CN110348738B - Hospital environmental impact factor assessment method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hospital environmental impact factor assessment method, which comprises the steps of determining environmental impact factors participating in assessment, constructing a technical assessment index system, and determining assessment index correction parameters of all the environmental impact factors; calculating the weight of each environmental impact factor evaluation index according to the evaluation index parameters of different environmental impact factors; constructing evaluation index grading coefficients of all environmental influence factors; based on the weight and the grading coefficient, obtaining the influence score of each environmental influence factor, and obtaining the total influence score according to the influence score of each environmental influence factor, thereby judging whether the evaluation of the influence factors of the hospital main body environment is passed; through the arrangement, all the items to be evaluated in the annular evaluation process are listed and corresponding evaluation index parameters are given, so that the items participate in the evaluation in a weight mode, and meanwhile, environmental influence factors with different importance degrees are separated according to the grading coefficient, so that the environmental influence factors are more reasonable and regular.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental impact assessment, in particular to a hospital environmental impact factor assessment method.
Background
Along with the continuous improvement of the living standard of people and the medical care requirements, the requirements of people on the hospital environment are also higher. The current development trend of hospital projects is mainly: rural areas with poor medical environments and areas with outward expansion of urban areas have more projects of newly built hospitals; many hospitals with imperfect conditions such as longer construction time, hardware facilities and the like in urban areas have more reconstruction and expansion or even migration projects; and more private hospitals and specialty hospitals are gradually increasing due to the relaxation of related policies. According to the regulations in the "construction project environmental impact Classification management directory" (4 months, 28 days, correction edition) of 44 th environmental protection department, 500 or more beds are newly built and extended to create environmental impact reports, and other (20 or less beds) projects need to create environmental impact reports. The environmental impact evaluation of the hospital-class projects is always recorded on a higher evaluation level by the classification management list, and the complexity of the projects and the high requirements of criticizing writing can be seen.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a hospital environment influence factor evaluation method which is simple and reasonable in operation and more standardized in ring evaluation work.
The technical aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme, namely a hospital environment influence factor evaluation method, which comprises the following steps:
determining environmental impact factors participating in evaluation, constructing a technical evaluation index system, and determining evaluation index correction parameters of all the environmental impact factors;
calculating the weight of each environmental impact factor evaluation index according to the evaluation index parameters of different environmental impact factors;
constructing evaluation index grading coefficients of all environmental influence factors;
based on the weight and the grading coefficient of each environmental influence factor, obtaining the influence score of each environmental influence factor, and obtaining the total influence score according to the influence score of each environmental influence factor, thereby judging whether the evaluation of the hospital main body environmental influence factors is passed or not;
wherein the environmental impact factors involved in the assessment include: engineering overview, engineering analysis, environmental impact prediction and evaluation, pollution control measures, clean production, construction dust, construction wastewater, construction noise, solid waste during construction, sewage, waste gas, noise, solid waste during operation, hazardous waste temporary storage, infectious disease areas, environmental risks, influence of the external environment on projects, and radiation pollution;
the evaluation index classification coefficients are classified into class I, class II and class III, and each environmental impact factor coefficient belonging to class I is 1.0, each environmental impact factor coefficient belonging to class II is 0.5, and each environmental impact factor coefficient belonging to class III is 0.2.
By adopting the technical scheme, the technical evaluation index system is constructed for the environmental impact factors participating in evaluation, so that the impact degree of each environmental impact factor on the evaluation of the environmental impact factors of hospitals can be quantified, meanwhile, the factors with different importance degrees can be screened out by distinguishing the factors with certain degrees through the grading coefficients of the evaluation indexes, the factors with different importance degrees are enabled to have different impact degrees and be reflected in specific numerical values, the operation is convenient, the standardization is higher, and the impact relation between each independent factor and the result is clear at a glance and visual.
The invention is further provided with: when the technical evaluation index system is constructed, a standard value is set for each environmental impact factor, the evaluation index parameter is a correction value of the standard value, the upper limit of the allowable value is obtained as the standard value plus the correction value, the lower limit of the allowable value is obtained as the standard value-correction value, the weight of the evaluation index is calculated as the ratio of the measured value to the standard value, and when the measured value is larger than the upper limit of the allowable value or smaller than the lower limit of the allowable value, the weight is recorded as 0.
By adopting the technical scheme, the standard value and the correction value are set, the specific requirement can be carried out according to specific environmental influence factors to carry out the value setting, the upper and lower floating ranges of the correction value can be the same or different, when the measured value is larger than the upper limit of the allowable value or smaller than the lower limit of the allowable value, the weight is recorded as 0, namely the measured value is in a disqualified state, and the measured value can be intuitively reflected through the weight.
The invention is further provided with: the environmental impact factors belonging to class i include: construction dust, construction waste water, construction noise, solid waste during construction, sewage, waste gas, noise, solid waste during operation, hazardous waste temporary storage room and infectious disease area.
By adopting the technical scheme, the importance and the influence degree of the I-level environmental influence factors on the assessment of the hospital environmental influence factors are large, and the method is an item of important attention.
The invention is further provided with: the environmental impact factors belonging to class ii include: environmental risk, influence of the outside environment on the project, radiation pollution.
The invention is further provided with: the environmental influence factors belonging to class III comprise engineering profile, engineering analysis, environmental influence prediction and evaluation, pollution control measures and clean production.
By adopting the technical scheme, the environmental impact factors of the II level and the III level are slightly less important for the evaluation of the environmental impact factors, but are also indispensable items and are also important components of the overall evaluation.
The invention is further provided with: the engineering profile includes the following sub-items: project basic conditions, project overall planning conditions, project construction contents, general plane layout, relation between a project to be constructed and an external environment, original land conditions, public engineering and environmental protection engineering; the environmental impact prediction and assessment includes the following sub-items: environmental impact prediction, impact of the outside environment on the project under construction, and interaction analysis between the interiors.
By adopting the technical scheme, project profile and environmental impact prediction and evaluation are required to be refined to sub-projects, weight calculation can be performed on the aspect of word projects, and more accurate data can be obtained through finer division.
The invention is further provided with: and constructing a technical evaluation index system for the sub-projects included in the project profile and the environmental impact prediction and evaluation, determining evaluation index parameters of each sub-project, calculating weights of each sub-project according to the evaluation index parameters of different sub-projects, and averaging the weights of each sub-project to obtain the weights of the project profile and the environmental impact prediction and evaluation.
By adopting the technical scheme, the influence of the sub-items on the engineering profile is also specifically a numerical value, and the influence is reflected through the weight, so that an evaluator is more visual, and the final judgment is convenient.
The invention is further provided with: setting a standard value for each environmental impact factor when constructing a technical evaluation index system for engineering profile and environmental impact prediction and evaluation, wherein the evaluation index parameter is a correction value of the standard value, the upper limit of the allowable value is the standard value+the correction value, the lower limit of the allowable value is the standard value-correction value, the weight of the evaluation index is calculated as the ratio of the measured value to the standard value, and when the measured value is larger than the upper limit of the allowable value or smaller than the lower limit of the allowable value, the weight is recorded as 0.
By adopting the technical scheme, the standard value and the correction value are set, the specific requirement can be carried out according to specific environmental influence factors to carry out the value setting, the upper and lower floating ranges of the correction value can be the same or different, when the measured value is larger than the upper limit of the allowable value or smaller than the lower limit of the allowable value, the weight is recorded as 0, namely the measured value is in a disqualified state, and the measured value can be intuitively reflected through the weight.
The invention is further provided with: calculating total influence time, setting a deviation coefficient, calculating the ratio of a measured value to a standard value during calculation of the deviation coefficient, obtaining the difference value between the ratio of the measured value to the standard value and 1, and judging through the ratio of the difference value to the corrected value: 0-20% of the components belong to class A, 20-50% of the components belong to class B, and 50-100% of the components belong to class C, and the deviation coefficient is as follows: the number of the A-type environmental impact factors is 1 when the number of the A-type environmental impact factors accounts for 100% of the total environmental impact factors; the number of the environmental impact factors of the class A is more than 90% of the total environmental impact factors, and the number of the environmental impact factors of the class C is less than 5%, and is 0.95; the number of the environmental impact factors of the class A is more than 75% of the total environmental impact factors, and 0.9 when the number of the environmental impact factors of the class C is less than 10%; the number of the environmental impact factors of the class A is more than 60% of the total environmental impact factors, and the number of the environmental impact factors of the class C is less than 15%, and is 0.85; the number of the environmental impact factors of the class A is more than 40% of the total environmental impact factors, and the number of the environmental impact factors of the class C is less than 25% and is 0.75; the deviation coefficient of the other cases was 0.7.
By adopting the technical scheme, the deviation coefficient is set, so that the difference between the measured value and the standard value can be further reflected, and the measured value conforming to the allowable value is further divided by distinguishing A, B, C three types, so that the method is more detailed and accurate.
The invention is further provided with: standard value P, correction value Pi, measured value M, weight N, grading coefficient I, environmental influence factor number Z, deviation coefficient Q, influence total score F, influence total score F= [ (N) 1 +N 2 +N 3 +…）*I 1 +(N 4 +N 5 +N 6 +…)*I 2 +(N 7 +N 8 +N 9 +…)*I 3 ]* Q, wherein when each weight N is calculated, when M>P+Pi, or, M<And when the P-Pi is, the weight N of the environmental influence factors is recorded as 0, after the total influence score F is obtained, the ratio between the total influence score F and the number Z of the environmental influence factors is calculated, and when the ratio is greater than 0.7 and the environmental influence factors belonging to the class I and class II grading coefficients do not have the weight of 0, the environmental influence factors are judged to be qualified.
By adopting the technical scheme, the weight N=M/P, so that the weight N can be calculated for each environmental impact factor which is not 0, the total impact score is obtained through correction of the deviation coefficient after final superposition according to the calculation of the corresponding grading coefficient, and then the weight of 0 is not found according to the environmental impact factors which affect the total impact score and the grade I and grade II grading coefficient as the standard for judging whether the quality is acceptable or not, an operator can directly calculate according to the formula, and each environmental impact factor can be quantized into a numerical value to obtain a final result.
In summary, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the technical evaluation index system is constructed, the evaluation index correction parameters of all environmental influence factors are determined, each environmental influence factor can be specifically quantized into a judgment basis through the calculation of the weights and the grading coefficients, unified operation and management are facilitated, the technical evaluation index system is more standard, the set deviation coefficients further subdivide the result into various more specific and visual final results, and the technical evaluation index system is beneficial to helping the evaluation of the environmental influence factors of hospitals to be carried out smoothly, simply and normally.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
A hospital environment influence factor assessment method, as shown in figure 1, comprises the following steps:
(1) determining environmental impact factors participating in evaluation, constructing a technical evaluation index system, and determining evaluation index correction parameters of all the environmental impact factors.
Wherein the environmental impact factors involved in the assessment include: engineering overview, engineering analysis, environmental impact prediction and evaluation, pollution control measures, clean production, construction dust, construction wastewater, construction noise, solid waste during construction, sewage, waste gas, noise, solid waste during operation, hazardous waste temporary storage, infectious disease areas, environmental risks, influence of the external environment on projects, and radiation pollution.
The concrete explanation is as follows:
1.1 Engineering overview
The need for the exchange of hospital items must be entirely careful, as this is the source of analysis of the pollution production links, mainly starting from the following aspects. Meanwhile, the total floor plan is provided, the pollution source distribution must be included, and the reconstruction project must be provided with a surrounding environment schematic diagram, an internal and external water supply pipe network diagram, a drainage path diagram, a people stream logistics vehicle flow diagram and the like before and after reconstruction.
1.1.1 project base case
The construction background, the basic condition and the constitution of the project are described, the nature of the hospital is clear, whether the hospital is a comprehensive hospital, an infectious disease hospital or a special hospital, and whether a non-infectious disease hospital relates to an infectious disease ward or not.
1.1.2 project population planning scenarios
If the project is a staged construction or the project to be built is a sub-project of the overall construction project, the planning condition of the overall construction project and the relation between the project to be built and the overall construction project should be described, and the overall construction progress is defined; the project of stage construction and stage acceptance should give out the analysis content of the pollution discharge of the production in each stage and the environment-friendly three-simultaneously acceptance table.
1.1.3 project construction content
According to project characteristics, the detailed economic and technical indexes such as the total land area, the total building area, the overground building area, the underground building area, the outpatient service quantity, the number of beds, the distribution and plane arrangement conditions of each building, the floor and the use function and the like of the project are described, the setting conditions of departments or medical subjects are defined, and the intra-hospital regional conditions, namely, the sick area and the non-sick area, the infectious ward and the non-infectious ward are defined. It is worth mentioning that the clinic quantity and the number of beds are important indexes of hospital items, and the criticizing file should be clear according to the legislation file and cannot be omitted.
1.1.4 general planar arrangement
Major factors, design principles and design schemes of project planning design considerations are described. The main building and auxiliary building, such as boiler room, oxygen station, washing room, etc. and the general plan layout scheme of public facilities, and the special layout scheme of road traffic, parking lot, etc. are given.
1.1.5 planning the relationship between the project and the external environment and the original situation of use
(1) Outside project environment base case
The charts are used in combination with text to describe environmental conditions surrounding the project, including but not limited to, traffic trunks, residential points, utilities, factory enterprises, lake waters, and the like. The important explanation is whether there are restrictive factors in project construction, including the external environment that may affect the project, such as the setting of the sanitary protection distance existing around or in the construction enterprises, the clear planning control distance requirement of the surrounding road critique, etc., and the basic condition of the external environment that may be affected by the project, such as the requirement of the construction specification of the infectious disease hospital itself.
(2) Property and status of the project land
Description of project land historic and current situation: the present situation of the land is only required to be described without environmental carryover, and the replacement and replacement main body, the replacement scale and the replacement placement condition are required to be supplemented for the replacement of the original land block; the original land history of the original enterprise factory floor layout, the functional layout of each production unit, the production process, the product scheme, the main pollution source distribution condition, the pollutant emission condition, the pollution control measures, the corresponding relation between each functional area of the original factory and each structure of the project planning to be built and the related soil restoration condition are described, and the conclusion of the soil restoration report can be directly quoted, so that the purpose of describing whether the land block can be used for the construction of the hospital project is achieved.
1.1.6 Utility
Basic conditions of project power supply, water supply and drainage, refrigeration and heating, an air purification system (filtering, disinfection and the like), smoke exhaust and ventilation, a medical gas supply system, bedding and clothing washing, logistics, traffic, a garbage collection system and the like are described.
For projects with incomplete municipal drainage pipe networks in the collection range of sewage treatment plants but in the peripheral current situation, the municipal drainage planning and construction progress of the areas are combined, the construction conditions of pipe networks and related facilities, such as pump stations, in each section of a project drainage path are realized, and the time sequence connection relation with project construction is described; if the construction progress cannot be confirmed, environmental assessment is required to be carried out according to two conditions of near and long-term drainage, pollution control measure design and standard analysis.
1.1.7 environmental protection engineering
Basic conditions of project sewage treatment stations, general solid waste temporary storage rooms, medical hazardous waste temporary storage rooms, waste gas treatment facilities, environment management systems and the like are described.
1.2 Engineering analysis
Analyzing construction links in the construction period, defining pollution sources of all links, and analyzing main pollution sources of all functional areas of the building in the operation period; and giving out project pollution source distribution conditions and accounting pollution source intensity in a construction period and an operation period, and adopting environmental protection measures. This section basically includes the following charts: construction link and pollution producing node schematic diagram, main pollution source distribution diagram in operation period, water balance diagram in operation period, pollution producing analysis table in construction period, pollution producing analysis table in project operation period, earth and stone balance table in construction period, project water supply and drainage balance table, pollution source intensity, generation condition list and pollutant emission condition summarizing list.
1.3 Environmental impact prediction and assessment
1.3.1 environmental impact predictive evaluation
And selecting water environment, atmospheric environment, acoustic environment, groundwater environment, solid waste, water and soil loss and ecological environment influence to perform thematic prediction and evaluation on the construction period and the operation period according to project characteristics and regional environment characteristics of the project. It should be noted that, according to the regulations of the environmental impact evaluation technology guide, groundwater environment (HJ 610-2016), the groundwater evaluation category of three-dimensional hospitals is class III, and the impact analysis content of the related groundwater environment is more extensive than that of the general hospital item.
1.3.2 analysis of influence of external Environment on project to be built and interaction between interiors
Hospitals are used as special social building types, and need to provide quiet and harmonious diagnosis and treatment and medical environments for medical staff, patients and the like, and generally regard the hospitals as sensitive buildings, so that the requirements on surrounding environments are high; therefore, the environmental impact of the external environment on the operation period of the hospital project is often required to be supplemented in the criticizing, and the following situations are mainly caused:
(1) Evaluating and analyzing the influence of traffic noise or vibration on the planned project to meet the requirements of sound environment quality: the method comprises the steps of describing building names, using functions, layer heights, scales, position relations and the like of the adjacent traffic induction trunk lines, analyzing and predicting whether an adjacent road side sound environment of an adjacent road building influenced by noise and vibration can meet the standard requirements of a functional area, and if the adjacent road side sound environment exceeds the standard, determining the exceeding range and exceeding degree of noise; for the areas incapable of meeting the functional area standard, effective measures are adopted according to the principle proposed by the ground traffic noise pollution control technical policy of the text of the environmental issue [2010]7 to enable the indoor sound environment to meet the requirements of corresponding medical rooms of the civil architecture sound insulation design specification (GB 50118-2010).
(2) And (3) evaluating and analyzing the influence of atmospheric pollution and noise pollution of special projects such as sewage treatment plants, garbage transfer stations and the like on the environmental air and acoustic environment of the project to be constructed by surrounding industrial enterprises and municipal public works.
(3) The unit actual measurement data with monitoring qualification is used for evaluating or analytically analyzing the environmental influences of facilities such as high-voltage corridor, transformer substation, microwave transmitting tower, broadcast television transmitting and the like in the surrounding environment on the electromagnetic radiation, radio interference and the like of the project to be built.
(4) If the project has the condition of staged construction and staged acceptance, analyzing the environmental influence of post-engineering construction on the operation of the earlier project.
1.4 Pollution control measures
And (3) selecting all or part of the following topics for analysis of environmental protection measures according to construction period and operation period and combining the characteristics of projects: atmospheric pollution prevention measures, waste (sewage) treatment measures, noise and vibration treatment measures, solid waste treatment measures, groundwater protection measures, soil and water conservation measures, ecological protection measures and other environmental risk prevention measures; the feasibility of environmental protection measures to be adopted in the demonstration project is demonstrated, and according to the principle of advanced, applicable and effective technology, multi-scheme comparison selection is carried out when necessary, and the optimal scheme is recommended.
1.5 others
1.5.1 analysis of clean production in hospitals
According to the twenty-fourth item in the clean production promotion method of the people's republic of China: "building engineering should adopt energy-saving, water-saving and other building design schemes, building and finishing materials, building components and equipment which are beneficial to environmental and resource protection. "clean production analysis of hospital items" can discuss the clean production level of the items from the aspects of "selection of building and finishing materials", "energy saving", "water saving", "land saving", "material saving", "ozone layer protection", and the like, and improvement suggestions are made for the shortages. Because of the particularities of hospital drainage, in order to avoid cross-infection, it is generally not recommended to practice reuse of reclaimed water in hospitals, and therefore this is often not the case in the recommendations of clean production improvement.
1.5.2 Total floor plan rationality analysis for hospitals
And analyzing the rationality of the layout of the equipment and facilities according to the positions of the equipment and facilities such as the waste temporary storage room, the sewage treatment station, the boiler room, the oxygen station, the logistics people stream line, the pump room, the cooling tower, the fan and the like in the general diagram. Analysis is mainly started from the aspect that whether cross infection exists or not and whether the influence is caused to peripheral sensitive targets and sensitive points in hospitals, such as hospitalization parts or ward buildings.
2 basic content for criticizing and examining hospital items
2.1 Major environmental impact during construction and control measures
The environmental impact in the construction period of the hospital project mainly comprises construction dust, construction wastewater, construction noise, solid waste pollution and the like.
(1) Construction dust emission: mainly comes from the prior old building demolishing (if related), the earthwork digging, backfilling and transferring, the construction materials are carried and piled on site to generate dust, the road dust of the transport vehicles, and the like. In the evaluation, the influence of flying dust on the atmosphere environment, especially the influence on the surrounding sensitive points, should be predicted qualitatively or quantitatively, and the projects with small scale and short construction period can be simplified properly. The control measures such as setting up totally closed enclosing, in time cleaning the job site, regularly watering presses down dirt are adopted, reduce its pollution degree and influence scope to the external world.
(2) Construction wastewater: mainly comprises construction production wastewater and constructor domestic sewage. The production wastewater is required to be collected in a concentrated way as much as possible for precipitation and oil separation treatment and then is recycled or used for sprinkling water and dust fall; for domestic sewage generated by constructors, projects with perfect peripheral pipe networks can be nearby discharged into urban sewage pipelines, and projects which cannot be connected with sewage treatment plants can take measures of dry toilets or movable environment-friendly toilets to avoid random discharge of untreated sewage.
(3) Construction noise: mainly comprises construction machinery noise and transportation noise. For large projects, the influence on the field boundary and the sensitive points is quantitatively predicted by analyzing the sound source intensity according to the types and the quantity of construction machines, and the projects with small scale and short construction period can be properly simplified. The influence of the sound source on surrounding sensitive points is usually relieved by means of reducing the intensity of the sound source, increasing the enclosure, protecting sensitive targets, increasing the attenuation, prohibiting construction at night and the like.
(4) Solid waste: mainly comprises construction waste, spoil and household waste of constructors, and can respectively estimate the production amount and indicate the discharge direction by adopting a coefficient method or an analog analysis method.
2.2 Primary environmental impact and control measures during operation
The environmental impact during operation mainly includes sewage, exhaust gas, noise, solid waste pollution, etc.
(1) Sewage water: mainly comprises laboratory drainage, medical science and washroom drainage, such as laboratory, diagnosis and treatment room, operation and the like, drainage, such as toilet flushing, washing and the like of inpatients and accompanying family members, clean and sanitary drainage, domestic office sewage, dining room wastewater and the like generated by medical care and administrative staff; note that the nature, manner of disposal and direction of several special waste waters, i.e. assay waste water, radiology waste water, clinical laboratory waste water, stomatology waste water, etc. are described in connection with the actual situation of the hospital. If the project sewage can be smoothly connected into a sewage treatment plant through a municipal pipe network, the project sewage can meet the pretreatment standard in the table 2 of GB 1866-2005 medical institution Water pollutant emission Standard through self-built sewage treatment facilities; if project sewage is directly discharged into surface water body through pipe network or ditch, project sewage should pass through self-built sewage treatment facilities to meet the discharge standard in Table 2 of GB 1866-2005 "medical institution Water pollutant discharge Standard". According to different effluent standards, corresponding sewage treatment schemes are adopted by referring to technical Specification of hospital sewage treatment engineering (HJ 2029-2013) and technical guidelines of hospital sewage treatment (around 2003 197) and the like, and meanwhile, the project sewage emission property (sewage split flow or sewage combined flow) and the condition of the hospital inner pipe network are further refined.
(2) Exhaust gas: mainly from boiler waste gas, canteen lampblack, automobile tail gas, foul smell of sewage treatment stations, waste gas generated by the operation of a diesel generator (if standby is provided), drug-decocting foul smell (if a drug-decocting room is provided), and the like. Quantitative analysis and prediction are carried out on the pollution sources (wherein, the odor of decoction is complicated in composition and lacks of source intensity calculation basis, and the environmental assessment only needs qualitative analysis), and corresponding pollution prevention measures are provided.
(3) Noise: mainly from equipment such as dining room fan, pump house, boiler room, central air conditioning cooling water set, cooling tower, underground garage fan, etc. the crowd noise of seeking medical advice. In the evaluation, noise control measures are proposed according to the content of the construction project, and not only the influence of hospital noise on peripheral sensitive points, but also the influence of noise possibly suffered by hospital hospitalization buildings and the like are considered.
(4) Solid waste: mainly comprises household garbage, medical waste, sewage treatment station sludge, canteen waste grease, waste activated carbon (which is involved if the canteen is used for deodorizing sewage treatment facilities), and the like, the generation amount of the canteen waste grease can be estimated by adopting an analog analysis method or a statistical method, a treatment scheme is determined, the discharge direction is definitely determined, and dangerous waste disposal protocol is realized.
3 important attention content for review of hospital item
3.1 waste Water
Whether sewage from the project disease area and the non-disease area, sewage from the infectious disease area and the non-infectious disease area is treated according to quality and the sewage is split; the design scale, treatment process, treatment unit, treatment efficiency, disinfection mode and sewage treatment scheme of the sewage treatment station reach the standard and feasibility analysis is comprehensive; the nature, the emission characteristics, the emission mode and the direction of the special type of wastewater are clear; whether the final direction of the sewage discharge is judged accurately or not, and whether the sewage treatment standard is strictly implemented according to the medical institution water pollutant discharge standard (GB 1866-2005); and whether the sewage on-line monitoring device is arranged according to the national relevant specifications. It is further noted that the wastewater treatment plant taking over standard for receiving wastewater discharged from hospitals should be listed with its taking over standard as a special requirement.
3.2 dangerous waste temporary storage room
The special dirt conveying channel is far away from the main personnel gathering area as far as possible, so that pollution caused by leakage and diffusion in the dirt conveying process is effectively prevented, the cross of polluted objects and cleaning objects is avoided, and the dirt cleaning and distribution is realized.
3.3 Infectious disease area
In combination with the prevention and control characteristics of the infectious disease area, attention is paid to the treatment requirements of wastewater, sludge and medical waste generated in the infectious disease area and the air purification requirements.
3.4 environmental risk
The environmental risks that may exist in hospitals are generally concentrated on public and auxiliary projects, such as abnormal discharge of sewage treatment stations, leakage and fire accidents of oxygen stations or oxygen generation stations, use of disinfectants, natural gas leakage, accidents of oil reservoirs (generally used for diesel generators or boilers for standby, and generally used for oil tanks or oil reservoirs when a small amount of the oil reservoirs are stored), and the whole process of medical waste collection, disposal and transportation.
3.5 influence of external Environment on items
The external environmental impact factors are mainly: municipal facilities with obvious pollution influence of waste gas or noise, such as sewage treatment plants, garbage transfer stations, garbage landfill sites, large pump stations and the like, traffic noise, vibration, electromagnetic pollution, industrial pollution and the like, are fully investigated about pollution sources in the evaluation process, and the pollution influence degree is quantitatively analyzed to determine whether the pollution influence degree meets the requirements of related standard specifications.
3.6 radiation contamination
The hospital should specially entrust with the establishment of nuclear technology application project qualification establishment nuclear technology environmental impact evaluation file, this file to the hospital related radioactive equipment and nuclear medicine application and other nuclear technology application to the environment may cause the influence analysis, prediction and assessment, and put forward the prevention and alleviate adverse environmental impact countermeasures and measures, and put forward the relevant radiation environment management requirement at the same time. The hospital class project criticism does not make detailed evaluation and description on the part, and can briefly describe the principle environment protection requirement or quote the conclusion of the radiation class criticism.
3.7 reconstruction and extension and transfer hospitals
According to the category of some market hospital project examined by the pencils in recent years, the hospital reconstruction and expansion or relocation situation is common, and the focus of the project review is to pay special attention to the following aspects besides the above: in the transitional period (the transitional period refers to the period when a hospital is disassembled and changed but a planned part is not yet established), the problems of construction and use of a sewage treatment station, a medical waste temporary storage room and the like cannot occur, and the situations that sewage cannot be effectively treated, namely, discharged, medical waste is not stacked or discarded at will, and the like; whether the bearing engineering with the supporting relation meets the reconstruction and expansion requirements or not; the influence of the construction period on the waste gas and noise pollution of the original sensitive buildings in the hospital, such as sickrooms, diagnosis and treatment rooms, operating rooms and the like, needs special section analysis; for the project of construction, if the construction unit needs to transfer the existing medical building, the sanitary protection work should be actually done, and after the original building, especially the infection isolation area, needs to be completely disinfected, the original building can be transferred to the sanitary department or the related authorities for redistribution.
3.8 others
At present, a plurality of private hospitals and private small hospitals often rent a single commercial property of a real estate or a certain layer of a commercial skirt building can be put into use, and the following points are particularly noted for the criticizing of the items: the property of the house for lease is clear (relevant file support is needed, such as house property evidence) and the property is taken as a limiting factor for project site selection when obvious contradiction exists; whether commercial status restriction conditions (such as inability to introduce sanitary stations, hospitals, etc.) exist in the project reviews of rented commercial houses, and whether spaces for setting necessary pollution control facilities of the hospitals exist; if the hospital sewage treatment facility is located in a space outside the rental room (e.g., in the space beside the commercial room or under the space, or in the public green space, etc.), the criticism must be clear of the land rights or jurisdictions of the space and if not the rented party, the hospital should agree with the relevant units or departments.
(2) Calculating the weight of each environmental impact factor evaluation index according to the evaluation index parameters of different environmental impact factors; specifically, when the technical evaluation index system is constructed, a standard value is set for each environmental impact factor, the evaluation index parameter is a correction value of the standard value, the upper limit of the allowable value is obtained as the standard value+the correction value, the lower limit of the allowable value is obtained as the standard value-correction value, the weight of the evaluation index is calculated as the ratio of the measured value to the standard value, and when the measured value is larger than the upper limit of the allowable value or smaller than the lower limit of the allowable value, the weight is recorded as 0.
(3) Constructing evaluation index grading coefficients of all environmental influence factors; specifically, the evaluation index classification coefficients are classified into class i, class ii and class iii, and each environmental impact factor coefficient belonging to class i is 1.0, each environmental impact factor coefficient belonging to class ii is 0.5, and each environmental impact factor coefficient belonging to class iii is 0.2.
Wherein, the environmental impact factors belonging to class I include: construction dust, construction waste water, construction noise, solid waste during construction, sewage, waste gas, noise, solid waste during operation, hazardous waste temporary storage room and infectious disease area; the environmental impact factors belonging to class ii include: environmental risk, influence of the outside environment on the project, radiation pollution; the environmental influence factors belonging to class III comprise engineering profile, engineering analysis, environmental influence prediction and evaluation, pollution control measures and clean production.
(4) Based on the weight and the grading coefficient of each environmental influence factor, the influence score of each environmental influence factor is obtained, and the total influence score is obtained according to the influence score of each environmental influence factor, so that whether the evaluation of the hospital main body environmental influence factors is passed or not is judged.
Calculating the total influence time, setting a deviation coefficient, calculating the ratio of a measured value to a standard value when the deviation coefficient is calculated, obtaining the difference value between the ratio of the measured value to the standard value and 1, and judging through the ratio of the difference value to the correction value: 0-20% of the components belong to class A, 20-50% of the components belong to class B, and 50-100% of the components belong to class C, and the deviation coefficient is as follows: the number of the A-type environmental impact factors is 1 when the number of the A-type environmental impact factors accounts for 100% of the total environmental impact factors; the number of the environmental impact factors of the class A is more than 90% of the total environmental impact factors, and the number of the environmental impact factors of the class C is less than 5%, and is 0.95; the number of the environmental impact factors of the class A is more than 75% of the total environmental impact factors, and 0.9 when the number of the environmental impact factors of the class C is less than 10%; the number of the environmental impact factors of the class A is more than 60% of the total environmental impact factors, and the number of the environmental impact factors of the class C is less than 15%, and is 0.85; the number of the environmental impact factors of the class A is more than 40% of the total environmental impact factors, and the number of the environmental impact factors of the class C is less than 25% and is 0.75; the deviation coefficient of the other cases was 0.7.
Finally, the standard value P, the correction value Pi, the measured value M, the weight N, the grading coefficient I, the number Z of environmental influence factors, the deviation coefficient Q and the total influence score F are recorded, and the total influence score F= [ (N) 1 +N 2 +N 3 +…）*I 1 +(N 4 +N 5 +N 6 +…)*I 2 +(N 7 +N 8 +N 9 +…)*I 3 ]* Q, where n=m/P when each weight N is calculated, and when M>P+Pi, or, M<And when the P-Pi is, the weight N of the environmental influence factors is recorded as 0, after the total influence score F is obtained, the ratio between the total influence score F and the number Z of the environmental influence factors is calculated, and when the ratio is greater than 0.7 and the environmental influence factors belonging to the class I and class II grading coefficients do not have the weight of 0, the environmental influence factors are judged to be qualified.
It should be noted that, since the engineering profile includes the following sub-items: project basic conditions, project overall planning conditions, project construction contents, general plane layout, relation between a project to be constructed and an external environment, original land conditions, public engineering and environmental protection engineering; environmental impact prediction and assessment includes the following sub-items: environmental impact prediction, impact of the outside environment on the project under construction, and interaction analysis between the interiors. Therefore, for the weight calculation of the project profile and the environmental impact prediction and evaluation, a technical evaluation index system is firstly constructed for the included sub-projects, the evaluation index parameters of each sub-project are determined, the weights of each sub-project are calculated according to the evaluation index parameters of different sub-projects, and the weights of the project profile and the environmental impact prediction and evaluation can be obtained by taking the average value of the weights of each sub-project.
Setting a standard value for each environmental impact factor when constructing a technical evaluation index system for engineering profile and environmental impact prediction and evaluation, wherein the evaluation index parameter is a correction value of the standard value, the upper limit of the allowable value is the standard value+the correction value, the lower limit of the allowable value is the standard value-correction value, the weight of the evaluation index is calculated as the ratio of the measured value to the standard value, and when the measured value is larger than the upper limit of the allowable value or smaller than the lower limit of the allowable value, the weight is recorded as 0.
Claims (7)
1. A method for evaluating environmental impact factors of a hospital, the method comprising:
determining environmental impact factors participating in evaluation, constructing a technical evaluation index system, and determining evaluation index correction parameters of all the environmental impact factors;
calculating the weight of each environmental impact factor evaluation index according to the evaluation index parameters of different environmental impact factors;
constructing evaluation index grading coefficients of all environmental influence factors;
based on the weight and the grading coefficient of each environmental influence factor, obtaining the influence score of each environmental influence factor, and obtaining the total influence score according to the influence score of each environmental influence factor, thereby judging whether the evaluation of the hospital main body environmental influence factors is passed or not;
wherein the environmental impact factors involved in the assessment include: engineering overview, engineering analysis, environmental impact prediction and evaluation, pollution control measures, clean production, construction dust, construction wastewater, construction noise, solid waste during construction, sewage, waste gas, noise, solid waste during operation, hazardous waste temporary storage, infectious disease areas, environmental risks, influence of the external environment on projects, and radiation pollution;
the evaluation index classification coefficients are divided into a class I, a class II and a class III, the coefficients of all the environmental impact factors belonging to the class I are 1.0, the coefficients of all the environmental impact factors belonging to the class II are 0.5, and the coefficients of all the environmental impact factors belonging to the class III are 0.2;
setting a standard value for each environmental impact factor when constructing a technical evaluation index system, wherein the evaluation index parameter is a correction value of the standard value, the upper limit of the allowable value is the standard value plus the correction value, the lower limit of the allowable value is the standard value-correction value, the weight of the evaluation index is calculated as the ratio of the measured value to the standard value, and when the measured value is larger than the upper limit of the allowable value or smaller than the lower limit of the allowable value, the weight is recorded as 0;
calculating total influence time, setting a deviation coefficient, calculating the ratio of a measured value to a standard value during calculation of the deviation coefficient, obtaining the difference value between the ratio of the measured value to the standard value and 1, and judging through the ratio of the difference value to the corrected value: 0-20% of the components belong to class A, 20-50% of the components belong to class B, and 50-100% of the components belong to class C, and the deviation coefficient is as follows: the number of the A-type environmental impact factors is 1 when the number of the A-type environmental impact factors accounts for 100% of the total environmental impact factors; the number of the environmental impact factors of the class A is more than 90% of the total environmental impact factors, and the number of the environmental impact factors of the class C is less than 5%, and is 0.95; the number of the environmental impact factors of the class A is more than 75% of the total environmental impact factors, and 0.9 when the number of the environmental impact factors of the class C is less than 10%; the number of the environmental impact factors of the class A is more than 60% of the total environmental impact factors, and the number of the environmental impact factors of the class C is less than 15%, and is 0.85; the number of the environmental impact factors of the class A is more than 40% of the total environmental impact factors, and the number of the environmental impact factors of the class C is less than 25% and is 0.75; the deviation coefficient of the other conditions is 0.7;
standard value P, correction value Pi, measured value M, weight N, grading coefficient I, environmental influence factor number Z, deviation coefficient Q, influence total score F, influence total score F= [ (N) 1 +N 2 +N 3 +…）*I 1 +(N 4 +N 5 +N 6 +…)*I 2 +(N 7 +N 8 +N 9 +…)*I 3 ]* Q, wherein when each weight N is calculated, when M>P+Pi, or, M<And when the P-Pi is, the weight N of the environmental influence factors is recorded as 0, after the total influence score F is obtained, the ratio between the total influence score F and the number Z of the environmental influence factors is calculated, and when the ratio is greater than 0.7 and the environmental influence factors belonging to the class I and class II grading coefficients do not have the weight of 0, the environmental influence factors are judged to be qualified.
2. The hospital-like environmental impact assessment method according to claim 1, wherein: the environmental impact factors belonging to class i include: construction dust, construction waste water, construction noise, solid waste during construction, sewage, waste gas, noise, solid waste during operation, hazardous waste temporary storage room and infectious disease area.
3. The hospital-like environmental impact assessment method according to claim 1, wherein: the environmental impact factors belonging to class ii include: environmental risk, influence of the outside environment on the project, radiation pollution.
4. The hospital-like environmental impact assessment method according to claim 1, wherein: the environmental influence factors belonging to class III comprise engineering profile, engineering analysis, environmental influence prediction and evaluation, pollution control measures and clean production.
5. The hospital-class environmental impact assessment method of claim 4, wherein said engineering profile comprises the following sub-items: project basic conditions, project overall planning conditions, project construction contents, general plane layout, relation between a project to be constructed and an external environment, original land conditions, public engineering and environmental protection engineering; the environmental impact prediction and assessment includes the following sub-items: environmental impact prediction, impact of the outside environment on the project under construction, and interaction analysis between the interiors.
6. The hospital-like environmental impact assessment method according to claim 5, wherein: and constructing a technical evaluation index system for the sub-projects included in the project profile and the environmental impact prediction and evaluation, determining evaluation index parameters of each sub-project, calculating weights of each sub-project according to the evaluation index parameters of different sub-projects, and averaging the weights of each sub-project to obtain the weights of the project profile and the environmental impact prediction and evaluation.
7. The hospital-like environmental impact assessment method according to claim 6, wherein: setting a standard value for each environmental impact factor when constructing a technical evaluation index system for engineering profile and environmental impact prediction and evaluation, wherein the evaluation index parameter is a correction value of the standard value, the upper limit of the allowable value is the standard value+the correction value, the lower limit of the allowable value is the standard value-correction value, the weight of the evaluation index is calculated as the ratio of the measured value to the standard value, and when the measured value is larger than the upper limit of the allowable value or smaller than the lower limit of the allowable value, the weight is recorded as 0.
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