗胚进行喷砂处理，使刮刀表面达到Sa1级及其以上；
3)喷涂不粘层：对刮刀的处理面喷涂不粘材料；
4)固化：将喷涂完的刮刀放入加热装置中进行加热，固化后冷却，即得3D打印用刮刀。
实施例3
3D打印用刮刀，由刮刀和不粘层组成；所述不粘层涂布于刮刀用于刮料的一侧。
所述不粘层材料为特氟龙。
所述刮刀材质为不锈钢；所述不锈钢为奥氏体型，型号为304。
3D打印用刮刀的制备方法，按照以下步骤进行：
1)设计刮刀并制备刮刀粗胚：根据3D打印机的机型设计并制备与之相对应的刮刀粗胚；
2)喷砂处理：对刮刀进行喷砂处理，使刮刀表面达到Sa1级及其以上；
3)喷涂不粘层：对刮刀的处理面喷涂不粘材料；
4)固化：将喷涂完的刮刀放入加热装置中进行加热，固化后冷却，进行抛光处理，即得3D打印用刮刀。
加热温度为600℃。
实施例4
3D打印用刮刀，其特征在于，由刮刀和不粘层组成。
所述不粘层材料为特氟龙和二氧化硅。
所述刮刀材质为不锈钢；所述不锈钢为奥氏体型。
3D打印用刮刀的制备方法，按照以下步骤进行：
1)设计刮刀并制备刮刀粗胚：根据3D打印机的机型设计并制备与之相对应的刮刀粗胚；
2)喷砂处理：对刮刀进行喷砂处理，使刮刀表面达到Sa1级及其以上；
3)喷涂不粘层：对刮刀的处理面喷涂二氧化硅涂料，固化后喷涂特氟龙。
4)固化：将喷涂完的刮刀放入加热装置中进行加热，固化后冷却，即得3D打印用刮刀。
所用喷砂为金刚砂。
加热温度为700℃。
3D打印用刮刀的应用，其特征在于，将3D打印用刮刀用于3D打印机中。
实施例5
3D打印用刮刀，其特征在于，由刮刀和不粘层组成。
所述不粘层材料为特氟龙和二氧化硅。
所述刮刀材质为不锈钢；所述不锈钢为奥氏体型。
3D打印用刮刀的制备方法，按照以下步骤进行：
1)设计刮刀并制备刮刀粗胚：根据3D打印机的机型设计并制备与之相对应的刮刀粗胚；
2)喷砂处理：对刮刀进行喷砂处理，使刮刀表面达到Sa1级及其以上；
3)喷涂不粘层：对刮刀的处理面喷涂二氧化硅过渡层，固化后喷涂α-Al2O3。
4)固化：将喷涂完的刮刀放入加热装置中进行加热，固化后冷却，进行抛光，即得3D打印用刮刀。
所用喷砂为石英砂。
加热温度为300℃。
3D打印用刮刀的应用，其特征在于，将3D打印用刮刀用于3D打印机中。
所述抛光为采用1/4μm和1μm的钻石研磨膏进行抛光，使用钻石研磨膏的顺序为由粗到细。
下面结合实验数据进一步说明本发明的有益效果：
实验一
摩擦力检测
1.1检测方法：按照《GB/T10006塑料薄膜和薄片摩擦系数测定方法》规定进行检测。
1.2实验对象：对比1(除未涂不粘层外，其它与实施例3均一致)和实施例3。
2.实验结果见表1
表1
由表1可以看出，本申请可以降低摩擦系数，减少摩擦，防止产生静电和磁性，使用时更稳定。
实验二
刮入料实验
1.1检测方法：称量刮入前物料的质量和使用刮刀刮入后料仓中物料的质量；连续测试1000次，各数值取平均值。
1.2检测对象：对比1(除未涂不粘层外，其它与实施例3均一致)和实施例3。
2.实验结果见表2
表2
由表2可以看出，本申请在使用时，具有较高的精度；其中实施例2和实施例3数据可以看出，不锈钢采用奥氏体型可以更好的提高刮料的准确度。
通过同一台设备，同一个班次比较，原先打印钴铬合金义齿(重量为4g)，所需粉料重量为4.2324g；使用实施例3刮刀所需粉料重量是4.2207g；而使用实施例3刮刀所需粉料重量是4.2138g，由此可见，可以减少粉料的使用量，节约生产成本。
实验三
质量检测
实验方法：随机选取使用对比1(除未涂不粘层外，其它与实施例3均一致)、实施例2和实施例3生产的义齿，用显微镜观察义齿凹槽内的情况。
检测结果：使用实施例3的刮刀打印出的产品，外观更光洁，质量更好。

Claims (9)

1.3D打印用刮刀，其特征在于，由刮刀和不粘层组成。
2.如权利要求1所述3D打印用刮刀，其特征在于，所述不粘层材料为特氟龙、二氧化硅、二氧化铝和陶瓷中的一种或几种。
3.如权利要求1所述3D打印用刮刀，其特征在于，所述刮刀材质奥氏体型不锈钢；所述不粘层涂布于刮刀用于刮料的一侧。
4.3D打印用刮刀的制备方法，其特征在于，按照以下步骤进行：
1)设计刮刀并制备刮刀粗胚：根据3D打印机的机型设计并制备与之相对应的刮刀粗胚；
2)喷砂处理：对刮刀粗胚进行喷砂处理，使刮刀表面达到Sa1级及其以上；
3)喷涂不粘层：对刮刀的处理面喷涂不粘材料；
4)固化：将喷涂完的刮刀放入加热装置中进行加热，固化后冷却，即得3D打印用刮刀。
5.如权利要求4所述3D打印用刮刀的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤2)中所用喷砂为钢砂、金刚砂、石英砂和精制石英砂中的一种或几种。
6.如权利要求4所述3D打印用刮刀的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤4)中加热温度为300～800℃。
7.如权利要求4至6任意一项所述3D打印用刮刀的制备方法，其特征在于，还包括抛光。
8.如权利要求7所述3D打印用刮刀的制备方法，其特征在于，所述抛光为采用1/4μm至9μm的钻石研磨膏进行抛光，使用钻石研磨膏的顺序为由粗到细。
9.3D打印用刮刀的应用，其特征在于，将3D打印用刮刀应用于3D打印机中。
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