CN110348756A - A kind of Safety of Gas Station appraisal procedure based on safety curtain model - Google Patents
A kind of Safety of Gas Station appraisal procedure based on safety curtain model Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Safety of Gas Station appraisal procedures based on safety curtain model, classify first to the safety curtain of gas station；Safety curtain based on classification establishes the performance evaluation mathematical model of safety curtain system using three confidence level of safety curtain, validity and cost dimensions as evaluation index；It is then based on the performance evaluation mathematical model of established safety curtain system, confidence level, the weight of three evaluation indexes of validity and cost is distributed, and carry out fuzzy synthesis calculating, obtains the security assessment result of the gas station.This method effectively assesses the safety of gas station using multi objective, is conducive to show and explain risk assessment processes.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Safety of Gas Station technical field more particularly to a kind of Safety of Gas Station based on safety curtain model
Appraisal procedure.
Background technique
Currently, the Main Management product gasoline of gas station, diesel oil belong to flammable liquid, in emptying, storage, refueling process
Open fire, high fever, the electrostatic of middle appearance easily cause its combustion explosion, and close flash point≤- 20 DEG C of gasoline are typical hazardous chemicals
Product, the diesel oil of close flash point≤60 DEG C are also included in hazardous chemical management.In recent years, quickly hair is built along with highway in China net
Exhibition, vehicles number is increasing and the horizontal raising of Urbanization Construction, gas station's quantity continue to increase, gas stations also in
Dense population areas, some gas stations are close to busy street, the inside and outside a large amount of public vehicles of aggregation of standing, and the operation frequency in fueling area is high,
Contingency occurrence probability is high, once accident occurs, may cause biggish casualties and serious social influence.Meanwhile it refueling
Emergency management and rescue once accident occurs, will be constituted severe challenge by the operating area Relatively centralized stood and narrow.
Gradually formed in the prior art with self-character healthy and safe Environmental Management System (HSE-MS, Health,
Safety and Environment Management System), pass through the construction and operation of HSE management system, Ge Jiren
Attention degree large increase of the member to trouble free service, Safety Management Measures further standardize.However found by largely investigation,
Gas station's HSE management system still has shortcoming in terms of risk management at the scene, the risk factors and risk of gas station because
(safety curtain) has very strong associated effect between the control measure of element, and the Current Safety Assessment of gas station mostly uses at present
Qualitatively rank scores or the sxemiquantitative based on danger source calculate, and cannot show and explain well risk assessment processes, unfavorable
Risk regularity of occurrence and development is concluded in intuitive extract.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Safety of Gas Station appraisal procedure based on safety curtain model, this method is used
Multi objective effectively assesses the safety of gas station, is conducive to show and explains risk assessment processes, to return to extraction
Risk regularity of occurrence and development of receiving brings very big help.
The purpose of the present invention is what is be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of Safety of Gas Station appraisal procedure based on safety curtain model, which comprises
Step 1 classifies to the safety curtain of gas station；
Step 2, the safety curtain based on classification, using the confidence level of safety curtain, three dimensions of validity and cost as
Evaluation index establishes the performance evaluation mathematical model of safety curtain system；
Step 3, the performance evaluation mathematical model based on the safety curtain system established, distribution confidence level, validity and
The weight of three evaluation indexes of cost, and fuzzy synthesis calculating is carried out, obtain the security assessment result of the gas station.
As seen from the above technical solution provided by the invention, the above method uses safety of the multi objective to gas station
It is effectively assessed, is conducive to show and explain risk assessment processes, to be brought to conclusion risk regularity of occurrence and development is extracted
Greatly help.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, required use in being described below to embodiment
Attached drawing be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, for this
For the those of ordinary skill in field, without creative efforts, it can also be obtained according to these attached drawings other
Attached drawing.
Fig. 1 is the Safety of Gas Station appraisal procedure process signal provided in an embodiment of the present invention based on safety curtain model
Figure；
Fig. 2 is the LC block schematic illustration of each risk case as caused by security function failure in example of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the attached drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Ground description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on this
The embodiment of invention, every other implementation obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts
Example, belongs to protection scope of the present invention.
Safety curtain is in the development process of accident by preventing some part event from preventing accident
A kind of method, have to prevent accident the dual efficiency of gentle solution damage sequence occur.Below in conjunction with attached drawing to of the invention real
It applies example to be described in further detail, is as shown in Figure 1 the gas station provided in an embodiment of the present invention based on safety curtain model
Safety evaluation method flow diagram, which comprises
Step 1 classifies to the safety curtain of gas station；
In this step, with specific reference to gas station's function division and operation details, the safety curtain of gas station is divided into
Three classes, comprising:
Personnel's barrier, tissue barrier and technology barrier, wherein technology barrier is divided into active barrier, passive barrier and detection again
Barrier.
Wherein, the passive barrier is run always, and does not need manual operation, as physical barriers, the function of passive barrier
Can be limited, occur easily failing when emergency case, but can at least reduce accident probability or alleviate accident, including firewall,
Isolating door, space length；
The active barrier needs are automated or manual actuation could be run, and need hardware/software that could run,
Including emergency shut-in valve, automatic interlocking device and automatic sprinkler system；
The detection barrier passes it to other barriers by detecting risk factors to realize safe function
Can, detection barrier itself can not prevent and prevent accident, including combustible gas detector；
Personnel's barrier by preventing the improper activity in security system with the knowledge and safety management of employee, from
And reduce accident.Depending on the safety quality of real work personnel, including the observation and other people friendship to surrounding enviroment
Stream, the thinking of itself, understanding and execution etc. to security procedure and rule, can also exist in a tangible form sometimes.Including inspection
It tables look-up, regulation, limitation, regulation；
The tissue barrier refers to that perfect security management program, management barrier are suitable for but are not limited to management organization,
Regulatory agency.
Step 2, the safety curtain based on classification, using the confidence level of safety curtain, three dimensions of validity and cost as
Evaluation index establishes the performance evaluation mathematical model of safety curtain system；
In the step 2, the performance evaluation mathematical model for the safety curtain system established is indicated are as follows:
f2(x)=f (V1,V2,V3)=B2 (3)
Wherein, evaluation grade L is used to indicate the performance of current safety barrier system；f1It (x) is reliability assessment index；f2
(x) efficiency assessment index is indicated；f3(x) cost evaluation index is indicated；
Further, A indicates the accident route of transmission arc (i, j) from node i to node j, if accident is sent out
Life is in node i, then the N number of expected development of ∈ will be around arc (i, j) ∈ A；MijIt indicates all and is located at the path arc (i, j)
On prevention, mitigation and safeguard measure；lcn ijFor the practical confidence level of every class safety barrier function；costk ijRepresent finance branch
Out；V1It is the coefficient of efficiency of technical measures；V2It is the coefficient of efficiency of personnel；V3It is the coefficient of efficiency of safety management；K delegated path
Per pass safety curtain is spent on arc (i, j)；The governable total input for safety funds of behalf our unit.
For example, the acquisition process of above-mentioned reliability assessment index A1 are as follows:
The qualitative assessment of reliability assessment index A1 is related to both of which:
It is low to require mode: the frequency that operation requires, which is no more than 2 times of verification test frequencies, to be proposed to security system.
High request mode: the frequency that operation requires, which is greater than once a year or is greater than 2 times of verification tests, to be proposed to security system
Frequency.
Most of safety curtains (such as urgent closing and fire detecting system) of chemical plant installation all require mode phase with low
It closes, because safety operation does not exceed usually once every year, the following table 1 lists LC, and (i.e. every class safety barrier function is actually set
Letter is horizontal) and failure probability between relationship.
The relationship of table 1 LC and failure probability
The LC frame for being illustrated in figure 2 each risk case as caused by security function failure in example of the present invention shows
It is intended to, with reference to Fig. 2: it is based on four parameters: a possibility that consequence of accident exposes frequency, avoids risk and accident
A possibility that.C is the consequence grade of potential danger phenomenon, is followed successively by C1 to C4 from low to high；F is target exposure frequency, and F1 refers to
Target is less exposed in risk (less than the 10% of operation duration)；F2 is opposite；D be avert danger event a possibility that,
D1 refers in the case where safety curtain failure operator's a possibility that can taking measures to avert danger；D2 refers to almost impossible keep away
Exempt from；P is undesirable event occurrence rate.Probability levels are divided into P1-P4, respective frequencies such as Fig. 2；X is output quantity, wherein-be
Without any demand for security；0 is to safety curtain without demand；1-4 is safety curtain confidence level grade, the requirement etc. of security function
With regard to smaller, overall LC is provided a possibility that grade is higher, the system failure by system minimum LC.
The acquisition process of above-mentioned efficiency assessment index B2 are as follows:
Here, validity refers to whether safety curtain can control harm relevant to chemical substance and process,
The validity of safety curtain be they can reach under different environment and operating condition realized using particular technology it is specific
Security function, due to the limit of design, operating condition, component wear, staff's fault and the factors such as tissue/management defect
System, actual effectiveness are likely less than required by risk control, and the quality of staff and administrative staff are main effective fingers
Mark, it is necessary to the effect of safety curtain is preferably verified using unified standard, the calculating of efficiency assessment index B2 is as follows:
The coefficient of efficiency V1 of technical measures is obtained first, the reference value table of coefficient of efficiency V1 is as shown in table 2, parameter C1,
C2 and C3, which is represented, is based on technical controlling, the safety allowance of material isolation and fireproofing installation, data reference DOW chemical fire method, then:
Then the coefficient of efficiency V2 of personnel is obtained, operator and administrative staff often face a danger situation: therefore work
The quality evaluation of personnel should use following standard: (1) operator should concentrate one's energy to learn its professional knowledge.(2) administrative staff
It can encourage employee that it is allowed to recognize the importance of oneself and good safety climate is provided.The reliability of single employee is Rs,
Employee compensates dangerous operating condition and guarantees the stability of system.There are four major parameter (R1, R2, R3 and R4) for Rs tool
Personnel's qualification, technical ability, personnel's stability and load coefficient are respectively represented, specifically:
Wherein, k2It is proportionality coefficient.The personnel of conformity certification, k are obtained by training2Value be 4.T represents an employee and obtains
Time needed for obtaining a position；T2Time needed for indicating the qualification for the work that worker's acquisition completes him；For example, if
One people works a position always, then he is 95% to the qualification of this position, and T2It is six months.
2 V1 of table refers to value table
Personnel's stability R3It is defined as follows:
Wherein, k3It is proportionality coefficient.Assuming that k3Initial value be 4, if that accident occurs, then personnel's stable operation
Property will reduce by 50%, k32 will be equal to.T gives the time needed for a people may return to work after the accident；T2Represent thing
Therefore the time needed for reaching certain degree of stability after occurring.For example, if operation stability reaches in 1 year after the accident
90%, then T2Equal to 6 months, in 3 years after the accident, personnel's operation stability was up to 95%, and newly-increased employee will not make
The accident of Cheng Xin.Therefore R3Equal to 1.
Operator R4Loading coefficient pass through formula (10):
Wherein, normal time needed for T4 represents the work that staff completes on post.Usual T4Equal to 8 hours or
It is determined by actual operating conditions；T represents working time of the worker from start and ending during work；K4It is generally equal to 4
Proportionality coefficient.
One position may have N number of people to serve as, it is contemplated that and relationship between this N number of people is not series connection or parallel, then
The reliability for serving as the personnel of the position is that the average value of N number of people determines, serves as the reliable of the peopleware of certain dangerous position
Property is:
Then effective property coefficient V of safety management is obtained3, safety management efficiency assessment index includes 10 parameters, often
The full marks of a project are 100, estimation end value of the average of this 10 parameters as safety management validity, therefore:
Finally obtain the efficiency assessment index B2 of entire safety curtain, it is assumed that B2 is effective system of entire safety curtain
It counts, then B21As the efficiency factor of technology barrier, B22It is the efficiency factor of peopleware, B23It is the efficiency factor for managing barrier,
Then B2 can be calculated by formula (13):
B2=1- (1-B21)(1-B22)(1-B23) (13)
If:
Wherein B2A, B2BAnd B2CFor effective rate of protection, B2AIt is when all technology efficiency factors meet V1Wind when=1 requirement
Offset percentage, B in danger2BAnd B2CWith B2AWith similar intension, B2A, B2BAnd B2CIt is maximum protection ratio.When in three kinds of barriers
One kind when reaching ideal value 1, the validity value of entire barrier is up to 1, can not use V here1, V2And V3Substitute B2A, B2BWith
B2CValue, this needs to install a plurality of types of barriers to avoid all accidents, although the probability that accident occurs is very low, but as long as depositing
In danger, contingency may occur.
Specifically, a presentation technology operates, the relevant parameter of equipment and storage factor；B indicate operator quality because
Son；C represents the safety coefficient of controlled state.It may then pass through accident statistics and obtain conditional probability:
Any factor that control accident occurs all relies on the controlling extent of other two factors.A, b and c are corresponded respectively to
Collect A, B and C, wherein A, B and C include several elements.If factor a is under control, all elements in intersection A all reach
To ideal value, and V1Equal to 1；If factor a is not controlled, V1Equal to 0；In practical situations, 0≤V1≤1；0≤V2≤
1；0≤V3≤1.For assessment unit as a concept domain, A, B and C are fuzzy sets, if XA、XB、XCRespectively indicate A, B and C
Be subordinate to, then XA=V1, XB=V2, XC=V3.IfThe supplementary convergence of A, B and C are respectively constituted, then influencing to comment
Estimate unitDegree of membership be Maximum cancellation ratio is by condition
The weighted sum expression of probability, therefore:
Details are as follows for the conspicuousness equation group determined by fuzzy set theory:
Wherein, by A ∩ B, X can be obtainedABIt is the subjection degree of evaluation unit, the meaning of dependent variable is similar to this, intermediate
Calculating process such as following formula:
Above-mentioned efficiency assessment index B2 value is higher, and it is higher to represent risk control degree.
Finally, assessment of cost index C3 is to build and run that possessing highest security performance under minimum expenditure is most to manage
The state thought.
Step 3, the performance evaluation mathematical model based on the safety curtain system established, distribution confidence level, validity and
The weight of three evaluation indexes of cost, and fuzzy synthesis calculating is carried out, obtain the security assessment result of the gas station.
In this step, the assigning process of weight specifically:
When carrying out comprehensive assessment, expert is one weighted value of each Distribution Indexes according to its speciality and knowledge, and every specially
Family to oneself propose weight assess, combine be exactly barrier system security performance, it is assumed that possess T expert, and T
The weight of a expert is provided by ki (i=1,2 ..., T), and in order to generate more intuitive difference, we simplify calculating process, then
Weight indicates are as follows:
So Weight of Expert collection can be determined as W={ w1, w2..., wT, wherein wiIndicate the weight of each expert.
In the specific implementation, available digital weighting come measure every expert evaluation of estimate value, an important expert,
Weight may be higher than other people, and fuzzy value can represent the importance of expert.
In addition, the process of above-mentioned carry out fuzzy synthesis calculating specifically:
If three evaluation indexes are U={ f1(x), f2(x), f3(x) } (element set)；
Comment collection is L={ L1, L2, L3, L4, L5(assessment collection), wherein L is divided into five assessment words, comprising:
L1=high-performance, the higher performance of L2=, L3=medium-performance, L4=lower-performance, L5=low performance；
Relationship between index set and evaluation index indicates by the subordinating degree function based on fuzzy relationship matrix r, specifically:
R=[μivj(x)]n×m (19)
(i=1,2 ..., n；J=1,2 ..., m)；
Wherein, n is the number of impact factor, is selected as 3；M is the quantity of assessment sequence, is selected as 5, by assessment sequence point
For five sections；Degree of membership μiνjIndicate distribution frequency of i-th of factor in j-th of comment.
It is as shown in table 3 the standards of grading of each evaluation index in example:
3 evaluation index standards of grading of table
It is worth noting that, the content being not described in detail in the embodiment of the present invention belongs to professional and technical personnel in the field's public affairs
The prior art known.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Within the technical scope of the present disclosure, any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by anyone skilled in the art,
It should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with the protection model of claims
Subject to enclosing.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of Safety of Gas Station appraisal procedure based on safety curtain model, which is characterized in that the described method includes:
Step 1 classifies to the safety curtain of gas station；
Step 2, the safety curtain based on classification, using the confidence level of safety curtain, three dimensions of validity and cost as assessment
Index establishes the performance evaluation mathematical model of safety curtain system；
Step 3, the performance evaluation mathematical model based on the safety curtain system established, distribution confidence level, validity and cost
The weight of three evaluation indexes, and fuzzy synthesis calculating is carried out, obtain the security assessment result of the gas station.
2. according to claim 1 based on the Safety of Gas Station appraisal procedure of safety curtain model, which is characterized in that the step
Rapid 1 process specifically:
According to gas station's function division and operation details, the safety curtain of gas station is divided into three classes, comprising:
Personnel's barrier, tissue barrier and technology barrier, wherein technology barrier is divided into active barrier, passive barrier and detection screen again
Barrier.
3. according to claim 2 based on the Safety of Gas Station appraisal procedure of safety curtain model, which is characterized in that
The passive barrier is run always, and does not need manual operation, including firewall, isolating door, space length；
Active barrier needs are automated or manual actuation could be run, including emergency shut-in valve, automatic interlocking device and
Automatic sprinkler system；
The detection barrier passes it to other barriers by detecting risk factors to realize security function,
Including combustible gas detector；
Personnel's barrier is by preventing the improper activity in security system with the knowledge and safety management of employee, to subtract
Lack accident, including checks table, regulation, limitation, regulation；
The tissue barrier refers to perfect security management program, including but not limited to management organization, regulatory agency.
4. according to claim 1 based on the Safety of Gas Station appraisal procedure of safety curtain model, which is characterized in that in step
In 2, the performance evaluation mathematical model for the safety curtain system established is indicated are as follows:
f2(x)=f (V1,V2,V3)=B2
Wherein, evaluation grade L is used to indicate the performance of current safety barrier system；f1It (x) is reliability assessment index；f2(x) table
Show validity evaluation index；f3(x) cost evaluation index is indicated；
Further, A indicates the accident route of transmission arc (i, j) from node i to node j, if accident occurs
In node i, then the N number of expected development of ∈ will be around arc (i, j) ∈ A；MijIt indicates all to be located on the path arc (i, j)
Prevention, mitigation and safeguard measure；lcn ijFor the practical confidence level of every class safety barrier function；costk ijRepresent financial expenditures；
V1It is the coefficient of efficiency of technical measures；V2It is the coefficient of efficiency of personnel；V3It is the coefficient of efficiency of safety management；K delegated path arc
Per pass safety curtain is spent on (i, j)；The governable total input for safety funds of behalf our unit.
5. according to claim 1 based on the Safety of Gas Station appraisal procedure of safety curtain model, which is characterized in that in step
In 3, the assigning process of weight specifically:
Assuming that possessing T expert, and the weight of T expert is provided by ki (i=1,2 ..., T), then weight indicates are as follows:
So Weight of Expert collection can be determined as W={ w1, w2..., wT, wherein wiIndicate the weight of each expert.
6. according to claim 1 based on the Safety of Gas Station appraisal procedure of safety curtain model, which is characterized in that in step
In 3, the process of fuzzy synthesis calculating is carried out specifically:
If three evaluation indexes are U={ f1(x), f2(x), f3(x) } (element set)；
Comment collection is L={ L1, L2, L3, L4, L5(assessment collection), wherein L is divided into five assessment words, comprising:
L1=high-performance, the higher performance of L2=, L3=medium-performance, L4=lower-performance, L5=low performance；
Relationship between index set and evaluation index indicates by the subordinating degree function based on fuzzy relationship matrix r, specifically:
R=[μivj(x)]n×m
Wherein, i=1,2 ..., n；J=1,2 ..., m；N is the number of impact factor, is selected as 3；M is the number of assessment sequence
Amount, is selected as 5, assessment sequence is divided into five sections；Degree of membership μiνjIndicate distribution frequency of i-th of factor in j-th of comment
Rate.
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| CN113658715A (en) * | 2021-07-15 | 2021-11-16 | 大连海事大学 | Safety barrier management method and system for ship navigation risk management and control |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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