CN110350808A - 一种高效同步整流电路 - Google Patents

一种高效同步整流电路 Download PDF

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CN110350808A
CN110350808A CN201910544086.7A CN201910544086A CN110350808A CN 110350808 A CN110350808 A CN 110350808A CN 201910544086 A CN201910544086 A CN 201910544086A CN 110350808 A CN110350808 A CN 110350808A
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converter
chip microcontroller
detection unit
mosfet
voltage
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卢善锋
尹化锋
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Guangzhou Baoshan Electronic Technology Co Ltd
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Guangzhou Baoshan Electronic Technology Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/125Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for rectifiers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/125Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for rectifiers
    • H02H7/1252Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for rectifiers responsive to overvoltage in input or output, e.g. by load dump
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0009Devices or circuits for detecting current in a converter
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0048Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/322Means for rapidly discharging a capacitor of the converter for protecting electrical components or for preventing electrical shock
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种高效同步整流电路,包括开关变压器,所述开关变压器输入端设有电位器,所述开关变压器输出端设有DC/DC转换器,所述开关变压器与DC/DC转换器的连接线路上连接有检测单元A,所述DC/DC转换器输出端设有MOSFET功率器件和高速MOSFET栅极驱动器,所述高速MOSFET栅极驱动器输出端与MOSFET功率器件输入端连接,所述MOSFET功率器件连接端设有检测单元B。本发明采用通态电阻极低的MOSFET功率器件,能显著提高电源效率,在驱动较大功率的同步整流器时,单片机B控制高速MOSFET栅极驱动器工作,使栅极峰值驱动电流IG(PK)≥1A,取代整流二极管以降低整流损耗,大大提高DC/DC变换器的效率并且不存在由肖特基势垒电压而造成的死区电压。

Description

一种高效同步整流电路
技术领域
本发明涉及整流电路技术领域,更具体地说,本发明涉及一种高效同步整流电路。
背景技术
近年来,电子技术的发展,使得电路的工作电压越来越低、电流越来越大。低电压工作有利于降低电路的整体功率消耗,但也给电源设计提出了新的难题。开关电源的损耗主要由3部分组成:功率开关管的损耗,高频变压器的损耗,输出端整流管的损耗。在低电压、大电流输出的情况下,整流二极管的导通压降较高,输出端整流管的损耗尤为突出,导致整流损耗增大,电源效率降低。同步整流是采用通态电阻极低的专用功率MOSFET,来取代整流二极管以降低整流损耗的一项新技术。它能大大提高DC/DC变换器的效率并且不存在由肖特基势垒电压而造成的死区电压。
专利申请公布号CN 206602466 U的发明专利公开了一种高效同步整流电路,包括变压器绕组,与变压器绕组连接的具有采集次级线圈终端相位的采样模块以及与采样模块连接的逻辑控制模块,逻辑控制模块通过二极管把信号传递给信号放大模块;信号放大模块通过三极管将信号放大并传递给MOS管的栅级;MOS管为二次侧整流。
但是上述技术方案中提供的一种高效同步整流电路在实际运用时,仍旧存在较多缺点,如整个电路协调工作较差,输出的电压在负载工作效率改变时不能稳定输出,瞬态负载调节较差,并且当负载器件断开时,对于电路中的元件没有谐振保护,各元件易受损。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的上述缺陷,本发明的实施例提供一种高效同步整流电路,通过采用通态电阻极低的MOSFET功率器件,能显著提高电源效率,在驱动较大功率的同步整流器时,单片机B控制高速MOSFET栅极驱动器工作,使栅极峰值驱动电流IG(PK)≥1A,取代整流二极管以降低整流损耗,大大提高DC/DC变换器的效率并且不存在由肖特基势垒电压而造成的死区电压,通过检测单元A、检测单元B和检测单元C分别检测变压电路、整流电路和输出电路上的电压电流以及温度,从而协调控制整个电路上的电压电流,形成过压保护,使整个电路稳定运行,提高电源效率,同时也能够极大地帮助瞬态负载调节。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:一种高效同步整流电路,包括开关变压器,所述开关变压器输入端设有电位器,所述开关变压器输出端设有DC/DC转换器,所述开关变压器与DC/DC转换器的连接线路上连接有检测单元A,所述DC/DC转换器输出端设有MOSFET功率器件和高速MOSFET栅极驱动器,所述高速MOSFET栅极驱动器输出端与MOSFET功率器件输入端连接,所述MOSFET功率器件连接端设有检测单元B,所述MOSFET功率器件输出端设有负载器件,所述MOSFET功率器件与负载器件的连接线路上连接有检测单元C和高压限流熔断器,且并联连接有放电电路。
在一个优选地实施方式中,所述检测单元A包括电压互感器A、温度传感器A和单片机A,所述电压互感器A、温度传感器A通过A/D转换器与单片机A连接,所述单片机A通过D/A转换器与电位器和开关变压器连接。
在一个优选地实施方式中,所述检测单元B包括栅极峰值驱动电流传感器、电压互感器B和单片机B,所述栅极峰值驱动电流传感器和电压互感器B通过A/D转换器与单片机B连接,所述单片机B通过D/A转换器与高速MOSFET栅极驱动器连接。
在一个优选地实施方式中,所述检测单元C包括输出电流传感器、电压互感器C和单片机C,所述输出电流传感器和电压互感器C通过A/D转换器与单片机C连接,所述单片机C通过D/A转换器和无线模块与单片机A和单片机B连接。
在一个优选地实施方式中,所述放电电路包括X电容,所述X电容并联连接有两个放电电阻,两个所述放电电阻串联连接。
在一个优选地实施方式中,所述单片机C通过D/A转换器与X电容连接。
在一个优选地实施方式中,所述放电电路上设有开关,所述开关通过继电器与单片机C连接,所述放电电路接地。
本发明的技术效果和优点:
1、本发明利用低电压、大电流输入至DC/DC转换器时,DC/DC转换器转变输入电压后有效输出固定电压,检测单元A检测到稳定的电流后,控制高速MOSFET栅极驱动器驱动MOSFET功率器件,进行整流控制,采用通态电阻极低的MOSFET功率器件,能显著提高电源效率,在驱动较大功率的同步整流器时,单片机B控制高速MOSFET栅极驱动器工作,使栅极峰值驱动电流IG(PK)≥1A,取代整流二极管以降低整流损耗,大大提高DC/DC变换器的效率并且不存在由肖特基势垒电压而造成的死区电压;
2、通过检测单元A、检测单元B和检测单元C分别检测变压电路、整流电路和输出电路上的电压电流以及温度,从而协调控制整个电路上的电压电流,形成过压保护,使整个电路稳定运行,提高电源效率,同时也能够极大地帮助瞬态负载调节;
3、当输出电压过低时,单片机C将信号发送给单片机A和单片机B,控制电位器和高速MOSFET栅极驱动器工作,实现电压的调整,并且通过设置放电电路和高压限流熔断器,当负载器件断电时,能够快速断开供电电路,并且开启放电电路,放电电路接地,避免电路震荡影响开关变压器和MOSFET功率器件等元件。
附图说明
图1为本发明的整体结构示意图。
图2为本发明的整体电路结构示意图。
图3为本发明的检测单元A结构示意图。
图4为本发明的检测单元B结构示意图。
图5为本发明的检测单元C结构示意图。
附图标记为:1开关变压器、2电位器、3 DC/DC转换器、4检测单元A、5 MOSFET功率器件、6高速MOSFET栅极驱动器、7检测单元B、8负载器件、9检测单元C、10高压限流熔断器、11放电电路。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1:
本发明提供了如图1-2所示的一种高效同步整流电路,包括开关变压器1,所述开关变压器1输入端设有电位器2,所述开关变压器1输出端设有DC/DC转换器3,所述开关变压器1与DC/DC转换器3的连接线路上连接有检测单元A4,所述DC/DC转换器3输出端设有MOSFET功率器件5和高速MOSFET栅极驱动器6,所述高速MOSFET栅极驱动器6输出端与MOSFET功率器件5输入端连接,所述MOSFET功率器件5连接端设有检测单元B7,所述MOSFET功率器件5输出端设有负载器件8,所述MOSFET功率器件5与负载器件8的连接线路上连接有检测单元C9和高压限流熔断器10,且并联连接有放电电路11。
通过低电压、大电流输入至DC/DC转换器时,DC/DC转换器转变输入电压后有效输出固定电压,检测单元A4检测到稳定的电流后,单片机A将信号发送给单片机B,单片机B控制高速MOSFET栅极驱动器6驱动MOSFET功率器件5,进行整流控制,采用通态电阻极低的MOSFET功率器件5,能显著提高电源效率,在驱动较大功率的同步整流器时,单片机B控制高速MOSFET栅极驱动器6工作,使栅极峰值驱动电流IG(PK)≥1A,另外当输出电压过低时,单片机C将信号发送给单片机A和单片机B,控制电位器2和高速MOSFET栅极驱动器6工作,实现电压的调整,并且通过设置放电电路11和高压限流熔断器10,当负载器件8断电时,能够快速断开供电电路,并且开启放电电路11,放电电路11接地,避免电路震荡影响开关变压器1和MOSFET功率器件5等元件。
实施例2:
本发明提供了如图3-5所示的一种高效同步整流电路,所述检测单元A4包括电压互感器A、温度传感器A和单片机A,所述电压互感器A、温度传感器A通过A/D转换器与单片机A连接,所述单片机A通过D/A转换器与电位器2和开关变压器1连接;
所述检测单元B7包括栅极峰值驱动电流传感器、电压互感器B和单片机B,所述栅极峰值驱动电流传感器和电压互感器B通过A/D转换器与单片机B连接,所述单片机B通过D/A转换器与高速MOSFET栅极驱动器6连;
所述检测单元C9包括输出电流传感器、电压互感器C和单片机C,所述输出电流传感器和电压互感器C通过A/D转换器与单片机C连接,所述单片机C通过D/A转换器和无线模块与单片机A和单片机B连接;
所述放电电路11包括2X电容,所述2X电容并联连接有两个放电电阻,两个所述放电电阻串联连接,所述单片机C通过D/A转换器与2X电容连接,所述放电电路11上设有开关,所述开关通过继电器与单片机C连接,所述放电电路11接地。
本发明工作原理:
参照说明书附图1-2,使用时,通过低电压、大电流输入至DC/DC转换器时,DC/DC转换器转变输入电压后有效输出固定电压,检测单元A4检测到稳定的电流后,单片机A将信号发送给单片机B,单片机B控制高速MOSFET栅极驱动器6驱动MOSFET功率器件5,进行整流控制,采用通态电阻极低的MOSFET功率器件5,能显著提高电源效率,在驱动较大功率的同步整流器时,单片机B控制高速MOSFET栅极驱动器6工作,使栅极峰值驱动电流IG(PK)≥1A,另外当输出电压过低时,单片机C将信号发送给单片机A和单片机B,控制电位器2和高速MOSFET栅极驱动器6工作,实现电压的调整,并且通过设置放电电路11和高压限流熔断器10,当负载器件8断电时,能够快速断开供电电路,并且开启放电电路11,放电电路11接地,避免电路震荡影响开关变压器1和MOSFET功率器件5等元件;
参照说明书附图3-5,通过检测单元A4、检测单元B7和检测单元C9分别检测变压电路、整流电路和输出电路上的电压电流以及温度,从而协调控制整个电路上的电压电流,形成过压保护,使整个电路稳定运行。
最后应说明的几点是:首先,在本申请的描述中,需要说明的是,除非另有规定和限定,术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解,可以是机械连接或电连接,也可以是两个元件内部的连通,可以是直接相连,“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等仅用于表示相对位置关系,当被描述对象的绝对位置改变,则相对位置关系可能发生改变;
其次,本发明公开实施例附图中,只涉及到与本公开实施例涉及到的结构,其他结构可参考通常设计,在不冲突情况下,本发明同一实施例及不同实施例可以相互组合;
最后,以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.一种高效同步整流电路,包括开关变压器(1),其特征在于:所述开关变压器(1)输入端设有电位器(2),所述开关变压器(1)输出端设有DC/DC转换器(3),所述开关变压器(1)与DC/DC转换器(3)的连接线路上连接有检测单元A(4),所述DC/DC转换器(3)输出端设有MOSFET功率器件(5)和高速MOSFET栅极驱动器(6),所述高速MOSFET栅极驱动器(6)输出端与MOSFET功率器件(5)输入端连接,所述MOSFET功率器件(5)连接端设有检测单元B(7),所述MOSFET功率器件(5)输出端设有负载器件(8),所述MOSFET功率器件(5)与负载器件(8)的连接线路上连接有检测单元C(9)和高压限流熔断器(10),且并联连接有放电电路(11)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高效同步整流电路,其特征在于:所述检测单元A(4)包括电压互感器A、温度传感器A和单片机A,所述电压互感器A、温度传感器A通过A/D转换器与单片机A连接,所述单片机A通过D/A转换器与电位器(2)和开关变压器(1)连接。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种高效同步整流电路,其特征在于:所述检测单元B(7)包括栅极峰值驱动电流传感器、电压互感器B和单片机B,所述栅极峰值驱动电流传感器和电压互感器B通过A/D转换器与单片机B连接,所述单片机B通过D/A转换器与高速MOSFET栅极驱动器(6)连接。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种高效同步整流电路,其特征在于:所述检测单元C(9)包括输出电流传感器、电压互感器C和单片机C,所述输出电流传感器和电压互感器C通过A/D转换器与单片机C连接,所述单片机C通过D/A转换器和无线模块与单片机A和单片机B连接。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种高效同步整流电路,其特征在于:所述放电电路(11)包括2X电容,所述2X电容并联连接有两个放电电阻,两个所述放电电阻串联连接。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种高效同步整流电路,其特征在于:所述单片机C通过D/A转换器与2X电容连接。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种高效同步整流电路,其特征在于:所述放电电路(11)上设有开关,所述开关通过继电器与单片机C连接,所述放电电路(11)接地。
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