CN110355699B - 一种铝基金刚石复合材料elid磨削用砂轮及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种铝基金刚石复合材料elid磨削用砂轮及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种铝基金刚石复合材料ELID磨削用砂轮及其制备方法,该砂轮的磨料为金刚石或立方氮化硼粉末,砂轮金属结合剂成分为:45%~50%的铁粉,40%~45%的铜粉,5~15%的钴、镍、钛、锡、银等添加剂,采用热压真空烧结。工艺包括以下步骤:将金刚石或立方氮化硼按100%~180%浓度配料后与铁粉、铜粉及金属添加剂放在一起混合搅拌均匀,然后进行热压成型压制,压制压力为18MPa。压制完成后,放入真空烧结炉烧结6~7小时。烧结完成后,冷却至25~35℃后脱模并修型修整,得到本发明的砂轮。本发明解决了铝基金刚石复合材料在磨削加工过程中砂轮磨损和堵塞严重、加工效率低、加工表面缺陷较多,难以实现精密加工等加工难题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种铝基金刚石复合材料ELID磨削用砂轮及其制备方法属于机械精密加工技术领域。
背景技术
在铝基金刚石复合材料精密磨削加工中,由于增强相金刚石硬度大,基体铝软,导致复合材料在磨削过程中出现砂轮堵塞、磨损严重、磨削力大、磨削温度高,加工效率低、表面容易烧伤、表面质量不稳定,难以实现精密加工。本发明所设计的砂轮,具有在磨削加工过程中几何形状精度保持性好、耐磨损、结合剂对磨粒的把持力强,能够在线电解修锐砂轮同时也能电解去除堵塞砂轮表面上的铝基磨屑,解决铝基金刚石复合材料的加工难题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对精密镜面磨削铝基金刚石复合材料加工中出现的砂轮磨损和堵塞严重、加工效率低、加工表面质量差等现象,提出一种铝基金刚石复合材料ELID磨削用砂轮及其制备方法。该砂轮可以实现在线电解修锐和在线电解去除附着在砂轮表面的铝基磨屑,砂轮电解生成的氧化膜有助于实现对铝基金刚石复合材料的精密磨削表面进行研、磨、抛一体化精密镜面加工,实现对铝基金刚石复合材料的精密和超精密加工。本发明提出的砂轮可在线修锐,形状精度保性好,磨削比和磨削精度高,能够有效解决磨削加工过程时铝基金刚石复合材料中增强相(金刚石)硬度大、基体软(铝)断屑困难易,导致的刀具磨损严重、加工效率低等问题。同时砂轮在电解修锐时生成的氧化膜即可以防止砂轮过度电解,又可在光磨阶段对工件进行研磨抛为一体化镜面加工,提高表面加工质量。因此该砂轮适用于硬脆材料及其复合材料的精密镜面磨削加工
本发明所提供的砂轮是一种铝基金刚石复合材料ELID磨削用砂轮,其特征在于,磨料为金刚石,砂轮结合剂的成分为:质量百分比为45%~50%的铁粉,40%~45%的铜粉,5~15%的钴、镍、钛、锡和银等添加剂,采用热压成型的方法压制成型,真空烧结炉烧结而成;利用真空环境能够有效地防止金属结合剂成分发生氧化。
一种铝基金刚石复合材料ELID磨削用砂轮的制备方法,该制备方法选用热压烧结制作工艺制作,所述的热压成型制作工艺过程如图1所示,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤(1)将金刚石或立方氮化硼按100%~180%浓度配料,将经过表面镀铜工艺的金刚石或立方氮化硼颗粒与铁粉、铜粉放在一起混合搅拌均匀,在搅拌前加入3%-5%的乙醇,使粉料呈颗粒状后再搅拌混合,有助于各种成分粉料之间的充分混合;
步骤(2)将钴、镍、钛、锡、银等添加剂粉末一并加入混料机中进行混合;
步骤(3)混料完成后,在模具表面涂抹脱模剂,然后将混好的粉料放入模具中,进行热压成型处理,热压成型的压力为18MPa,进行三次压制:①初压,使之成型;②抬起,排空气,再压;③再抬,再压;
步骤(4)压制完成后,放入真空烧结炉进行烧结,烧结温度为880℃,烧结环境为真空气氛,烧结时间为6~7小时;
步骤(5)烧结完成后,进行炉冷,冷却到室温后制得胚件,将胚件取出,放置在空气中进行自然冷却至25~35℃后脱模;
步骤(6)脱模完成后,对砂轮进行修型修整,得到成品砂轮。
步骤(1)中加入少量乙醇可以使磨料呈球形颗粒状,更紧密的与铁粉粘结在一起,在磨料周围包附一层铁粉,克服了超硬磨料比重过小的缺点,并且在烧结时有利于磨粒同结合剂之间的结合。
如图2所示是本发明砂轮的烧结曲线示意图,烧结温度误差必须控制在±5℃之内。将烧结温度在1-1.5小时内匀速升至300-550℃;保温1-1.5小时后,经过0.6-0.7小时匀速升至500-600℃;保温1-1.5小时后,经过0.6-0.7小时均匀升至550-750℃;保温1-1.5小时后,经过0.6-0.7小时匀速升至700-850℃;保温1-1.5小时后,经过0.6-0.7小时匀速升至900-950℃;保温1.5-2小时后,冷却至室温。
本发明的砂轮具有以下特点:
1)砂轮以金属结合剂(铁、铜为主要成分)和铜镀层金刚石或立方氮化硼粉末为原料制备而成,砂轮强度和硬度大,镀铜后的金刚石和立方氮化硼磨粒有很强的把持力,当磨削力较大时,磨粒也不易脱落,砂轮磨削性能好,使用寿命高。
2)砂轮结合剂中以铁和铜为主要成分,与其他各种金属添加剂粉末的合理配比,保证砂轮在磨削过程中可进行在线电解修锐。通过控制电解和磨削速度,增加去除效率、使参加磨削的磨粒数量多而稳定,工件去除量均匀、有效解决铝基金刚石复合材料在加工过程中出现刀具磨损严重、加工效率低、加工表面缺陷较多、加工表面质量不稳定、切削力增加严重、铝基体磨屑堵塞砂轮等加工难题。
3)砂轮磨料层中结合剂成份和磨料合理的搭配和相应的压制成型、烧结过程,保证砂轮在线电解修锐时电解去除速度均匀可控,表面生成的氧化膜质地均匀、致密、附着力强,能够实现研、磨、抛为一体的精密和超精密加工。
附图说明
图1一种铝基金刚石复合材料ELID磨削用砂轮制作工艺过程;
图2一种铝基金刚石复合材料ELID磨削用砂轮的烧结曲线;
具体实施方式
对比实施例1
实施条件:M7130型平面磨床,一种铝基金刚石复合材料ELID磨削用砂轮和树脂结合剂金刚石砂轮各一片,砂轮的粒度为120#,砂轮转速V=2500r/min,工作台移动速度f=7.5m/min,砂轮进给量ap=20μm,工件材料为铝基金刚石复合材料。
一种铝基金刚石复合材料ELID磨削用砂轮1是按如下方法制作的:
磨料:120#粒度,130%浓度的镀铜金刚石磨料。
结合剂:由50%的铁粉,40%的铜粉,2%的钴粉、2%镍粉、2%钛粉、2%锡粉、2%银粉配制而成的,其中百分比为质量百分比。
烧结方法:采用上述热压真空烧结炉烧结法制作砂轮。
对比实施例2
实施条件:M7130型平面磨床,一种铝基金刚石复合材料ELID磨削用砂轮和陶瓷结合剂超硬磨料砂轮各一片,砂轮的粒度为120#,砂轮转速V=2500r/min,工作台移动速度f=7.5m/min,砂轮进给量ap=20μm,工件材料为铝基金刚石复合材料。
一种铝基金刚石复合材料ELID磨削用砂轮2是按如下方法制作的:
磨料:120#粒度,130%浓度的镀铜金刚石和立方氮化硼混合磨料。
结合剂:50%的铁粉,45%的铜粉,1%的钴粉、1%的镍粉、1%的钛粉、1%的锡粉、1%的银粉,其中百分比为质量百分比。
烧结方法:采用上述热压真空烧结炉烧结法制作砂轮。
表1为一种铝基金刚石复合材料ELID磨削用砂轮1和树脂结合剂金刚石砂轮磨削铝基金刚石复合材料的磨削效果对比表。
表2为一种铝基金刚石复合材料ELID磨削用砂轮2和陶瓷结合剂金刚石砂轮磨削铝基金刚石复合材料的磨削效果对比表。
表1一种铝基金刚石复合材料ELID磨削用砂轮1和树脂结合剂金刚石砂轮磨削铝基金刚石复合材料的磨削效果对比表
表2一种铝基金刚石复合材料ELID磨削用砂轮2和陶瓷结合剂金刚石砂轮磨削铝基金刚石复合材料的磨削效果对比表
Claims (3)
1.一种铝基金刚石复合材料ELID磨削用砂轮的制备方法,铝基金刚石复合材料ELID磨削用砂轮,磨料为金刚石,砂轮结合剂的成分为:质量百分比为45%~50%的铁粉,40%~45%的铜粉,5~15%的钴、镍、钛、锡和银添加剂,采用热压成型的方法压制成型,真空烧结炉烧结而成;利用真空环境能够有效地防止金属结合剂成分发生氧化;该制备方法选用热压烧结制作工艺制作,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤(1)将金刚石或立方氮化硼按100%~180%浓度配料,将经过表面镀铜工艺的金刚石或立方氮化硼颗粒与铁粉、铜粉放在一起混合搅拌均匀,在搅拌前加入3%-5%的乙醇,使粉料呈颗粒状后再搅拌混合,有助于各种成分粉料之间的充分混合;
步骤(2)将钴、镍、钛、锡、银添加剂粉末一并加入混料机中进行混合;
步骤(3)混料完成后,在模具表面涂抹脱模剂,然后将混好的粉料放入模具中,进行热压成型处理,热压成型的压力为18MPa,进行三次压制:①初压,使之成型;②抬起,排空气,再压;③再抬,再压;
步骤(4)压制完成后,放入真空烧结炉进行烧结,烧结温度为880℃,烧结环境为真空气氛,烧结时间为6~7小时;
步骤(5)烧结完成后,进行炉冷,冷却到室温后制得胚件,将胚件取出,放置在空气中进行自然冷却至25~35℃后脱模;
步骤(6)脱模完成后,对砂轮进行修型修整,得到成品砂轮;
烧结温度误差控制在±5℃之内;将烧结温度在1-1.5小时内匀速升至300-550℃;保温1-1.5小时后,经过0.6-0.7小时匀速升至500-600℃;保温1-1.5小时后,经过0.6-0.7小时均匀升至550-750℃;保温1-1.5小时后,经过0.6-0.7小时匀速升至700-850℃;保温1-1.5小时后,经过0.6-0.7小时匀速升至900-950℃;保温1.5-2小时后,冷却至室温。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种铝基金刚石复合材料ELID磨削用砂轮的制备方法,其特征在于:砂轮脱模完成后的修型修整加工工艺为电火花加工。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种铝基金刚石复合材料ELID磨削用砂轮的制备方法,其特征在于:砂轮的磨料为金属镀层后的金刚石或立方氮化硼颗粒,镀层金属为铜。
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