CN110350325A - A kind of compact LCD phased array antenna - Google Patents
A kind of compact LCD phased array antenna Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110350325A CN110350325A CN201910507833.XA CN201910507833A CN110350325A CN 110350325 A CN110350325 A CN 110350325A CN 201910507833 A CN201910507833 A CN 201910507833A CN 110350325 A CN110350325 A CN 110350325A
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- layer
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- pcb substrate
- network
- phased array
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
Landscapes
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of compact LCD phased array antennas, what is solved is to be difficult to ensure the technical issues of a small range integrates and realizes large range of beam scanning, by using including 6 layers of PCB substrate, 1st, 2 layer of PCB substrate is power splitter suspended stripline layer, and power splitter suspended stripline layer is provided with power division network；3rd, 4 layer of PCB substrate is phase-shift network layer, and phase-shift network layer is provided with the suspended stripline phase-shift network of disk threadiness；Power division network is cascaded by metallization VIA and suspended stripline phase-shift network；3rd layer of PCB substrate is hollowed out to fill liquid crystal, and the 4th layer of PCB substrate etches liquid crystal phase-shift network；5th, 6 layer of PCB substrate is antenna stack to etch double-layer paster antenna；The technical solution that the double-layer paster antenna is connect with the suspended stripline phase-shift network, power division network by plated-through hole, preferably resolves the problem.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to paster antenna fields, and in particular to a kind of compact LCD phased array antenna.
Background technique
With the development of modern wireless technology, phased array antenna becomes the key components of radar, base station communication.
Compared to tradition machinery shaft antenna, phased array antenna has the advantages such as highly sensitive, low section, scanning speed be fast.And traditional phase
Control array antenna generally uses nonlinear device as phase-shift network, and non-linear phase-shift network has miniaturization, tuned speed fast
Advantage, but wave beam deflection be also it is nonlinear, therefore can not accomplish wave beam continuous deflection.
Liquid crystal has good dielectric special as a kind of adjustable anisotropic medium of dielectric, in microwave and millimeter wave frequency range
Property, it is used in the research of various reconfigurable devices in recent years.However, liquid crystalline phase tunes model compared with traditional nonlinear device
Enclose smaller, and tuned speed is slower.For conventional liquid crystal materials since its tuning range is limited, no image of Buddha varactor realizes frequency multiplication
Tuning, therefore liquid crystal material in phased array phase shifter for needing biggish wire length to guarantee tuning range.However, biggish line
It is long to need bigger space to be routed, and resonance can be introduced and make narrower bandwidth, and phase shift by being intensively routed in micro belt process
Amount can decline therewith.
Liquid crystal phase-shift network is integrated in lesser space by the present invention by multi-layer PCB technique and disk line method, and with
Wilkinson power splitter, the cascade of broadband parasitic paster antenna, the liquid crystal that formation can carry out larger angle two dimensional beam scanning are phased
Array 1 system, and external dc biasing is designed, the dielectric constant for tuning liquid crystal makes the wave beam of antenna radiation pattern generate deflection.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to liquid crystal materials existing in the prior art in microwave frequency band tuning range
Limitation, moved in antenna applied to phased array and be difficult to ensure and integrated in a small range and realize large range of beam scanning
Technical problem.A kind of new compact LCD phased array antenna is provided, which has small in size
Feature.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted is as follows:
A kind of compact LCD phased array antenna, the compact LCD phased array antenna include 6 layers of PCB substrate, wherein
1st layer of PCB substrate, the 2nd layer of PCB substrate are power splitter suspended stripline layer, and active subnetting is arranged in power splitter suspended stripline layer
Network；
3rd layer of PCB substrate, the 4th layer of PCB substrate are phase-shift network layer, and phase-shift network layer is provided with the suspension band of disk threadiness
Shape line phase-shift network；
The power division network is cascaded by metallization VIA and suspended stripline phase-shift network；
3rd layer of PCB substrate is hollowed out to accommodate liquid crystal, and the 4th layer of PCB substrate etches liquid crystal phase-shift network；5th layer of PCB base
Plate, the 6th layer of PCB substrate are antenna stack to etch double-layer paster antenna；The double-layer paster antenna and the suspended stripline
Phase-shift network, power division network are connected by plated-through hole.
The working principle of the invention: traditional phased array antenna has the advantages such as fast scanning speed, high sensitivity, easy to install,
However since phased array antenna system mostly uses nonlinear device as phased array phase-shifting unit, aerial array can be made
Wave beam deflection not can guarantee it is linear.Liquid crystal has good dielectric tunability, and the molecule of liquid crystal in microwave and millimeter wave
Deflection is linear, therefore the continuous deflection of wave beam can be realized using the phased array antenna of load liquid crystal phase shifter, ensure that and sweeps
Retouch precision.
While having microwave frequency band good dielectric property, tuning range is limited by wavelength and is limited liquid crystal
's.Therefore, it is the wave beam deflection angle for guaranteeing antenna, should ensure that the phase shifting capability of phase-shift network.For liquid crystal phase shifter,
The length for guaranteeing phase shifter, so that by higher phase-shift phase.However, longer liquid crystal transmission line mean it is higher loss and
Bigger circuit layout.The method that the present invention is routed by multi-layer PCB technique and disk line, realize liquid crystal phase shifter be integrated in compared with
Among small circuit area.Also, the phase shifter may make that phased array antenna has an ability that two-dimensional phase is swept, and wave beam deflection compared with
Greatly.It ensure that and also achieve the wave beam continuous deflection of antenna while liquid crystal phase shifter can be tuned effectively.
In above scheme, for optimization, further, the suspended stripline phase-shift network includes cascade high resistant line, high
Resistance line is drawn out to after lower surface by metallization VIA and connects fan-shaped pad；The suspended stripline phase-shift network further include
Be arranged between metallization VIA and fan-shaped pad every alternating current sense.
Further, in the suspended stripline phase-shift network of the disk threadiness, adjacent line-spacing is 3 times of line widths to 6 times of lines
It is wide.
Further, adjacent line-spacing is 4 times of line widths.
Further, the power division network is cascade Wilkinson power splitter, the output branch and antenna of power division network
Array number it is identical.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: the present invention, can be micro- using liquid crystal as a kind of continuously adjustable anisotropic medium
Wave frequency section, which is realized, to be continuously adjusted, and the phased array system for loading liquid crystal material compensates for traditional phased array antenna load nonlinear device
The discontinuous defect of bring beam scanning.However, the tuning range of liquid crystal can be tuned without image of Buddha nonlinear device with frequency multiplication, because
The beam scanning of this antenna is limited in scope, and needs longer transmission line to make up the phase-shift phase for realizing wave beam deflection, but bigger
Sized liquid crystal phase shifter is increased with the spacing for meaning bay, so that gain declines and motivated graing lobe.The present invention according to
Wilkinson power splitter, liquid crystal phase shifter and antenna are integrated in lesser plane model by the method for multilayer circuit technique and disk line
In enclosing, and guarantee that wave beam has large range of deflection.Liquid crystal is always to work as novel adjustable medium, the defect of tuning range
Under the bottleneck that faces, guaranteeing that phased array antenna realizes larger angle beam scanning using multilayer circuit technique and disk line method
The compact arrangement for realizing liquid crystal phase shifter simultaneously is a kind of mode, this programme can also by load left-and-right-hand transmission line or its
Its miniaturization technology also may be implemented.
Detailed description of the invention
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples.
Fig. 1, the Antenna Design flow chart in embodiment 1.
Fig. 2, the antenna connection schematic diagram in embodiment 1.
Fig. 3, Wilkinson power splitter schematic diagram.
Fig. 4, Wilkinson power splitter S parameter schematic diagram.
Fig. 5, the electrical block diagram of disk line liquid crystal phase-shift network.
Fig. 6, the domain structure schematic diagram of antenna.
Fig. 7, the S parameter schematic diagram of antenna.
Fig. 8, the S parameter schematic diagram of 2 × 2 phased array antenna submatrixs.
Fig. 9, LCD phased array subarray configuration schematic diagram.
The beam scanning in the face Figure 10, E and the face H with liquid crystal dielectric constant change curve schematic diagram.
Figure 11, the antenna structure view in embodiment.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that described herein, specific examples are only used to explain the present invention, is not used to limit
The fixed present invention.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment provides combining multi-layer PCB technique and liquid crystal tuning theory, if Figure 11 is by liquid crystal phase shifter, antenna list
The circuit modules such as member and Wilkinson power splitter are integrated in multilayer circuit, and regulate and control the equivalent of liquid crystal by external bias
Dielectric constant realize array antenna wave beam deflection, overview flow chart as shown in Figure 1, antenna functional block diagram such as Fig. 2.
The Wilkinson power splitter of first, Ying Kaizhan suspended stripline designs
To guarantee that antenna can effectively work and transmitting and receiving mode respectively, there is consumption using three port match
Wilkinson power splitter is as power division network, it can be achieved that the distribution and aggregation of energy.Power splitter number is designed according to the requirement of index
Mesh, such as 2 antenna elements need 1 Wilkinson power splitter, and 4 antenna elements need 2 Wilkinson power splitter cascades to realize
Power distribution can be used when antenna unit number is not 2 n times side and not wait function that Wilkinson power splitter is divided to realize.
Since Wilkinson power splitter is 3 port match networks, the present embodiment antenna can simultaneously as receive with
Transmitting uses.With 2 × 2 planes, this enumerates example to the present embodiment, and the domain of 1 point 2 points 4 of 2 classes connection Wilkinson power splitter is as schemed
Shown in 3, the S parameter result of Wilkinson power splitter is as shown in Figure 4.It can be seen that the transmission quilt of cascade Wilkinson power splitter
It is divided into original a quarter (Sn, 1=6dB) well, and interport isolation is intact, indicates the power between each port
It will not mutual crosstalk.
Second, carry out the design of liquid crystal phase-shift network
The design of liquid crystal phase-shift network is emphasis of the invention, and grade is answered to be coupled to after Wilkinson power division network, with end day
Line is unit cascaded, and the entire cascaded layout of antenna is as shown in Figure 2.For the wiring space for guaranteeing phase shifter, the width of transmission line is answered
It is smaller as far as possible.Therefore, this programme also uses suspended stripline as phase shifter transmission line, and wherein the PCB version of signal wire lower part is dug
Sky, does that liquid crystal chamber uses, upper layer still uses the PCB editions medium substrates as suspended stripline.
LCD phased array realizes that the core of beam scanning capabilities is liquid crystal phase shifter, therefore the design of phase shifter is difficult point.
Firstly, should ensure that the phase-shift phase of antenna beam.According to
The phase difference relationship between beam scanning degree and bay can be calculated, it is therefore desirable to protect by Simulation Evaluation
The length of transmission line when demonstrate,proving liquid crystal phase-shift phase.
Further, the spacing of bay is assessed according to user demand, it is however generally that, bay spacing should keep half
Wavelength or so can be modified according to design.Further, should be passed through according to the wire laying mode of above-mentioned assessment liquid crystal phase shifter
Transmission line can be integrated in small space by disk line method well, but it should be noted that excessively intensive wiring can cause it is humorous between line
Vibration, therefore line-spacing should be maintained at 3 times of line widths to 6 times of line widths.
As shown in figure 5, being the circuit structure of disk line liquid crystal phase shifter, it should be noted that in order to guarantee bay
Equiphase does not motivate, and needs to carry out blocking by capacitor, and the mechanism voltage to guarantee each phase shifter is unequal, so that direct current is believed
It number will not crosstalk.
Third carries out wideband patch antenna design
To guarantee phased array bandwidth, the bandwidth of a device of every level-one should keep wider, to avoid impedance mismatching.Traditional micro-strip
Paster antenna gain with higher can be used as phased array antenna design.However, the bandwidth of paster antenna not can guarantee but, by
In single patch only in frequency range underexcitation a mode, therefore the working band of antenna is relatively narrow, can not support phased array bandwidth.
This programme is used as antenna radiation unit using the double-deck parasitic patch, expands the bandwidth of operation of antenna, and by perceptual through-hole column and
The connection of lower layer's phased array feeding network.
The present embodiment can introduce another rank mode of resonance by loading parasitic patch, expand the radiation bandwidth of antenna.We
Case takes double-layer paster antenna to realize broadband radiation, and orderly with the connected Assured Mode of perceptual metallization VIA.The version of antenna
Graph structure is as shown in Fig. 6, Fig. 9, and Fig. 7 is the S parameter result schematic diagram of the present embodiment antenna, it can be seen that in the radiation zone of antenna
It is wider than 1GHz, and there is bimodulus resonance characteristic.
4th, carry out combined optimization design
After the completion of each module design of antenna, should cascade and be optimized by full-wave simulation software emulation, reach best match with
Optimum performance, to guarantee the works fine of antenna.However, since phased array index is more, and interfere with each other, should choose according to
The best compromise value of family demand.
The present embodiment provides a kind of compact LCD phased array antenna, such as Fig. 6, the compact LCD phased array antenna packets
6 layers of PCB substrate are included, wherein the 1st layer of PCB substrate, the 2nd layer of PCB substrate are power splitter suspended stripline layer, power splitter suspension is band-like
Line layer is provided with power division network；
3rd layer of PCB substrate, the 4th layer of PCB substrate are phase-shift network layer, and phase-shift network layer is provided with the suspension band of disk threadiness
Shape line phase-shift network；
The power division network is cascaded by metallization VIA and suspended stripline phase-shift network；
3rd layer of PCB substrate is hollowed out to accommodate liquid crystal, and the 4th layer of PCB substrate etches liquid crystal phase-shift network；5th layer of PCB base
Plate, the 6th layer of PCB substrate are antenna stack to etch double-layer paster antenna；The double-layer paster antenna and the suspended stripline
Phase-shift network, power division network are connected by plated-through hole.
To guarantee biggish phase-shift network electrical length, the 2nd layer, the 4th layer of antenna is that dielectric constant is biggish
Rogers4350 substrate, it is ensured that will not crosstalk between signal.
For convenience of the introducing that antenna when actual test needs external dc to bias, the present embodiment is used liquid crystal phase-shift network
Respectively with the cascade of high resistant line, and lower surface is drawn out to by metallization VIA, is connect with fan-shaped pad, and is added in centre
100nH, as being isolated, facilitates the introducing of direct current biasing every alternating current sense.
By simulation optimization, the S parameters of 2 × 2 phased array antenna submatrixs as shown in figure 8, its face E and the face H beam scanning
Change curve with liquid crystal dielectric constant is as shown in Figure 10.As can be seen that antenna phase-shift network is disposed in the λ's of 0.5 λ × 0.5
In area, also indicate that this wiring method can be adapted for more massive structure the formation.The beam scanning of liquid crystal tuning front and back antenna
Angle is greater than 20 °, realizes the wave beam deflection for the LCD phased array that half-wavelength is structured the formation.
Although the illustrative specific embodiment of the present invention is described above, in order to the technology of the art
Personnel are it will be appreciated that the present invention, but the present invention is not limited only to the range of specific embodiment, to the common skill of the art
For art personnel, as long as long as various change the attached claims limit and determine spirit and scope of the invention in, one
The innovation and creation using present inventive concept are cut in the column of protection.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of compact LCD phased array antenna, it is characterised in that: the compact LCD phased array antenna includes 6 layers of PCB
Substrate,
1st layer of PCB substrate, the 2nd layer of PCB substrate are power splitter suspended stripline layer, and the setting of power splitter suspended stripline layer is active
Subnetwork；
3rd layer of PCB substrate, the 4th layer of PCB substrate are phase-shift network layer, and phase-shift network layer is provided with the suspended stripline of disk threadiness
Phase-shift network；
The power division network is cascaded by metallization VIA and suspended stripline phase-shift network；
3rd layer of PCB substrate is hollowed out to accommodate liquid crystal, and the 4th layer of PCB substrate etches liquid crystal phase-shift network；5th layer of PCB substrate,
6 layers of PCB substrate are antenna stack to etch double-layer paster antenna；The double-layer paster antenna and the suspended stripline phase shift net
Network, power division network are connected by plated-through hole.
2. compact LCD phased array antenna according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the suspended stripline phase shift net
Network includes cascade high resistant line, and high resistant line is drawn out to after bottom end surface by metallization VIA and connects fan-shaped pad；The suspension
Strip line phase-shift network further includes being arranged between metallization VIA and fan-shaped pad every alternating current sense.
3. compact LCD phased array antenna according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the suspension of the disk threadiness is band-like
In line phase-shift network, adjacent line-spacing is 3 times of line widths to 6 times of line widths.
4. compact LCD phased array antenna according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: adjacent line-spacing is 4 times of line widths.
5. compact LCD phased array antenna according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the power division network is cascade
The output branch of Wilkinson power splitter, power division network is identical as the array number of antenna.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910507833.XA CN110350325A (en) | 2019-06-12 | 2019-06-12 | A kind of compact LCD phased array antenna |
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| CN201910507833.XA CN110350325A (en) | 2019-06-12 | 2019-06-12 | A kind of compact LCD phased array antenna |
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| CN110890624A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-03-17 | 电子科技大学 | Broadband compact shaped array antenna |
| CN111740200A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-10-02 | 南京星腾通信技术有限公司 | Power divider capable of continuously phase modulating based on liquid crystal substrate |
| CN112490672A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-03-12 | 南京邮电大学 | Electric tuning antenna based on microwave liquid crystal substrate |
| CN112510372A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-03-16 | 电子科技大学 | Terahertz phased array antenna based on liquid crystal medium phase shifter |
| CN113690633A (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2021-11-23 | 北京道古视界科技有限公司 | Liquid crystal array antenna beam synthesis and control method based on binary holographic coding |
| CN113725628A (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2021-11-30 | 武汉大学 | Addressable three-dimensional beam scanning liquid crystal microwave phased array and control method |
| TWI749987B (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2021-12-11 | 友達光電股份有限公司 | Antenna structure and array antenna module |
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| CN115000681A (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2022-09-02 | 上海天马微电子有限公司 | Antenna, preparation method thereof, phase shifter and communication equipment |
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Cited By (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110890624A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-03-17 | 电子科技大学 | Broadband compact shaped array antenna |
| CN113690633A (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2021-11-23 | 北京道古视界科技有限公司 | Liquid crystal array antenna beam synthesis and control method based on binary holographic coding |
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| CN111740200B (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2021-01-26 | 南京星腾通信技术有限公司 | Power divider capable of continuously phase modulating based on liquid crystal substrate |
| CN112490672A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-03-12 | 南京邮电大学 | Electric tuning antenna based on microwave liquid crystal substrate |
| CN112490672B (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2024-04-19 | 南京邮电大学 | Electric tuning antenna based on microwave liquid crystal substrate |
| CN112510372A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-03-16 | 电子科技大学 | Terahertz phased array antenna based on liquid crystal medium phase shifter |
| CN112510372B (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-08-24 | 电子科技大学 | Terahertz phased array antenna based on liquid crystal medium phase shifter |
| TWI749987B (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2021-12-11 | 友達光電股份有限公司 | Antenna structure and array antenna module |
| CN113871860A (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2021-12-31 | 友达光电股份有限公司 | Antenna structure and array antenna module |
| CN115000681A (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2022-09-02 | 上海天马微电子有限公司 | Antenna, preparation method thereof, phase shifter and communication equipment |
| CN115000680A (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2022-09-02 | 上海中航光电子有限公司 | Antenna, phase shifter and communication equipment |
| CN115000680B (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2023-10-31 | 上海中航光电子有限公司 | Antenna, phase shifter and communication equipment |
| US11824262B2 (en) | 2021-03-02 | 2023-11-21 | Shanghai Avic Opto Electronics Co., Ltd. | Antenna, phase shifter, and communication device |
| CN115000681B (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2024-04-26 | 上海天马微电子有限公司 | Antenna, manufacturing method thereof, phase shifter and communication equipment |
| CN113725628B (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2023-01-03 | 武汉大学 | Addressable three-dimensional beam scanning liquid crystal microwave phased array and control method |
| CN113725628A (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2021-11-30 | 武汉大学 | Addressable three-dimensional beam scanning liquid crystal microwave phased array and control method |
| CN113889756A (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2022-01-04 | 电子科技大学 | Liquid crystal coding metamaterial scattering reconfigurable low RCS array antenna |
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