CN110348738A - hospital environment influence factor evaluation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hospital environment influence factor evaluation method, which comprises the steps of determining environment influence factors participating in evaluation, constructing a technical evaluation index system, and determining evaluation index correction parameters of the environment influence factors; calculating the weight of each environmental influence factor evaluation index according to evaluation index parameters of different environmental influence factors; establishing an evaluation index grading coefficient of each environmental influence factor; based on the weight and the grading coefficient, obtaining the influence score of each environmental influence factor, and obtaining an influence total score according to the influence score of each environmental influence factor, so as to judge whether the environmental influence factor evaluation of the hospital main body passes or not; through the arrangement, all items to be evaluated in the ring evaluation process are listed and corresponding evaluation index parameters are given, so that the items participate in evaluation in a weight mode, and meanwhile, environmental influence factors with different importance degrees are separated according to the grading coefficient, so that the evaluation is more reasonable and regular.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to environmental impact assessment technical fields, in particular to hospital's class environmental impact factor appraisal procedure.
Background technique
As living standards of the people and requirements of health care are continuously improved, people are also more next to the medical environmental requirement of hospital
It is higher.The development trend of Hospitals at Present project is mainly: the area that the poor rural area of medical environment and city expand outwardly
The project that newly-built hospital occurs in domain is more；The incomplete hospital of conditions such as longer, hardware facility of many building times goes out in city
Existing reorganization and expansion or even the project relocated are more；Besides more and more private hospitals, section hospital's project are because of relevant policies
Relax and also gradually increase.No. 44 " Environmental Impact Assessment of Construction Items Classification Management register " is enabled according to Environmental Protection Department
The project that regulation in (correction on April 28th, 2018) is newly-built, enlarging bed 500 is opened or more need to work out environmental impact statement
Book, other (except 20 beds are below) projects need to work out environmental impact statement table.Hospital's intermediate item environmental impact assessment begins
It is classified management register eventually to be scheduled in higher opinion rating, it is seen that the high request that the complexity of this intermediate item and environmental impact assessment are write.
And the Environmental assessment technology review activities on market today is most of due to policy requirements, is specialized in gradually by original
The environmental science institute that the enterprise of technology evaluation is transferred to local government is uniformly taken back progress, regardless of enterprise or cause list
Position lacks always a science, reasonable, effective system sex work method for the environmental impact factor evaluation work of hospital's class,
It mostly works with the experience of practitioner and the resolution at scene, goes out hospital's class environmental impact factor evaluation work
Now many lack of standardization and repetitive works, cause the both sides to environmental impact assessment to bring difficulty.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention intends to provide a kind of hospital's class environmental impact factor assessment
Method, easy to operate reasonable, environmental impact assessment work more standardizes.
Above-mentioned technical purpose of the invention technical scheme is that, hospital's class environmental impact factor is commented
Estimate method, method includes:
It determines the environmental impact factor for participating in assessment, constructing technology evaluation index system, and determines commenting for each environmental impact factor
Estimate index corrected parameter；
The weight of each environmental impact factor evaluation index is calculated according to the evaluation index parameter of different environmental impact factors；
Construct the evaluation index gradation factor of each environmental impact factor；
Weight and gradation factor based on each environmental impact factor obtain the influence score of each environmental impact factor, according to
The influence score of each environmental impact factor obtains influencing total score, to judge that hospital's human subject environmental impact factor assesses whether
Pass through；
Wherein, the environmental impact factor for participating in assessment includes: project profile, project analysis, environmental impact prediction and evaluation, pollution
Control measure, clean manufacturing, construction fugitive dust, construction waste water, construction noise, construction period solid waste, sewage, exhaust gas, noise,
Between solid waste during operation, dangerous waste are temporary, the influence to project of infectious disease region, environmental risk, external environment, radiation pollution；
Evaluation index gradation factor is divided into I grade, II grade, III grade, and belonging to each environmental impact factor coefficient in I grade is 1.0,
The each environmental impact factor coefficient belonged in II grade is 0.5, and each environmental impact factor coefficient belonged in III grade is 0.2.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, the structure of technology evaluation index system is carried out to the environmental impact factor for participating in assessment
It builds, so as to quantify the influence degree that each environmental impact factor assesses hospital's class environmental impact factor, while leading to again
The gradation factor for crossing evaluation index is carried out a degree of differentiation, so as to filter out the factor of different significance levels,
So that it is had different influence degrees, and be embodied in specific numerical value, it is easy to operate and standardization it is higher, it is each it is independent because
Influence relationship between element and result is very clear, very intuitively.
The further setting of the present invention are as follows: each environmental impact factor is set when constructing technology evaluation index system and is marked
Quasi- value, evaluation index parameter are the correction value of standard value, and the upper limit for obtaining permissible value is standard value+correction value, obtain permissible value
Lower limit be standard value-correction value, then the weight for calculating evaluation index is the ratio of measured value and standard value, and works as measured value
When the upper limit greater than permissible value or the lower limit less than permissible value, weight is denoted as 0.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, established standards value and correction value can be into according to specific environmental impact factor
Row is specific to be required to carry out definite value, and the range that floats up and down of correction value can be identical or not identical, and allows when measured value is greater than
The upper limit of value or less than permissible value lower limit when, weight is denoted as 0, i.e. this is in unqualified state, and measured value can pass through power
Restore intuitive reflection.
The further setting of the present invention are as follows: the environmental impact factor for belonging to I grade includes: construction fugitive dust, construction waste water, construction
Between solid waste during noise, construction period solid waste, sewage, exhaust gas, noise, operation, dangerous waste are temporary, infectious disease region.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, weight that I grade of environmental impact factor assesses hospital's class environmental impact factor
The property wanted and influence degree are larger, are the projects paid close attention to.
The further setting of the present invention are as follows: the environmental impact factor for belonging to II grade includes: environmental risk, external environment to project
Influence, radiation pollution.
The further setting of the present invention are as follows: the environmental impact factor for belonging to III grade includes project profile, project analysis, environment
Influence prediction and evaluation, pollution prevention measure, clean manufacturing.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, weight that II grade and III grade of environmental impact factor assesses environmental impact factor
It wants degree to want slightly lower, but is also indispensable project, and be also the important component of total evaluation.
The further setting of the present invention are as follows: the project profile includes following sub-project: project basic condition, project are overall
Plan the relationship of situation, project construction content, general layout, quasi- construction project and external environment and original land used situation, public
Engineering and environment-friendly engineering；The environmental impact prediction and evaluation include following sub-project: environmental impact prediction, external environment are to proposed
Cross-impact analysis between the influence and inside of project.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, project profile and environmental impact prediction and evaluation are required to be refined to subitem
The calculating of weight can also be proceeded to the level of word project, obtain more accurate data by more careful division by mesh.
The further setting of the present invention are as follows: skill is constructed to the sub-project that project profile and environmental impact prediction and evaluation include
Art evaluation index system, and determine the evaluation index parameter of each sub-project, according to the evaluation index parameter meter of different sub-projects
The weight of each sub-project is calculated, each sub-project weight, which is averaged, can be obtained project profile and environmental impact prediction and evaluation
Weight.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, the influence by above-mentioned sub-project for project profile is also specially numerical value, and is led to
It crosses weight to reflect, makes evaluator more intuitive, convenient for final judgement.
The further setting of the present invention are as follows: skill is constructed to the sub-project that project profile and environmental impact prediction and evaluation include
To each environmental impact factor established standards value when art evaluation index system, evaluation index parameter is the correction value of standard value,
The upper limit for obtaining permissible value is standard value+correction value, and the lower limit for obtaining permissible value is standard value-correction value, then calculates assessment
The weight of index is the ratio of measured value and standard value, and when the upper limit of the measured value greater than permissible value or the lower limit less than permissible value
When, weight is denoted as 0.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, established standards value and correction value can be into according to specific environmental impact factor
Row is specific to be required to carry out definite value, and the range that floats up and down of correction value can be identical or not identical, and allows when measured value is greater than
The upper limit of value or less than permissible value lower limit when, weight is denoted as 0, i.e. this is in unqualified state, and measured value can pass through power
Restore intuitive reflection.
The further setting of the present invention are as follows: when calculating influence total score, deviation factor is set, it is first when the deviation factor calculates
The ratio of measured value and standard value is calculated, and obtains the difference between the ratio and 1 of measured value and standard value, is accounted for and is repaired by difference
The ratio of positive value judges: 0-20% belongs to A class, and 20-50% belongs to B class, and 50-100% belongs to C class, then deviation factor are as follows: A class environment
Influence factor quantity is 1 when accounting for total environment influence factor number 100%；A class environmental impact factor quantity accounts for total environment influence factor
90% or more number and when C class is 5% or less is 0.95；A class environmental impact factor quantity account for total environment influence factor number 75% with
Upper and C class is 0.9 when being 10% or less；A class environmental impact factor quantity accounts for 60% or more total environment influence factor number and C class is
It is 0.85 when 15% or less；A class environmental impact factor quantity accounts for 40% or more total environment influence factor number and C class is 25% or less
When be 0.75；The deviation factor of remaining situation is 0.7.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, deviation factor is set to can further reflect measured value and standard value
Between difference, and by distinguish A, B, C three classes allow the measured value for meeting permissible value further to be divided, more carefully
It causes and accurate.
The further setting of the present invention are as follows: standard value P, correction value Pi, measured value M, weight N, gradation factor I, environment shadow
It rings factor number Z, deviation factor Q, influence total score F, then influence total score F=[(N1+N2+N3+ ...) * I1+(N4+N5+N6+…)*I2+
(N7+N8+N9+…)*I3] * Q, wherein work as M>P+Pi when calculating each weight N, or, when M<P-Pi, this environmental impact factor
Weight N be denoted as 0, obtain influence total score F after, calculate influence total score F and environmental impact factor number Z between ratio, when than
Value is greater than 0.7 and belongs to the environmental impact factor of I grade and II grade gradation factor there is no be determined as qualification when weight is 0.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, weight N=M/P, so as to not calculated each for 0 environmental impact factor
It obtains weight N, and is calculated according to the corresponding gradation factor, finally obtain influencing by the amendment of deviation factor after superposition total
Point, and be used as further according to the environmental impact factor for influencing total score and I grade and II grade gradation factor there is no weight for 0 and determine to close
Standard whether lattice can allow operator directly to be calculated according to above-mentioned formula, can be by each environmental impact factor
All quantization becomes numerical value, and obtains final result.
In conclusion the invention has the following advantages: constructing technology evaluation index system, and determine that each environment influences
The evaluation index corrected parameter of factor, then can be specific by each environmental impact factor by the calculating of weight and gradation factor
Quantization becomes judgment basis, is convenient for unified operation and management, while also more standardizing, and the deviation factor being arranged is also further
Result is subdivided into a variety of more specific and intuitive final result, be conducive to help hospital's class environmental impact factor assessment more
Add the progress of smooth and simple specification.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the invention.
Specific embodiment
A kind of hospital's class environmental impact factor appraisal procedure, as shown in Figure 1, the content for including are as follows:
1. determine the environmental impact factor for participating in assessment, constructing technology evaluation index system, and determine each environmental impact factor
Evaluation index corrected parameter.
Wherein, participate in assessment environmental impact factor include: project profile, project analysis, environmental impact prediction and evaluation,
Pollution prevention measure, clean manufacturing, construction fugitive dust, construction waste water, construction noise, construction period solid waste, sewage, exhaust gas,
Between solid waste during noise, operation, dangerous waste are temporary, influence, the radiation of infectious disease region, environmental risk, external environment to project
Pollution.
It is described as follows:
1.1 project profile
Need the content handed over comprehensively careful Hospital Project because this is the source of pollution node analysis, mainly from
Lower several respects are started with.Pay attention to being equipped with general arrangement plan simultaneously, it is necessary to which, including analysis, Reconstruction Project, which must provide, to be changed
Before and after enlarging, surrounding enviroment schematic diagram, inside and outside water supply network figure, drainage path figure, stream of people's logistic car flow path line chart etc..
1.1.1 project basic condition
Illustrate project construction background, basic condition and composition, specify the property of hospital, be general hospital, infectious hospital or
Whether section hospital, non-infective disease hospital are related to lazaretto ward again.
1.1.2 project overall planning situation
If project is built by separate periods or projects awaiting construction are the sub-project of overall construction project, it should illustrate the planning of overall construction project
Relationship between situation and projects awaiting construction and overall construction project, and define overall construction progress；Built by separate periods is by stages checked and accepted
Project will provide the production blowdown analysis content of each phase and table is checked and accepted in environmental protection " San Tong method ".
1.1.3 project construction content
According to project characteristic, the total land area of descriptive item purpose, overall floorage, superstructure area, hypogee area, door
The amount of examining, bedspace, the distribution of each building and horizontal layout situation, floor and using the detailed economic and technical norms such as function, it is clear
Department or diagnosis and treatment subject facilities specify partitioning scenario in institute, i.e. lesion and non-lesion, lazaretto ward and non-infectious ward.
It is noted that Number of Outpatients and bedspace are the important indicators of hospital's intermediate item, Environmental impact assessment document should be illustrated according to project verification file
It is clear, it cannot omit.
1.1.4 general layout
Illustrate principal element, design principle and design scheme that planning design of item considers.Each main body for providing item design is built
It builds, accessory building, such as boiler room, oxygen station, laundry etc., the Total combining ability scheme of public utility and road traffic,
The special placement scheme of the facilities such as parking lot.
1.1.5 the relationship and original land used situation of projects awaiting construction and external environment
(1) project external environment basic condition
Using chart and be equipped with explanatory note project surrounding enviroment situation, including but not limited to the main line of communication, residential area, public set
It applies, factory and enterprise, water body in lake etc..It stresses that project construction whether there is conditionality factor, including this project may be made
At the external environment of influence, such as periphery is existing or is building setting of the enterprise there are width of sanitary protection zone, and peripheral path environmental impact assessment is
Specific planning control required distance etc., and may be by the external environment basic condition that this project is influenced, such as infectious hospital
Itself there is its construction specification requirement.
(2) project land character and status
Illustrate project land used Historic Evolution and current status situation: no environment leftover problem is only needed to illustrate land current situation, be related to
And should supplementing for original place block removal hands over removal main body, removal scale and removing and resettlement situation；There is should saying for environment leftover problem
Bright original land used Historic Evolution, plant area, old enterprise horizontal layout and each production unit function distribution, production technology, product side
Case, primary pollution source distribution situation, pollutant emission situation, pollution prevention measure, each functional areas of genuine and projects awaiting construction are planned
Each structures corresponding relationship and related soil repair situation, and have soil remediation report can directly quote its conclusion, purpose
It is to illustrate whether the plot can be used for Hospital Project construction.
1.1.6 public work
Illustrate project power supply, plumbing, cooling and warming, air cleaning system (filtering, disinfection etc.), smoke evacuation and ventilation, medical air
The basic conditions such as body supply system, bedding and clothing washing, logistics and traffic, garbage collection system.
For that should combine in sewage treatment plant's capture range but project that periphery current municipal drainage pipeline networks is not perfect
Region municipal drainage planning and construction progress, implement each section of pipe network and related facility in project drainage path, such as pumping plant, build
If situation, and illustrate the timing joining relation with project construction；If can not confirm construction progress, environmental impact assessment need to be according to close, remote
Phase drains two kinds of situations and carries out pollution prevention measure design and Analysis to reach standard.
1.1.7 environment-friendly engineering
Illustrate between project Sewage Disposal, general solid waste are temporary and medical dangerous waste it is temporary between, waste gas pollution control and treatment facility and environmental management
The basic condition of system etc..
1.2 project analysis
Construction time construction link and clearly each link pollution sources are analyzed, the analysis operation phase builds each functional areas primary pollution source；Point
Construction time and operation phase provide project pollution source distribution and calculate pollution far stronger, and the quasi- environmental protective measure taken.This
One chapters and sections include following chart substantially: construction link and the dirty node schematic diagram of production, operation phase primary pollution source distribution map, operation phase
Water balance figure, the construction time produces dirty analytical table, the Project in Operation phase produces dirty analytical table, construction time earthworks calculation table, project plumbing
Balance sheet, pollution far stronger and production list, pollutant emission situation summarize list.
1.3 environmental impact predictions and evaluation
1.3.1 environmental effect forecast evaluation
For item characteristic and project region environmental quality, select water environment, atmospheric environment, acoustic environment, groundwater environment,
Solid waste, soil erosion, eco-environmental impact carry out special topic prediction and evaluation to construction time and operation phase.It should be noted that
It is, according to the regulation of " environmental impact assessment fire protection technology groundwater environment " (HJ 610-2016), the underground water of Grade A hospital
Evaluation classification be III class, related underground water environmental impact analysis content compared with general Hospital Project environmental impact assessment depth more very.
1.3.2 the cross-impact analysis between influence and inside of the external environment to projects awaiting construction
Hospital needs to provide quiet, harmonious diagnosis and treatment and just to medical staff and sufferer etc. as special social building type
Environment is cured, itself is generally considered as Sensitive Buildings, it is more demanding to surrounding enviroment；Therefore outer ring is usually required supplementation in environmental impact assessment
Environment during Hospital Project is runed in border influences, and is mainly the following situation:
(1) can evaluation analysis traffic noise or the influence vibrated to projects awaiting construction meet sound environment quality requirement: illustrate to face friendship
Lead to the building title of sense main line, using function, layer height, scale, positional relationship etc., analysis prediction is faced by what noise and vibration were influenced
Can road building faces road side acoustic environment meet functional areas standard requirements, if exceeded it should be understood that the exceeded range of noise, exceeded journey
Degree；For not being able to satisfy the region of functional areas standard, [2010] No. 7 text " traffic above-ground noise abatement skills should be sent out according to ring
Art policy " principle that is proposed, adopting an effective measure makes its indoor acoustical environment reach " Code for sound insulation design of civil buildings " (GB
50118-2010) the requirement in corresponding medical room.
(2) evaluation analysis periphery industrial enterprise, municipal public engineering, such as sewage treatment plant, refuse transfer station etc. are special
Project atmosphere pollution and noise pollution are on the influence of the surrounding air of projects awaiting construction and Environmental Acoustic Effect.
(3) reference has the evaluation of unit measured data or the analogy analysis surrounding enviroment mesohigh corridor, power transformation of monitoring qualification
Stand, microwave tower, radio and television transmitting etc. facilities on the environment such as the electromagnetic radiation of projects awaiting construction and radio interference influence.
(4) if the case where project is checked and accepted there are built by separate periods by stages, later period engineering construction is analyzed to preliminary project operation
Environment influence.
1.4 pollution prevention measure
It gives duration and operation phase, the characteristics of integration project, following all or part of special topic is selected to carry out environmental protective measure
Analysis: prevention and control of air pollution measure, useless (dirt) water harnessing measure, noise and Vibration Treatment measure, municipal solid wastes disposal are arranged
It applies, ground water protection measure, water-and-soil conservation measures, ecological protection measure etc., environmental risk prevention measure；Demonstration project is quasi- to be taken
The feasibility of environmental protective measure, and technologically advanced, applicable, effective principle is pressed, multi-scheme is carried out when necessary than choosing, is recommended most
Good scheme.
1.5 other
1.5.1 about the analysis on Clean Production of hospital
According to Article 24 in the Law of the People's Republic of China on Promoting Clean Production: " architectural engineering should be using energy saving, water-saving
Etc. architectural design scheme, construction and decoration material, building components and fittings and the equipment for being conducive to environment and resources protection." hospital
Purpose analysis on Clean Production can be from " selection of building and finishing material ", " energy conservation ", " water-saving ", " saving land ", " section material ", " ozone
The level of clean production of project is discussed in layer protection " etc., and proposes recommendation on improvement for insufficient.Due to hospital draining it is special
Property, it is therefore an objective to cross-infection is avoided, it is general it is not recommended that hospital carries out Treated sewage reusing, therefore this does not often change in clean manufacturing
Into the column of suggestion.
1.5.2 the Total combining ability analysis on its rationality of hospital
According to waste it is temporary between, Sewage Disposal, boiler room, oxygen station, logistics stream of people route, pump house, cooling tower, blower etc. set
Standby position of the facility in total figure, analyzes the reasonability of its layout.Mainly from the presence or absence of cross-infection, if can be quick to periphery
Feel target and hospital internal sensitive spot, such as inpatient department or Inpatient Building, the aspect analyzing impacted.
The basic content that 2 pairs of Hospital Project environmental impact assessments examine
2.1 construction time Major environment impacts and control measure
Hospital Project construction time environment influences mainly to include construction fugitive dust, construction waste water, construction noise and solid waste pollution etc..
(1) construction fugitive dust: removing (if being related to) mainly from original Old building, excavation of earthwork, backfill, transhipment, Building wood
Expect onsite moving and stack the fugitive dust generated and haulage vehicle dust on the roads etc..It should qualitatively or quantitatively predict fugitive dust to big in evaluation
The influence in compression ring border, the especially influence to periphery sensitive spot, small scale, the project of short construction period can suitably simplify.Usually
It takes the totally-enclosed enclosing of setting, clean the control measure such as construction site, timing watering dust suppression in time, reduce it to extraneous pollution
Degree and coverage.
(2) construction waste water: main includes construction production waste water and construction personnel's sanitary sewage.Production waste water requires to collect as far as possible
Middle collection is precipitated, is recycled after oil removal processing or for watering and lowering dust；For the sanitary sewage that construction personnel generates, week
Pipe network perfect project in side can be discharged into urban sewage pipe nearby, and the project that cannot be connected with sewage treatment plant can take dry pail latrine
Or the measure of moving environment protection closet is disorderly arranged to avoid untreated sewage.
(3) construction noise: mainly including construction machinery noise and transport and communications noise.It, should be according to applying for mega project
The type and quantity of work machinery analyze strength of sound source, influence of the quantitative forecast to boundary and sensitive spot, small scale, construction period
Short project can suitably simplify.Usually by lowering strength of sound source, increase enclosing, sensitive target protection, increasing attenuation, night
The means such as construction are forbidden to mitigate its influence to periphery sensitive spot.
(4) solid waste: include mainly building waste, spoir and construction personnel's house refuse, Y-factor method Y or class can be used
It estimates its yield respectively than analytic approach and illustrates emission direction.
2.2 operation phase Major environment impacts and control measure
Operation phase environment influences mainly to include sewage, exhaust gas, noise and solid waste pollution etc..
(1) sewage: mainly including the draining of the medical technologies medical department such as chemical examination, consulting room, operation and dirt wash between drain, disease in hospital
People and attending family such as are flushed the toilet, wash one's hands and face at the draining, sanitation and hygiene draining, the life office sewage and food that medical care and administrative personnel generate
Hall waste water etc.；Notice that the actual conditions in conjunction with hospital make an explanation to the property, disposal options and whereabouts of several special waters, i.e.,
Chemically examine waste water, dept. of radiology's waste water, clinical laboratory's waste water, department of stomatology waste water etc..If project sewage can smoothly connect via city planting ductwork
Enter sewage treatment plant, then project waste water should meet GB18466-2005 " medical institutions' water pollution by self-built sewage treatment facility
Object discharge standard " preparation standards in table 2；If project sewage is directly discharged into surface water body via pipe network or irrigation canals and ditches, project is useless
Water should meet the discharge in GB18466-2005 " Discharge standard of water pollutants for medical organization " table 2 by self-built sewage treatment facility
Standard.According to different Effluent criterias, with reference to " Hospital Sewage Treatment engineering legislation " (HJ2029-2013) and " hospital is dirty
Water treatment technology guide " (ring send out [2003] No. 197) etc. takes corresponding sewage treatment scheme, while being also noted that integration project
Pipe network facilities are to its further refinement in sewage discharge property (dirty to shunt still dirty interflow) and institute.
(2) exhaust gas: mainly from boiler waste gas, dining room oil smoke, vehicle exhaust, Sewage Disposal stench and diesel-driven generator
Exhaust gas, peculiar smell of boiling medicine (if having decoction room) etc. that (if having spare) operation generates.To these pollution sources to carry out quantitative analysis and
Prediction (peculiar smell of wherein boiling medicine is due to complicated component and lacks source strength calculation basis, and environmental impact assessment only needs qualitative analysis), and propose
Corresponding pollution prevention measure.
(3) noise: mainly from dining room blower, pump house, boiler room, central air-conditioning water cooler, cooling tower, get off
The equipment such as library blower and medical treatment crowd noises.It should targetedly propose that Noise Prevention and Treatment is arranged by construction project content in evaluation
It applies, not only to consider influence of the hospital noise to periphery sensitive spot, it is also contemplated that the noise shadow that building etc. of being hospitalized in institute may be subject to
It rings.
(4) solid waste: mainly including house refuse, clinical waste, Sewage Disposal sludge, dining room waste oil, useless work
Property charcoal (if for that can be related to if sewage treatment facility deodorization) etc., analogue analysis method can be used or statistic law estimates its yield,
It determines processing scheme, specifies emission direction, pay attention to implementing dangerous waste treatment protocol.
What 3 pairs of Hospital Project environmental impact assessments examined pays close attention to content
3.1 waste water
The sewage of project lesion and non-lesion, the sewage of infected area and non-infectious lesion, if dual treatment, dirty shunting；
The design scale of Sewage Disposal, treatment process, processing unit, treatment effeciency, disinfection way and sewage treatment scheme reach
Whether comprehensive mark feasibility analysis；Whether property, Drainage feature, discharging modes and the whereabouts of Special Category waste water are apparent；Sewage
Discharge final whereabouts whether accuracy of judgement, whether effluent-disposal standard in strict accordance with " Discharge standard of water pollutants for medical organization "
(GB18466-2005) it executes；Whether sewage on-Line Monitor Device is arranged according to relevant specification of country.If being otherwise noted that receiving doctor
What sewage treatment plant's adapter tube standard of institute's waste discharge had a particular/special requirement should list its adapter tube standard.
Between 3.2 dangerous wastes are temporary
Hospital's intermediate item should be understood that the feelings such as set-up site, scale, disinfection situation, the transhipment frequency, antiseepage arrangement between dangerous waste is temporary
Condition, dedicated dirt transport channel, which should be noted that, is away as far as possible key personnel accumulation regions, effectively prevent letting out during dirt transports
Pollution caused by dew, diffusion, avoids pollution intersecting for article and clean article, realizes clean dirty shunt.
3.3 infectious disease regions
In conjunction with the prevention and control feature in infectious disease region, pay attention to waste water, sludge, medical waste treatment that infectious disease region generates require and
Air cleaning requirement.
3.4 environmental risk
Hospital's environmental risk that may be present is generally concentrated in public auxiliary engineering, such as non-normal emission, the oxygen of Sewage Disposal
Leakage and fire incident occur for gas station or oxygen generating station, the use of disinfectant, natural gas leaking, oil depot occur accident and (be generally used for
Diesel-driven generator or boiler are spare, when a small amount of storage generally between fuel tank or oil storage), clinical waste collects, disposition, transhipment it is complete
Process.
Influence of 3.5 external environments to project
External environment influence factor mainly has: having the urban operating mechanism of obvious exhaust gas or influence of noise pollution, such as sewage treatment plant, rubbish
Rubbish transfer station, refuse landfill, large pumping station etc., traffic noise, vibration, electromagnetic pollution, industrial pollution etc., in evaluation procedure
Related pollution sources should be sufficiently investigated, its pollution effect degree of quantitative analysis is clear whether to meet related standard criterion requirement.
3.6 radiation pollution
Hospital should specially entrust the environmental impact assessment mechanism of organizations nuclear technology environmental impact assessment with establishment Application of Nuclear Technology project qualification
The shadow that the Applications of Nuclear Technology such as file, radiology devices that this document is related to hospital and nuclear medicine application may cause environment
It rings and carries out prediction and assessment, and propose to prevent and mitigate countermeasure and measure that poor environment influences, while proposing related spoke
Penetrate environmental management requirement.Hospital's intermediate item environmental impact assessment no longer does detailed assessment explanation to this part, can sketch principle environmental protection and want
Seek or quote the conclusion of radiation class environmental impact assessment.
3.7 reorganization and expansion and the hospital that relocates
From the point of view of certain the city's Hospital Project classification examined in recent years according to the author, hospital's reorganization and expansion or resettlement situation are more universal, right
Also to pay special attention to following several respects content: in transitional period (this in addition to the above in the emphasis of this intermediate item environmental impact assessment concern
In the signified transitional period, when meaning that between hospital tears open, changes the date but proposed part is not yet built up) Sewage Disposal, clinical waste
Equal construction between temporary, using problem, i.e. outlet, clinical waste absolutely cannot be effectively treated there can be no sewage and nowhere stack
Or situations such as arbitrarily abandoning；Whether meet reorganization and expansion requirement in the presence of the propping works of the relationship of support；Construction period is to former in hospital
There are the exhaust gas of Sensitive Buildings, such as ward, consulting room, operating room etc., influence of noise pollution to have specially section analysis；For item of relocating
Mesh should carry out healthy prevention work conscientiously, especially pass to existing building if construction unit needs to deliver existing medical building
After dye isolated area need to carry out pasteurised completely processing, hygiene department or related authorities can be transferred to redistribute use.
3.8 other
At present many Civilian Hospitals, private infirmary often lease real estate only building for commercial use or business annex certain is several layers of
Can come into operation, to pay special attention to the following for the environmental impact assessment of this intermediate item: the property in clearly lease room (should have correlation
File support, such as property ownership certificate), there are it is clearly contradicted when should be used as the conditionality factor of project site selection；The business being leased for is used
With the presence or absence of commercial sex restrictive condition (such as health station, hospital cannot be introduced etc.) in project environmental impact assessment where room, and whether
In the presence of the space of setting hospital's indispensability Pollution treatment installation；If the sewage treatment facility of hospital is set to except lease room
Space (such as on the vacant lot beside building for commercial use or under vacant lot or in public lawn, etc.), environmental impact assessment must specify the space
Allocation of landownership and land use right or jurisdiction, if being not belonging to the side of being leased for, hospital should obtain the agreement of relevant unit or department.
2. calculating each environmental impact factor evaluation index according to the evaluation index parameter of different environmental impact factors
Weight；Specifically, to each environmental impact factor established standards value, evaluation index parameter when constructing technology evaluation index system
For the correction value of standard value, the upper limit for obtaining permissible value is standard value+correction value, and the lower limit for obtaining permissible value is that standard value-is repaired
Positive value, then the weight for calculating evaluation index is the ratio of measured value and standard value, and when measured value is greater than the upper limit of permissible value
Or less than permissible value lower limit when, weight is denoted as 0.
3. constructing the evaluation index gradation factor of each environmental impact factor；Specifically, evaluation index gradation factor is divided into I
Grade, II grade, III grade, and belonging to each environmental impact factor coefficient in I grade is 1.0, each environment belonged in II grade influences
Factor coefficient is 0.5, and each environmental impact factor coefficient belonged in III grade is 0.2.
Wherein, belong to I grade of environmental impact factor include: construction fugitive dust, construction waste water, construction noise, construction period it is solid
Between solid waste during body waste, sewage, exhaust gas, noise, operation, dangerous waste are temporary, infectious disease region；Belong to II grade of environment shadow
The factor of sound includes: the influence to project of environmental risk, external environment, radiation pollution；The environmental impact factor for belonging to III grade includes work
Journey overview, project analysis, environmental impact prediction and evaluation, pollution prevention measure, clean manufacturing.
4. weight and gradation factor based on each environmental impact factor obtain the influence point of each environmental impact factor
Number obtains influencing total score according to the influence score of each environmental impact factor, to judge hospital's human subject environmental impact factor
It assesses whether to pass through.
When calculating influence total score, deviation factor is set, deviation factor first calculates the ratio of measured value and standard value when calculating,
And obtain the difference between the ratio and 1 of measured value and standard value, judged by the ratio that difference accounts for correction value: 0-20% belongs to A
Class, 20-50% belong to B class, and 50-100% belongs to C class, then deviation factor are as follows: A class environmental impact factor quantity accounts for total environment influence
It is 1 when factor number 100%；A class environmental impact factor quantity accounts for 90% or more total environment influence factor number and C class is 5% or less
When be 0.95；A class environmental impact factor quantity accounts for 75% or more total environment influence factor number and when C class is 10% or less is 0.9；
A class environmental impact factor quantity accounts for 60% or more total environment influence factor number and when C class is 15% or less is 0.85；A class environment
Influence factor quantity accounts for 40% or more total environment influence factor number and when C class is 25% or less is 0.75；The deviation of remaining situation
Coefficient is 0.7.
Finally, remember standard value P, correction value Pi, measured value M, weight N, gradation factor I, environmental impact factor number Z, partially
Poor coefficient Q, total score F is influenced, then influences total score F=[(N1+N2+N3+ ...) * I1+(N4+N5+N6+…)*I2+(N7+N8+N9+…)*
I3] * Q, wherein when calculating each weight N, N=M/P, and work as M>P+Pi, or, when M<P-Pi, the weight of this environmental impact factor
N is denoted as 0, obtains after influencing total score F, the ratio influenced between total score F and environmental impact factor number Z is calculated, when ratio is greater than
0.7 and belongs to the environmental impact factor of I grade and II grade gradation factor there is no be determined as qualification when weight is 0.
It should be noted that since project profile includes following sub-project: project basic condition, project overall planning feelings
Condition, project construction content, general layout, the relationship of quasi- construction project and external environment and original land used situation, public work and
Environment-friendly engineering；Environmental impact prediction and evaluation include following sub-project: the influence of environmental impact prediction, external environment to projects awaiting construction
And the cross-impact analysis between inside.It therefore, should to the weight calculation of project profile and environmental impact prediction and evaluation
First to comprising sub-project constructing technology evaluation index system, and the evaluation index parameter of each sub-project is determined, according to different
The evaluation index parameter of sub-project calculates the weight of each sub-project, and each sub-project weight is averaged that engineering can be obtained is general
The weight of condition and environmental impact prediction and evaluation.
To every when the sub-project constructing technology evaluation index system for including with evaluation to project profile and environmental impact prediction
One environmental impact factor established standards value, evaluation index parameter are the correction value of standard value, obtain the upper limit of permissible value as mark
Quasi- value+correction value, obtain permissible value lower limit be standard value-correction value, then calculate evaluation index weight be measured value with
The ratio of standard value, and when measured value is greater than the upper limit of permissible value or when less than the lower limit of permissible value, weight is denoted as 0.
Claims (10)
1. hospital's class environmental impact factor appraisal procedure, which is characterized in that the described method includes:
It determines the environmental impact factor for participating in assessment, constructing technology evaluation index system, and determines commenting for each environmental impact factor
Estimate index corrected parameter；
The weight of each environmental impact factor evaluation index is calculated according to the evaluation index parameter of different environmental impact factors；
Construct the evaluation index gradation factor of each environmental impact factor；
Weight and gradation factor based on each environmental impact factor obtain the influence score of each environmental impact factor, according to
The influence score of each environmental impact factor obtains influencing total score, to judge that hospital's human subject environmental impact factor assesses whether
Pass through；
Wherein, the environmental impact factor for participating in assessment includes: project profile, project analysis, environmental impact prediction and evaluation, pollution
Control measure, clean manufacturing, construction fugitive dust, construction waste water, construction noise, construction period solid waste, sewage, exhaust gas, noise,
Between solid waste during operation, dangerous waste are temporary, the influence to project of infectious disease region, environmental risk, external environment, radiation pollution；
Evaluation index gradation factor is divided into I grade, II grade, III grade, and belonging to each environmental impact factor coefficient in I grade is 1.0,
The each environmental impact factor coefficient belonged in II grade is 0.5, and each environmental impact factor coefficient belonged in III grade is 0.2.
2. hospital's class environmental impact factor appraisal procedure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: constructing technology assessment refers to
To each environmental impact factor established standards value when mark system, evaluation index parameter is the correction value of standard value, is allowed
The upper limit of value is standard value+correction value, and the lower limit for obtaining permissible value is standard value-correction value, then calculates the power of evaluation index
Weight is the ratio of measured value and standard value, and when measured value is greater than the upper limit of permissible value or when less than the lower limit of permissible value, weight
It is denoted as 0.
3. hospital's class environmental impact factor appraisal procedure according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: belong to I grade of environment
Influence factor includes: construction fugitive dust, construction waste water, construction noise, construction period solid waste, sewage, exhaust gas, noise, operation
Between period solid waste, dangerous waste are temporary, infectious disease region.
4. hospital's class environmental impact factor appraisal procedure according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: belong to II grade of environment
Influence factor includes: the influence to project of environmental risk, external environment, radiation pollution.
5. hospital's class environmental impact factor appraisal procedure according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: belong to III grade of environment
Influence factor includes project profile, project analysis, environmental impact prediction and evaluation, pollution prevention measure, clean manufacturing.
6. hospital's class environmental impact factor appraisal procedure according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the project profile packet
Include following sub-project: project basic condition, project overall planning situation, project construction content, general layout, quasi- construction project
With the relationship and original land used situation, public work and environment-friendly engineering of external environment；The environmental impact prediction and evaluation include such as
Lower sub-project: the cross-impact analysis between the influence and inside of environmental impact prediction, external environment to projects awaiting construction.
7. hospital's class environmental impact factor appraisal procedure according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: to project profile and ring
Border influences the sub-project constructing technology evaluation index system that prediction includes with evaluation, and determines the evaluation index ginseng of each sub-project
Number, the weight of each sub-project is calculated according to the evaluation index parameter of different sub-projects, each sub-project weight is averaged
The weight of project profile and environmental impact prediction and evaluation can be obtained.
8. hospital's class environmental impact factor appraisal procedure according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: to project profile and ring
Border, which influences to set each environmental impact factor when the sub-project constructing technology evaluation index system that prediction includes with evaluation, marks
Quasi- value, evaluation index parameter are the correction value of standard value, and the upper limit for obtaining permissible value is standard value+correction value, obtain permissible value
Lower limit be standard value-correction value, then the weight for calculating evaluation index is the ratio of measured value and standard value, and works as measured value
When the upper limit greater than permissible value or the lower limit less than permissible value, weight is denoted as 0.
9. hospital's class environmental impact factor appraisal procedure according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: calculating influences total score
When, deviation factor is set, the deviation factor first calculates the ratio of measured value and standard value when calculating, and obtains measured value and mark
Difference between the ratio and 1 of quasi- value, judged by the ratio that difference accounts for correction value: 0-20% belongs to A class, and 20-50% belongs to B
Class, 50-100% belong to C class, then deviation factor are as follows: when A class environmental impact factor quantity accounts for total environment influence factor number 100%
It is 1；A class environmental impact factor quantity accounts for 90% or more total environment influence factor number and when C class is 5% or less is 0.95；A class ring
Border influence factor quantity accounts for 75% or more total environment influence factor number and when C class is 10% or less is 0.9；A class environment influence because
Prime number amount accounts for 60% or more total environment influence factor number and when C class is 15% or less is 0.85；A class environmental impact factor quantity accounts for
40% or more total environment influence factor number and when C class is 25% or less is 0.75；The deviation factor of remaining situation is 0.7.
10. hospital's class environmental impact factor appraisal procedure according to claim 9, it is characterised in that: standard value P, amendment
Value Pi, measured value M, weight N, gradation factor I, environmental impact factor number Z, deviation factor Q, total score F is influenced, then influences total score
F=[(N1+N2+N3+ ...) * I1+(N4+N5+N6+…)*I2+(N7+N8+N9+…)*I3] * Q, wherein when calculating each weight N, work as M >
P+Pi is obtained after influencing total score F or, the weight N of this environmental impact factor is denoted as 0 when M < P-Pi, calculate influence total score F with
Ratio between environmental impact factor number Z, when ratio be greater than 0.7 and belong to I grade and II grade gradation factor environment influence because
There is no be determined as qualification when weight is 0 for element.
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