CN110353859B - 一种3d打印个性化肋骨置换假体及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种3d打印个性化肋骨置换假体及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110353859B
CN110353859B CN201910702149.7A CN201910702149A CN110353859B CN 110353859 B CN110353859 B CN 110353859B CN 201910702149 A CN201910702149 A CN 201910702149A CN 110353859 B CN110353859 B CN 110353859B
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prosthesis
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endoprosthesis
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郝永强
谭嘉
沈陆
姜闻博
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Ninth Peoples Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种3D打印个性化肋骨置换假体及其制备方法,该置换假体包含:假体本体,其形状全真模拟需替换肋骨形状,具有两端口,该两端口分别与待重建的两残骨断口匹配对接;及,分别设置在假体本体两端的连接件;其中,假体本体包含内假体,及包覆在内假体外周的外假体,且,位于假体本体的两端口的内假体未被外假体覆盖;内假体具有微孔隙结构;外假体为光滑的实心结构。本发明提供的3D打印个性化肋骨置换假体,可完全代替代肋骨缺损部位,牢固的连接肋骨部分切除后的残骨,术后,微孔隙结构促进残骨长入连接,最大程度的完成原始骨形态恢复,且长期使用不易移位;不会摩擦损伤连接处的骨质,以及其周围的血管、神经,使用寿命长。

Description

一种3D打印个性化肋骨置换假体及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及骨修复技术领域,具体涉及一种3D打印个性化肋骨置换假体及其制备方法。
背景技术
胸廓肿瘤是肿瘤好发部位之一,需要进行手术切除。传统手术方法是将肿瘤与累及肋骨完整切除,而肋骨切除后胸廓的缺乏完整性,会影响心肺功能(胸廓功能),因此,如何在肋骨切除术后保留胸廓功能,即,修复重建,显得尤为重要。
肋骨切除手术的重建方法包括:直接缝合、肌瓣成形、钢丝拉拢、克氏针固定以及人工肋。前四种方法仅适用于小段的肋骨缺损,且钢丝拉拢和克氏针固定有松脱、破裂及发生疼痛的缺点。而市场上现有的假体(人工肋)无法弥补肋骨的大量骨缺损,且不同患者肋骨缺损的部位、长短不一,手术修复重建困难,并且假体与原始骨形态不匹配,无法精准重建。
而且,现有的肋骨假体与周围骨骼无法融合一体,不具备生物固定等功能,存在假体远期固定松动可能。另外,传统假体在胸廓呼吸运动过程中不仅会磨损骨与假体连接处的骨质,导致假体松动,还会损伤肋骨下缘的神经、血管。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种个性化的肋骨置换假体,其能在术后逐渐与残骨融合为一体,不易导致远期松动移位,不会在胸廓呼吸运动过程中磨损骨与假体连接处的骨质,或,肋骨下缘的神经、血管,适用于大段肋骨重建。
为了达到上述目的,本发明提供了一种3D打印个性化肋骨置换假体,其包含:
假体本体,其形状全真模拟需替换肋骨形状,具有两端口,该两端口分别与待重建的两残骨断口匹配对接;及
分别设置在假体本体两端的连接件,其用于与残骨固定连接;
其中,所述的假体本体包含内假体,及包覆在内假体外周的外假体,且,位于假体本体的两端口的内假体未被所述的外假体覆盖;所述的内假体具有微孔隙结构;所述的外假体为光滑的实心结构。
较佳地,所述的连接件与所述端口的外假体连接,厚度与外假体相当。
较佳地,所述的连接件包含:与残骨接触的融合层,及,设置在融合层外部的固定连接层。该融合层具有微孔隙结构,所述的固定连接层为表面光滑的实心结构。在使用状态下,该连接件包覆残骨。本发明的连接件采用实心结构与微孔隙结构的结合,使假体的各项生物学功能与人体的骨头更接近,实现更好的生物相容性。
较佳地,所述的连接件还包含:螺钉孔及与其匹配的骨质螺钉,用于固定连接残骨与连接件。
较佳地,所述的骨质螺钉选择皮质骨螺钉或松质骨螺钉。
较佳地,所述的融合层的孔隙率在60%-80%,融合层的厚度为1.5mm-2.0mm。
较佳地,所述的连接件的长度为30-60mm。
较佳地,所述的微孔隙结构的孔径为600μm~800μm。
较佳地,所述的假体本体还设置有镂空部,用于调整假体本体的质量以及弹性模量与需替换肋骨相当。
本发明还提供了一项上述的3D打印个性化肋骨置换假体的制备方法,该方法包含:
步骤1,将待重建的肋骨部的影像信息输入至处理系统中;
步骤2,采用处理系统内置的处理软件,处理输入的影像信息,获得完好状态的肋骨部的影像信息;
步骤3,设计本发明的个性化肋骨置换假体的各项打印参数:
步骤3.1,通过调整内假体的孔隙的孔径及孔隙率,使得假体本体的弹性模量与完好状态的肋骨相当;
步骤3.2,在假体本体两端设计连接部,并模拟使其包覆残骨;
步骤4,通过3D打印机打印制备上述设计好的个性化肋骨置换假体。
本发明的假体本体、连接件均采用实心结构与微孔隙结构的结合,使假体的各项生物学功能与人体的骨头更接近,实现更好的生物相容性。本发明提供的一种3D打印个性化肋骨假体,可完全代替代肋骨缺损部位,牢固的连接肋骨部分切除后的残骨,术后,微孔隙结构促进残骨长入连接,最大程度的完成原始骨形态恢复,且长期使用不易移位;光滑的实心结构不会摩擦损伤连接处的骨质,以及其周围的血管、神经,使用寿命长。
附图说明
图1为本发明的一种3D打印个性化肋骨置换假体的主视图。
图2为本发明的一种3D打印个性化肋骨置换假体的后视图。
图3为本发明的一种3D打印个性化肋骨置换假体模拟安装后状态示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和实施例对本发明的技术方案做进一步的说明。
本文所述的“残骨”是指手术切除后的两段剩余骨,该两段剩余骨之间为缺失部,缺失部采用人工假体替代重建。重建时,将人工假体两端分别与残骨的两断口对接。
如图1、2所示,为本发明的一种3D打印个性化肋骨置换假体,包含:
假体本体10,其完全全真模拟需替换肋骨形状;该假体本体10具有两端口11,该两端口11分别与待重建的两残骨断口匹配对接;及
分别设置在假体本体两端的连接件20,其用于与残骨固定连接;
其中,所述的假体本体10包含内假体101,及包覆在内假体外周的外假体102,且,位于假体本体的两端口11的内假体101未被所述的外假体102覆盖,即,内假体的两端部未被覆盖,呈裸露状态,以作为融合面,在与残骨断口对接、接触后,能够让骨头向假体内的孔隙长入。所述的内假体101具有微孔隙结构;所述的外假体102为表面光滑的实心结构。由于骨头周围有血管神经,假体本体外部(可能与周围血管神经等接触部)需要选择光滑的实心结构,以避免摩擦可能导致的磨损。
本文所述的“全真模拟需替换肋骨形状”是指通过计算系统控制完全模拟肋骨损坏需替换重建的肋骨部分的形状,包括外轮廓及尺寸。也就是说,本发明的肋骨置换假体的假体本体与需重建的肋骨损坏前尺寸、外形完全一致。该假体本体10的两端口也分别与残骨断口匹配,无缝或者几乎无缝对接。
所述的微孔隙结构的孔径为600μm~800μm。微孔隙结构为多个相互连通的微孔隙构成的多向微孔隙结构,以有助于骨整合与骨长入。优选地,孔隙形状呈钻石形,每个面都可与其相邻的孔相通。这样的多孔结构可使得假体的弹性模量更接近人的骨头。
所述的“实心结构”是指结构致密,无孔隙。
一些较佳的实施例中,所述的假体本体10还设置有镂空部12,用于调整假体本体10的质量、弹性模量与需替换肋骨相当。
所述的连接件20与所述端口11的一侧外假体102连接,厚度与外假体102相当,如图2所示,用于包覆与该假体本体对接的残骨的部分,通常是靠近残骨断口的部分。所述的连接件的长度为30-60mm。所述的连接件20具有层状结构,包含:与残骨接触的融合层201,及设置在融合层外部的固定连接层202。所述的融合层201也具有微孔隙结构,孔隙率约为60%-80%,融合层201与残骨面接触,能够让骨头向假体内的孔隙长入,辅助固定。融合层201的厚度一般为1.5mm-2.0mm。固定连接层202呈光滑的实心结构,其厚度一般为3.0mm-3.5mm。
一些较佳的实施例中,所述的连接件20还包含:螺钉孔203及与其匹配的骨质螺钉204,用于固定连接残骨与连接件。所述的骨质螺钉可根据需要选择皮质骨螺钉或松质骨螺钉。在初始植入本发明的假体时,可以通过骨螺钉进行初期固定,防止假体移位。
本发明的假体本体、连接件均采用实心结构与微孔隙结构的结合,使假体的各项生物学功能与人体的骨头更接近,实现更好的生物相容性。微孔隙结构是为了更好地骨长入以及让假体的弹性模量更接近人的骨头。
本发明的一种3D打印个性化肋骨置换假体的制备方法包含:
步骤1,将待重建的肋骨部(受损的,切除的肋骨)的影像信息(如CT/MRI等影像信息)输入至处理系统中;
步骤2,采用处理系统内置的处理软件,如mimics,处理输入的影像信息,获得完好状态(即健康状态,未受损状态)的肋骨部的影像信息;
步骤2.1,提取需要的影像参数;
步骤2.2,对提取的影像参数进行处理,修正以还原该肋骨部完好状态(受损前)的各项参数;
步骤2.3,获得完好状态的肋骨部的影像信息;
步骤3,设计本发明的个性化肋骨置换假体的各项打印参数:
步骤3.1,使用上述完好状态的肋骨部的影像信息,通过调整内假体的孔隙的孔径及孔隙率,使得假体本体的弹性模量与完好状态的肋骨足够接近;
步骤3.2,在假体本体10两端设计连接部20,并模拟使其包覆残骨1,如图3所示,覆盖面的长度约为47mm,宽度约为20mm;
步骤4,向3D打印机中输入上述设计好的各项打印参数,通过3D打印机打印,制备本发明的个性化肋骨置换假体。
本申请的假体主要是根据患者CT(Computed Tomography,电子计算机断层扫描)/MRI(Magnetic Resonance Imaging,磁共振成像)等影像数据逆向建模制作的等尺寸医用3D打印个性化假体,对大量缺损骨组织进行精准重建,完全代替了肋骨,牢固的连接肋骨残端,可以最大程度的满足原始骨形态恢复。该融合假体上设有融合面,假体融合面与人体骨质紧密贴合,融合面有微孔隙结构,该孔隙结构有利于骨细胞爬行长入发生骨融合达到远期稳定的目的。
尽管本发明的内容已经通过上述优选实施例作了详细介绍,但应当认识到上述的描述不应被认为是对本发明的限制。在本领域技术人员阅读了上述内容后,对于本发明的多种修改和替代都将是显而易见的。因此,本发明的保护范围应由所附的权利要求来限定。

Claims (10)

1.一种3D打印个性化肋骨置换假体,其特征在于,其包含:
假体本体,其形状全真模拟需替换肋骨形状,具有两端口,该两端口分别与待重建的两残骨断口匹配对接;及
分别设置在假体本体两端的连接件,其用于与残骨固定连接;
其中,所述的假体本体包含内假体,及,包覆在内假体外周的外假体,且,位于假体本体的两端口的内假体未被所述的外假体覆盖;所述的内假体具有微孔隙结构;所述微孔隙结构为多个相互连通的微孔隙构成的多向微孔隙结构;所述的外假体为表面光滑的实心结构。
2.如权利要求1所述的3D打印个性化肋骨置换假体,其特征在于,所述的连接件分别与所述两端口的外假体连接。
3.如权利要求1所述的3D打印个性化肋骨置换假体,其特征在于,所述的连接件包含:与残骨接触的融合层,及,设置在融合层外部的固定连接层;所述的融合层具有微孔隙结构,所述的固定连接层为表面光滑的实心结构。
4.如权利要求3所述的3D打印个性化肋骨置换假体,其特征在于,所述的连接件还包含:螺钉孔及与其匹配的骨质螺钉,用于固定连接残骨与连接件。
5.如权利要求3所述的3D打印个性化肋骨置换假体,其特征在于,所述的融合层的孔隙率在60%-80%,融合层的厚度为1.5mm-2.0mm。
6.如权利要求1所述的3D打印个性化肋骨置换假体,其特征在于,所述的连接件的长度为30-60mm。
7.如权利要求1所述的3D打印个性化肋骨置换假体,其特征在于,所述的微孔隙结构的孔径为600μm~800μm。
8.如权利要求1所述的3D打印个性化肋骨置换假体,其特征在于,所述的微孔隙结构包含的孔的形状呈钻石形。
9.如权利要求1所述的3D打印个性化肋骨置换假体,其特征在于,所述的假体本体还设置有镂空部。
10.一种根据权利要求1-9中任意一项所述的3D打印个性化肋骨置换假体的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法包含:
步骤1,将待重建的肋骨部的影像信息输入至处理系统中;
步骤2,采用处理系统内置的处理软件,处理输入的影像信息,获得完好状态的肋骨部的影像信息;
步骤3,设计本发明的个性化肋骨置换假体的各项打印参数:
步骤3.1,通过调整内假体的孔隙的孔径及孔隙率,使得假体本体的弹性模量与完好状态的肋骨相当;
步骤3.2,在假体本体两端设计连接部,并模拟使其包覆残骨;
步骤4,通过3D打印机打印制备上述设计好的个性化肋骨置换假体。
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